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- Isolation and antioxidant activity of 5-methyldihydroflavasperone from
ethanol leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis JF Gmel
Authors: Mosa E.O. Ahmed, Jeremiah Senabe, Ewura S. Yahaya, Gerda Fouche, Paul Steenkamp, Vanessa Steenkamp
First page: 7
Abstract: Background: Guiera senegalensis (Ghibaish) is a medicinal plant extensively used in central and west Africa for the management of various diseases.Aim: This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol leaf extract of the plant.Method: The ethanol leaf extract was sequentially sub-fractionated using liquid–liquid extraction, vacuum-liquid chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with accurate mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to isolate and confirm the identity of the most abundant compound. The antioxidant activity of the fractions and isolated compound was assessed by bioautography analysis and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging assay.Results: The dichloromethane subfraction contained the most promising antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.18 µg/mL). Purification of this subfraction led to the isolation of a brown crystalline compound, which was identified as 5-methyldihydroflavasperone (IC50 > 4000 µg/mL).Conclusion: This is the first report of the isolation of 5-methyldihydroflavasperone from the ethanol leaf extracts of G. senegalensis. This compound was not found to be responsible for the antioxidant activity observed. Further research is warranted to identify the compound responsible for the antioxidant activity.
PubDate: 2022-02-28
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v6i1.137
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
- Antistaphylococcal effects of alcoholic extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera
(Schum and Thonn.) (Taub.) against multidrug methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Morenike O. Adeoye-Isijola, Kubendran K. Naidoo, Roger M. Coopoosamy, Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe
First page: 7
Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing life-threatening hospital and community-acquired infections with high morbidity and mortality rates requiring constant vigilance.Aim: This study aimed at investigating the antistaphylococcal effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera against different strains of multidrug methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to indicate the need for its use in ethnomedicine in addition to its fruits being used in traditional medicine.Methods: In this study, the susceptibilities of S. aureus were investigated using multi-disc antibiotics and extracts of T. tetraptera by agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods.Settings: While attention has been focused on the fruits of this plant, it is necessary to investigate the pharmacological importance of its stem bark.Results: The antibiogram showed that 70% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Nitrofurantoin and gentamicin antibiotics were the most effective whilst amoxicillin and augumentin were the least effective. The susceptibility of the isolates was concentration dependent as inhibition zones decreased with decrease in the concentrations of each of the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of acetone extract ranged between 0.019 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL whilst the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged between 0.3125 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. The MICs of the methanol extract ranged between 0.039 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL whilst the MBCs ranged between 0.3125 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL. Both extracts were more bactericidal than being bacteriostatic against all the isolates. The methanol extract was more active than the acetone extract as indicated by the varied inhibition zones and MICs obtained from the different extracts.Conclusion: This study revealed the great therapeutic potentials of T. tetraptera and validated its use in ethnomedicine and would be effective in the treatment of multidrug and MRSA infections.
PubDate: 2022-01-12
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v6i1.122
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
- A review of the relevance of bottle gourd in Eastern and Southern African
traditional music, and social life
Authors: Olufunke O. Fajinmi, Olaoluwa O. Olarewaju, Georgina D. Arthur, Roger M. Coopoosamy, Kuben Naidoo
First page: 8
Abstract: Background: The history of several communities and tribes in Africa is incomplete without emphasising on the crucial role of the Cucurbitaceae family, especially the calabash or dried gourds, in Africa. The plant is extensively used in several traditional ceremonies and spiritual exercises, and in the production of various traditional African musical instruments which proffer economic incentives to stakeholders.Aim: To discuss the relevance of the bottle gourd in Eastern and Southern African nations in relation to the production of traditional musical instruments; the uses and impacts of the traditional musical instruments; and their morphology.Methods: A literature search was conducted on electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Google books, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was performed using several terms and free text words, combining them in an appropriate manner. The authors further set inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen for relevant articles. Each of the identified articles was independently reviewed to determine eligibility and to extract study information.Results: The African continent has a deeply rich and fascinating traditional and cultural heritage such as ancestral worship, cleansing ceremonies, spiritual ceremonies, intervillage ceremonies and competitions, and royal ceremonies like enthronement of kings, royal weddings, royal funerals, and appeasement of the gods. Traditional musical instruments made with gourds (as the resonator) are prominently played during these ceremonies and spiritual exercises. The ceremonies are often accompanied by chanting and singing whilst traditional musical instruments such as rattles made of gourds or chordophones, in which gourds are used as resonators, are played.Conclusion: Bottle gourd is an important raw material in the assemblage of several Southern and Eastern Africa traditional musical instruments and is highly revered in the socio-cultural ceremonies and spiritual exercises of several tribes and communities across these regions. Hence, bottle gourd plays a vital role as a bedrock of the culture, social and spiritual life of these people and therefore reflects in the history and daily life of the Southern and Eastern Africans.
