Authors:Pelin GÖNKEK; Nahit KÖKER, R. Timuçin GENÇER Abstract: Covid-19, which first appeared in Wuhan, China, and caused the death of many people, caused the structures within the sports industry to change as well as in all industries. In this period, sports organizations try to use social media tools effectively in order to stay in touch with their fans. Purpose of this research is to analyze the post of the most followed clubs and their fans on Twitter about Covid-19 in the Turkish Football Federation Super League.The study, a total of 2,971 hashtags related to Covid-19 were analyzed. The number of posts and percentages of tweets by fans and football clubs about Covid-19 was also included in the analysis. In this way, the contents of the Twitter posts of both fans and football clubs regarding Covid-19 were determined. The netnography method was used as the working method. The hashtags performed by the fans on Twitter were analyzed by the content analysis method. According to the findings, Fenerbahçe SK and its followers have become the football club that produced the most content (80.46%) regarding the Covid-19 outbreak. Although Galatasaray SC fans have produced the most hashtags, Galatasaray SK (16.5%) has produced the least amount of content about the epidemic. As a result, in the period of the Covid-19 epidemic, while it is seen that football fans unite in a common culture by posting similar hashtags about the Covid-19 epidemic on Twitter, it is seen that football clubs post less place to content related to the epidemic less than fan groups. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muhammet KOCAMAZ; Süleyman MUNUSTURLAR Abstract: This study aimed to analyse the violent tendencies and social connectedness levels of students who participate in extra-curricular in-school leisure activities. Data were obtained using a convenience sampling method from the city of Şanlıurfa. The participants were included 150 students who are attending a secondary school, which is governed by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education. 60 students of the sample group were chosen to be the active group who did sports actively because they participated in a weekly 6-hour training as they were members of the school soccer team, in addition to a weekly 4-hour PE class. 90 people were chosen from the students who did not do any sports activities except the weekly 4-hour PE class. In the research, personal information form, which is created by the researcher, Violence Tendency Scale and Social Connectedness Scale were used. In data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, the Independent Samples t-Test was used. According to statistical results, statistically significant difference was found in violent tendencies and social connectedness levels of students, in accordance with participation in leisure activities (p<0.05). Similarly, statistical significance was determined in violent tendencies and social connectedness levels of students in terms of gender (p<0.05). PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Fatih DOĞAN; Ali ÖZKAN Abstract: The purpose this study was to invsetigation and association of tennis specific skills of 12-14 age group tennis players. A total of 20 volunteer tennis players participated in the study. Body heigth, body weight and some kinantropometric measurements were taken. Dewitt-Dugan and Broer-Miller test were used to tennis specific skills. Isometric dynamometer was used for the determination of knee, back, grip and total strength. Anaerobic performance was used for determination of vertical jump test. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method was used to evaluate the relationships between tennis specific skills and body composition, strength, anaerobic performance values. The results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis indicated that tennis specific skills was significantly correlated with body composition, strength and anaerobic performance. As a conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that body composition, strength and anaerobic performance play a determinant role in tennis specific skills. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Tolga BEŞİKÇİ; Esra EMİR, Emrah ÖZDEMİR, Ezgi ABAY BEŞİKÇİ Abstract: The coronavirus pandemic, named as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has brought new living conditions with it by affecting the whole world. In this process, it was aimed to examine the psychological resilience levels of individuals and their perceived health outcomes in recreation, with the thought that there would be differentiation in the psychological state of individuals and their participation in recreational activities. For this purpose, 516 people (255 women, 261 men) residing in different regions of Turkey participated in the study voluntarily. The research data were collected by the online survey method prepared in the online environment due to the pandemic conditions. In addition to the personal information form, "short psychological resilience scale" and "perceived health outcomes scale in recreation" were used as data collection tools. In data analysis, t-test for independent samples, single-factor ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests were used. In the findings obtained from the research, it is seen that the mean scores of the psychological resilience levels of the participants differ in a statistically significant way according to the gender variable. In the analysis made according to status of the participants membership to any health/fitness center, there is a statistically significant difference in all sub-scales of the scale of perceived health outcomes in recreation, and in both scales and all sub- scales in the variable of participation in physical activity. However, it is concluded that there is a positive and significant correlation between the psychological resilience levels of the participants and the mean scores of perceived health outcomes in recreation. As a result, it can be stated that individuals who are physically active and exercise regularly during the Covid-19 pandemic process have higher levels of psychological resilience and perceived health outcomes in recreational activities. In this case, it can be said that as the psychological resilience levels of the participants increase, the level of perceived health outcomes from recreation also increases. