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Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Authors:Leslie Gordon Simons, Alyssa L. Brown Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Although there has been an increased focus on identifying causes of delinquency among girls, this is still a relatively understudied area of research, particularly among young women of color and those on the economic margins. Past research has identified economic disadvantage, exposure to maltreatment, and lack of positive parental supervision as antecedents in the development of delinquency, with family factors being especially influential for girls. There has been less attention on how these factors combine to produce a developmental cascade. The current study addresses this gap by implementing the family stress model, a conceptual paradigm that emphasizes the impact of economic hardship on family processes and, ultimately, youth outcomes. We address the study hypotheses with prospective, longitudinal data from a sample of Black girls (N = 421) from two-caregiver and single-mother families. Results demonstrate support for the family stress model in both household types. Specifically, economic stress was associated with an increase in caregivers’ psychological distress, conflict between caregivers, and disrupted parenting, which was, in turn, associated with increased delinquent behavior. The current study adds to the literature on the negative effects of economic hardship on families and youth by illustrating how economic stress indirectly influences girls’ delinquent behavior through its detrimental impact on family processes. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-05-27T11:10:35Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221104963
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Authors:Makeela J. Wells Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Initiatives have been implemented to reduce the federal sentencing disparity between crack and powder cocaine offenses. The current study investigated the impact of the Fair Sentencing Act 2010 (FSA) on sentencing outcomes for females convicted of federal cocaine offenses. Specifically, the study examined the influence of race, ethnicity, and drug-related factors on presentence detention, downward departures, and sentence length before and after FSA. Using federal sentencing data, results revealed a substantial decrease in the number of crack cocaine offenses and average sentence length after FSA. Additionally, results revealed that there were racial and ethnic differences in sentencing outcomes. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-05-22T02:19:23Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221098034
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Authors:Joselyne L. Chenane, Melissa S. Morabito, Teresa Irene Gonzales Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. We explored how highly educated and middle-class Kenyan female immigrants perceive their encounters with the police in the United States, including the decision to access the criminal justice system in response to their victimization. We found a positive correlation between perceptions of procedural justice and cooperation among Kenyan women immigrants. Conversely, prior victimization was inversely associated with help-seeking among these women. When Kenyan female immigrants perceived high police effectiveness in dealing with IPV, they were more likely to feel obligated to obey the U.S. police. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-05-12T01:11:32Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221101144
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Authors:Erica Banks Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Black mothers have never fit the hegemonic white standard of motherhood. The bad mother narrative has been superimposed on Black women through controlling images. Through in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated Black mothers, I demonstrate how formerly incarcerated Black women invert controlling images through how they frame their mothering choices. Their reframing of their mothering choices reveals that formerly incarcerated Black mothers have mothering practices that entail good mothering and goes beyond the white imaginary. These mothering practices reveal a redefinition of motherhood that provides greater understanding of how formerly incarcerated Black mothers understand and make sense of their mothering choices. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-05-11T08:02:25Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221098374
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Authors:Carrie B. Sanders, Julie Gouweloos, Debra Langan Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Women are increasingly represented in policing; however, inclusion alone will not eradicate existing structural and cultural barriers to meaningful change. Insights from interviews with ninety-one Canadian women police of varied rank and tenure, demonstrate women’s experiences of structured ambivalence as they strategically deploy and resist gendered policing narratives of the Brotherhood, Boys’ Club, and Sisterhood to negotiate their own ‘fit.’ In this way, they both challenge and reinforce gendered boundaries that create barriers to meaningful transformation. These findings demonstrate the need for change initiatives to address the complex and ever-shifting role of gender in policing organizations. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-05-03T06:46:19Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221098040
