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- A Study of Endurance Exercise Type, Citrus Aurantium (CA) Supplementation
and Their Interactive Effects on the Antioxidant Status, CRP, and AngII of
Cardiac Tissue in Elderly Rats
Abstract: Introduction: The current study was aimed at determining the interactive effects of two training types of HIIT and MICT along with citrus aurantium supplementation on the antioxidant status, CRP and AngII of cardiac tissue in elderly rats. Methods: Thirty-five elderly female Sprague-Dawley rats with the mean age of 14 months and mean weight of 270-320 g were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals, including High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT), High-Intensity Interval Training and Citrus Aurantium (HIIT+CA), Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training and Citrus Aurantium (MICT+CA), Citrus Aurantium (CA), Sham (Normal Saline), and Control. HIIT was conducted at 85-110%Vo2max and MICT was performed at 65-75%Vo2max. 300 mg/kg/day CA was injected peritoneally into each rat. HIIT, MICT, and CA supplementation protocols were performed before the statistical test. SOD, CAT, GPX activity levels (by ELISA), and CRP and AngII gene expression levels (by Real-time PCR) were measured in cardiac tissue. Results: Training, CA, and training+CA significantly increased SOD (P≤0.05), and CAT (P≤0.05) activity levels and reduced GPX (P≤0.05) activity levels. Also, training and CA significantly increased AngII gene expression levels (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that training and CA supplementation instigated a significant change in SOD, CAT, and GPX activity levels. Thus, it is suggested that HIIT, MICT, and CA should be used in order to improve the antioxidant status in elderly conditions. Also, the interactive combination of Training and CA seems to have a better effect on the antioxidant status in the elderly.
- The Effect of Short-Term Probiotic Consumption on Aerobic and Anaerobic
Capacity and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Football Players
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of present study was to review the effect of short-term probiotic consumption on aerobic and anaerobic capacity and delayed onset muscle soreness in football players. Methods: Thirty male football players in the youth age group were selected purposefully and were randomly assigned to two supplement and placebo groups. Blood samples were gathered before and after the football simulation work out for measure the creatine kinase levels also muscle pain was measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the work out. Also, aerobic and anaerobic capacities were measured 24 hours before the pre-test and 24 hours before the post-test. Between the pre-test and the post-test, for two weeks, the subjects participated in the supplementation program specific to their group, so that one group received probiotic supplement and the other group received placebo (starch powder) in the same way (two caps received a dose of 2 x 108 microorganisms per day). Results: Short-term consumption of probiotic supplements led to a slight increase in the aerobic capacity (P=0.078) and anaerobic capacity (P=0.11) in football players, but this increase was not statistically. However, a significant reduction in muscle pain (P=0.001) and serum levels of creatine kinase (CK) (P=0.001) was observed in the supplement group compared to placebo group. Conclusion: It seems that the short-term consumption of probiotic supplements leads to the reduction of DOMS after intense exercise in young football players, which is probably due to the antioxidant properties of probiotics.
- Effects of Active Packaging Based on Chitosan Biopolymer Coating Enriched
with Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil on Shelf Life of Silver Carp during
Chilled Storage
Abstract: Introduction: This study examined the impact of a chitosan coating with Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZMEO) as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent on the quality and shelf life of silver carp fillets when stored in the refrigerator. Methods:The ZMEO-enriched chitosan coating was prepared at concentrations of 0%, 0.3%, 0.45%, and 0.6%. After packaging the filet sample, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties were evaluated and analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days at 4 °C. At day 15, the chitosan coating + 0.6% ZMEO resulted in considerably reduced numbers of TVC (total viable counts), EBC (Enterobacteriaceae), and LAB (lactic acid bacteria) compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The log CFU/g counts for TVC, EBC, and LAB were 4.78, 5.15, and 4.78, respectively. Result: The application of chitosan coating and 0.6% ZMEO effectively suppressed the increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile elemental nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV), and pH in the silver carp fillets. The findings show that applying a chitosan coating with ZMEO can prolong the nutritional value of silver carp fillets when stored in refrigerated circumstances for a maximum of 15 days without causing any negative changes in taste, smell, or texture. Conclusion: In summary, our work has demonstrated that a chitosan coating enhanced with ZMEO has the potential to effectively prolong the shelf life of silver carp fillets when stored in refrigerated conditions.