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yücel MAKARACI; Abdullah UYSAL, Recep SOSLU Abstract: Jumping capacity in basketball and volleyball comes to the fore in terms of performing the actions in offensive and defensive at the optimum level. So; it is thought that examining the performance levels of the legs separately during jumping will reveal important findings in terms of determining the possible strength and other differences. The aim of the study is to compare unilateral counter movement jump (CMJ) parameters in basketball and volleyball. The study group consisted of 50 male athletes (21 basketball, 29 volleyball players) playing actively in Turkish basketball and volleyball leagues during 2020-2021 season. Unilateral CMJ test was applied to the athletes by using the Kistler Force Plate, following the standard warm-up protocol. The mean values of three successful jumps were recorded. Groups homogeneity was determined by the Levene test; the difference of the variables between the groups was determined by the Independent sample t test and the significance level was set at p<0,05. It was determined that volleyball players showed statistically better scores, especially in left leg CMJ parameters compared to basketball players. Results indicated that volleyball players have better values in both left and right leg “jump height” and “active movement time” parameters (p<0.05). When the findings of the two sports where the jumping is used intensively are examined; volleyball players' better results in parameters characterized by vertical jump are thought to be related to the factors such as unilateral jumping in volleyball is dominant in most techniques, athlete profile and body composition. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Arif ÖZSARI Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational identification. The universe of the research includes employees of a public sports organization. The sample group consists of a total of 189 employees, including 50 women and 139 men, who were selected by using easy sampling method and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Research data were collected by using "intellectual capital" and "organizational identification" scales, and a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for the relevant scales. In the research, besides descriptive statistics, t test and Anova tests were used, and correlation and regression methods were used within the context of the relational model. As a result of the research, it was found that the intellectual capital levels of the public sports organization employeesshowed significant changes according to the variables ofeducation level and staffing type, and it was found that organizational identification levels show significantdifferences according to age and education level variables. According to the results of the correlation analysis, a positive but weak correlation was found between organizational identification with human capital and structural capital, which are sub-dimensions of intellectual capital. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of intellectual capital on organizational identification, and it was found that intellectual capital did not have a significant effect on organizational identification. It can also be said that it is statistically difficult to predict the variable of organizational identification with the dimensions of the intellectual capital scale. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yusuf DAYICAN; Erdinç DEMİRAY Abstract: The aim of our research is to examine the relationship between the personality traits and leadership orientations of table tennis athletes. The 273 athletes licensed in Turkey Table Tennis League participated in our research. The Leadership Orientation Scale and orientations of the athletes were determined by applying The Big Five-50 Personality Test developed by Bolman and Deal (1991) and Goldberg (1992), respectively. The Big Five-50 Personality Test determining the Leadership Orientation Scale and orientations of the athletes was adopted in Turkish by Dereli (2003) and Tatar (2017). "Independent sample T test" and "one-way analysis of variance" techniques were used to determine the differences according to demographic variables. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between personality traits and leadership orientations of athletes, which constitute the main purpose of our study. A significant difference was found according to the variables of gender, age, education, and years of play of the participant over between personality traits and leadership orientations. However, it has been determined that there is no significant difference according to the leagues they play. It is seen that there are positive relationships between athletes' personality traits and leadership orientations. It is possible to say that the personality traits of table tennis athletes are effective on their leadership orientation. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muzaffer Emir ORAK; Hanifi ÜZÜM, Esra YILMAZ Abstract: This study, by examining the digital game addiction level of university students studying in different departments according to age, time played, income, gender, field of study, game type, game platform; The aim of this study was to compare these variables with the sub-dimensions of emotion, hyperfocus and deprivation from digital game addiction dimensions. The study group consisted of 517 people reached by convenience sampling method. As a data collection tool, the "Digital Game Addiction Scale for University Students" developed by Hazar and Hazar (2019) was applied to those who agreed to participate in the research by online questionnaire method. In the analysis of the data, parametric tests were used for data showing normal distribution and non-parametric tests were used for data not showing normal distribution. According to the results of the research, men have a higher risk of becoming addicted to digital games than women, 58% of university students choose mobile platforms to play digital games, the most preferred game type is First Person Shooter (FPS) (31%), and 80.7% of the students participating in the study. It was determined that the first part of the study had low risk and high-risk addiction scores. It has been determined that the students of faculties other than the faculty of sports sciences have higher levels of digital addiction. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hüseyin Ozan SÖNMEZ; A. Dilşad MİRZEOĞLU Abstract: The goal of this study is to examine the effect of personalized system of instruction on learning free-style swimming and track start skills in university students. In this research, which adopts the use of pre-test post-test control group model, the participants were 24 students (12 in experimental group, 12 in control group) who were studying in the Preparatory Class of Turkish Naval Academy, National Defence University and were receiving swimming courses. While the lessons in the experimental group were taught by the utilization of the Personalized System of Instruction, they were taught via the use of Direct Instruction in the control group. While the course content in the experimental group was provided with the workbook, it was formed by the lesson plans which were prepared by the instructor in the control group. Application of the procedure took 6 weeks in total. Observation forms, which were developed by one of the researchers, were used as data collection tools. For the analysis of the data, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used for in-group comparisons, whereas Mann-Whitney U Test was used for inter-group comparisons. As the result of the study, when the pre-test and post-test scores of the students in the experimental and control groups for freestyle swimming, track start and total skills were compared, statistically significant differences were found in favor of the post-tests. When the achievement scores of the students in the experimental and control groups for free style swimming, track start and total skills were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. In conclusion, it has been observed that both Personalized System of Instruction and Direct Instruction have positive effects on learning free style and track start technique in university students. It is safe to assume that the Personalized System of Instruction and Direct Instruction have similar effects in learning swimming skills and that the Personalized System of Instruction is an alternative teaching model to the Direct Instruction. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İrem TÜRKMEN; Fatih YAŞARTÜRK Abstract: The purpose of this research examining of the relationship between coping strategies with stress via leisure time and learning style according to some demographic variables. The area of this research includes 371 formation students from Bartın University in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. The sampling of this research includes 183 formation students from Bartın University in the second semester of the academic year 2018-2019. As a data collection tool, the personal information form, "Stress Coping Scale at Leisure Time (SCSLT)" and "Grasha-Reichmann Learning Style Scale (GRSLSS)" were used. Frequency, percentage distribution, arithmetic mean and standard deviation, t-Test, ANOVA (One-Way Analysis of Variance), and Pearson Correlation tests were used in the analysis of the data. In the findings of the study, a significant difference was found in favor of female participants in the subscales of "leisure palliative coping" and "leisure mood enhancement" strategies based on gender variables, Grasha - Reichmann learning style subscales, "avoidant learning style" subscale was found to differ significantly in favor of male participants. No significant differences were found between the frequency of participants' participation in leisure activities and their strategies for coping with stress through leisure time while according to the results of the ANOVA test conducted between the Grasha - Reichmann learning style subscales, a significant difference was found in the subscales of "collaborative learning style" and the difference was found to be in favor of individuals who participated frequently between individuals who rarely and frequently participated. A moderate and positive relationship was found between strategies for dealing with stress through leisure time and the scale of Grasha - Reichmann learning style. Therefore, it can be said that the learning styles of the students who are studying formation will increase as they develop strategies to cope with stress through leisure time. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yeliz ERATLI ŞİRİN; Gürsoy OLCA, İbrahim BAHÇİVAN Abstract: Due to the competitive nature of sports, all kinds of sports environments are seen as a source of stress by the actors of sports. Among these actors, one of the most important for sports is athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the media and coach-athlete stressors, which are important sources of stress brought by the current conditions of sports environments, and the mental resilience of athletes. The research group consists of 151 athletes from the branches of football, basketball, volleyball, athletics, tennis, canoe, wrestling, in the Mediterranean Region. The research data were collected with the “Media Stressors in Football Scale (MSFQ)” and “Coach-Athlete Stressors Scale (CASFQ)” developed by Kristiansen, Halvari and Roberts (2012) and adapted into Turkish by Yıldız and Polat (2020). Also, the “Mental Endurance Inventory in Sports” adapted into Turkish by Altıntaş and Koruç (2016) was used. Percentage frequencies mean and standard deviations were used in the analysis of the research data. At the same time, Mann-Whitney U test was used for and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used. As a result of the research, no statistical difference was found in the perceptions of the athletes' CASFQ, MSFQ and "Mental Endurance" according to gender and branch variables. A significant difference was found between the CASFQ and mental endurance continuity dimension of the athletes and the age variable. According to the education variable, it was found that the stress sources of the athletes with a bachelor's degree were low, and the mental endurance of those with a graduate education level was high. No difference was found in the perceptions of MSFQ according to the variables of education, age and age of sportsmanship. While there was a positive and significant relationship between the sources of stress and age and education variables, the media effect was not found to be determinant according to the education variable of the athletes. According to another result, a positive relationship was found between media stressors and mental toughness in sports. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yunus Emre GÜLHAN; Selçuk AKPINAR Abstract: Inactive lifestyle can cause a decline in the physical fitness levels of individuals in all age groups. It is thought that the inactive life caused by the Covid 19 epidemic process leads to a decline in the physical fitness levels of individuals. The aim of this research is to determine the physical fitness levels of children between the ages of 10-14 during the covid-19 epidemic. A total of 30 students (15 girls, 15 boys) who study at secondary and high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the Çayıralan district of Yozgat province in the 2020-2021 academic year voluntarily participated to this study. Within the scope of the research, in order to determine the performance-related physical fitness of the participants, triple hop, medicine ball throwing, star agility run, 50 m sprint and 9 min. endurance running tests were carried out. Descriptive statistics data were used in the analysis of the data obtained from the applications of the tests. One Sample t-Test was used to compare the means of dependent variables, One-Way ANOVA was conducted to compare the sample according to age groups, Scheffe Multiple Comparison Test was used to determine the difference between groups. As a result; the mean values expressing the physical fitness performances of the participants of our study (excluding the mean value obtained from the 50 m sprint test for 14-year-old men) were compared to the average percentage values that were performed before the epidemic and accepted as a standard in terms of physical fitness (Golle et al., 2015) were found to be below the 30% tranche. As a result of the comparison of the age groups of the participants, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the medicine ball throwing test averages in the 12-year-old and 14-year-old participants (p<0.05). In general, after the Covid 19 epidemic, it was determined that the physical fitness parameters of children in the 10-14 age group were far below the values accepted as the norm across Europe. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mustafa Ertan TABUK Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine the advertisements for academic staff employment in 2019-2020. The research was carried out by document analysis method. In this context, academic advertisements given by 112 universities are classified on the basis of title and department, in terms of mobility in foundation and public universities. Special conditions in the given advertisements are defined as numbers and percentages. Within the scope of the study, 1002 advertisements were given in 604 public and 398 foundation universities in 2 years. 833 of the advertisements are for PhD lecturer titles and 169 for research assistant and lecturer titles. In the research, it has been tried to reach information about human resources management planning and strategies in the employment of academic staff. Based on the data obtained in this study, in which descriptive information is classified, it is difficult to say that universities have a clear approach to human resource management planning. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Duygu TOPÇU; Özgül VUPA ÇİLENGİROĞLU Abstract: Football is one of the most followed sports in the world and Turkey. This prevalence of football is used in information technologies and match statistics can be determined easily with the developing data science. The most important issue in football competitions is the match result. There are many different criteria (the number of goals scored, the number of cards the team has received, the weather, play away, etc.) that affect the match result. The data obtained from the matches played in the Turkish Football Federation Super League 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 seasons were used. The main purpose of the study is to model the winning and losing situations of the teams with classification and decision tree methods. In the matches played, the red or yellow cards