 Subjects -> SPORTS AND GAMES (Total: 199 journals)
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- EDITORIAL General Notions About the Integrated Computer System for
Researching Biomotrocity Parameters at the Young Population from Romania
– Biomotric
Authors: NISR
Pages: 7 - 11
Abstract: National Institute for Sport Research, Bucharest
Corespondence: NISR (e-mail: office@sportscience.ro)
PubDate: 2021-04-22
- Strength Capacity and Body Mass Index Evaluation of Swimmers
Authors: ThaÃs Miriã da Silva Santos, Tânia Plens Shecaira, Giovanna Carolina Bueno, Henrique de Lima Santos, VinÃcius Gonçalves de Assis, Vinicius Barroso Hirota, Nathalia Bernardes
Pages: 12 - 26
Abstract: Purpose. Muscle strength is an important component of physical ability. In
sports such as swimming, this physical capacity has been increasingly evident
in training programs, thus becoming important for the performance of aquatic
practices. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the strength
capacity and the body mass index (BMI) of swimmers. Methods. For this, 20
swimmers of both sexes with a mean age of 38 ± 2 years were evaluated. The
handgrip strength (HS) was assessed using a dynamometer and weight and
height for calculating BMI. Results. There were no differences in BMI be- tween genders (men (M): 25±1 kg./cm2; women (W): 24±0.9.kg./cm2. Men
had a higher HS (M: 42±2; W: 29 ± 2 kgf.) There was no correlation between
the HS and the BMI of the swimmers (M: r: 0.44; p: 0.19; W: r: 0.34, p:
0.30). However, the behavior of the relation of the variables differs between
the sexes, in men the HS is higher according to a lower BMI, and in women,
the HS is higher according to a higher BMI. referring to HS (M: 8.0±0.2;
W: 8.4±0.6). Conclusions. Thus, the results of the present study show that
the handgrip strength in swimmers is greater in males and does not present
correlation with BMI, however it is possible to observe a different behavior
between HS and BMI between genders, in men the relationship behavior is
negative and in women the relationship behavior is positive.
PubDate: 2021-04-22
- Using Dance Therapy Among High School Students and its Effects on
Motivational Persistence in Students 14-18 Aged
Authors: Vari Hanna, Emilia Florina Grosu, Grosu Vlad Teodor, Boancă Virgil, Toader Florian
Pages: 27 - 41
Abstract: Purpose: We live in a world where not only adults but also children and
adolescents are subjected to stressful factors surrounding them such as demanding
school responsibilities, a familiar environment that is difficult to
bear, negative feelings or self-confidence, biological changes. Methods:
the research took place over a period of 6 months, 2016 Sept.-2017 Feb., at
“George Bariţiu†High School, Cluj-Napoca. Scale of Motivational Persistence
(SPM), this test evaluates motivational persistence, a person’s ability
to resist motivationally in the sense of achieving the assumed goal. Results:
statistically significant differences between the two groups were not observed
in the statistical analysis of the subjects’ age values for non-paired samples in
either of the two time periods studied. In contrast, statistically significant differences
between the two time points were observed in the statistical analysis for pairs, due to the proposed and applied intervention program. The statistically
significant difference between the two lots (p<0.05) at time T1 and
statistically significant differences between the two groups was observed in
statistical analysis of unattained goals (RUP) p <0.001) at time T2. Conclusion:
The data showed that the practice of dancing allows pupils to develop
their potential and overcome their personal difficulties. In conclusion our hypothesis
was confirmed, and dance – therapy can be used to increase effects
of motivational perception.
PubDate: 2021-04-22
- Analysis of the Dynamics of the Basic Technical and Physical Training on
Uneven Bars in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics
Authors: Forminte Valerian Nicolae, Grosu Vlad Teodor, Micu Ramona, Cosma Liliana, Potop Vladimir
Pages: 42 - 56
Abstract: Purpose. This paper makes an analysis of the basic technical and physical
training on uneven bars in women’s artistic gymnastics. Methods. A study
was carried out in the Romanian national team of women’s artistic gymnastics,
with a group of 14 gymnasts aged 13-16. The study was conducted
from 2017 (initial testing) to 2018 (final testing). The physical training (PT)
was assessed by means of 10 physical tests and the basic technical training
(TT) by 8 tests. Performance capacity (PC) on uneven bars was monitored
in competitions too. Statistical analysis was made with KyPlot program, using
descriptive indicators and the parametric method Paired Comparison for
Means, at p<0.05. Results. The comparative analysis of PT indicators highlights
an improvement of muscle strength development and significant differences
at p<0.05 in holding a handstand (physical test - PT3), power handstand
(PT4), alternating one-legged squats (PT5), long jump (PT8) and push-ups (PT10). The comparative analysis results of basic TT indicators reveal an
improved execution in final testing at p<0.001, p<0.01 and <0.05, except for
elements with flight phase on the same bar (technical test - TT4) - p>0.05.