- The Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Session in Fasting Versus Satiety on Fat
and Carbohydrate Oxidation in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Overweight Men
Abstract: Introduction: This study aimed to the effect of an aerobic exercice session in fasting versus satiety on fat and carbohydrate oxidation in hypoxia and normoxia in overweight men.Methods: Sixteen overweight men, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25-29.9, a mean age of 30.75 ± 6.79 years, and maximum oxygen consumption of 24.67 ± 4.61 liters per minute, voluntarily participated in the study. Each participant underwent four conditions, including fasting hypoxia, normal hypoxia, fasting normoxia, and normal normoxia. during the study, the participants completed a 30-minute aerobic test on a CUCLUS2 bike with a heart rate (bp/m) of 60-70% in a hypoxia tent at an altitude of 3000 meters and 14.5% oxygen, or in normoxia condition in the laboratory facilities of Razi University of Kermanshah Sports Sciences Faculty. In the satiated state, the participants were provided with two pieces of toast, one tablespoon of peanut butter, and one glass of milk. The breathing gases were collected for 30 minutes to evaluate fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Results: The results of the study showed that fat oxidation was significantly higher in the fasted group than in the satiety group (p<0.05) in both hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Moreover, fat oxidation in normoxia was significantly higher than in hypoxia (p<0.05). In contrast, carbohydrate oxidation and respiratory exchange ratio were significantly lower in the fasted group than in the satiety group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that training in a hypoxia state, whether fasting or full, is a suitable non-invasive method to tackle obesity and overweight.
- Evaluation of the Effect of the Film Prepared on the Basis of Polylactic
Acid Tragacanth Gum Films Containing Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil on the
Shelf Life and Characteristics of Feta Cheese
Abstract: Introduction: chemical preservatives are widely used to increase the shelf life of food products. But due to their disadvantages, today the main research is in the field of using natural preservatives. This study was carried out to prepare a film based on polylactic acid and tragacanth gum containing Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) on the microbial, chemical and sensorial properties of feta cheese. Methods: OVEO was extracted by steam distillation and its composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most important parameters of PLA films were determined: thickness, turbidity and humidity. The antibacterial effects of films were evaluated against four common pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7) by disk diffusion method. Results: The results of physical properties showed that there was no significant difference in film turbidity when adding different OVEO concentrations (p>0.05). In part of moisture and turbidity, there was a significant difference between films containing different concentration of OVEO and pure film (p<0.05). The results of the antimicrobial activity showed that the Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm), E. coli (6 mm), Listeria and Salmonella (1 mm), were the most sensitive organisms respectively. The most sensitive and largest diameter of the inhibition zone was in Aspergillus (13 mm). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the film based on polylactic acid and tragacanth gum containing OVEO can be successful natural preservative with the least adverse effect on the properties of different products. Food has a wide application in the industry.