received by the host and the rival team, the number of foreign players in the teams and the number of goals scored were determined as independent variables by bringing them into a categorical format. Depending on these variables, the winning or losing situation of the home team is modeled using Logistic Regression and Decision Tree (CART, QUEST and CHAID) algorithms. Six different models were created within the scope of the study. By comparing the accuracy percentages, sensitivities, specifity and F-score values of the models created, it was decided that the best model was the CART algorithm with an accuracy percentage of 67.6% from the decision trees. It has been determined that the rival's red card situation and offensive and defensive powers in this model are important for the team to win or lose. It has also been shown that machine learning algorithms can be used in modeling football data. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Neşe AKPINAR KOCAKULAK; Serpil TAHERİ, Elif Funda ŞENER, Kenan AYCAN, Yusuf ÖZKUL Abstract: Physical exercise promotes the energy metabolism of the body. While physiological changes occuring in human body after regular exercise is well defined, it is not known how the body’s response changes during the time course of the exercise. Here, we investigated how the acute and chronic exercise alters expressions of genes related to energy metabolism and endurance. Our study investigated the effects of acute and chronic exercise on the expression of genes related to energy metabolism (AMPD1, PPARA) and endurance (ADRB2). Study group; was formed with 24 people: 12 healthy females and 12 healthy males. Maximal oxygen use capacities of the participants were determined by the Bruce test protocol at the beginning and end of the 8-week training program. After calculating their maximal oxygen use capacity, each participant was given an acute running exercise on the tread mill at the speed and incline that the participant would reach to his/her maxVO2 until he/she exhausted. The same people were built to continuous runs (%50-70) once every 8 weeks, and two days of medium-term interval training program (%90-95). Peripheral blood samples were taken before and after acute exercise and immediately after chronic exercises. RNA isolation was performed using TRIzol Reagent from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Gene expression was determined by Biomark Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Gene expression data was quantified by using both t-test and Mann-Whitney U tests. The statistical level of p <0.05 was taken. Our results show that ADRB2 and AMPD1 gene expression values increase in women after acute exercise. There were changes in the mean values of ADRB2, AMPD1, PPARA gene expressions in both men and women after the 8-week training program compared to pre-acute exercise. Expression of PPARA gene significantly decreased after exercise compared to pre-exercise only for the female group. This study is important in developing ideas about gene expressions of genes related to energy training and endurance with different selections and different exercise programs. Our results; this suggests that different training programs on different genders are important in terms of giving an idea about the gene expressions of genes related to energy metabolism and endurance. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Setenay TETİK; Hürmüz KOÇ Abstract: The purpose of this survey was to examine the levels of physical activity and life quality of Sports Sciences students in Turkey during the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to achieve this objective, necessary authorizations were secured and the survey was conducted by using surveys forms prepared in a digital environment and a total population of 414 students was reached in Turkey, including 224 male and 190 female students. The Turkish version of IPAQ short form was used to determine the physical activity levels of the students whereas SF-36 life quality questionnaire was used to evaluate their life quality. Package SPSS was used for the analysis of the data obtained. Chi-Square test was used to establish the relationship between physical activity and gender variables. Independent Sampling t-test was used for the comparisons of life quality sub-dimensions according to the gender variable while single way Manova analysis was conducted to determine the difference between the activity level and life quality sub-dimensions. Tukey analysis was used to be able to determine the origin of the differences between the groups. A significant difference was observed at four sub-dimensions of the life quality scale according to gender whereas no meaningful difference was observed at any sub-dimensions according to the area of specialization and grade. A relationship was determined between gender and physical activity as the female students were observed to have a greater inactivity tendency during the pandemic. On the other hand, a significant effect on life quality was determined according to physical activity levels. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hüseyin ÜNLÜ; Özgür AKTAŞ, Bilgihan BÜYÜKTAŞ Abstract: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was decided to conduct education activities remotely (online) and the attitudes and views of students who suddenly switched to distance education have been a matter of curiosity. This research was conducted in order to reveal the opinions and attitudes of the students studying in the field of sports sciences towards the courses taught by the distance education method due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. A total of 256 university students, 106 girls and 150 boys, with a mean age of 21.78±13.17, participated in the study. In the study, "Attitude Scale towards Distance Education" was used to determine students' attitudes towards distance education. In the study, independent sample t test was used for paired group comparisons and one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test was used for comparisons of more than two groups, and the level of significance was accepted as (p) <.05. In addition, two semi-structured questions prepared by the researchers in order to reveal the students' views on distance education were answered by the students and examined using content analysis method. It was determined that gender and department variables do not cause a significant difference on attitude towards distance education. The aspects of distance education that students find advantageous have three sub-themes (continuing education, time and place advantage, opportunity equality) and the disadvantageous aspects of the distance education have two sub-themes (eliminates the advantages brought by face-to-face education, physical conditions are not sufficient). As a result, although the students stated that distance education is advantageous due to the current pandemic, they emphasized that its disadvantages also pose a serious problem for educational activities. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Amin AZİMKHANİ; Azadeh SAFARİ YAZD, Reza AMİNZADEJ Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of sports exercises on students' differentiation and perfectionism. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and terms of the method used; it was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population includes; female students of the first year of high school who were studied using peer matching between the ages of 13-15. Due to the quasi-experimental nature of the research through G-Power software, 32 students in the experimental group and 15 students in the control group were studied. Data collection was based on Azimkhani, Hejazi & Aminzadeh’s training protocol (2019), as well as the Perfectionism Questionnaire (Hill, Huelsman, Furr, Kibler, Vicente, & Kennedy, 2004) and the Differentiation Questionnaire (Drake, Murdock, Marszalek, & Barber, 2015). Based on the findings; Can be observed through dependent t-test and analysis of covariance; In the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test in the variable components of differentiation and perfectionism, the significant levels of the dependent t-test are less than 0.05. Therefore, it can be said; significant changes have been made in the variables of differentiation and perfectionism in pre-test and post-test. Conclusion; According to the findings, to increase the psychological and physical factors and the effect of the sports coach, all other factors; Including educational support, the quality of the halls, and educational environments, can be a serious help for students. On the other hand, the type of training along with professional trainers can be a great help for all students, even elite athletes. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehmet GÜLÜ; Ali Ahmet DOĞAN Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 6-week eccentric hamstring strength training on vertical jump and sprint performance. There were 19 male active participants in the study, of which 10 were in the experimental group and 9 in the control group. Pre-test and post-test measurements of the participants in the study were taken. Participants' 5-m, 10-m and 30-meter sprint, vertical jump were measured. The SPSS 17.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data, and the test values of the participants were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. According to the findings obtained from the research results, in the statistical comparison of the 5-m, 10-m and 30-meter sprint test results of the experimental group participants before and after the training, there was no significant difference between the 5-m sprint pre-test and post-test values of the participants in the research (p> 0.05), there was a significant difference between the 10m and 30m sprint test pre-test and post-test values (p< 0.05). As a result, Nordic hamstring training small to moderately improved both sprint and vertical jump performance. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İlhan ODABAŞ; Nalan SUNA, Menşure AYDIN, Benil KISTAK ALTAN, Mustafa Arslan BAŞAR Abstract: The aim of this study is to compare the somatotype of male running Ultra-trail race at different distances and to evaluate the race performance relationship. A total of 44 runners, average of age 45.64 ± 9.16 years; average of height 175.84 ± 6.18 cm; average of body weight 75.36 ± 7.46 kg, who ran distances of 13 km (n= 6), 30 km (n= 19), 66 km (n= 14) and 100 km (n= 5), participated voluntarily in the study. Heath & Carter method was used to determine the somatotypes of the runners. The running performance times were taken from the race results section on the organization's website. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the running groups, and the Pearson correlation test was used for correlation analysis (p < 0.05). As a result, there was a significant difference in endomorph (p = 0.000) and mesomorph (p = 0.035) of the groups. Significant differences were observed between the endomorph of 13 km runners compared with 30 km (p = 0.003), 66 km (p = 0.002) and 100 km (p = 0.005) runners. It was found that those who run 13 km had more mass than those who run 30, 60 and 100 km, and as the distance increased, the endomorph and mesomorph values decreased, and the long-distance running athletes had a more linear physical structure. In Ultra Trail runs the somatotype differs according to the distance, and it can be said that the somatotype mesomorphic-ectomorph as the performance time and distance increases. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
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