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- Geranyl flavanone from (L.) Swingle
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Feronia limonia (synonyms: Feronia elephantum, Hesperethusa crenulata, Limonia acidissima Linn, Schinus limonia) is a member of Rutaceae family. F. limonia is an aesthetically pleasing plant with various medicinal and nutraceutical properties.Objective: The primary objective of this research was to determine the flavonoid from F. limonia.Methods: Different solvents have been soxhleted to the roots of F. limonia powder. Column chromatography was performed using silica gel, a yellow amorphous solid was obtained from ethyl acetate extract after elution with hexane: ethyl acetate (4:8).Results: We have successfully isolated a unique geranyl flavanone from the roots of F. limonia. The structure was verified as 8-(2′′,3′′-epoxy-3′′-methyl butyl)-4′-prenyloxy flavanone-7-O-6′′′′-acetyl β-D-glucopyranoside.Conclusion: According to the findings based upon spectroscopic analysis, a hitherto unknown flavanone was isolated in the F. limonia.
PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Morphological and biochemical responses of selected species under drought
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Drought stress is known to change biochemical activities resulting in altered plant growth and development.Objective: Due to the shortage of research evidence in a certain taxa of basil, it is imperative to examine the relationship between drought stress and morphological changes as well as essential oil accumulation.Methods: An open field experiment was conducted in 2020 to determine the effects of drought stress on the morphological and biochemical responses of selected Ocimum species. Five basil species, namely O. basilicum ‘Genovese’, O. basilicum ‘Ohre’, O. × africanum, O. americanum, O. selloi, and O. sanctum ‘Krishna’ were grown under irrigated (control) and non-irrigated (drought stress treatment) plots with two block replications.Results: The result showed that irrigation had a positive effect on production. Consequently, fresh and dry biomass yields were higher on irrigated plots by 39% and 33%, respectively. No significant changes were detected between the treatments in essential oils (EO) yield and EO composition of major compounds. However, a slight increase in camphor (O. × africanum), nerol (O. americanum), and trans-β-caryophyllene (O. sanctum ‘Krishna’) ratios were observed under irrigation treatments. On the other hand, drought stress increased EO content, polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, drought stress had a positive effect on the ratios of 1,8-cineole (O. × africanum), and eugenol (O. sanctum ‘Krishna’). There is only a slight increase in EO content under drought stress, which is not comparable to the significant yield reduction recorded. Morphological and biochemical variations were also detected among basil species. Accordingly, higher biomass (616.33 g/plant) and EO yield (3.72 ml/100 g) among the species were obtained from O. basilicum ‘Genovese’ and O. × africanum, respectively.Conclusion: Irrigation is imperative for maximizing biomass and EO yield of tested basil species.
PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Synthetic seeds technology of as a method for short-term storage and
propagation of valuable genotypes
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: The technological advancements in the production of synthetic seeds are critical for the preservation of valuable genotypes of many herbal plants, including Salvia officinalis – sage.Objective: The aim of this study was the production, storage and conversion of artificial sage seeds. The technology of synthetic seeds is placing explants capable of regeneration into plants in a protective casing.Methods: Apical and axillary buds were encapsulated with 1.2% sodium alginate solution, and then dripped in 200 mM CaCl2 solution. Artificial seeds were stored at 4°C for 30 days and then converted on MS medium containing 0.3 mg/l of BAP.Results: The synthetic seeds technology made it possible to obtain a high level of seeds conversion into plants using apical buds (85.0%), and slightly lower in the case of side buds (62.5%).Conclusion: The fully developed technology of synthetic seeds made it possible to obtain a high level of plant viability, which may prove useful for the storage of valuable genotypes of sage.
PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Evaluation of detoxification of aflatoxin-b1 by using Ag nanoparticles of
oil extracts user prepared by using some medical herbs
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Herbs or plants are used for a variety of purposes, including nutrition, medicinal and in the beverage industry, beverages, coloring, food preservatives, insect repellants and cosmetics.Methods: Many plants were obtained from local markets and the oil was extracted with hexane at a concentration of 75%. Green silver nanoparticles were prepared. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and zeta potential analyzer.Results: The results showed small, smooth spherical nanoparticles, ranging between 57.41–88.00 nm, as well as the distribution of electric charges evenly on the surface of the nanoparticles, which acquired effective agents for nanoparticles against aflatoxin-b1. The effectiveness of green nanoparticles against aflatoxin-b1 by using high-performance liquid chromatography technology detected its concentration. The standard concentration of aflatoxin-b1 was (20) ppb. The results of the activity of plant oil extracts of T-thyme, rosemary-R, mint-M and eucalyptus-E reached (0.104, 1.586, 1.083 and 1.067) ppb, while it appears in the nanoparticle activity of T, R, M and E were as (0.065, 0.226, 0.377 and 0.702) ppb respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that green Ag nanoparticles are efficient in processing or eliminating aflatoxin-b1 and can be produced at very low concentrations compared to the concentrations of plant extracts prepared.