- The Trend of Malnutrition Frequency among Imam Reza Teaching Hospital:
Results from Nutrition Day 2019-2021
Abstract: Introduction: Malnutrition is a global health issue that affects nearly forty percent of the population. Hospital malnutrition is a severe medical problem that is often overlooked and has negative impacts on both patients' health and the economy. Additionally, malnutrition increases the risk of clinical complications and mortality. On Nutrition Day (nDay), patients in hospital wards and nursing homes worldwide participate in a cross-sectional survey to assess their nutritional status using a standard questionnaire. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition among patients at Imam Reza Teaching Hospital from 2019 to 2021. Method: This study analyzed nDay data from Mashhad’s Imam Reza Teaching Hospital from 2019 to 2021. The study included demographic and nutritional data from patients in fourteen different wards/units of the hospital. By examining patient-reported responses to questions about malnutrition and its risk factors, we present an overview of malnutrition trends over the past three years. Results: The frequency of malnutrition in Burn units was highest at 37.5% in the male unit in 2020 (P-value: < 0.0001). The lowest BMI was observed in Oncology patients, averaging 18.9±2.4 in 2019. The most significant decrease in nutritional intake occurred in the Gastroenterology department, at 37.5% in 2019. The highest change in hospital nutrition intake one week before admission was in the General Surgery ward, with a 47.4% decrease in 2019. Conclusion: Considering the significance of malnutrition, particularly in hospitals, utilizing nDay as a standard questionnaire and screening tool could assist the health system in addressing this issue. Our study of malnutrition trends in Mashhad teaching hospitals from 2019 to 2021 indicates that Burn units, Gastroenterology, Oncology, and General Surgery departments are the most susceptible to malnutrition and thus require increased attention.
- Sustainable Diets: Bridging between Climate Change and Food Security
Abstract: There is a complex relationship between climate change, security and sustainability of the food system, which greatly affects human health. Different factors of climate change can have a positive or negative effect on the food system and pattern; There are various strategies to control or avoid these effects, which we discuss in this article. Studies published from the beginning to 2024 analyzing "the effect of climate change on food security and role of sustainable diets" were searched by searching Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Web of Science. Among the screened articles, related articles were reviewed. The effects of climate change on food production and availability, as well as extreme weather events, affect both the physical and economic accessibility of food. Climate change also affects the stability and resilience of food systems, which has long-term implications for food security. Additionally, efforts to achieve food security through agricultural intensification and land expansion contribute to greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and land use changes. The solution lies in establishing a sustainable nutrition and food system that ensures food security for all without compromising the economic, social, and environmental well-being of future generations. Some of these nutritional and dietary patterns, such as Eat-lancet, vegetarian, and Mediterranean diets, have been investigated and approved by numerous scientific sources. Certainly, more interventions focusing on sustainable food pattern and other adaptation methods and necessary strategies for their widespread implementation are needed.
- Does Ramadan Fasting along with Circuit Resistance Training Have an Effect
on Body Composition and Lipid Profiles of Healthy Inactive Middle-aged
Men'
Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity and healthy nutrition are essential components of a healthy lifestyle. Fasting during Ramadan also showing potential health benefits. However, the impact of combining fasting and physical activity on health outcomes in diverse individuals remains relatively unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting alone or with circuit resistance training on the body composition and lipid profile of middle-aged men. Methods: Thirty inactive and healthy adult males were randomly assigned to one of three groups in this study: fasting (30 days of Ramadan fasting), circuit resistance training (30 days of Ramadan fasting plus 12 training sessions), or the control group. A day prior to the commencement of the fasting month of Ramadan and one day subsequent to its conclusion, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed utilizing established methodologies. The training program consisted of 12 training sessions every other day, which lasted between 30 and 45 minutes. This training protocol was done at 5:00 PM. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. The data were analyzed with the statistical method of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The results showed that, compared to the control group, the variables of body weight (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), body fat % (P=0.001) and muscle mass (P=0.002) decreased significantly in the fasting and fasting combined with exercise groups. In contrast to the control group, the intervention groups exhibited negligible reductions in total cholesterol (P=0.082), triglyceride (P=0.132), and LDL-C (P=0.123) levels. In addition, it was observed that the HDL-C level in the fasting (P=0.001) and fasting combined with training (P=0.001) groups was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the integration of circuit resistance training with a one-month fast during Ramadan has resulted in changes in body composition, including a reduction in body weight, BMI, body fat%, and muscle mass. A non-significant reduction in the blood lipid profile, however, accompanied these modifications. However, the HDL variable was also reduced following the implementation of exercise and fasting.
