Authors:Fatih GÜR; Vedat AYAN Abstract: In recent years, in parallel with the developments in technology, mobile applications have been developed to improve, measure, and analyze sports performance. This research was conducted with the aim of performing the validity and reliability analysis of the My Jump 2 mobile application, which is one of the applications in question, with sedentary individuals using the countermovement leap (CMJ) technique. The research group consisted of a total of 24 sedentary individuals (age; 22.25±1.11 years, height; 170.37±8.82 cm, body weight; 63.95±10.69 kg), 13 male and 11 female, to participate in the study. Jumps were recorded simultaneously with the My Jump 2 mobile app and Fusion Sport brand Smart Jump splash mat device. The normality of the data was interpreted using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and skewness-kurtosis coefficients. The effect value size was calculated by considering Cohen's d index. Comparison between two different measurement methods was calculated by Paired Sample t test. Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman Graph analysis method were used for validity analysis. In the reliability analyses, the Repeated Measures ANOVA test, coefficient of variation (CV), typical error (TE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were used. As a result of the Bland-Altman analysis, a low bias (-0.26) and a data set that was largely distributed within the calculated limited area were obtained. A high level of correlation coefficient (r=0.99) and coherence value was obtained between My Jump 2 and the jump mat (ICC=0.992-0.994). The results of the research show that My Jump 2 mobile application can be used as a valid and reliable method in determining the vertical jump height of sedentary individuals. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ali Gürel GÖKSEL; Osman KUL Abstract: This study aims to examine football fans’ level of identification with the team and respect for opposite opinions in terms of different variables. The descriptive survey model was preferred in the study, in which the quantitative research method was used. The universe of the research consists of football fans in Turkey. A total of 863 football fans, including 326 women and 537 men, included in the study with the convenience sampling method, constitute the sample group of the research. To obtain data, the "Respect for Opposite Approach and Audit Scale of Self-Control at The Sport" developed by Gülle (2018) and the personal information form created by the researchers were used. Frequency and percentage analyses were conducted to determine the demographic characteristics of the data collected from the fans via Google Form. Kurtosis and skewness analysis were used to understand whether the scale scores showed a normal distribution, and t-test and ANOVA tests were used to determine the relationship between the variables. As a result, there was a significant difference between the two sub-dimensions of respect and hate, which are the two sub-dimensions of respect for opposite approaches and audit scale of self-control at the sport, and the variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, profession, being a member of a fan group, following the team's social media account and being affected by social media posts. There was also a significant difference between the football fan identification scale and the gender and sports branch variables. In addition, a significant difference was found in the variable of following the matches from the stands in the sub-dimension of hatred towards the opponent. As a result, it can be said that the increase in the level of identification of the fans with their teams causes a decrease in the respect for individuals with opposing views. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Onursal AKSAKALLI; Ertuğrul GELEN Abstract: The study aimed to determine the relationship and differences between estimation methods which are the minimal velocity threshold 1RM (1RMMVT) and load at zero velocity 1RM (1RMLD0). The load-velocity relationship was obtained through the 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) with the exercises of free weight and Smith machine barbell bench press. The study consisted of fifteen male who were interested in recreationally bodybuilding with at least five years of resistance training experience. The study was completed in four sessions. Free weight and Smith machine barbell bench press 1RM and the velocity measurements were determined in the 1st and 2nd sessions. The load-velocity profile was generated in the 3rd and 4th sessions with the barbell bench press exercise by using the loads between 30-85% of 1RM determined in the 1st and 2nd sessions. MVT and LD0 methods were used to estimate 1 RM with the load-velocity relationship. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship between direct measured 1RM and estimation methods and The Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the three methods. There were strong positive correlations (between r=0.918-0.949 for the Smith machine, between r=0.923-0.937 for free weight) between directly measured 1RM, 1RMMVT, 1RMLD0 in both free weight and Smith machine barbell bench press. However, no statistical difference was found between all 1RM methods (p>0,05). It was found that the estimation methods of 1RMMVT and 1RMLD0 are valid and reliable to estimate 1RM. Practitioners can estimate the 1RM from the load-velocity profile with both the free weight and Smith machine for barbell bench press exercise by using two alternative methods. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ahmet Yavuz KARAFİL Abstract: The referees play a crucial role by bearing tremendous responsibility in football. Referees not only manage the football match, but they are also the people who are psychologically affected by the atmosphere of the match and are held responsible for any mistake. This responsibility for the referees seems to have eased somewhat with the development of technology.Yet, unless an evaluation is made from the point of the referees, this situation will remain a mystery. This study aims to evaluate the attitudes of football referees towards the VAR system with the Q method. The methodological model of the study was the Q method, which includes qualitative and quantitative research methods. 