The PC results highlight the elements difficulty increase (p<0.05), the execution
decrease, the final score increase and p>0.05. Conclusions. The use of a
physical training program (per muscle groups, both in the first and the second
training) and preparatory exercises for each technical requirement on uneven
bars showed the dynamics of muscle groups strength development according
to the results obtained in competitions.
PubDate: 2021-04-22
- Teacher Physical Education Major Factor in Motivating Pupils
Authors: Ervis Peza, Edlira Huqi1
Pages: 57 - 68
Abstract: Abstract
Introduction: Motivation is closely related to creating an active attitude and
ensures more active involvement of pupils in the learning process, where it
increases the security of the individual’s vital involvement in general physical
education activities. This requires the teacher to look for more innovative
methods to ensure that students are actively involved in the learning organization
process. The purpose of this paper review is to analyze literature in
the field of teaching psychology as well as from the field of teaching, with
a spectrum related to their motives, attitudes and connections with teacher
strategies, to provide an analysis with conclusions on the most appropriate
ways which would help improve the active involvement of pupils in physical
education. Methodology: In order to fulfill this review are using methods
of literature analysis, and is made combination and comparison of data from
various works and projects of authors varied. To successfully realize this
review paper we studied and analyzed the contemporary scientific literature
provided by various Internet-based research sectors such as: “Jab Ref†“Pub
Med†“Google Scholar†“Medline†“Sports Discuss†and “Research Gateâ€.
The methods used are: literature analysis, physical activity statistics, conclusions
and recommendations. Conclusions and recommendations: all the literature
used can be clearly seen the importance of understanding motivation,
and the factors on which it depends on the teacher. The purpose of physical
education, ie the concept of physical education class has changed radically in all developed countries. Modern physical education should aim at strengthening
personal traits, in preparing for an active lifestyle not only at school, but
throughout life.
PubDate: 2021-04-22
- Strategies Used in the Stage of Learning to Swim
Authors: Andrei Bitang, Anca Macarie, Corina Dulceanu, Viorel Bitang
Pages: 69 - 80
Abstract: Introduction: The reasons that determined me to approach the topic of this
paper is the importance of the correct mastery of swimming from an early
age, the formation of the mentality of practicing sports in general and swimming
in particular and the maintenance of optimal fitness. Purpose: The
present study aims at theoretical and experimental research on the very important
role of swimming means used in the initiation stage in children aged
5-7 years. Thus, we tried to achieve a systematization of the most effective
means of learning to swim, Increasing the efficiency of the preparation of
the educational instructional process requires the establishment of precise
finalities, of a well-objectified and optimized action system as well as the
choice of the most efficient methods and means of action. Methodology: The
establishment of training models as well as the judicious use of the most efficient
methods and means specific and non-specific to swimming must lead
to the following tasks: - appropriate mastery of the basic technical elements
of swimming (floating, sliding, breathing) as well as the craul swimming
process, - increasing the minimum motor qualities, - demonstration of the
validity of the methods used and the applicability of some tests in order to
follow the qualitative development of the motor qualities. Results. I consider
that the focus on the technical component of sports training, especially at this
age, when the psycho-physiological peculiarities of the subjects allow motor
acquisitions, high receptivity, plasticity of the nervous system. the basic technical
elements of swimming and the craul swimming process over a distance
of 25m. Following the evolution of the arithmetic mean, we can interpret it as
follows: the arithmetic mean of the sample included in the research has 3.93 points in the initial test, increasing it to 5.07 points in the intermediate test.
There is a progress of 1.14 points. At the final test the average of the sample
is 6.91 points, so we can see an improvement in performance by 2.88 points
from the initial test. Following the evolution of amplitude (W), the simplest
statistical indicator, we can see that if at the beginning of the experiment, the
difference between the subjects’ scores was 2.70 points, it is reduced to
2.30 points in the intermediate test, that in the end it reaches 2.11 points.