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Authors:Caitlin P. Carroll Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. The high rate of attrition in the processing of sexual violence cases within the criminal justice system has been framed as a “justice gap,” an institutional failure to get justice for victim-survivors. In this article, I analyze the processing of rape cases in the Swedish criminal justice system, one with a particularly high attrition rate. Drawing upon interviews with criminal justice professionals, I illuminate the inadequacy of the justice gap as a measure of victim-centered justice. Through policy reforms, the Swedish criminal justice system has instituted victim-centered practices that offer victim-survivors alternative forms of justice without increasing the prosecution rate. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-02-24T06:22:26Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851221077673
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Authors:Blake Beaton, Natalie Todak, John A. Shjarback Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. While research has identified four main police supervisory styles, it is unclear whether the framework accurately represents the supervisory styles of women. We explored the benefits of promoting women in policing and examined their supervisory styles, drawing on interviews with 38 ranking women. Participants attributed three benefits to promoting women – diversity, people-orientation, and conscientiousness. All 34 who described their supervisory style fell into one of the four previously identified categories. Most common was innovative (50%), then supportive (32%), traditional (12%), and active (6%). We link findings to calls for gender diversity up the ranks of law enforcement. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-01-30T09:35:53Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211066107
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Authors:Kayla M. Hoskins First page: 185 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Women’s agency to construct prosocial lives remains understudied in criminology. This qualitative inquiry explores the nature and outcomes of women’s personal projects, which reflect their agency. In up to five interviews, 401 women on probation and parole explained efforts to improve their lives. Psychological theory on personal projects guided analysis that revealed information on project meaning and facilitators and barriers to project pursuit. Women shared a motivation to avoid trouble and establish prosocial lives. Outcomes were improved by social support and prosocial opportunities. Findings have implications for defining and analyzing agency in desistance research and for correctional responses to women. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-01-07T05:18:40Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211064831
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Authors:Tara N. Richards, Callie Marie Rennison First page: 315 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print.
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Authors:Jennifer M. Gómez First page: 368 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Relevant for Title IX federal legislation, the purpose of the current study is to examine cultural betrayal (within-group perpetrator) and sexual harassment (SH) with other violence and racial discrimination on Black women undergraduates’ mental health. In a 60-minute online study (N = 162), over 50% experienced campus SH and other violence and/or racial discrimination, with multi-victimization being related to anxiety and other mental health outcomes. Cultural betrayal SH did not predict mental health when controlling for between-group SH. Implications include the 2019 Critical-Interdisciplinary Sexual Violence Research Summit’s comprehensive research agenda: Intersectional Approaches, Perpetration, Communications, Beyond Policy, and Sexual Violence and Equity. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2022-01-31T05:31:26Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062574
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Authors:Wendell C. Wallace, Malisa Neptune-Figaro Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Absent from the criminological literature on policing in the Caribbean are studies on female’s motivations to become police officers, studies using female police recruits and studies using a comparative approach. As a result of this gap, data were gathered from female police recruits in Jamaica (N = 37) and Trinidad and Tobago (N = 60) in July 2017 via a standardised, self-administered questionnaire in order to determine their motivations for entry into policing. The main motivation for female’s entry into policing in both jurisdictions was job security. Revenge and the desire for power and authority were the least cited motivations for entry into the police profession in both jurisdictions. The importance of females as police officers, study limitations and directions for future research are also discussed. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-14T08:38:09Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211058789
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Authors:Debra A. Love, Annie I. Fukushima, Tiana N. Rogers, Ethan Petersen, Ellen Brooks, Charles R. Rogers Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Limited research focuses on the nature of the lived experiences of women engaged in sex trafficking. This study employed qualitative methods of in-depth structured interviews with 10 convicted sex traffickers (ages 24–56; 100% identifying as female). Participants’ lived experiences revealed circumstances that led them to trafficking, specific needs, and the stigmatization they faced after exiting economies tied to trafficking. Inductive analysis yielded three key barriers to reintegration success: limited choice; negative labeling; and unmet physical, emotional, and social needs. These findings enhance understanding of the factors influencing the successful reintegration of convicted female sex traffickers into mainstream society. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-10-12T01:42:03Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211045042
