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- Objective Approaches to Monitoring Training Internal Loads
Authors: Gökhan İPEKOĞLU; Tuğçe ÇALCALI, Ebru ŞENEL
Abstract: The activity performed during training or competition, regardless of internal features, is referred to as external load. External load indicators in training planning include runback, running speeds, acceleration, weight lifted, etc. Measurements of training internal load offer more precise and unbiased details regarding the physiological functions of the athlete. Methods such as TRIMP (training impulse), lactate concentrations, heart rate, immunologic-hormonal markers, and oxygen consumption are used to measure internal load. Blood samples are usually acquired from athletes to monitor the biochemical-hormonal elements and the training loads caused by these elements in the athlete during the calculation of biochemical parameters while monitoring the training loads in the athlete. However, since this is both costly and challenging for coaches, saliva samples have recently been utilized to measure these physiological markers. Saliva samples are easy for medical professionals to use, and they reduce the cost. Utilizing training load monitoring to calculate the ideal quantity of training needed to maximize an athlete's efficiency has grown to be a crucial practice for coaches and sports scientists. This compilation study was carried out in the light of scientific studies and books reached by using the keywords "Training", "Internal Loading", "Biochemical Parameter" in Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar databases between 2022-2023. When the training load is appropriately studied for each athlete, adaptations to training can be determined, rest times can be altered, distinct individual reactions to training can be understood, and athletes' injury risks can be decreased. In conclusion, the present study aimed to establish theoretical knowledge on the methodologies utilized in internal training load imaging based on the relevant literature, as well as the significance of imaging training loads to prevent injuries and maximize performance.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of the Relationship Between Isokinetic Muscle Strength and
Shooting Acuity in Wheelchair Athletes
Authors: Hasan Hüseyin YILMAZ; Sonay Serpil ALPDOĞAN, Fatih KIYICI
Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between upper extremity isokinetic muscle strength (elbow and wrist flexors/extensors) and free throw acuity of wheelchair basketball players. The mean age of the 7 wheelchair basketball players included in the study is 25.20±1.78 years, their body weight average is 66.40±15.46 kg, and their disability classification mean score is 2.70±0.90. The strength of the elbow and wrist flexor/extensor muscles of the participants was measured as concentric-concentric. IsoMed 2000® isokinetic force device was used for force measurements. Shooting acuity performance was obtained by dividing the score obtained as a result of 20 free throws by 20. Descriptive characteristics obtained from participants are shown as mean and standard deviation. Bivariate Correlation test was performed to reveal the relationship between strength and free throw accuracy performance. Data for bilateral and unilateral comparisons are calculated and shown as percentages. In the analysis of the data obtained from the research, the level of significance was taken as 0.05. In the analysis results, no significant relationship was found between elbow joint flexors and extensors and free throw acuity (p>0.05).A significant correlation was found between left extremity flexors and extensors and shooting acuity in the wrist joint (p<0.05). When the wrist joint flexors and extensors were compared bilaterally, the difference was high (58.44/54.96%), while the bilateral difference in the elbow joint was within normal limits (10.24/13.31%). When the flexors and extensors of the wrist and elbow joints were evaluated as unilateral, it was determined that both joints were within normal limits. However, it was determined that the elbow joint had a lower rate than the wrist joint. As a result of the findings obtained from the research, it can be said that the bilateral difference determined in the wrist joint may affect the shooting acuity. It was concluded that the unilateral values of the participants were normal.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- A Content Analysis of Postgraduate Theses on the Gymnastics Discipline
Authors: Kader YEL; Sema GÜZEL, Kübra KURCAN, Zekai ÇAKIR
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate thesis works related to the Gymnastics discipline in terms of various variables and provide guiding information to researchers in thesis and abstract writing. It is noteworthy that the oldest registered thesis in the National Thesis Center database related to Gymnastics dates back to 1981, and the highest number of theses, 10 being Master's theses and 1 being a doctoral thesis, were written in 2019. However, it is remarkable that only 21 doctoral theses were prepared during this period. It has been determined that the majority of the theses written between 1981 and 2023, with very few exceptions, were written in Turkish, including 3 Master's theses and 1 doctoral thesis in English. It has been concluded that Gazi University and Marmara University are the universities where the most theses on Gymnastics have been produced. In terms of academic supervision provided to students who have written theses in the subject area, it was found that assistant professors, associate professors, and professors were the advisors, each contributing to the thesis production in different proportions. When considering the gender of the researcher authors, it is observed that men show more interest in the field of Gymnastics both at the doctoral and master's levels. Regarding the gender of the academic supervisors providing guidance to students who have written theses in the subject area, it is observed that men show more interest in the field of Gymnastics both at the doctoral and master's levels. It has been determined that the researchers predominantly prefer the experimental method in doctoral theses. In general, there is a need to increase both the quality and quantity of theses in the field of Gymnastics. There is a need for new studies that are original in terms of subject and methodology related to the Gymnastics field. In this context, it can be recommended to increase the number of doctoral theses conducted in the field of Gymnastics. Additionally, planning various research studies in the relevant field holds great importance. Increasing the frequency of research on current topics encompassing Gymnastics disciplines should be encouraged.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- The Relationship Between Groundstrokes Performances and Sweet-Spot Scores
in Recreational Level Female Tennis Players
Authors: Arda ÖZÇELİK
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential correlation between forehand and backhand performance, as well as sweet-spot scores, among female recreational tennis players. Eighteen recreational female tennis players between the ages of 21 and 24 voluntarily participated in this study. The ZEPP-2 Tennis Sensor was used to assess Sweet-Spot performances, and the forehand and backhand strike performance was evaluated using the " Groundstroke Depth " and " Groundstroke Accuracy" sections of the ITN test administered by the International Tennis Federation. The SPPS 25.0 package programme was used in the analysis of data. As a result, no statistically significant relationship was found between forehand stroke and sweet spot score variables in ITN 1 (r=0.073; p>0.05) and ITN 2 (r=0.230; p>0.05) sections of the test. Similarly, there was also no correlation between backhand stroke and sweet spot variables in ITN 1 (r=0.265; p>0.05) and ITN 2 (r=0.408; p>0.05). According to the results of the study, although it has been suggested that the sweet spot score in tennis may have an impact on strikes, the findings indicate that the sweet spot score alone is not a sufficient parameter for accuracy in forehand and backhand strikes.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Personalıty Traits on the Reasons for Preferring Sports
Brands of Sports Organization Employees (Example of Aegean Zone)
Authors: Özlem SİSLİ; Zeynep ONAĞ
Abstract: The aim of this research is to reveal the effect of personality traits on the brand preferences of sports experts working in the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports, who are considered sports consumers. The study used a quantitative technique and a scanning model. The research population consists of specialists, sports education specialists, and sport education specialists employed between 2021 and 2022 by the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports in the Aegean region. In contrast, the study's dataset comprised of 208 personnel who volunteered to participate in the research after being selected using a purposeful sampling technique. In the research, questionnaire survey was used as a data collection technique. The "Five Factor Personality Inventory" developed by Goldberg (1990) and transformed into Turkish by Öztürk, Ünal, and Kepoğlu (2020) was used to determine the personality traits of the participants in this study. Using the "Sport Brand Preference Scale" developed by Tozoğlu (2009), the participants brand preferences were determined. The SPSS 25.0 statistical program was utilized for the analysis of the research's data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the personality traits of the sports brand preferences of the Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports's sports experts have a positive effect on the brand preferences.
PubDate: Fri, 30 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +030
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