PubDate: Sat, 31 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Food supplements in Poland in context of issues related to their safety as
food
Abstract: SummaryIn Poland, food supplements have been popular among consumers for many years. Their sale brings producers huge profits. The interest in these products, especially in vitamin and mineral preparations and in immunity-supporting products increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-medication with untested dietary supplements may be health hazardous. Since in Poland and in other countries the procedures of quality control of food supplements are imperfect, this situation raises serious concerns about the risks of their unrestricted use and food fraud. The article briefly presents important problems in the safety of food supplements from the point of view of experts involved in their evaluation.
PubDate: Mon, 07 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Content of sterols in propagated (L.) Holub plants
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub (syn. Epilobium angustifolium L.) plants have been used in the treatment and alleviating symptoms of mild Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Plants are abundant in polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Apart from polyphenols, herb of this species also contains steroids, triterpenes and fatty acids.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the content of campesterol, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in C. angustifolium genotypes cultivated in vitro.Methods: Plants grown in vitro and the plants harvested from field were subjected to the HPLC-DAD analysis.Results: The investigated genotypes differed in sterol content. Stigmasterol (375.64–577.77 mg/100 g of dry weight – DW) was a predominant compound among the tested sterols. In contrast to in vitro cultures, plants harvested from field synthesized mainly β-sitosterol (103.05 mg/100 g DW), whereas campesterol and stigmasterol were less abundant.Conclusions: C. angustifolium in vitro cultures are rich source of phytosterols, particularly stigmasterol. Genotype had a significant effect on phytosterol accumulation under in vitro conditions.
PubDate: Mon, 07 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Role of natural fatty acids in prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular
diseases
Abstract: SummaryMultiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effects of supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) known as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), commonly called fish oils, on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In a living organism, omega-3 FA (EPA and DHA) and omega-6 FA (arachidonic acid [AA]) are also involved in the formation of key regulators of platelet aggregation, vasodilation and inflammation. It is important to know that EPA and DHA act in different ways on membrane structure and lipid metabolism. For this reason, combining DHA with EPA may modify the clinical effects of only EPA treatment. The effects of omega-3 FAs on cardiovascular system remain uncertain. Two recent negative trials of EPA + DHA, STRENGTH and OMEMI, have put the utility of omega-3 FAs in preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular events under debate. This paper presents the actual knowledge on the role of polyunsaturated acids in cardiovascular diseases.
PubDate: Mon, 07 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Effect of ethanolic extract of rosella ( L.) on vital signs, kidney, and
liver safety
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract is often used as immune-stimulant because it contains flavonoids, especially anthocyanin and quercetin with antioxidant activities.Objective: This study aimed to determine the safety of the rosella extract consumed in the form of capsules on the vital signs, haematologic parameters as well as kidney and liver function.Methods: This research was conducted using clinical trial pre- and post-test design in healthy participants. There were 21 healthy participants (52% male, age ranged 8–45) consuming rosella capsules for thirty days, in a dose of 500 mg extract daily. Leukocytes, lymphocytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and vital signs were consecutively evaluated on days 0, 31, and 45, respectively. The Wilcoxon and paired sample t-test were used to compare the parameters among the evaluated times.Results: The result showed that no significant difference for all parameters among the three time points (p>0.05).Conclusion: These findings suggested that the administration of ethanolic extract of rosella is potential safe and does not negatively affect the vital signs, haemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, BUN, SGOT, and SGPT.
PubDate: Mon, 07 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Chemical constituents and biological effects of essential oils of genus
(): A review
Abstract: SummaryClausena is a genus of Rutaceae family commonly used in traditional medicine. This report aims to provide the brief review on the chemical components and bioactivities of essential oils (EOs) isolated from Clausena plants. The phyto-chemicals of EOs obtained from different plant parts of Clausena species are characterized by several chemical groups such as oxygenated sesquiterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, etc. In addition, the studied oils also possess the antimicrobial, insecticidal and larvicidal activities.