25 referees included in the study with the snowball sampling method constitute the study group. The study data were analyzed using the PQMethod 2.35 program, which was developed for Q method studies. The principal component analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. After the analyzes made in the Q method, the data were divided into factors. As a result of principal component analysis and hand rotation afterward, it was seen that the opinions of the participants were gathered under two factors. The questions that the participants gathered under two different factors got higher scores were indicated by their Z scores. The reasons behind it were examined by interviewing the scores obtained from the quantitative data regarding the statements that the participants agreed and did not agree with. As a result, while there is a decrease in the sense of confidence in the referees' VAR system, in themselves and the profession, it is among the results obtained from the opinions that the elimination of injustice is a practice that allows the deserving to win. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Jonathan ROTİCH; Elıjah RINTAUGU, Edna THANGU Abstract: General practitioners are regarded as athletic support personnel as they are involved in delivering supportive services such as treating athletes participating in or preparing for sports competitions. General practitioners play a vital role in influencing athletes to fulfill their mandate to adhere to clean sports and therefore, their additional knowledge in sports is required to comprehensively address their health needs without affecting the integrity of rules that govern fair play. General practitioners require sufficient doping knowledge to provide athletes with health needs consistent with anti-doping regulations. In Kenya, no studies have investigated or reported the doping knowledge, attitude or experience of General Practitioners, thus leaving a knowledge gap on their ability to treat competitive athletes harmonious with WADA requirements. Therefore, the study sought to unearth General Practitioners' doping knowledge, attitude, and experience in Kenya. The study's findings have implications on doping knowledge, attitude, and experience of Kenya General Practitioners’ essential to inform the current status of the concept. A cross-sectional analytical study design was selected because of its robustness in describing general practitioners' current doping knowledge, attitude, and experiences. Data was collected using a self-reported and validated questionnaire where 250 General practitioners completed the survey. Findings revealed that Kenyan general practitioners are well aware of doping regulatory agencies of WADA and ADAK. The findings demonstrated that General Practitioners had an average doping knowledge (47.77 ± 14.03) punctuated with limited knowledge of prohibited substances, methods, and substances in certain sports. Work experience significantly influenced General Practitioners knowledge, F (4,245) = 10.852, p< .001. General Practitioners had a negative doping attitude of 45.23 ± 13.64. As many as 22% (55) General Practitioners received doping requests for the last 12 months, where 35.7% (89) of requests are about drugs to aid recovery. Anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, and peptide hormones were among the most sought-after PEDs. General Practitioners in Kenya have inadequate doping knowledge, which could limit their efficacy in treating professional athletes in line with WADA guidelines. Additional anti-doping training could benefit them address this limitation. Although General Practitioners demonstrated a negative attitude, expanding their involvement through active participation in doping seminars, and programs can enhance their understanding of the doping concept necessary to develop and maintain a strong negative attitude. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Seda YALÇIN Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effect of menstrual pain on sleep quality and anaerobic performance in women and the relationship between menstrual symptoms, sleep quality, and anaerobic performance. The study consisted of 22 (20.64 ± 1.91 years) healthy young women. The participants were divided into two groups according to their verbal expressions as menstruating with pain (n=11) and menstruating without pain (n=11). The study used a calendar-based counting method reported by women and an ovulation prediction kit to determine urinary LH surge. After the menstrual cycle phases were determined, Wingate anaerobic performance test measurements were applied to the participants in three phases (late follicle, ovulation and mid-luteal phase). Besides, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used to determine women’s sleep quality, and the menstrual symptom scale was used to measure menstrual symptoms. Mann-Whitney U test, one of the non-parametric tests, was used in the data analysis. In statistical analysis, the level of significance was accepted as p < 0.05. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between menstrual pain, sleep quality and anaerobic performance. As a result, the average sleep quality of the participants was higher than the painless group. Menstrual symptom scale "pain symptoms", and "coping methods" scores and menstrual symptom scale total scores differed between the groups. The study found that the power drop score, one of the anaerobic performance scores, differed between the groups in the mid-luteal phase. As a result of the correlation test, menstrual pain and sleep quality were associated with anaerobic performance. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet DEMİREL; Yusuf ER, Abdullah ÇUHADAR, Hasan Suat AKSU Abstract: Recent studies on social connectedness have emphasized that the sense of belonging is perceived as a basic need and might lead to psychological and physical health problems if not satisfied. It is further stressed that leisure activities might increase the sense of belonging, foster social wellbeing, and create an infrastructure for healthy generations. In this sense, this study examined the leisure involvement and social connectedness levels of undergraduate students in relation to gender, age, grade, perceived social wellbeing, difficulty with leisure assessment, and adequacy of weekly leisure. The population of the study comprises students of Necmettin Erbakan University and Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, while the sample group consists of 263 participants. T-test and ANOVA were conducted in data analysis. According to the results of the research, while there was a significant relationship between social addiction and leisure involvement in perceived social welfare and weekly leisure time variables, no significant relationship was found between gender variable and social addiction and leisure involvement. It was concluded that leisure involvement has an effective role on social commitment and evaluating leisure activities with typical leisure activities can positively affect social connectedness. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Emre GÜRBÜZ; Murat TAŞ Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the heading skills of virtual reality training in 12–13 years old child football players. 24 child football players between the ages of 12-13, licensed by the Turkish Football Federation as amateur athletes, participated in this study. 24 volunteer participants participated in the 8-week training process in 3 groups. Each group has 8 players. These groups are as follows; first, the VR group which performs football heading shoot skill only with virtual technology method, second, VR and traditional method group which uses virtual reality and traditional methods in a mixed way, third, the control group which uses only traditional methods. The instructional design model carried out in the research is five-stage instructional design model developed by Kalkan and Çamlıyer (2020). The performance test of the research was carried out as a pre-test, mid-test, and post-test. As a result, it was concluded that virtual reality technology can be used as an effective training method in the development of heading skills in football. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Oğuz GÜRKAN; Mehmet YILDIRIM Abstract: This present study aims to examine the phenomenon of the relative age effect among football players based on birth year and the positions they played in Turkish professional leagues. A total of 3622 professional football players from Turkish Super League, Spor Toto 1stLeague, 2ndLeague and 3rd League were included in the study. The players were divided into 4 different quarters with 3-month intervals and 2 different half-terms with 6-month intervals starting from January. The data of the second half of the 2021-2022 football season were used in the research. The data of the study were obtained from the official and open-access web pages of the Turkish Football Federation and Transfermarkt. With the chi-square test, the distribution of the football players according to birth months, positions and leagues and the frequency distribution differences between the groups were analyzed. SPSS 22 statistical package program was used to analyze data and the significance level was accepted as p<0.05. As a result, it has been observed that the number of football players born in the first quarter and the first 6 months of the year in all of the professional leagues in Turkey is more than the players born in the other quarters of the year, and the results were found statistically significant. In addition, it has been determined that there are more football players born in the first months of the year in all positions according to the leagues. As a result, the presence of relative age effect in football players playing in professional leagues in Turkey has been revealed. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İsmail İLBAK; Özgür EKEN Abstract: When the studies on foam roller (FR) are examined, it is seen that these studies were designed especially by using quantitative research methods. However, with quantitative methods, it may not be possible to examine a subject in depth from a psychological point of view. Therefore, examining the effects of FR by using qualitative research methods will make it possible to investigate in depth the mood and feeling it creates in individuals after the application. In this context, the aim of this research is to examine the effects of FR on the recovery of fitness athletes who regularly train and are constantly exposed to delayed muscle pain, with a qualitative method. In this study, which was carried out using qualitative data collection techniques, semi-structured interview technique was used. The participants included in the research group were determined by the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods. The participants applied the self-myofascial release (SMR) technique with a foam roller immediately after the training, and data were collected by interviewing the participants 72 hours later. In this research, analysis was made on audio recordings by using the six-step thematic analysis technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that SMR applications significantly reduced the peak point of delayed muscle soreness of the athletes. In addition, it has been determined that athletes' fatigue acutely reduces. It has also been found to be very effective in terms of recovery. As a result, it can be said that SMR significantly reduces the acute fatigue of athletes and the severity of pain at the peak of delayed muscle pain, and positively affects their recovery capacity. PubDate: Tue, 28 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +030
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