Authors:Jessica K. Gill; Abstract: This article provides and introduction to the sixth volume of the Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology/ Revue canadienne des études supérieures en sociologie et criminologie (CGJSC/ RCESSC) and offers an overview of the six contributions included in this publication. ______________________________________________________________________________________RésuméCet article présente le sixième volume de la Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology / Revue canadienne des études supérieures en sociologie et criminologie (CGJSC / RCESSC) et offre une vue d'ensemble des six contributions incluses dans cette publication.
Authors:Tigist Wame; Abstract: Although there has been an increase in Black activism after the murder of George Floyd in 2020, Black social movements continue to face obstacles. This research focuses on how pro-Black movements can overcome the repression they face to reach their goals of Black social change. Specifically, this research studies contemporary Black social movements in Canada and the United States to analyze what effective strategies are. This was examined by conducting ten qualitative, semi-structured interviews with members of contemporary Black social movements, with five being from Canada and five being from the United States. Research participants sat through interviews where conversations about their experiences with Black activism, as well as successful and unsuccessful strategies, were facilitated. This research concluded that effective strategies for Black movements to create Black social change are not heavily based on specific action strategies, such as rallies and protests, but more based on effective ways of organizing.
Authors:Marrah Kotler; Katharine Dunbar Winsor; Abstract: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) refers to the lifelong neurodevelopmental impacts resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. Recent prevalence indicates it is a leading cause of developmental disability in Canada. Researchers have illustrated that the criminal justice system (CJS) is a common landing point for individuals with FASD, and entry commonly occurs during adolescence. Scholars have contributed to early intervention implementation or identifying FASD markers in adolescence to deter criminal behaviour; however, resources and information for individuals with current or historical CJS involvement require further attention. In this paper, we analyze newer research on the links between FASD and the CJS, discuss considerations from developmental perspectives and analyze salient issues involving youth with FASD. Three Canadian legal decisions involving justice-involved youth with FASD are drawn upon to mobilize three areas requiring further theorization and action regarding CJS responses to FASD. Using developmental perspectives, we centre the impacts of CJS on justice-involved youth with FASD and discuss possible resulting implications. We aim to highlight areas for further consideration when working with justice-involved youth with FASD, namely, gaps in early assessment and implementation of supports, needs to increase parent and caregiver capacity to maintain residential stability, and efforts to support desistance from crime in the context of an FASD diagnosis.
Authors:Samantha Wauthier-Paspuleti; Abstract: For over a hundred years the sextons and chimers of Stratford, Ontario, Canada’s St. James Anglican Church have committed ‘timeline graffiti’ to the inner-most walls of St. James Belltower, and in doing so have unknowingly left behind a spectacular display of micro-historical storytelling and spatial negotiation. Like those who have readily written on the discolored walls of St. James Belltower, this article opposes the situation of graffiti in sacred space as being an automatic encroachment of the everyday profane on the sacred. Using a combination of document analysis (visual analysis) and autoethnographic techniques (reflexivity and narrative inquiry) I explore how the materiality of St. James Anglican Church’s Belltower and the ‘timeline graffiti’ found therein represent a uniquely Canadian example of how the profane operates within, against and parallel to what has so quickly been deemed sacred.
Authors:Karen Tang; Abstract: Both Canada and the United States of America have a considerable imprisonment issue, leading to calls for prison reforms. When considering the role of punishment in the legal system, research indicates that individuals tend to want to achieve three objectives: retribution, general deterrence, or specific deterrence. The Nordic Prison Model, which focuses on rehabilitating the individual, may be a solution to the current North American retribution-oriented penal system. In this position paper, I will examine the contentious issues plaguing the current North American prison system, research around the role punishment plays in society, arguments against rehabilitation and the Nordic system, and finally, the growing evidence advocating for a paradigm shift toward adopting a rehabilitative-oriented remand system. Lastly, the paper ends with a call to action on future research into the feasibility of enacting a rehabilitative-oriented prison model in capitalist countries such as the USA and Canada, as well as policy implications including increasing educational courses or work-release programs.
Authors:Adrian Dunkerson; Anelyse Weiler; Abstract: The physical voice is one of the most noticeable gender signifiers utilized in everyday social interaction. For trans people, their voice can be a medium through which to affirm and assert their gender, or a source of dysphoria which regularly ‘betrays’ their identity to others. Because of the effects of masculinizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT), transmasculine people tend to have an easier time changing their voices to their desired pitch than transfeminine people. However, even when on testosterone, transmasculine people may feel pressure from both inside and outside their own communities to sound a certain way due to transnormative narratives that gain traction in mainstream media and online transmasculine spaces like Tumblr and YouTube. Transmasculine people who are nonbinary face further challenges asserting their identity through their voice due to having to frequently operate within the gender binary when it comes to gender membership. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews, I explore how two transmasculine participants view the relationships between their voice, gender identity, and the social world. I identify that trans people face pressures to sound a certain way from both cis- and transnormative lenses. I find that nonbinary transmasculine people particularly struggle with these pressures as having too high of a voice results in constant misgendering, and fears around both safety and keeping community arise with the threat of the “T-voice.”
Authors:Mary McCluskey; Abstract: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a shift towards digital forms of employment, including sex work. The creation of the online platform, OnlyFans, has allowed sex workers to sell sexual content on a site that is easily accessible and readily available. However, the rising popularity of the platform drew attention to celebrity presence and removed the ability for sex workers to be successful, as the presence of celebrities made changes to the way individuals could advertise and benefit financially. Although previous research addresses the nature of online pornography and sex work, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the site “OnlyFans” and its impact on the current age of online sexual labour. Therefore, this research aims to highlight the celebritization of the platform “Only Fans” and its impact on online sexual labour.
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