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- Evaluation of total content phenolic, flavonoid and tannin of herbs used
in treatment of ailments in Kisii and Nyamira Counties region, Kenya.
Authors: Moses A. Guto Maobe *, Leonard Gitu, Erastus Gatebe
Abstract: Background and Aim: Herbs Carissa spinarum, Physalis minima and Toddalia asiati are used in the treatments of certain ailments in Kisii and Nyamira Counties region, Kenya but few studies have been conducted on the quality, efficacy and safety of using various parts of these herbs for these treatments. The principal aim of the present study was to standardize the three herbs of interest. This research was carried out to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in the methanolic extract of whole plant Physalis minima, and leaves as wells roots of Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica. Materials and Methods: Each part of the herb was extracted by soaking in methanol/dichloromethane in ratio 1:1 for seven days. Subsequently, it was filtered and concentrated by rotary vapor, and then the solvent allowed to escape and be solidified. The same process was repeated three times in all samples. Determination of the total phenolic content (mgGAE/g) was done by Folin-Ciocalteu on 765 nm using a spectrophotometer.The total flavonoid content (mgQE/g) was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay on 415 nm. Total tannin content (mgCE/g) was analyzed by modified vanillin assay. Results: The highest and lowest levels of total phenolic content were observed in the roots of Toddalia asiatica and Carissa spinarum respectively. The highest and lowest levels of total flavonoid content were observed in Physalis minima and in the root of Carissa spinarum respectively. The highest and lowest levels of total tannin content were observed in the leaf extract of Toddalia asiatica and root extract of Carissa spinarum respectively. Conclusion: The highest total phenolic content was observed in the root extract of Toddalia asiatica.The highest total flavonoid content was observed in the extract of whole plant Physalis minima, while the highest total tannin content was observed in the leaf extract of Toddalia asiatica.
PubDate: 2022-03-24
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i1.874
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 2 (2022)
- Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Cissus quadrangularis
L.
Authors: Sandeep Pandey *, Shikha Parmar, Monika Shukla Shukla, Varsha Sharma Sharma, Akansha Dwivedi, Anamika Pandey, Monika Mishra
Abstract: Traditional system of medicine practiced since time immemorial has emerged as an alternative for modern medicine as it is economical, nature-based and without side effects. Medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L. has been used in the Indian system of traditional medicine due to its easier propagation and availability. The phytochemical composition of the plant mainly consists of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, benzenoids, phenols, and total protein. The stem is the most important part of the plant with various therapeutic properties. The plant exhibits anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-microbial, anti-hemorrhoidal, anthelmintic, and other pharmacological properties. The plant has traditionally been used in the treatment of broken bones, rheumatic pains, bowel infections, burns, wounds, eye disorders, menstrual disorders, boils, asthma, gastritis, piles hemorrhoids, anemia, and indigestion. This systematic review documented the phytochemical composition of various plant parts along with evaluating research articles for designing the pharmacological application of the plant and its use in drug industries.
PubDate: 2022-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 2 (2022)
- Genus Rubia: Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity: A Review
Authors: Marzieh Eskandarzadeh, Akam Esmaeili, Mohammad Reza Nikbakht, Yukio Hitotsuyanagi, Yuri N Shkryl, Javad Ghasemian Yadegari, Hassan Rezazadeh, Javad Khalilifard *
Abstract: The Rubiaceae family taxonomic classification is complex. Genus Rubia with 70 species belongs to Rubieae tribe of Rubioideae subfamily of the Rubiaceae family. These species have been widely distributed and cultivated around the world, and are mainly concentrated in the tropics. The effects of bioactive metabolites of various parts, particularly roots of Rubia species have been thoroughly examined, and their pharmacological and toxicological effects have been described. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, antiseizure and antimicrobial effects as well as toxicological properties of Rubia species have been previously reported. This study was conducted as a literature survey of various species of Rubiaceae published from 1992 to 2020. Moreover, their toxic and protective effects on living organisms were summarized.