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Authors:Sonia M. Frías Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. The killing of women in Mexico has attracted both national and international attention. Many of these homicides are regarded as feminicides, which are defined as the misogynistic killing of women for reasons of gender rooted in ideological and structural gender inequalities. This study examines changes and continuities in female homicides and femicides from 2001 to 2017 in indigenous and non-indigenous municipalities. Female homicides have increased at a higher rate than femicides, but the latter has increased at a higher rate in indigenous municipalities than in non-indigenous municipalities. This is associated with an increase in gender equality in a context of conflict and structural discrimination against indigenous peoples. Implications for future research and public interventions are discussed. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-07-09T05:14:31Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211029377
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Authors:Megan E. Steele, Tara E. Sutton, Alyssa Brown, Leslie G. Simons, Patricia Y. Warren First page: 163 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Using a sample of 291 Black women and a longitudinal study, we explore how general strain theory can broaden our understanding of Black women’s alcohol use and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Results demonstrated that racial discrimination, past IPV and sexual victimization, and family member’s victimization heightened depression, which increased heavy alcohol use. Discrimination and family victimization also elevated anger, leading to greater IPV perpetration. Results further revealed that depression and anger interacted to influence IPV. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers must continue to pursue culturally sensitive practices to effectively address this unique constellation of strains and advocate for the needs of Black women. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-23T04:02:07Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211065896
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Authors:David Cantón-Cortés, María Rosario Cortés, José Cantón First page: 206 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. This study aimed to propose and empirically test a model of the role of beliefs and emotions, self-destructive coping, and anxious attachment in the etiology of depression among a sample of 217 female survivors of child sexual abuse. The structural equation model showed a direct path from feelings of betrayal, self-destructive coping, and major anxious attachment to depression. The model also showed an indirect path (via self-destructive coping and anxious attachment) from feelings of powerlessness—particularly self-blame/stigma—to depression. The present results confirmed the existence of an explanatory model of depression risk in young adult women. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-10-08T03:46:59Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211044113
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Authors:Linsey A. Belisle, Emily J. Salisbury, Jaclyn Keen First page: 223 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. The current study is an outcome evaluation of the gender-responsive program, Girls...Moving On (GMO). Outcomes for treatment (n = 135) and control group (n = 135) participants reflected mixed findings, with no significant reductions in recidivism, which may have been due to problems with implementation. Nevertheless, girls who completed the program had significantly larger reductions in risk scores and increases in strength scores compare to non-completers, but little to no differences in recidivism. Additionally, GMO completers showed improvements in self-efficacy scores. Several implications and considerations regarding the outcomes are discussed to guide future gender-responsive programs for system-impacted girls. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-30T06:09:29Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211065900
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Authors:Kathleen Darcy, Gina Fedock, Sheryl Pimlott Kubiak First page: 252 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Incarcerated women experience staff-perpetrated sexual victimization at high rates, yet limited research exists regarding women’s experiences of this victimization while on probation and parole, particularly regarding their formal reporting decisions. This qualitative study explored the formal reporting decisions for 10 women who experienced staff-perpetrated sexual victimization while on parole. Women who formally reported their victimization experiences qualitatively differed from non-reporting women in terms of the dynamics and their identification of victimization (e.g., viewing as support vs. fear) and in the types of structural barriers (e.g., vulnerability and cautionary tales) they encountered. These findings highlight policy, practice, theory, and research directions. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-10-12T07:40:14Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211045641
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Authors:Bianca R. Parry First page: 274 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. The number of incarcerated women in South Africa has steadily increased over the last decade. However, as a minority in the carceral population of the country, their narratives are underrepresented. An emergent body of feminist, gender responsive research has found that motherhood is central to the narratives of incarcerated women. This study endeavored to document the life histories of 17 women who are incarcerated in the largest correctional center in South Africa. The narratives of these women explicate how the gendered role of motherhood impacted on their incarceration pathways, contributing to the developing literature of justice-involved women in South Africa. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-10-26T06:37:31Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211053265
