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- Sub-chronic Hepatotoxicity Assessment of Ghana Cleanser® in Exposed
Wistar Rats
Authors: Uduak Peter Ise, Tayo Ibukun Famojuro, Ambi Ibrahim Maman, Ponman Nanpon Samuel, Patience Duppe, Modupe Iretiola Builders
Pages: 1 - 13
Abstract: This study evaluated the toxicity of a polyherbal Formulation (Ghana Cleanser®) on liver function markers of exposed albino rats. Thirty (30) male and female rats of the Wistar strain were randomly allotted into six (6) groups with n=5. 10.0 mL/kg distilled water was given to control groups 1 and 4. Polyherbal formulation doses of 374.0 mg/kg and 187.0 mg/kg were administered to groups 2-3 and 5-6, respectively. A modified Lorke's approach was used to compute acute toxicity. Animals were euthanized after 60 days under diethyl ether. Blood was collected for biochemical analyses through cardiac puncture. The liver was excised from each animal and was fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and prepared for histological assessment. LD50 of the polyherbal preparation was calculated as 3740 mg/kg (oral). The results indicated an appreciable increase (p<0.05) in ALT activity at 374.0 mg/kg in female rats; while there was no increase recorded at 187.0mg/kg in male rats. A significant increase in ALT activity was recorded at 374 mg/kg in male rats as well and increased AST activities were recorded at 187mg/kg in female rats. In the treated animals of both sexes, ALP activities were significantly elevated. Histopathology assessment of the hepatocytes showed no significant damage at 187 mg/kg in rats of both sexes when compared with their respective controls while some degrees of pathologies such as hepatocyte inflammation, hyperplasia, and congestion were recorded at 374 mg/kg in rats of both sexes. Results suggest caution on the long-term use of the polyherbal mixture due to its hepatotoxic potential.
PubDate: 2024-07-23
DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i8555
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 8 (2024)
- Ameliorative Effect of Bambara Nut on Cognito-motor Functions of
Konzo-induced Wistar Rats Model
Authors: Dimkpa V. O., David L. K., Ajah A. A.
Pages: 14 - 27
Abstract: Introduction: Konzo is a neurological disease characterized by a sudden onset of symmetrical and spastic paraparesis due to selective upper motoneuron damage. Aim: To determine the Cognito-motor modulatory functions of Bambara nut (Vigna subterranea) extract in improperly processed bitter cassava (Manihot esculenta) flour Konzo-induced male Wistar rats. Methodology: Twenty-five (25) Adult Male Wistar rats weighing between 180–200g were randomly divided into five (5) groups of five rats per group. The rats were allowed to acclimatize for 2 weeks. Konzo was induced following unprocessed bitter cassava flour feeding for a period of three weeks and fed with Bambara nut (BN). Feeding was as follows for 28 days: Group 1: Control group - rats in this group were fed with water and rat feed; Group 2 rats were fed with improperly processed bitter cassava flour to induce Konzo: Groups 3-5 rats were fed with different doses of Bambara nut extract 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg respectively. Neurobehavioral assessments were conducted weekly using barnes maze and hand grip tasks to assess cognition, perception, motor functions and muscular strength. The data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: In weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 trials, konzo-induced rats (Group 2) displayed significantly increased trial times for both cognitive and motor functions compared to Group 1 rats (p < 0.05). Administration of graded doses of BN extract amongst Groups 3, 4, and 5 rats resulted in significant reduction in trial times compared to Group 2 rats (p < 0.05), suggesting a possible modulatory function of the extract of Bambara nut in bitter cassava induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion: Bambara nut extract improved cognito-motor functions in a dose dependent manner, resulting in a possible prevention of Konzo in male Wistar rats.
PubDate: 2024-07-30
DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i8556
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 8 (2024)
- Cadmium-induced Up-regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Rats'
Testes: Ameliorative Effect of PurXcel
Authors: Aribo E. O., Nwangwa J. N., Udokang N. E.
Pages: 28 - 35
Abstract: Background: Cadmium is a common environmental pollutant and induces testicular dysfunction via mechanisms which include oxidative stress linked with inflammation. PurXcel is a polyherbal remedy said to be rich in antioxidants. The action of Cadmium on nitric oxide homeostasis and possible effect of the polyherbal on any functional aberration from this are not known and hence this study. Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control, Cadmium-only, PurXcel-only and Cadmium+PurXcel groups of five rats each. Duration of daily administration was 28 days after which animals were sacrificed and their testes dissected out for determination of necessary parameters. Results: The results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the testicular activity of Nitric Oxide synthase in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control but which was significantly lower in the PurXcel-only and Cadmium+PurXcel groups than in the Cadmium-only group(p≤0.05). The concentration of testicular nitric oxide was significantly increased in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control (p≤0.05) but significantly lower in the Cadmium+PurXcel and PurXcel-only groups than in the Cadmium-only group (p≤0.05). The levels were significantly higher in the Cadmium+PurXcel than in the PurXcel-only groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, PurXcel administration ameliorates Cadmium-induced up-regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase activity and the resultant increase in the concentration of nitric oxide in rats testes. Therefore, dysregulation of Nitric Oxide homeostasis may play an important role in Cadmium-induced cytotoxicity.
PubDate: 2024-08-03
DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i8557
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 8 (2024)
- Study of Subacute Toxicity in Wistar Rats Challenged with Phyllanthus
amarus Schum and Thonn
Authors: Kpomah Enyohwo Dennis, Kpomah Bridget, Okonkwo Chisom Stanislaus
Pages: 36 - 46
Abstract: Phyllanthus amarus, a widely used plant in complementary and alternative medicine practice in Southern Nigeria, is used in treating and managing numerous metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This study is designed to assess the subacute toxicity of P. amarus in Wistar rats using body and relative organ weight, renal function, in-vivo antioxidant status and organ histology indices as a baseline. The twenty adult male rats weighing 120.00 ± 6.18 g were apportioned into four groups with five rats per group. Group A (Control) received 1.0 mL of distilled water, group B received 1000 mg/kg group C received 1500 mg/kg and group D received 2000 mg/kg body weight of the crude ethanol extract. The extract from P. amarus was administered orally once daily at 8:30 am using an oral cannula attached to a 2 mL syringe. Subacute toxicity was evaluated after 14 days. The findings showed no visible and noticeable overt signs of toxicity throughout the experimental period, non-significant adverse change in body and relative organ weight, renal function and organ histopathology of the rats in the treated and control groups. However, P. amarus significantly improved in-vivo antioxidant status while significantly reducing the level of malondialdehyde, a biological indicator of oxidative stress in the living system.
PubDate: 2024-08-05
DOI: 10.9734/jocamr/2024/v25i8558
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 8 (2024)
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