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- Evaluation of total content phenolic, flavonoid and tannin of herbs used
in treatment of ailments in Kisii and Nyamira Counties region, Kenya.
Authors: Moses A. Guto Maobe *, Leonard Gitu, Erastus Gatebe
Abstract: Background and Aim: Herbs Carissa spinarum, Physalis minima and Toddalia asiati are used in the treatments of certain ailments in Kisii and Nyamira Counties region, Kenya but few studies have been conducted on the quality, efficacy and safety of using various parts of these herbs for these treatments. The principal aim of the present study was to standardize the three herbs of interest. This research was carried out to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in the methanolic extract of whole plant Physalis minima, and leaves as wells roots of Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica. Materials and Methods: Each part of the herb was extracted by soaking in methanol/dichloromethane in ratio 1:1 for seven days. Subsequently, it was filtered and concentrated by rotary vapor, and then the solvent allowed to escape and be solidified. The same process was repeated three times in all samples. Determination of the total phenolic content (mgGAE/g) was done by Folin-Ciocalteu on 765 nm using a spectrophotometer.The total flavonoid content (mgQE/g) was determined by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay on 415 nm. Total tannin content (mgCE/g) was analyzed by modified vanillin assay. Results: The highest and lowest levels of total phenolic content were observed in the roots of Toddalia asiatica and Carissa spinarum respectively. The highest and lowest levels of total flavonoid content were observed in Physalis minima and in the root of Carissa spinarum respectively. The highest and lowest levels of total tannin content were observed in the leaf extract of Toddalia asiatica and root extract of Carissa spinarum respectively. Conclusion: The highest total phenolic content was observed in the root extract of Toddalia asiatica.The highest total flavonoid content was observed in the extract of whole plant Physalis minima, while the highest total tannin content was observed in the leaf extract of Toddalia asiatica.
PubDate: 2022-03-24
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i1.874
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 2 (2022)
- Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Cissus quadrangularis
L.
Authors: Sandeep Pandey *, Shikha Parmar, Monika Shukla Shukla, Varsha Sharma Sharma, Akansha Dwivedi, Anamika Pandey, Monika Mishra
Abstract: Traditional system of medicine practiced since time immemorial has emerged as an alternative for modern medicine as it is economical, nature-based and without side effects. Medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L. has been used in the Indian system of traditional medicine due to its easier propagation and availability. The phytochemical composition of the plant mainly consists of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, benzenoids, phenols, and total protein. The stem is the most important part of the plant with various therapeutic properties. The plant exhibits anti-arthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-microbial, anti-hemorrhoidal, anthelmintic, and other pharmacological properties. The plant has traditionally been used in the treatment of broken bones, rheumatic pains, bowel infections, burns, wounds, eye disorders, menstrual disorders, boils, asthma, gastritis, piles hemorrhoids, anemia, and indigestion. This systematic review documented the phytochemical composition of various plant parts along with evaluating research articles for designing the pharmacological application of the plant and its use in drug industries.
PubDate: 2022-03-22
Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 2 (2022)
- The Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia amygdalina Decne, An Endemic Plant
Species from Kashmir Himalaya: A Review
Authors: Summia Rehman, Aijaz Hassan Ganie *, Zafar A Reshi
Abstract: The genus Artemisia occupies an important place in the rich plant biodiversity of Kashmir Himalayas. Being endemic to Kashmir Himalaya, Artemisia amygdalina is used as medicine to treat various diseases. This plant species has been used in folk medicine in the treatment of a number of diseases, including epilepsy, piles, nervous disorders, cough, cold, fever, and pain since ages. Significant progress has been made in phytochemical and biological investigations of Artemisia during the past few years. However, a detailed and critical review of A. amygdalina, which is an important endemic medicinal plant species, is not available. It is in this backdrop that a comprehensive and critical review of this plant species has been compiled. Relevant literature regarding Artemisia amygdalina was retrieved from databases like Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, SciFinder, and Science Direct. Moreover, we collected data from classic books, unpublished materials and papers on this plant species. Artemisia amygdalina are widely utilized in the treatment of illnesses such as malaria, hepatitis, cancer, inflammation and infections by fungi, bacteria and viruses. This species is rich in bioactive compounds like alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, p-cymene, 1, 8-cineole, phenolics, tannins (polyphenolics), steroids, etc. These secondary metabolites attribute remedial properties to the species. This review article was written to provide readers with up-to-date information on the active components, pharmacology, traditional uses, trade and difficulties in the conservation and sustainable use of this significant plant species.