PubDate: 2022-04-28
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v6i1.141
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
- Evaluating the effect of 40% and 0% shading levels on the secondary
metabolites, antifungal and anti-insect activities of extracts of Allium
porrum cultivated hydroponically under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Bulelwa Ntobela, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju, Fanie Rautenbach, Ninon G. Etsassala, Enoch A. Akinpelu, Felix Nchu
First page: 9
Abstract: Background: Allium species are generally reputed for their anti-pest properties; however, few studies have focused on optimising the quality and yield of anti-pest bioactive materials from these medicinal plants.Setting: Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out on the Bellville campus of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town.Aims: This research study aimed to evaluate the effect of light intensity on the volatile constituents, antifungal and anti-insect activities of extracts obtained from Allium porrum L. cultivated hydroponically under greenhouse conditions.Methods: Seedlings of A. porrum were hydroponically grown under 40% shading and 0% shading conditions for 12 weeks. The phytochemical constituents of the aerial parts (leaf and bulb) of A. porrum were analysed. The antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and the anti-insect activity on the grapevine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) was evaluated by microdilution and repellency bioassays, respectively.Results: Remarkably, the total polyphenol content was statistically higher (DF = 1, 6; F = 9.17; p < 0.05) in plants exposed to 40% shade treatment. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the volatile compounds varied significantly (DF = 1; χ 2 = 3.435; p > 0.05) between the two treatments. However, although a higher number of compounds (73) occurred in plants exposed to 40% shade than in those exposed to 0% shade (58), the shading effect on the number of compounds was not significant (DF = 1; χ 2 = 69.551; p > 0.05). The acetone extracts of A. porrum that were cultivated under lower light irradiance showed a higher fungistatic activity against F. oxysporum in the antifungal bioassay.Conclusion: Broadly, this study revealed that lowering light intensity from 313 μmol m-2 s-1 to 153 μmol m-2 s-1 favoured a higher phenolic content, volatile constituents and higher anti-F. oxysporum activities in leeks.
PubDate: 2022-05-10
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v6i1.144
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical profile investigation and
biological activities of ethylacetate fraction of Baobab (Adansonia
digitata L.) pulp used in the treatment of urinary tract infections
Authors: Kehinde O. Fagbemi, Daniel A. Aina, Roger M. Coopoosamy, Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe
First page: 10
Abstract: Background: As a result of high percentage of women infected with urinary tract infection (UTI) annually, many rural dwellers use Adansonia digitata fruit pulp as herbal cure. Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is one of the great trees idolised in Africa because of its therapeutic properties.Aim: This study aimed at identifying chemical compounds in the ethylacetate fraction of the baobab fruit pulp and indicated their biological activities to justify its use for the folkloric treatment of UTI.Methods: The crude extract from Baobab fruit pulp was partitioned and ethylacetate extract was used for assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds in the ethylacetate fraction, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays whilst the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by already adopted protocols. The antibacterial properties were tested against some urinary tract pathogens using macro broth dilution method.Results: A total of 36 bioactive compounds were identified by GC–MS analysis, most of them have been reported as antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiasthma, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. The extract exhibited highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 19582 (1.22 mg/mL) whilst Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (˃ 8.6 mg/mL) displayed high level of resistance amongst the five bacterial isolates used in this study.Conclusion: These findings indicated that the extract contained bioactive compounds of therapeutic importance with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potentials and justify the folkloric use of this fruit in the treatment of UTIs by many African dwellers.
PubDate: 2022-01-11
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v6i1.117
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2022)
- Table of Contents Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Authors: Editorial Office
First page: 1
Abstract: No abstract available.
PubDate: 2021-12-30
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v5i1.152
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 1 (2021)
- Acknowledgements to reviewers
Authors: Editorial Office
First page: 1
Abstract: No abstract available.
