 Subjects -> SPORTS AND GAMES (Total: 199 journals)
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- Adaptation of Team Identification Scale for Turkish Athletes: A Validity
and Reliability Test
Authors: Abdullah GÜMÜŞAY
Pages: 1 - 10
Abstract: Abstract: This research aims to adapt the "Team Identification Scale" for the Turkish Culture and Sports field for athletes. The sample group of the study consists of a total of 216 people, 103 female and 113 male professional volleyball players who compete in various league categories in Turkey. The measurement tool was applied to athletes who volunteered to participate in the research. The 5-point Likert scale was utilized in the assessment of expressions of the scale. In addition to descriptive statistics such as arithmetic means, standard deviation, frequency, percentage the skewness and kurtosis values were examined for the multivariate normal distribution in the data analysis process. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to test the construct validity of the scale. To test the reliability of the scale, total item correlation values and Cronbach's Alpha coefficients were examined. CFA results show that the scale maintains its single-factor structure (Chi-Square/sd=1.32, RMSEA=0.039, RMR=0.021, SRMR=0.030, NFI=0.98, NNFI=0.99, CFI=1.00, GFI=0.99, AGFI=0.96). The internal consistency coefficient of the scale is calculated as 733. As a result, it can be stated that the scale that was adapted to Turkish culture as the "Team Identification Scale for Athletes" is a valid and reliable measurement tool to estimate the identification levels of athletes with their teams. Keywords: Team, Athletes, Team Identification, Validity and Reliability.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Metabolic Intensity and Stepping Cadence for Middle-Aged and Older Adults
During Competitive Mixed-Teams Walking Football
Authors: Daniel P Heil, Robert U. Newton, Dee Dee A. Salle
Pages: 11 - 20
Abstract: Walking football is a new sport popular with middle-aged and older adults, but relatively little is known about the determinants of metabolic intensity while playing. This study was designed to measure and compare the average metabolic equivalent (MET) – a measure of metabolic intensity – and walking cadence (WC) with established thresholds associated with a moderate intensity. Specifically, it was hypothesized that average intensity would be ≥3.0 METs and WC ≥100 steps/min during competitive walking football matches. Quantitative observational data were collected during a tournament that included all members of four participating teams (22 women and 20 men) representing Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore – (Mean±SD; 51±11 years old, 27.3±5.2 kg/m2 BMI). Participants wore a neoprene waist pack with an accelerometry-based activity monitor (AM) that collected and summarized accelerometry data every 60 seconds. After the tournament, the data were downloaded to a computer and transformed into average METs and WC for each minute of game play. Mean METs and WC values for all players of each match were compared to their moderate intensity thresholds (i.e., 3.0 METs and 100 steps/min, respectively) using one-sample t-tests and a Bonferroni adjusted alpha of 0.006. Lastly, the linear relationship between METs and WC was evaluated using linear regression. Mean METs for each match (3.2-3.9 METs) either met or exceeded the 3.0 METs threshold (P<0.006) as hypothesized, but mean WC of 44-63 steps/min were all significantly lower than the 100 steps/min threshold. The correlation between METs and WC for all matches was moderately strong (R=0.78; P<0.001). These results support the premise that competitive walking football is played at moderate intensity (or higher) in middle-aged and older adults. The unexpected lower walking cadence values, however, suggest that further research is warranted to understand the determinants of metabolic and cardiovascular intensity when playing this sport.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- An Alkalizing Nutrition Supplement That Positively Influences Measures of
Health and Aerobic Performance
Authors: Daniel P Heil, Eric C. Fritz, Joseph S. Hilpert, Ricky J. Miller, Wade R. Robinson, Wei Zhu
Pages: 21 - 37
Abstract: A previously studied alkalizing nutrition supplement (ANS) was shown to positively influence both anaerobic performance and submaximal exercise capacity, but the influence of this ANS on aerobic performance is less understood. This study tested whether ingestion of the same ANS would influence measures of submaximal and maximal aerobic performance. Twenty-eight participants (16 men, 12 women) performed two incrementally graded treadmill exercise tests to volitional exhaustion using a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design. After a 7-day loading phase of either placebo or AlkaPlex®-based ANS tablets (1 tablet/22.7 kg body mass), participants completed a treadmill test that included standardized moderate (MI) and high intensity (HI) submaximal