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Abstract: Since 2023, Tunisia has implemented a new migration management policy marked by intensified security-led pushbacks of Black sub-Saharan migrants from coastal cities to its national borders, echoing similar practices in Algeria, Libya, and Morocco. Despite widespread national and international criticism, this approach has persisted and grown increasingly complex, with an expanding network of routes and increased frequency of forced movements. This policy operates within a broader regional and global migration regime (Mezzadra S, Neilson B in Border as Method, or, the Multiplication of Labor, Duke University Press, 2013) aimed at containing so-called "undesirable" mobility by keeping migrants in constant motion, often culminating in their return through mechanisms like the IOM’s Assisted Voluntary Return program. While this regional framework discourages viewing Tunisia as an exceptional case, the country’s distinct post-revolutionary context and longstanding West African migration presence offer critical insights into how migrants navigate, resist, and adapt to evolving border control strategies. PubDate: 2025-06-16
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Abstract: This is a post-humanist exploration into the quantum ontology of entanglement as a force that moves through prisons and their occupants. It postulates that quantum entanglement is the prime cause of affective energy transmission. It investigates quantum entanglement in sites of traumatic contamination and queries whether emotional residue is in fact, entangled particles left by traumatised people. It explores ideas around lived experience, quantum mechanics, affect and emotional residues, sympathetic magic, critical criminology and transformative criminology. Ultimately it questions the treatment of our most marginalised and postulates that criminology needs to work harder to ensure better outcomes for people at the mercy of our current systems of justice. PubDate: 2025-06-10
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Abstract: This article examines how individuals navigate life in criminalized territories. Drawing on ethnographic research in Medellin, Colombia’s second-largest city, it explores the trajectories of three young men whose lives are deeply intertwined with the criminal elements controlling their neighborhood. Focusing on their ‘life stories’—the significant events and experiences influencing their paths—and their relationships with illegal actors, this anthropological work provides a nuanced understanding of how criminal organizations wield power and maintain governance. Complementing the prevailing approaches to what is generally referred to as ‘criminal governance’, which is often based on quantitative and second-hand data, it shows that this phenomenon is driven not only by rational and predatory dynamics, but also by intimacy and reciprocity. Building on these insights, it proposes the concept of criminal hegemony to understand, from a ground-up perspective, how criminal governance is continuously (re)shaped and negotiated. PubDate: 2025-06-09
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Abstract: The trajectories of irregularized Moroccan travelers to and across Europe trace complex, convoluted and ever-changing geographies, following actors’ shifting social positions in various hierarchies that deeply... PubDate: 2025-06-06
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Abstract: This article explores recent migration flows along the Balkan Route through the conceptual lens of “The Game,” a metaphor used by migrants to describe their border-crossing experiences. Employing a multi-level... PubDate: 2025-06-05
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Abstract: Wendy Fitzgibbon's Applied Photovoice in Criminal Justice: Voices Made Visible (2022) explores the application of Photovoice, a participatory research method, to amplify the voices of marginalized groups within the criminal justice system. By utilizing visual narratives through accessible technologies like smartphones, participants can share their experiences, challenging traditional text-based research methods. Using case studies from England, Germany, and Ireland, Fitzgibbon highlights key themes such as stigma, identity transformation, and supervision challenges. The book emphasizes Photovoice's potential to foster social justice by providing marginalized individuals a platform to influence policy and practice, bridging gaps between researchers, participants, and policymakers. Fitzgibbon's work significantly contributes to participatory research in criminology, offering a more inclusive framework for understanding the criminal justice system. PubDate: 2025-05-29
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Abstract: Drawing on the framework of solidarity studies, this article examines how solidarity actors negotiate spaces for dissent under heightened repression in Morocco, where a stringent border regime operates within an authoritarian political landscape marked by pervasive surveillance and internal control. How do counter-border actors deal with internal repression' What strategies do they employ' Based on ethnographic participatory research and interviews, we examine how counter-border activists negotiate their space to challenge border regimes while operating within the confines of an authoritarian context. Rather than directly challenging the overarching authoritarian system, activists strategically focus on protesting about specific issues while acknowledging and navigating broader political contexts. We define this strategy as “subversive adaptation.” This research contributes to wider discussions on activism, authoritarianism, and border politics, underscoring the complexities of resistance within repressive regimes. PubDate: 2025-05-22
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Abstract: The persecution of Brittany Watts, a 34-year-old Black Ohio woman arrested in September 2023 after experiencing a miscarriage, is emblematic of pregnancy loss criminalization as an embodied carceral practice. In the United States, the expansion of “fetal personhood” laws, coupled with a desire to punish imperfect pregnancies, have coalesced to produce policies and practices which actively police and criminalize pregnancy loss. The carceral regime of fetal personhood is further reinforced by medical paternalism and surveillance. I argue that the policies and practices which police pregnancy loss are rooted in a series of carceral logics, which are in turn reinforced by race and class hierarchies which disproportionately impact Black, Brown, Indigenous, and low-income women. By using Watts’ case as a focal point, this paper contributes to our understanding of how the racialized and gendered carceral logics of miscarriage criminalization emerge, operate, and intersect. PubDate: 2025-05-17
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Abstract: This article explores overlooked strategies and self-determination practices among Iranian, Afghans and Moroccan citizens planning irregular migration to Europe. While the migration studies literature often focuses on state use of digital technology for border surveillance, its role in facilitating unauthorized crossings is emerging. Through digital ethnography on Arabic- and Persian-speaking virtual platforms where people discuss European border crossings, this paper challenges conventional perspectives on smugglers and solidarity within these networks. It reveals a nuanced moral economy of smuggling, displaying migrants’ agency and tactical decision-making within the broader framework of migration autonomy theory. PubDate: 2025-05-16