PubDate: Mon, 07 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Valorisation of morphological and agricultural traits of 21 varieties of
flax L.
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Valorisation of the genetic resources of crop plants is related to the protection of biodiversity.Objective: The morphological and agricultural valorisation of 21 genotypes of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was carried out. Ten accessions of fibre flax were investigated: Fortuna, Izolda, Lazur, Swadzimski, Zwisły, Ariadna, Bryta, Waza, Milenium, Golęciński from Poland; Jordan, Tabor from Czech Republic; Argos, Venus from France; Baltuciai, Vega 2 from Lithuania: Irma, Persey from Ukraine; Rusicz from Russia and Alba from The Netherlands. The evaluation was also made for one linseed varieties from France, Drakkar.Methods: The studied genotypes of flax were the research material in two locations: in 2010 in Pętkowo and in 2011 in Wojciechów. The valorisation of the tested morphological and agricultural traits was carried out traditionally. Some of the valorised morphological features were also presented in the form of data for the International Flax Database.Results: Venus, Argos, Tabor and Jordan are varieties with a high fibre content in the stem. The highest fibre yield was found in Vega 2 in Pętkowo and Milenium in Wojciechów, and the lowest in Lazur in Pętkowo and Drakkar in Wojciechów. In both locations and years, the following cultivars were characterized by the highest seed yields: Lazur, Jordan, Argos, Vega 2, Golęciński and Persey. Cultivars Milenium in Pętkowo and Bryta in Wojciechów were the least valuable in terms of seed yield.Conclusions: Morphological and agricultural valorisation differed in both locations and years. The conducted experiment confirms the literature data that the valorisation results of flax accessions depend on agrometeorological conditions.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Comparative cytological studies of naturally grown plants and grown plants
of – an important medicinal plant species
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Gynura procumbens is an important medicinal plant that contains different types of chemical constituents that show tremendous curative effects.Objective: The aim of this research work was comparative karyomorphological analysis between in vitro and in vivo grown selected medicinal plant species.Methods: The roots were collected properly from naturally grown plants and in vitro propagated plants and pretreated with 1,4-para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) for 2.00 – 3.00 hours at room temperature. After pretreating with PDB the roots were washed thoroughly and kept in 1:3 (v/v) aceto-alcohol for 24 hours and then, transferred to 70% alcohol (v/v) for preservation. After that completing staining process, prepared slides were observed under microscope for karyotype analysis & ideogram preparation.Results: This research work reveled that both mother plant and tissue culture raised plants had 2n=20 chromosomes in somatic cell. No telocentric or acrocentric chromosome observed in the basic set of chromosomes. Both plants had 3 submetacentric and 7 metacentric chromosomes in the basic set of chromosomes. The centromeric formula for both plants was 3sm + 7m. The length of individual chromosome of in vivo plants ranged from 6.20 to 11.24 µm, whereas chromosome length of in vitro grown plants ranged from 6.08 to 11.22 µm. The total form percent (TF%) of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same (43.93%). Mother plant had 2A type of karyotype, the formula being 2Lsm + 4Msm + 4Mm + 10Sm. In vitro grown plant had also 2A type of karyotype which could be expressed by the formula, 2Lsm + 4Msm + 2Mm + 12Sm.Conclusion: The results of cytological studies point out that chromosome numbers of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same. There were very little karyotypic variations observed in case of both micropropagated and mother plants.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Use of polyunsaturated fatty acids in prevention and treatment of
gastrointestinal diseases, obesity and cancer
Abstract: SummaryFatty acids are important structural and functional elements of human body. We can distinguish several types: among others polyunsaturated fatty acids, which include omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) and omega-6 fatty acids(ω-6PUFA). The first group has pleiotropic health-promoting effects, while the second group, ω-6PUFA, negatively affects the homeostasis of the human body and contributes to the development of numerous diseases. Both the amount and the relative ratio of these acids in the diet is an important factor affecting health and quality of life.Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that ω-3PUFA have a positive effect on the therapy of illnesses such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ω-3 PUFA supplementation also appears to have a helpful effect in the adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer and recovery.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical qualitative
analysis of Boiss. ex C.A. Mey.