PubDate: 2022-03-04
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v7i1.852
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 1 (2022)
- A Comparison of Chitosan Gel and St. John’s Wort Oil in Second-Degree
Burns: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ahmet Gökhan Güler *, Ahmet Burak Doğan, Ali Erdal Karakaya, Abdulkadir Yasir Bahar, Fatih Mehmet Yazar
Abstract: Background and Aim: Hypericum perforatum L. (HP) and chitosan are materials that are abundant in nature with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibiotic properties. The present study aimed to examine the effects of these two materials on burn injuries. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one rats were divided into three groups, and burn injuries were experimentally created. Macroscopic healing of the wounds was evaluated by drawing the wound borders on transparent acetates once a week. At the end of four weeks, all the animals were sacrificed, and histopathological examinations were performed. The intact dorsum skin of the animals killed was excised to create the control group. A total of four groups were created, i.e. control, saline, St. John’s Wort Oil (SJWO), and chitosan gel group, respectively. The results were compared statistically. Results: At the end of the third week, the maximum reduction was observed in the SJWO group in the macroscopic examination (p<0.05). In histopathological examinations, dermal inflammation (Chi-square test, p<0.05) and epidermis thickness (Mann-Whitney U, p<0.05) were found to have the highest levels in the chitosan group. Conclusion: All the preparations used in this study to treat burn injuries were effective, and the wounds improved compared to the initial state. SJWO was determined to provide the best healing of the burns. Long-term use of chitosan gel did not positively affect, with both macroscopic and histopathological findings showing that it delayed the healing of wounds compared to saline and SJWO.
PubDate: 2022-03-04
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i1.858
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 1 (2022)
- Can Edible Mushrooms with Antiviral Properties be Used for COVID-19
Treatment'
Authors: Pallab Chakraborty *
Abstract: Total 219 countries and territories globally suffering from the recent viral disease covid 19 that is now in its second wave with more severity, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). In the present situation as death and number of affected person increases due to covid 19, following all guidelines like-as wearing mask, maintain physical distancing, washing of hands with soap and detergents seems to be the most effective but along with that boosting our health immunity by consuming Edible mushroom with antiviral properties can be the game changer. Thus further investigation and more laboratory research works to assess potential mushrooms could possibly help to fight against covid 19 infections in the upcoming days.
PubDate: 2022-03-04
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i2.878
Issue No: Vol. 7, No. 1 (2022)
- An Ethno-Botanical Survey of Plants Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Treatment: A Case Study of Gusau in Nigeria
Authors: Ayodeji Oluwatobi Ojetunde, Geoffrey Timothy Tongshuwar, Ayandunmola Folake Oyegoke, Toyese Oyegoke
Abstract: Background and Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is known as the most prevalent type of polyarticular inflammatory arthritis with a variety of features, including continual synovial inflammation, bony erosions, and progressive destruction with varying physical disability and degrees of pains. The aim of this study is to provide the knowledge about plants used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment by people residing in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The survey was carried out using an electronic questionnaire to obtain information about plants used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The plants that were used, part of the plant(s), mode of preparation, and transferability of knowledge were documented. Results: About 12 plant species, i.e. Allium sativum Linn., Curcuma longa Linn., Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich., Zingiber officinale Roscoe., Telfairia occidentalis Hook.f., Moringa oleifera Lam., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Vernonia amygdalina Del., Momordica charantia Linn., Persea americana Mill., Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn., and Nigella sativa Linn. were reported in a different frequency, with 16.83% of the respondents reporting herbal mixtures without a knowledge source of the plants. The plant parts used in rheumatoid arthritis treatment were roots, leaves, bulbs, fruits, and stems prepared in different forms like grinding, decoction, infusion, herbal mixture, and blending. Conclusion: There is a great level of transfer of these medicinal plants' knowledge to friends and family members. This ethnobotanical survey has shown these plants' local uses in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
PubDate: 2021-12-15
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i4.868
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 4 (2021)
- Effectiveness of household Plants in Phytochemical constituents,
antimicrobial activity, and antioxidants with different solvents
Authors: K V Radha
Abstract: The phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts obtained from Acalypha indica, Azadirachta indica, Lawsonia inermis and Murraya koneigii were studied. In the present work, plant extracts were prepared using ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents. Crude and soxhlet method were used for extraction process. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done to reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, steroids, and anthocyanins. Quantitative analysis were done for the estimation of phenolic content and vitamin C. Soxhlet methanolic leaf extracts of Acalypha indica (4.80mg/ml) showed high level of phenolic content and Vitamin C content was found to be high in methanolic crude and soxhlet extract of Murraya koenigii (3.7mg/ml and 2.4mg/ml). Antimicrobial assay was carried out by agar disk diffusion method against seven bacterial strains. Gram positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative organisms like Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter faecalis and Escherichia coli were used. The antimicrobial activities of each extract were assessed by measuring the diameter zone of inhibition. The plant extracts tested were highly effective against Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter fecalis. Compared to aqueous extracts, methanolic and ethanolic extracts showed more antimicrobial activity. Methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis showed higher zone of inhibition compare to other extracts.