stages for measures of steady-state heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate (BL), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The submaximal test at HI was continued to volitional exhaustion with successive 1-min stages to measure maximal HR (HRMAX) and RER (RERMAX), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX), and time-to-exhaustion (TTE). Measures of blood pH, bicarbonate, and base excess were also determined for the same testing time points. Two-factor repeated measures ANOVA were used to detect difference by condition (ANS versus placebo tablets) and time point of the measurement with post-hoc planned contrasts (α=0.05). Measures of HR, BL, and RPE were significantly lower (P=0.02-0.001) for the ANS condition, while RERMAX (+0.06), BLMAX (+1.1 mmol/dl), VO2MAX (+1.44 ml/kg/min), and TTE (+0.6 minutes) were all significantly higher (P=0.02-0.002) for the ANS tablet condition. Lastly, blood pH was higher at rest and post-exercise while bicarbonate was non-significantly higher at all measures for the ANS tablet condition. The 7-day ingestion of ANS tablets had small-moderate positive ergogenic effects on submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise test measures, as well as significantly higher blood pH values. These effects are like those described for use of alkalizing agents (but without side effects) and alkaline-promoting diets.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on the Endurance Exercises Heart Rate and
Heart Rate Recovery
Authors: Sercan ÖNCEN, Serkan Aydın
Pages: 38 - 44
Abstract: This experimental study aimed to examine the effect of fasting throughout the month of Ramadan month on Heart Rate (HR) during endurance exercise and Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) after exercise. 27 participants were included in the study. The participants were separated into two groups as the experimental group fasting before the experimental study(F; n: 13; 20,22 ± 1,58 years; 179,84 ± 5,99 cm, body weight 7169 ± 8,48 kg; BMI 22,12 ± 1,91) and the non-fasting control group (NF; n:14; 19,64 ± 1,15 years; 182,42 ± 3,79 cm, body weight 72,20 ± 4,75 kg; BMI 21,64 ± 1,50). In the experimental study, the HR (min.beats) during the endurance exercise of 5,000 m and HRR (min.beats) values after the exercise of the F and NF groups were recorded by using a heart rate monitor (Polar V800, Lake Success, NY, USA),which records once per second. Descriptive statistics and an independent sample t-test were used in the statistical analysis. During the endurance exercise, there was no significant difference in terms of HR between the participants of F and NF (p>0,05). By the end of the endurance exercise, there was a significant difference over the HRR in the 1st minute (p=0.018; t=2,505 p<0,05) and in the 2nd minute (p=0.031; t=2.270 p<0,05) within F. There was no difference between these two groups in terms of HRR in the 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes. While fasting has no positive or negative effects on HR during endurance exercises, it has a restrictive effect in the first minutes of HRR after exercise.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Validity and Reliability Study of "Sports Manager Behavior Scale" in
Sports Manager Education
Authors: Abdurrahman Kepoglu, Mehmet Bayansalduz
Pages: 45 - 56
Abstract: This study analyzes the validity and reliability of the sports manager behavior scale in sports manager training. The sample group consists of students studying in the second, third, and fourth grades of the Department of Sports Management of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Uşak University. We collected the data via delivering electronic link. Four factors emerged in analyzing the principal factors performed with the varimax rotation method to test the scale's construct validity. We observe that these four factors account for 53.627% of the variance. Thus, they explain the total variance in the items and the majority of the variance related to the scale and the four factors revealed by the analysis. The internal consistency reliability analysis value calculated with Cronbach Alpha is α = 0.87. The scale developed with this study is suggestible in its validity and reliability dimensions.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- The Effect of the Achievement Motivations on Sport Character An
Investigation on Elite Athletes
Authors: Yasin Yildiz, Fatih Dinc
Pages: 57 - 64