- Mind Matters: Examining the Link between Mental Lifestyle Determinants and
Muscle Mass
Abstract: Introduction: There was evidence of a correlation between changes in muscle mass and mental health. Depression, stress, anxiety, sleep quality, and smoking are all aspects of one's mental lifestyle. The current study sought to evaluate the association between muscle mass and intangible mental lifestyle variables in a population of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences employees. Methods: This study used PERSIAN cohort data from 4572 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences employees aged 30 to 70 years who volunteered for the employee health-monitoring plan. Results: The results showed that factors, such as DASS21 (P=0.002, β= -0.047), PSQI (P<0.001, β= -0.064) and smoking (P<0.001, β= -0.207), had significant negative relationships with skeletal muscle mass index. Conclusions: With a high R2, the structural model of the final hypothesis shows remarkable validity. The results of this study demonstrated a strong correlation between skeletal muscle mass and mental lifestyle factors, such as smoking, sleep hygiene, and mental health. In the current study, the most significant relationship is related to smoking.
- Association between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, Body Composition
and Mortality among the Elderly
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic inflammation in the elderly is associated with various age-related diseases and may contribute to functional decline and reduced quality of life. An imbalance in body composition, characterized by an excess of fat and inadequate levels of muscle mass, has been identified as an underlying cause of inflammation. Numerous prognostic factors, such indexes are employed to measure inflammation. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a reliable indicator of inflammation and has been found to have a substantial correlation with mortality in numerous investigations. The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between body composition, mortality, and SII. Methods: This cross-sectional design utilized data from the Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA). The participants included in the study were 60 years old or older. SII scores were calculated using data from individual blood bank records. Data analysis involved analytical techniques such as correlation coefficient, logistic regression, and linear regression. Results: A total of 3,534 individuals took part, with 1,858 being male. The median age of participants was 65.71. The study revealed a notable association between the percentage of body fat and SII (p<0.001). The overall mortality rate was 0.93 in 1000. Mortality was linked to SII after adjusting for confounding variables (OR = 1.001, 95% CI = 1.000 to 1.002, P = 0.047). Conclusion: SII only correlated with blood pressure and body fat. A weak correlation observed between SII and hs-CRP, which was linked to overall mortality in the elderly.
- Assessment of knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Food Service Staff
Regarding Food Safety at Mashhad University Hospitals
Abstract: Introduction: Foodborne diseases are a serious public health problem. Food service staff who work in kitchens play an important role in spreading foodborne pathogen. Food infections are preventable, and food safety education is a key for preventing them. Regarding the importance of safe food preparation in hospitals and its impact on patient’s health, in this study, our purpose is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of food service staff in the hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at nine hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2019–2020. In this study, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of 57 food service staff of hospital catering were evaluated by a validated questionnaire based on a WHO publication. Results: Results showed that the correct answer mean scores of food safety knowledge, practice and attitude of the participants to the related questionnaire were, 84.78%, 78.77%, and 80.54% respectively, that it demonstrated of good knowledge, practice and attitude of food service staff in the hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Of all participants, 35.1% were chefs, 57.9% worked in a cook series, and 7% were nutritionists. Among people who answered the questions, 89.5% had passed food hygiene courses. Conclusion(s): Holding educational courses about food hygiene and safety for food service staff in hospitals is necessary.
- Estimating the Cost and Ratio of the Optimal Food Basket by Iranians to
the Minimum Wage
Abstract: Introduction: One of the most important applications of these optimal food baskets is to estimate the food supply cost. This study aimed to estimate the cost of an optimal food basket for Iranians and the ratio of the cost of an optimal food basket to the minimum wage in 2020 and 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional study estimates the costs and ratio of the optimal food basket to the minimum wage of workers from the perspective of economically vulnerable groups. The cost approach is based on the research data using forms and checklists prepared by the researcher and referring to the information published by the Statistics Center, the Central Bank and the Ministry of Welfare. Excel software was used to calculate and draw graphs. Results: This study shows that the high cost is for red meat, fruits and dairy products. The lowest cost is for pasta, sugar and potatoes. The per capita cost of an optimal food basket for one day in 2020 and 2021 is 223576 and 306833 Rials, respectively. The ratio of the cost of an optimal food basket of the minimum wage in 2020 and 2021 was 57 and 50 percent, respectively. Conclusion: Paying attention to the adequacy of purchasing power in providing the optimal food basket can be an important basis in determining wages, especially in the lower income deciles and the working class.