Conclusion. These results show that the value differences between the subjects
fade, the subjects mastering the basic elements in swimming and the
craul swimming process. Following the evolution of the standard deviation,
we observe the same homogenization of the results in the investigated sample.
Analyzing the evolution of the variability coefficient, we observe in this
case the tendency to homogenize the value of the subjects from the point of
view of recorded performances.
PubDate: 2021-04-23
- Comparative Study on Multi-Joint and Single-Joint Exercises in
Bodybuilding Economics
Authors: Vlad Adrian Geanta, Julien Narcis Herlo
Pages: 81 - 92
Abstract: Introduction. A relevant aspect of bodybuilding is that each person wants
to improve muscle mass, or remove adipose tissue and build muscle, but this
can only be done through a specific training program. The purpose of this
current research is to make a comparative study between MJ and SJ exercises,
and to see if through specific training routines, the subjects can achieve
the proposed objectives, muscular hypertrophy or weight loss. Methods. The
study was carried out on a number of 30 subjects divided in two groups with
specific trainings methods. To obtain specific results, we will develop 2 training
routines, one routine for hypertrophy based on multi-joint exercises, and
one for weight loss based on single-joint exercises. These training structures
will be consistent with the specific objectives, in terms of load used, number
of repetitions and rest break. Results. Following the experiment, we recorded
a series of significant results, regarding the HMM group, respectively the DM
group. The most representative increases were recorded in the chest muscle
from HMM group, with an increase of 5.86%. The smallest increase was on
the chest on DM group, -2.57%, and in the thighs the highest of -4.15%. Conclusions.
The hypothesis works to confirm, this allows us to affirm that it is
possible as through a predetermined program with multi-joint exercises, and
a program with single-joint exercises combined with cardio routines, subjects
accumulate muscle mass, or lose weight by reducing the perimeters of body
segments, to reach the desired physical shape.
PubDate: 2021-04-23
- Exercise Interventions on Balance in Older People: a Systematic Review
Authors: Vânia Azevedo Ferreira Brandão Loureiro, Carlos Paixão, Estefania Castillo-Viera
Pages: 93 - 122
Abstract: Introduction: Age-related changes in the sensorimotor and neuromuscular
system negatively affect performance in static and dynamic postural control
even in healthy older adults, leading to deficits in balance and gait performance
with negatively impact on the functional ability of the older person.
Regular exercise can elicit many favourable responses that contribute to balance
improvement. Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to
present evidence for effectiveness of exercise interventions designed to improve
balance in healthy older people. Methods: The studies were identified
from four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Sportdiscus)
from January 2011 to January 2020. A total of 17 articles meet the
inclusion criteria. Results: Statistically significant effects were reported for
static and dynamic balance, translated into several balance abilities improve-ments. The most used type of exercise was the gait, balance and functional
training, followed by the strength/resistance training. There is a lack of consensus
regarding to balance programs methodology. Conclusion: Exercise
appears to have beneficial effects on balance ability. We considered fundamental
that the studies should include the specifications of the intervention
program regarding to intensity control, exercises performed, guidelines used
in the balance exercises and the exercise progression and variation during
training. This information will help instructors to provided validated routine
exercises.
PubDate: 2021-04-23
- Development of Motor Qualities Through the Specific Means of Gymnastics
Authors: Denis Petran
Pages: 123 - 136
Abstract: Introduction: The study entitled “Development of motor skills through specific
means of gymnastics†refers mainly to the specific means of artistic
gymnastics used by the physical education teacher for physical training and
development of motor skills of high school students considering that gymnastics
discipline is one of the most important parts of the physical education
class in school. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the progress made in
increasing the level of motor skills by using the means of artistic gymnastics
and to present the effectiveness of these means in physical education. The
experiment was performed at the Vasile GoldiÅŸ National College Arad for an
interval of 6 months between January 15, 2019 and July 15, 2019. The classes
subjected to the experiment were from the 5th A and 5th C classes from the
above mentioned unit, 48 female students and boys between the ages of 11
and 12. The 5th A class comprises 23 students, of which 13 girls and 10 boys,
and the 5th C class comprises 25 students, of which 14 girls and 11 boys. Both
classes were subjected to the same group of tests at both the initial determination
at the beginning of the experiment and the final one. The experiment
consisted in applying a set of exercises to the experimental group, ie to class
V A, different from the one applied to the control group, class V C. The research
methods used were: bibliographic study, observation method, survey,
experiment method, test method and statistical-mathematical method. Tests
applied in the expermient: 1.Shuttle; 2. Lumbar mobility; 3. The bridge; 4.