Abstract: Bu çalışmada, Türk Milli Takımlarının farklı branşlarındaki elit sporcuların spor karakter yönelimlerinin başarı motivasyonları açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma için veri elde etmek için iki ölçek kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların spor karakterini ölçmek için Chang-Yong Jang (2013) tarafından geliştirilen ve Görült ve Tuncel (2017) tarafından Türkçe'ye uyarlanan “Spor Karakter Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların başarı motivasyonunu ölçmek için Willis (1982) tarafından geliştirilen ve Tiryaki ve Gödelek (1997) tarafından Türkçe'ye uyarlanan “Spora Özgü Başarı Motivasyon Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizlerinde SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler, normallik testleri, korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Demografik bulgulara göre, Çalışmaya katılan 223 sporcunun çoğunluğu erkek sporculardı (% 70.9). Sporcuların çoğunluğu (% 54,7) 21-24 yaşları arasında,% 79,8'i takım sporlarına ilgi duyuyordu; % 43,5'i 4-6 yaş arası milli sporculardı. Ayrıca sporcuların çoğunluğu (% 33,2) en iyi Balkan Sıralamasına sahipti. Normallik testi sonuçları, değişkenlerin çarpıklık-basıklık katsayılarının ± 3.0 arasında olduğunu ve normal dağılım gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Değişkenlerin ortalaması “2.54” ila “4.17” idi; standart sapma "0.55" ile "1 arasındaydı. 02 ”. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçları, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir (p <0.01). Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma spor karakteri ile “özgüven”, “başarıya ulaşma nedeni” arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. “Güç güdüsü” ve “dış faktör yaklaşımı”. Ayrıca, “başarıya ulaşma nedeni” ve “güç saikinin” spor karakterini yaklaşık% 38 oranında yordadığı görülmüştür.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Examining the relationship between healthy nutrition and performance
enhancing attitudes of team and individual athletes
Authors: Deniz Öztürk
Pages: 65 - 75
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between healthy nutrition habits and performance enhancing attitudes of team and individual athletes. Three hundred-seventy active healthy athletes (169 female, 201 male) aged 18 and over, engaged in team and individuals sports participated in this study voluntarily. The Healthy Nutrition Attitude Scale, developed by Demir and Cicioglu (2019), was used to determine athletes' attitudes related to health nutrition. The attitude levels of the athletes regarding performance enhancement were determined with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale, which was developed by Petroczi and Aidman (2009), and adapted to Turkish language by Yıldız and Toros (2018). The level of positive nutrition, the level of attitude towards malnutrition, and the general attitude level towards healthy nutrition (HNA: total score) of men athletes were high statistically significantly higher than women athletes (p<0.05). The information on nutrition level, emotion for nutrition level, positive nutrition level, malnutrition level, healthy nutrition attitude level (HNA: total score), and performance enhancement attitude level were determined to be statistically significantly superior than non-national athletes (p<0.05). It was determined that athletes whose best rating was the International Championship had significantly better in positive nutrition, malnutrition, and healthy nutrition attitude level (HNA: total score) than athletes whose best rating was the Turkey Championship (p<0.05). It was observed that the sub-dimension scores of athletes' healthy nutrition attitudes had a descriptive effect on the performance enhancement attitude level (%1.9, r2= .019)), but this effect was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). There is a need for more studies and training sessions for athletes on sports nutrition and problems related to the use of performance enhancing supplements, and also it is very important that the psychological processes and emotional states of the athletes are managed well by both themselves and their trainers, especially before the competition periods.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Leadership Skills of Secondary School Students Who Play Sports and Do Not
Authors: fuat orkun tapşın, Elif KARAGÜN
Pages: 76 - 85
Abstract: The purpose of the research is to examine the leadership skills of secondary school students studying in Adapazarı Central District of Sakarya Province according to whether they play sports or not. After obtaining permissions from the Ethics Committee and Adapazarı District Directorate of National Education, 11 secondary schools selected by cluster sampling method from 18 secondary schools that constitute the research universe were visited and the purpose of the descriptive research was explained to the 5th, 6th ,7th and 8 th grade students. The information questionnaire and the leadership scale that Cansoy and Turan adapted to Turkish was applied to 1,030 students who wanted to participate in the research voluntarily. Since the data showed normal distribution in the analyzes, independent samples t-test was used for binary cluster comparisons, and variance analysis for more than two cluster comparisons. Leadership skills of secondary school students were found significantly high in favour of those who play sports, especially those who are licensed and engaged in individual sports, and who have someone playing sports in their family.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Dynamics of the Physical Condition of Children during Primary Education