PubDate: 2021-11-25
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i1.814
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 4 (2021)
- Dioscorides on Pistacia lentiscus L. and Marrubium vulgare L. through
pharmacological properties of today.
Authors: John Pouris, Frantzeska Stylianou
PubDate: 2021-11-25
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i4.850
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 4 (2021)
- Effect of Saffron on serum zinc and copper in patients with metabolic
syndrome
Authors: Maryam Saberi-Karimian, Susan Darroudi, Fatemeh Shaghi, Shima Tavallaei, Hamide Safarian, Gordon A. Ferns, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan, Tayyebeh Kermany, Maryam Shemshian
Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally. Previous studies have shown that saffron has anti-oxidative effects. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are important trace elements involved in antioxidant protection. We aimed to investigate the effects of saffron supplements on serum levels of Cu, Zn and SOD in subjects with MetS.Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial comprised 70 subjects with MetS, aged18-75 years, who referred to the Nutrition Clinic in Ghaem Hospital. They were divided into 2 groups: 1- saffron group: taking a capsule of saffron 100 mg/kg/day (50 mg twice a day) (n=35); 2- placebo group: taking a capsule of placebo (twice a day) (n=35), for a period of 12 weeks. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure serum zinc and copper levels in all subjects. Serum SOD activity determined using pyrogallol indirect spectrophotometric assay. SPSS version 18 was used for all the statistical analysis.Results: Fifty-six subjects completed the study. There were no significant differences in baseline features between the saffron and placebo groups (p> 0.05). The changes in serum zinc levels at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention were significant between the saffron and placebo groups (p=0.041), (Table 2). While, there were no significant differences changes in serum copper, ZN/Cu and SOD1 between 2 study groups before and after the intervention.Conclusion:The results of current study showed that saffron supplementation for a period of 12 weeks can increase serum Zn level in patients with MetS.
PubDate: 2021-11-19
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v6i2.818
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 4 (2021)
- Physicochemical Properties of Bromelain Adsorption on Magnetic Carbon
Nanoparticles and in Vitro Cytotoxicity on Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Fatemeh Karimian Rad, Mina Ramezani, Azadeh Mohammadgholi
Abstract: Background and Aim: As a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the pineapple stalk, Bromelain (Br) is known as an anticancer agent. In the first stage of this research, we studied the physicochemical factors which influence the maximum adsorption of Br on magnetic carbone nanoparticles (MCNPs) and then the anticarcinogenic activity of Br enzyme alone. Moreover, they were evaluated in combination with these particles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The operational determinants influencing Br adsorption such as pH, contact time (30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min), adsorbent dosage (1 gr/L, 5 gr/L), initial Br concentration (50, 150 and 300 mg/L) and temperature (35 and 50°C) were studied in detail. Then cancer cells were exposed to various Br concentrations (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) and the cell viability was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay after 24, 48 and 72 h. Results: The highest adsorption of Br on MCNPs was 44 mg/g and was achieved at pH 5, 35°C and 120 min with 50 mg/L initial Br concentration and 1g/L MCNPs. The adsorption used the Freundlich and pseudo first-order kinetic models. The results indicated that MCNPs could be a potential effective adsorbent for the removal of Br. MTT assay indicated that a 100 μg/mL concentration of Br alone (after 24 h) and in combination with MCNPs (after 72 h) could efficiently inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Although the dose of Bromelain on synthesized MCNPS is about 440 times less than Bromelain alone, it possesses a significant cytotoxicity (P<0.001). Moreover, synthesized MCNPS had a considerable advantage of slow delivery which is favorable for the treatment of cancer.
PubDate: 2021-11-19
DOI: 10.22087/hmj.v5i4.839
Issue No: Vol. 6, No. 4 (2021)
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