PubDate: 2021-12-21
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v5i1.151
Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2021)
- Corrigendum: Antioxidant assessment of characterised essential oils from
Calophyllum inophyllum Linn using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl and
hydrogen peroxide methods
Authors: Emmanuel O. Ojah, Dorcas O. Moronkola, Paul M. Osamudiamen
First page: 2
Abstract: No abstract available.
PubDate: 2021-11-26
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v5i1.138
Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2021)
- Recognising the impact of traditional herbal medicine in managing cancer:
The South African context
Authors: Sibusiso Xego, Learnmore Kambizi, Felix Nchu
First page: 8
Abstract: Background: The increasing prevalence of cancer is placing enormous pressure on health infrastructure globally. The ever rising cancer burden is not unique to South Africa but also to many low- and middle-income countries. Natural plant-based products have for long have been used traditionally for treating cancer. Approximately 7% – 48% of cancer diagnosed patients take herbal medicines post diagnosis. As herbal remedies are also used by South Africans, it is justifiable to investigate herbal medicinal use in the prompt detection as well as prevention of cancer.Aim: The aim of this article is to highlight the potential of South African medicinal plants to combat cancer.Method: This review summarises previous research (1991–2020) on the impact of traditional herbal medicine in managing cancer, and identifies the context between traditional and conventional medicines. Scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar were used to source primary and secondary data for this review.Results: The findings of the present study call for the integration of herbal medicines into the existing healthcare systems to encourage the open use of herbal medicines by cancer patients. In addition, this study revealed 19 medicinal plant species from 15 families that are commonly used for the management of cancer in South Africa’s nine provinces.Conclusion: It is crucial to enhance collaboration between the existing healthcare systems and herbal traditional medicines in the provision of better care to patients at risk of, or who have been diagnosed with, cancer.
PubDate: 2021-11-29
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v5i1.121
Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2021)
- Ethnoveterinary survey of plants used for the control of gastrointestinal
nematodes in sheep at three agro-ecological zones in the Eastern Cape
Province of South Africa
Authors: Siza Mthi, Jean Rust, Sive Tokozwayo, Nkululeko Nyangiwe, Thobela L. Tyasi, Zimasa Dubeni, Mandla Yawa, Zuko Mpisane, Thenuis Morgenthal
First page: 9
Abstract: Background: With exception of the desert biome, all of South Africa’s biomes occur in the Eastern Cape. The province is known to have high numbers of livestock that are mostly found in communal farming areas. Multi-drug resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes against major classes of conventional anthelmintics and the high cost of synthetic drugs calls for an urgent search for different control strategies of nematodes.Aim: A survey was conducted to identify and document plant species used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock in Ciko, Goso and Upper Ngqumeya communities in the Eastern Cape Province.Setting: The study included filed observations and transect walks, as well as a standardized questionnaire given to 48 sheep farmers.Methodology: Forty-eight livestock farmers including men and women of mixed ages were interviewed. The information was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, field observations and transect walks. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics with frequency of citation (FC) and relative frequency of citation (RFC) as quantitative.Results: A total of 11 plant species from different genera were reportedly available and used to control gastrointestinal nematodes. Aloe ferox (0.67) and Zanthoxylum capense (0.44) had the highest values of RFC followed by Strychnos henningsii (0.23) and Elaphantorhhiza elephantine (0.21) and were widely known by the people of the study areas. The three most frequently used plant parts were leaves, roots and bark accounting for about 36.4%, 27.3% and 27.3%, respectively. The ethnoveterinary medicines were prepared in the form of decoctions and infusions. Oral administration of the concoctions was the only route of administration. The major constraints of sheep production as perceived by the farmers were prevalence of internal (36%) and external parasites (18.1%). All medicinal plants used were native and collected from the wild. The most dominant life forms were trees (45.4%), followed by herbs (36.4%) and shrubs (18.2%). Homestead expansion was ranked as the major threat (26%) to medicinal plants followed by firewood (21%). In-situ (protection through rangers) was the most frequently mentioned (67%) conservation practice used by farmers to protect the loss of medicinal plants followed by ex-situ (33%).Conclusion: In the light of data gathered on the surveyed plants, it appeared the plants play a role in the healthcare of sheep in rural communities. Further studies are required to analyse the plants for their chemical composition and biological properties.
PubDate: 2021-12-15
DOI: 10.4102/jomped.v5i1.135
Issue No: Vol. 5, No. 1 (2021)
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