Authors: Tetiana Sydorchuk
Pages: 86 - 95
Abstract: The article presents changes of physical state of children under the influence of studying in elementary school. The purpose of the study was to determine the dynamics of children physical condition during primary education in order to find ways to improve the effectiveness of physical education. Materials and instruments: 558 children, including 288 boys and 270 girls, have taken part in the study from first to fourth grade. The study was being conducted during 2016-2019 years at educational institutions of Dnipropetrovsk region (Ukraine) (schools №№ 28, 33, 35, 66). Anthropometric measurements included body length, body weight and chest circumference. The following tests were used to assess physical fitness: 30-meters run, 4x9-meters shuttle run, 1000-meters run, long jump, abdominal strength & endurance, tilt forward, push ups. Measurements were made in the end of every academic year. Statistical analysis covered determination of mean, standard deviation, reliability of the differences in average values (Student`s t-test) and the growth rate of physical qualities (by the Brody`s formula). Results: indicators of physical development correspond to norms. The increase in physical fitness indicators of children slows down by the end of primary education. It can be partly explained by the irrational organization of physical education. Study results provide a basis to learn foreign experience of transformation of physical education system at schools. Conclusions: Studying of positive foreign experience allowed us to choose ways for developing and implementing new approaches to organizing the system of physical culture and health work at schools.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES OF AEROBIC REGIME ON INCREASING THE
BIO-ENERGY SYSTEM AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS
Authors: Vladimir Ilych Sivakov
Pages: 96 - 101
Abstract: Annotation The purpose of the study: the study of aerobic physical activity of physical exercises on the bioenergy energy centers and functional state of students. Material and methods: analysis of scientific-methodical literature, the quantum method, ascertaining experiment, analysis and synthesis of information, methods of mathematical statistics. The heart rate monitor.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF A PHYSICAL
EDUCATION TEACHER WHILE MASTERING FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Valeriy Zhamardiy
Pages: 102 - 114
Abstract: In the article the development and experimental check of psychological and pedagogical aspects of activity of the teacher of physical training during mastering of fitness technologies was carried out. It was found that all the competencies of a physical education teacher are closely interconnected, interdependent and are part of the methodological system of application of fitness technologies in the educational physical education process of students. Depending on their ratio, as well as the degree of their specific combination in the educational process, an individual style of professional activity of the teacher is formed. To this end, during the research and experimental work, a questionnaire was developed, which provided for the definition of general and professional competencies in teachers of physical education departments. During the research and experimental work, the level of formation of professional and pedagogical knowledge, skills and abilities of teachers of physical education departments was determined. One of the important reasons that reduces the effectiveness of the professional activity of a physical education teacher is the lack of special knowledge, skills and abilities to apply fitness technologies in physical education process. On the basis of the conducted experimental work it is found out that the urgent need of teachers of departments of physical education is to improve the level of formation of special knowledge, skills and abilities related to the use of fitness technology. In the process of research and experimental work the attitude of teachers of physical education departments to fitness technologies and their application in physical education process of was studied.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- Investigation of Alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) Gene Polymorphism in Bodybuilding
Athletes: The Case of Samsun Province in Turkey
Authors: Bade Yamak
Pages: 115 - 125