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Authors:Kellie D. Alexander, Jeffrey S. Nowacki First page: 293 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Women bring important strengths to the field of policing, such as communication skills, the ability to lead teams, as well as the ability to coach and nurture subordinates. Despite these contributions, the rate of women entering policing has stagnated in recent years, and the percentage of women in supervisory, command, and leadership positions remains low. To explain this, we use an organizational structure perspective to explore how characteristics of police agencies (e.g., department size, officer demographics, and formalization) may influence the promotion of women to leadership positions. We make suggestions regarding hiring and retention and provide recommendations for further research. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-24T02:32:52Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211061744
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Authors:L. B. Klein, Marie C. D. Stoner, Nivedita L. Bhushan, Grace E. Mulholland, Bonnie S. Fisher, Lawrence L. Kupper, Ishrat Z. Alam, Sandra L. Martin First page: 322 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Attention to sexual misconduct has focused on acquaintance rape, leaving a need for research on less highly recognizable forms of harm. We estimated institution of higher education (IHE)-specific prevalence of yellow zone sexual harassment (SH) among students at 27 IHEs. We then examined SH and perceived risk of sexual assault/misconduct, knowledge regarding policies/resources, and perceptions of sexual misconduct response. Between 37.1% and 55.7% of students experienced SH. Harassed students were much more likely than non-harassed students to feel at risk for sexual misconduct and to have negative views of sexual misconduct response. Implications for research, policy, and prevention/response are discussed. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-23T10:14:38Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062572
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Authors:Allison E. Cipriano, Kathryn J. Holland, Nicole Bedera, Sarah R. Eagan, Alex S. Diede First page: 343 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Sexual harassment of graduate students is prevalent, yet little is known about their experiences reporting sexual harassment to their university. We conducted interviews with 32 graduate students who reported sexual harassment to Title IX to understand how survivors’ experiences of harassment align with report outcomes. Nearly all participants experienced severe, education-limiting consequences of the harassment and reported to ensure safety and restore educational access. Most reports were deemed unactionable and findings of responsibility were rare, demonstrating a disconnect between survivors’ experiences and Title IX outcomes. Our analysis suggests that Title IX practitioners rely on notions of “severity” rather than harassment consequences. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-14T04:56:56Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062579
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Authors:Francine Banner, Lisa Martin, Pamela Aronson, Grace Bradley, Islam Jaffal, Maureen Linker First page: 384 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. This paper describes challenges to changing the culture around yellow zone sexual harassment in the higher education workplace. The yellow zone comprises harassment that is often undetected or misunderstood but nonetheless is harmful. Based on a random sample, we surveyed 4554 staff and faculty at a large Midwestern university after they completed a mandatory online training module, assessing perceptions of sexual harassment, reactions to the training, and workplace personal experiences. Findings are that a majority of respondents know where to report incidents and that the training improved knowledge about sexual and gender-based harassment. However, almost half reported problematic workplace experiences. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-30T11:14:49Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062577
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Authors:Shauntey James, Melanie D. Hetzel-Riggin First page: 407 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) have used restorative justice (RJ) to address sexual misconduct on college campuses under Title IX. In 2020, Title IX guidance was codified. The application of RJ under the new policy may create procedural and distributive justice issues. This article (1) defines the new policy; (2) explores suitability of RJ to sexual misconduct and specifically yellow zone behavior under the new policy; (3) discusses justice for the various stakeholders under the guise of advantages and disadvantages; and (4) makes recommendations to strengthen the choice of either implementing or not implementing restorative justice. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-12-29T05:17:22Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211062643
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Authors:Nélia Viveiros, Theodosia Cook, Callie Marie Rennison First page: 421 Abstract: Feminist Criminology, Ahead of Print. The usual campus responses to identity-based discrimination (gender, race, ethnicity, and pregnancy, for example) fail in addressing less severe forms of identity-based discrimination by mimicking adversarial processes found in the criminal justice system, focusing on formal investigation processes to address alleged violations. We advance a model that repairs yellow-zone behavior (cultural breaches) and argue that higher education campuses must look beyond traditional compliance-only responses toward an adaptable resolution model (ARM) grounded in restorative and mediation practices. An ARM model can mitigate and reduce yellow-zone behavior (cultural breaches) and related institutional betrayal and addresses harmful power dynamics. Citation: Feminist Criminology PubDate: 2021-11-05T09:24:10Z DOI: 10.1177/15570851211053260
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