- Knowledge and Attitude of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Students regarding Food Hygiene in Disasters
Abstract: Introduction: Access to nutritious and sanitary food is crucial for maintaining a healthy life under any circumstances, with particular significance during disasters. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and attitudes towards food safety during disasters among students at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study was conducted in 2022 using a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample consisted of 350 students from the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The research tools comprised a demographic survey and a researcher-developed questionnaire assessing knowledge and attitudes towards food hygiene during disasters. Following data collection, it was inputted into SPSS 24 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and independent t-tests. Results: The average age of the students involved in the study was 21.25 ± 3.17. The average knowledge and attitude scores of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences students regarding food hygiene during disasters were 80.80 ± 5.22 and 22.00 ± 10.51, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the knowledge level and the educational level of the participants. Television and radio were identified as the primary sources of information on food hygiene during disasters, while friends and family were the least utilized sources. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is recommended to enhance public education on food hygiene during disasters as a core curriculum in medical science universities. This education should be widely implemented across various departments and faculties to reach a broader audience. The use of mass media, particularly radio and television, should be prioritized for effective dissemination of information.
- Prevalence and Severity of Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Its Lifestyle
Abstract: Introduction: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are prevalent respiratory disorders with significant societal and healthcare impacts. This study will be conducted on the participants of the Persian Cohort study at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (POCM) to determine the prevalence of asthma and COPD and to explore their relationship with dietary patterns, urban structure, lifestyle, and the severity in Iran. Methods: A comprehensive assessment will be employed in this cohort study, including lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, anthropometry, spirometry, depression and stress levels, sleep quality, and physical activity. Individual-level analysis will utilize multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between outcome variables and potential predictors like air quality, smoking, occupation, socioeconomic status, and nutritional status. Adjustments for gender, age, chronic health conditions, and other potential confounders will be incorporated. Results: This study will investigate the most closely associated factors influencing the prevalence and severity of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions: The final outcomes will delineate the relationship between the prevalence of asthma and COPD and various lifestyle factors, including socioeconomic status, air pollution, and physical activity.
- The Effect of Aerobic Training Combined With Martighal Consumption on
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Homocysteine in Sedentary Women
with Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract: Introduction: Recently, the role of using medicinal plants during exercise training has been expanded with the aim of improving antioxidant and cardiovascular function in healthy and sick obese populations.In this study, the aim is to investigate the effect of aerobic training combined with Martighal extract on the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and homocysteine in female with metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this clinical trial, 48 obese females (30 ≤ BMI ≤ 36, 84.45 ± 5.41 kg) diagnosed with metabolic syndrome aged 30-45 years of old were randomly allocated into four distinct groups: control (no intervention); Martighal extract (280 mg /daily); aerobic training (alternate days) and combined group (aerobic training + Martighal). Baseline concentrations of fasting VEGF and homocysteine, along with anthropometric measurements, were recorded prior to and 48 hours subsequent to the final training session for each group. To analyze the data, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed for inter-group comparisons, while the paired-sample t-test was utilized to assess intra-change in each group (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Compared to control group, serum VEGF significantly increased in the aerobic, Martighal and combined groups (P=0.001).There was no significant difference in homocysteine levels in response to the interventions (P=0.919). Conclusion: Despite the mentioned evidence, the effectiveness of Martighal consumption during aerobic exercise cannot be emphasized only by improving VEGF, and it is suggested to measure other markers of vascular endothelial function in order to obtain the mechanisms responsible for Martighal supplementation during exercise in this patients.