Antero-posterior cord; 5. Long jump from the spot; 6. Trunk lifts from supine
to sitting and back. Results The average values obtained by the experimental class in the tests were are following: - Shuttle I.T =11,96 ± 0,64 and to F.T
= 11,69 ± 0,64; - Lumbar Mobility I.T = 49,3 ± 8 and to F.T = 55,43 ± 5,6;
- Bridge I.T = 46 ± 10,4 and to F.T = 43 ± 11,2; - Split A-P I.T = 17,6 ± 9,4
and to F.T=14,8 ± 9,5; - Jump in length from sport I.T= 163 ± 8,7 and to F.T
= 169 ± 5,5; -Abdomen I.T = 21 ± 4,2 and to F.T = 22 ± 4,4. Compared to
those of the control class : - Shuttle I.T = 13,03 ± 0,85 and to F.T = 12,88 ±
0,78: - Lumbar Mobility I.T = 53,28 ± 6,32 and to F.T = 54,32 ± 6,04; -Bridge
I.T = 50,8 ± 8,9 and to F.T = 50,1 ± 9,3; - Split A-P I.T = 23,6 ± 8,2 and to
F.T = 23 ± 9,2; -Jump in the length I.T = 158 ± 7,8 and to F.T = 159 ± 7,3;
- Abdomen I.T = 23 ± 4,6 and to F.T = 23 ± 4,8. The research conducted,
through which we aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of gymnastics in
the physical education lesson in middle school classes, was confirmed, as can
be deduced from the comparative table of results obtained, set out in the research
annexes. Conclusions: Following the study, we can conclude that the
means of gymnastics, used intensively in physical education classes, along
with traditional means, increase students’ attendance, increase their attractiveness,
create a motivational framework for conscious and active participation
of students, contributing largely to increase the level of development of
motor skills in physical education lessons. Given the results obtained, we
recommend physical education teachers in primary and secondary school to
introduce in their lessons as many exercises and games specific to gymnastics
both for the harmonious physical development of students and for maintaining
their health and mental relaxation they need during school. In this way the
physical education lessons do not seem to be boring, they become pleasant,
attractive.
PubDate: 2021-04-23
- Contributions to the Technical Training of Handball Players Specialized in
the Wing Post
Authors: Andrei Răzvan Bernicu , Mihăilă Ion, Mihăilescu Nicolae
Pages: 137 - 146
Abstract: Aim: The level of performance achieved at the current stage, both internationally
and internally, is very high and can only be achieved by players
whose performance capability is particularly high and steadily increasing.
The field of game technology has expanded a lot. Increasing the spectacularity
of this game, coupled with its spread across the continents, has had
repercussions on the organization of handball at junior level. New methods
have emerged, which performance players perform with high craftsmanship,
doubled by special physical qualities. Methodology : the experiment took
place between September 2016- Juin 2017, in the city of Suceava, with 3
players specialized on the wing position from the under 18 team Suceava
Sports High School. During this period the team maintained its regular training
program, the wings following our proposed program to analyze its effect
on improving the tracking parameters. We estimate that using efficient means
of action and adapting them to the post of the wing player will increase the
performance of the game and individual value to handball players specializing
in the wing. Results: the mean results recorded at the technical level,
show good differences between initial test (IT) and final test (FT): - dribling
among the rounds: IT= 6,21±0,009 sec., and FT= 5,80±0,02 sec.; - passing in
two out of the way: IT= 5,16±0,005 sec., and FT= 4,80±0,01 sec.; - triangle
shift, gate throw: IT= 12,48±0,01 and FT= 12,0±0,01, show a breakthrough
in all the sustained samples and the statistical analysis demonstrates a homogeneity
of the research group. Given the importance of the “wing†role in organizing and directing the field play in this paper, I presented the tasks
in the post, determined by the action areas and the contribution in the attack
phases. Conclusions: we can assert that the hypothesis from which I left
is confirmed and the purposes of the work have been achieved. I think the
study has achieved its goal by showing: optimization of the training, due to
the selected means of action, the fulfillment of the tasks of the wings in the
post, resulting from the registration of the actions in the attack, as well as the
efficiency in their areas of action, as revealed by the research.
PubDate: 2021-04-23
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