PubDate: 2022-08-09
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v8i1.903
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2022)
- A Narrative Review on the Natural Remedies Used in the Prevention and
Symptomatic Treatment of Constipation in the Middle East
Authors: Sareh Dortaj *
Abstract: Constipation is a common issue in developed and developing countries. On account of the multifactorial nature of this bowel problem, it has been indicated that current conventional treatments have limited efficacy and a higher incidence of side effects. This article aims to review various natural remedies that have proved to be effective in the prevention and/or treatment of constipation and is an attempt to provide a framework for a better understanding of the pharmacology of these herbs. Treatments were identified from electronic databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Scopus. Out of 103 studies found via electronic search, 49 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Anthraquinone, saponin, and fiber-rich plants may increase the frequency of defecation through their bulking and/or stimulant laxative effects. The intake of some herbs or their isolated purgative active constituents can be useful in constipated patients. However, if the patient has tried natural remedies for more than three days without success, it is preferred to refer to a physician to know the underlying cause of constipation.
PubDate: 2022-08-09
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i4.879
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2022)
- In Vitro Antibacterial, Anticoagulant, and Antioxidant Screening of
Aqueous Extracts of Blue Ternate (Clitoria ternatea L.) Flower
Authors: Roque Merrick Dacullo, Jayzon Gaspay Bitacura *
Abstract: Background and Aim: Extracts of Clitoria ternatea flowers obtained through laboratory standard methods have been constantly reported to have various medicinal activities. However, no reports on such properties are available for this flower’s extracts obtained through common domestic extraction procedures. This study aimed to determine and compare the aqueous extracts (leachate, decoction, tea, and homogenate) of C. ternatea flowers for their antibacterial, anticoagulant, and antioxidant activities. Materials and Methods: Agar well diffusion and Lee-White test tube method were used for antibacterial and anticoagulant assays, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant assays of the extracts were conducted through the floating disc assay, and DPPH scavenging activity, respectively. Results: The results of the present study revealed that although the extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus, they did not differ significantly at p>0.05. The extracts did not exhibit in vitro anticoagulant activity. Only the homogenate preparations showed catalase activity while all the extracts showed DPPH scavenging activity with the flower decoction as the highest % DPPH RSA harmonic mean of 56.24%, followed by the leachate (45.03%), and the tea (38.79%) and homogenate (37.74%) as the least. Conclusion: C. ternatea flowers extracted through common domestic extraction methods were revealed to have antibacterial, procoagulant, and antioxidant properties. The extracts could also be subjected to phytochemical screening and could be studied for their other bioactive properties.
PubDate: 2022-08-09
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i3.867
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2022)
- An Investigation of the Establishment, Culture and Essential Oil
Composition of Hyssopus Officinalis in Dry and Irrigated Farming in Barren
Land
Authors: Esfandiar Hassani Moghadam *, Mahdi Shaaban
Abstract: Background and Aim: Hyssopus officinalis L. belonging to the family Lamiaceaeis a perennial herb known as a culinary and medicinal herb. This study was conducted to investigate the compatibility of culture and the effect of drought on the growth and essential oil compounds of hyssop in Lorestan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, we first evaluated the ability of hyssop plant with regard to adaption and establishment in Aligudarz region in Lorestan province. Then, hyssop was cultivated in irrigated and non-irrigated (dryland) conditions, and their essential oil changes were investigated. Results: The results of the present study showed that the fresh and dry weight of established plants was 10590 and 3780 kg.ha-1 respectively, which indicates the compatibility of hyssop plants in Aligudarz region. Moreover, the results showed that 95.8% of essential oil composition was determined in irrigated conditions that the highest amount of which was related to Isocamfopinone with 34.2%. Furthermore, the percentage of compounds such as Trans-pinocamphone (19%), Thymol (28.8%), Ortho-menth-8-ene-4-methanol (6.86%), ß–pinene (6.35%), Myrtenol (4.18%) and Pinocarvone (3.84%) had the highest amount of essential oil composition compared to other essential oil compounds. In dryland conditions, about 97.39% of the total essential oil compositions were identified. Also, it was found that the highest amount of these compounds was related to Isocamphopinone (38.63%). Conclusion: It was found in this study that irrigated and dryland conditions had different effects on the essential oil compounds of the hyssop medicinal plant so that in both conditions some compounds increased and others decreased, and some were constant. Moreover, depending on the production goal, hyssop can be cultivated in each of these conditions.