- The Effect of Interval Training on PPARy-GLUT4 Expression in Subcutaneous
Adipose Tissue of Male Wistar Obese Rats
Abstract: Introduction: Genetic and metabolic dysfunctions are primary contributors to the onset and intensity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) through the promotion of insulin resistance. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression levels of PPARγ and GLUT4 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as its influence on insulin sensitivity among obese rats. Methods: Obesity induced by high fat diet (HDF) in 14 male wistar rats and then were divided accidentally into exercise (HIIT, n = 7) or control (n = 7) groups. The rats or exercise group were completed an 8 weeks HIIT (5 days / weekly) and control rats remained no-training. Fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue measured at 48 hours after lasting exercise session. Independent T test used to compare each variables between 2 groups. Results: HIIT resulted in significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (P = 0.001) and increase in insulin sensitivity (P = 0.001), PPARγ expression (P = 0.038) and GLUT4 expression (P = 0.019) in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with control rats. Conclusion: HIIT can be improving insulin sensitivity in obese rats. This improvement may be attributed to increase PPARγ and GLUT4 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
- The Effect of High-Protein and Low-Calorie Diets on Sleep Quality in
Individuals with Obesity
Abstract: Obesity, defined as excess body fat, has become a global epidemic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Sleep problems are among the complications faced by obese individuals, although such problems are not very common. Previous studies indicate that obese individuals have a significantly greater likelihood of developing insomnia and other sleep disorders. Meanwhile, there is growing scientific evidence that diet and sleep may be related, and that weight loss can improve sleep quality and sleep-related indexes. In order to improve sleep quality and alleviate sleep disorders, this study examined the effects of weight loss diets on sleep quality in obese individuals. The literature indicates that sleep quality and sleep-related indexes are improved by weight loss. Compared with a low-fat diet, a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD) does not adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors for short-term weight loss. When weight loss is combined with VLCD, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be improved.
- Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Ellagic Acid on Liver Steatosis in
Overweight/Obese Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: Study
Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is a condition that can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no definite treatment for NAFLD. Ellagic acid (EA) is natural polyphenol with proven pharmacological properties, but its effectiveness on NAFLD in patients is not clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid on liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Method: This randomized, double-blind, controlled, and parallel clinical trial will be conducted on 60 patients with NAFLD (grade 2 or above) who will be allocated in intervention or placebo groups with 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will receive capsules containing 200 mg EA while the placebo group will receive avicel as placebo for 8 weeks. Body composition and anthropometric indices will be measured at baseline, end of 4th and 8th week. Transient elastography, 3-day food record, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and laboratory tests (CBC/diff, uric acid, creatinine, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c]), aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], albumin, high sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and insulin) will be performed for both groups at baseline and end of the study. Conclusion: We expect that 200 mg EA ellagic acid administration for 8 weeks will improve liver steatosis, clinical and paraclinical outcomes in NAFLD patients.
- Synergistic Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Atorvastatin in
Treatment of NAFLD in Rats Fed High Fat/Fructose Diet
Abstract: Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease that ranges from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver carcinoma. With the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, there is a growing need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Stable pharmaceutical compositions containing atorvastatin have been developed to treat hypercholesterolemia and related conditions. In addition, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can have positive effects on NAFLD. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: 1) high fat-fructose diet (HFFD) + HIIT, 2) HFFD + HIIT + atorvastatin. The groups received HFFD for 15 weeks to induce NAFLD. Atorvastatin was administrated at the dose of 2 mg/kg/day. The interventions (atorvastatin and HIIT) were done for 8 weeks. Results: Triglyceride (TG), Alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly reduced in the HFFD + HIIT + atorvastatin. The groups had no significant difference in weight, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and HDL/LDL ratio.
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