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Abstract: This study introduces a novel framework for understanding refugee agency, focusing on the experiences of refugee women in three distinct stages and contexts: in countries of asylum, during forced migration, and in asylum. The research, based on 24 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with refugee women from the Middle East and Africa residing in Portugal, challenges traditional views that emphasize refugees’ efforts to change their circumstances. Instead, it proposes conceptualizing refugee women’s agency as twofold: as emancipatory resistance against oppressive structures and as resilience, an adaptive ability to navigate these constraints. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of how refugee women actively confront and challenge oppressive structures, advocating for an emancipatory approach that transcends conventional analyses. At the same time, it highlights the resourcefulness and creative strategies employed by these women to adapt and survive within these structures, thus redefining resilience. Key findings from the interviews reveal that refugee women employ various forms of resistance to oppressive conditions while simultaneously demonstrating remarkable resilience through adaptive strategies. This dual perspective enriches academic discourse by offering a more comprehensive understanding of refugee agency. Furthermore, it provides practical insights for policymakers and humanitarian practitioners, helping them to better support and empower refugee women in their daily lives. PubDate: 2025-05-13
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Abstract: Different studies have examined racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Empirical examinations indicate that pretrial detention is a critical source of cumulative disadvantage in the United States. However, few studies have been undertaken in Latin America, where racial bias and pretrial detention remain understudied. This study utilized primary data collected from cases presented at Custody Hearings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, employing logistic regression and path analysis. The findings indicate that while race does not have a direct effect on conviction decisions, it exerts an indirect effect through pretrial detention. Specifically, Afro-Brazilians face higher odds of pretrial detention compared to their white counterparts, which subsequently increases their odds of being convicted. Implications concerning racial disadvantages in the Brazilian criminal justice system are discussed. PubDate: 2025-02-10
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Abstract: This article highlights the problem it names as ‘interventionitis’; the tendency of policymakers to treat enduring, systemically generated problems with limited interventions that are insufficient or inappropriate for the intended improvement. We outline three typical features of interventionitis; overconfidence in these quick fixes, the iatrogenic effect of unintended harms caused by such interventions, and the focus on surface-level rather than systemic change. We then present three cases of interventionitis in the contemporary criminal justice system of England and Wales: the placement of police officers in schools, drug testing on arrest, and the peer-led induction programme in prisons. We support an alternative approach that adds consideration of inequalities, institutions and interactions alongside interventions. Interventionitis can be observed across the English and Welsh criminal justice system. It limits the prospects for taking steps to reduce the harms caused by crime and its control. PubDate: 2025-02-07
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Abstract: Criminologists have criticized the gap between retributive theory and prison realities. In this study, we drew on qualitative findings from the Supreme Court judges of Israel to explore how judicial decision-makers construct the relationship between their retributive theory and their vision of prison life. We found that these judges perceived prison to be a disproportionate and cruel punishment. In responding to prison excessiveness, these judges constructed a “veil of ignorance” between the phases of sentencing and imprisonment by (a) re-theorizing retribution; (b) closing the gap between sentencing and prison, and (c) neutralizing responsibility. The findings shed light on the judiciary’s epistemology of prisons and its meaning for their retributive theory. In conclusion, the boundaries of retributive scholarship should be expanded to include more fully the problematic meaning of prison cruelties for judges’ philosophies and consciousness. PubDate: 2025-01-30
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Abstract: Risk management in the criminal justice system reflects a wider societal risk consciousness. People with criminal records are seen as risks requiring governance. Despite the recent interest in embedding lived experience in academic practice, for Convict Criminologists, the collateral and informal pains of imprisonment follow them into university and underpin their precarity, leading to an ingrained ‘Status Fragility’ (Tietjen and Kavish 2021). This article adopts an auto-ethnographic approach, drawing upon two pivotal junctures in the author’s journey, from prison to university and identifying as a Convict Criminologist. It considers how risk aversion and (mis)management are operationalised in a university to extend the experience of punishment after release from prison. PubDate: 2025-01-16
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Abstract: Does criminalisation have “chilling effects” on activists' If so, which are the criminalisation phases or strategies that discourage activists to act freely and in exercise of their human rights' This article investigates the chilling effects of criminalisation beyond the phases or strategies of police repression, labelling/stigmatisation, and surveillance, which have been addressed in the relevant multi-disciplinary literature thus far. Using the case study of the criminalised NoTAP environmental movement opposing a pipeline megaproject in the Italian southeastern Puglia region, this article shows the importance of investigating chilling effects on activists who have had experiences with the criminal justice system and with punitive measures outside the criminal law, such as administrative fines. It ends with an invitation for activist criminologists to contribute more substantially to this area of research, and to support activists throughout the “criminalisation cycle” - and through the most daunting phases of criminalisation, in particular. PubDate: 2025-01-07
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Abstract: Research continues to demonstrate the role films play in reproducing and solidifying stereotypes of particular groups. Acting as a cultural medium, filmic representations mirror dominant attitudes present in society while also reproducing and molding new perceptions of particular stereotypes. By highlighting the construction of the hierarchy of whiteness through the lens of the Appalachian region, the following demonstrates the connection between filmic representations and the support for economic, social, and political carceral encroachment into the region. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, we analyze 20 films set within or related to the Appalachian region to showcase the construction and connection of a “lesser white” group to carceral ideologies that promote punitive and damaging policies. PubDate: 2024-12-06
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