PubDate: 2022-07-31
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i2.877
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 3 (2022)
- Triple Therapy with Garlic, Silymarin and Curcumin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zahra Ataee, Maryam Vahabzadeh, Seyedeh Shabnam Mazloumi Kiapey, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Hooman Mosanan Mozaffari, Maliheh Ziaee *
Abstract: Background and Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of garlic, silymarin, and curcumin on hepatic parameters and overall improvement of NAFLD. Materials and Methods: Individuals between 18 and 70 years of age with altered liver enzymes and confirmed pattern of fatty liver in their hepatic ultrasound were entered into this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial and assigned to two groups. They received either capsules containing curcumin, silymarin and garlic or an identical placebo. After 3 months, the patients were re-evaluated for laboratory tests, clinical evaluation, and liver fibroscan. Data were analyzed in consistent with the intention-to-treat approach. Results: After randomization and blinding, 50 individuals entered this study. The mean age of the participants was 42.51 ± 11.13 (mean± SD) years of old, and 80% of the participants were men. After triple therapy, no significant differences were observed in laboratory tests between the two groups, except for the triglyceride level (188.86 ± 90.66 vs. 146.23 ± 70.38, p-value=0.04). However, hepatic fibroscans were noticeably ameliorated in the treatment group compared to the control (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: We observed no significant amelioration in the majority of biochemical indices of the patients, but patterns of NAFLD in fibroscans were considerably improved. Although we cannot entirely attribute this finding to our therapy with silymarin, curcumin, and garlic, a healthy lifestyle combined with these supplements can help improve the state of NAFLD. Further studies with larger sample size and different doses are recommended.
PubDate: 2022-07-12
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i2.917
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 3 (2022)
- A Traditional Chinese Herbal Hand Sanitizer for COVID-19
Authors: Siukan Law*
Abstract: None. Letter to the Editor.
PubDate: 2022-07-12
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i2.906
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 3 (2022)
- The Effect of Pretreatment with the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ginger on
the Modulation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Impacts on
Pain Sensitivity in Male Rats
Authors: Mohammad Hossein Faraji, Mahnaz Taherianfard *
Abstract: Background and Aim: Zingiber officinale (ginger) extract increased dopamine concentration in various brain areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how ginger extract can affect the efficiency of D2 receptor agonist (bromocriptine) and antagonist (chlorpromazine) on pain sensitivity in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult male rats in standard conditions divided into eight groups, i.e. the control, the ginger sham1, sham2, ginger, bromocriptine 10 or 30 µM + ginger, and chlorpromazine 20 or 40 µM + ginger. The cannulation of the lateral ventricle was conducted unilaterally by the stereotaxic procedure. A pain sensitivity test was carried out in all the groups by formalin test on the 16th day. Results: The results of this study indicated that ginger could remarkablly (P<0.01) reduce pain sensitivity in all stages of the formalin test. As the data revealed, bromocriptine 10 or 30 µg/rat and chlorpromazine 20 or 40 µg/rat significantly (P<0.01) decreased the pain sensitivity in all phases of the formalin test in comparison with the control and sham groups. However, chlorpromazine 20 or 40 µg/rat noticeably (P<0.01) increased the pain sensitivity when compared to ginger and bromocriptine groups. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, ginger mimics the analgesic effect of bromocriptine. Moreover, ginger has attenuated the hyperalgesic effect of chlorpromazine. It seems that ginger has a synergistic effect with the analgesic effect of the dopamine D2 receptor.
PubDate: 2022-07-11
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i3.902
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 3 (2022)
- Amelioration of Colitis from Nature and its Immunological Implications:
Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Emmanuel Oluwaseun Adediran, Prabha S. Awale, Udai P. Singh
Abstract: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the intestine. IBD is characterized by abdominal pains, diarrhea, fever, chills, cramps, and bloating and if not properly managed, it can be life-threatening. Interestingly, medicinal plants have been identified and validated to attenuate this condition due to the presence of natural products using different animal models via aryl hydrocarbon receptor and Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. This review briefly discusses some of the natural products and medicinal plants, that can be used and developed as therapeutics for IBD treatment coupled with their immunological consequences. It recommends the need to use computational approaches to identify novel targets as well as the synthesis of structural analogs of endogenous ligands and natural products that are modulators of the identified and novel molecular targets coupled with the profiling of their biological activities and side effects.
PubDate: 2022-05-17
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i3.893
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 3 (2022)
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