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the polymorphism of the alpha-actinin-3 gene in bodybuilding athletes and their sports performance. In the context of the study, 35 bodybuilding athletes living in Samsun province of Turkey participated in the study voluntarily. DNA isolation was carried out at the Black Sea Advanced Technology and Research Center. The study results suggested that there was no statistically significant difference between RR, RX, and XX genotype distributions of national bodybuilding athletes and non-national bodybuilding athletes (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between body weights, maximum bench press, and the sports experience of nationals and non-nationals (p<0.05). Consequently, it was concluded that national and non-national bodybuilding athletes did not have any significant differences between the RR genotype, XX genotype, and RX genotype. We suggest that trainers choose the athletes who have the RR and RX gene during the selection of professional athletes.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- An Evaluation of School Directors’ Organizational Creativity and
Managerial Effectiveness
Authors: Timucin Özkan, Aytac Tokel, Tugrul Gunay
Pages: 144 - 150
Abstract: Technology is gradually becoming a crucial factor in reaching educational targets. A person undertaking managerial responsibilities should posses managerial efficiency characteristics and exhibit them as well. The critical thinking process exists in all affective and intellectual activities as well as in every study and effort. Creativity is assumed as a process at the end of which an original product is created. It also inludes flexibility, multi-sided thinking, sensitivity, interest in human beings, and rationalism. This study was carried out to evaluate secondary school directors’ views about their organizational creativity and managerial efficiencies. In other words, The aim of this research is to investigate school directors’ efficiencies in organizational creativity and managementl through the specified sub-problems and determine the connection between managerial efficiency and organizational creativity. The research was carried out through the qulitative method, which is based on an interdisciplinary holistic view in interpreting the research question. The facts and events are interpreted in their context in terms of people’s understnading, also Semi-structured interview questions were used to increase the reliability of the study. Face-to-face interviews were given to 18 secondary school Directors and Asst. Directors in a qualitative method. The data were recorded on the computer and then analysed through content analysis, one of qualitative research techniques. The main aim in a content analysis is to reach concepts and connections to help the explanation of the data. Questions written in advance were subjected to a content analysis so as to open way to redo the study. The findings in this research revealed that the directors who supported common decision-making and collaboration exhibited suffcient managerail efficiency. Physical and infrastructure shortages in secondary education causes in equality in education. The most crucial factors in achieving school targerts, needed to be constantly trained in technological, humanity and conceptual dimensionskills of management science before and after undertaking their positions.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
- NON-STANDARD SPORTS EQUIPMENT AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF STIMULATING MOTOR
ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOLERS
Authors: Valeriy Zhamardiy
Pages: 151 - 161
Abstract: The article raises the issue of finding ways to preserve and strengthen the physical health of preschool children, increasing the resistance of the protective forces of the child's body, improving the motor regime of preschool education and identifying conditions that ensure its activation. Theoretical and methodical bases of activization of motor activity of children of preschool age in the conditions of institution of preschool education by means of the non-standard physical training equipment are generalized, features and parameters of motor activity of children of senior preschool age are covered. The offered article contains the analysis of results of experimental research of stimulation of motor activity of preschool children by means of the non-standard sports equipment. It is established that to diversify work on physical education in preschool institutions it is possible at the expense of use by teachers of the non-standard physical culture equipment, which contributes to the development of physical and moral qualities, improving the functioning of organs and systems of the body, strengthening muscles, and most importantly contributes to maintaining and improving the health of preschool children. The effectiveness of the influence of such types of non-standard sports equipment on the increase of motor activity of older preschool children was proven. The examples of such equipment are: equipment for training children in crawling, climbing, stepping and jumping over barriers, to develop dexterity, accuracy, flexibility, balance, coordination of movements and spatial perception; arm muscle strengthening equipment; for the development of sensory, fine motor skills; equipment for prevention and correction of flat feet; simulators for respiratory gymnastics, etc.
PubDate: 2021-02-20
Issue No: Vol. 10, No. 2 (2021)
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