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey of the Ephedraceae family is an evergreen shrub distributed throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia. It has been a characteristic source of alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and other related mixes, which are of great importance for their biological and pharmacological potential.Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical constituents studies on stem, leaves and flowers extracts of E. foliata.Method: The air-dried plant sample was powdered with an electric grinder, then extracted successively with solvents, namely petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. The solid matter was separated by filtration and then solvents were evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator to obtain the crude extracts. Freshly prepared crude extracts were subjected to the standard procedures of preliminary phytochemical screening for the investigation of the presence or absence of different phytoconstituents. The result showed the presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of the crude extract was determined by agar well diffusion method.Results: Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all the tested pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus pneumonia, Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium herbarum and Candida tropicalis). All five extracts inhibited the growth of Y. enterocolitica.Conclusion: The antimicrobial properties of E. foliata extracts are of great interest in light of the ongoing threat of microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics. Phytoconstituents present in the E. foliata extracts might be a good alternative to modern antimicrobials as a natural compound.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Mucormycosis, a post-COVID infection: possible adjunctive herbal
therapeutics for the realigning of impaired immune-metabolism in diabetic
subjects
Abstract: SummaryCytokine storm is believed as a major root cause for multi-organ failure and death in severely infected diabetic patients with COVID-19. This condition is treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly steroids, to recover people from critical conditions. However, steroid therapy causes immune suppression and uncontrolled hyper-glycaemia in post-COVID. This altered immune-metabolism provides a fertile environment for the infection of a black fungus, Rhizopus arrhizus which causes mucormycosis in diabetic patients. It is a life-threatening infection causing death in different countries. It is treated either with anti-fungal drugs, surgical debridement, or adjunctive therapies. The available therapies for mucormycosis have been associated with several drawbacks. Thus, the present review has explored and suggested herbs-spices based adjunctive therapy for possible realignment of the impaired immune system in the post-COVID diabetic subjects. The consumption of herbal therapeutics after COVID-19 could realign the impaired immune-metabolism in the post-COVID and thereby exert prophylactic effects against mucormycosis. Furthermore, the suggested herbal sources could help in the discovery of novel therapeutics against the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- FTIR-ATR based fingerprinting and chemometrics analysis of metabolites
profile of L. affected by fertilization with NPK-chitosan nanopolymer and
harvesting age
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Phyllanthus niruri L. (PnL) is a herbaceous plant containing flavonoid quercetin and can be used as an immunomodulator to prevent Covid-19. However, the flavonoid content and yield of herbs extract were not maximized. Therefore, PnL herbs were planted in various harvest periods and application of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer to estimate these parameters.Objectives: Determine the effect of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer and harvesting age on herb extracts also determine the grouping pattern and correlation between responses based on FTIR-ATR spectral pattern using a chemometric approach.Methods: Each group consisted of 50 plants. The formulation of NPK-chitosan nanopolymer fertilizer based on the dose of NPK consisting of the first dose is 15.5 grams/group, the second dose is 31 grams/group, and the third dose is 7.5 grams/group. Grouping of differences in harvesting age for plants consisted of 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the plant (WAP). Extraction used ultrasound-assisted extraction, and data were analyzed using a chemometric approach.Results: Extract with the highest yield was found in second harvest time and third doses of fertilizer (W2D3) which is 9.73 %, and the highest TFC obtained in an extract with second harvest time and first doses of fertilizer (W2D1) is 17.34 mg QE/g. Total flavonoid content and extract yield were influenced by functional groups at wavenumbers 3486.77–3157.12 cm−1 (1); 1740.96–1670.34 cm-1 (3); 1425.02–1272.62 cm-1 (5); 1257,753–1138,81 cm−1 (6); 1131.38–945.53 cm-1 (7); 711.36–529.23 cm-1 (8).Conclusions: The results showed that harvest time and fertilizer dose affected the growth parameters of PnL, total flavonoid content, and yield of extract. Functional groups in IR spectra also have positive and negative correlations with total flavonoid and yield extract responses.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Identification of causal agent of wilt of common sage ( L.)
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Common sage is cultivated in Europe and North America. It has strong antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. This plant can be infected by different pathogenic fungi species, such as Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. (F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum), Phomopsis sclarea and Botrytis cinerea. Those species are the most frequently isolated fungi from sage stem base.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of common sage wilt disease.Methods: Studies were carried out in 2018–2020. 23 fungal isolates were identified based on their morphology and with use of PCR technique. Length and width of 100 conidia growing on SNA medium were measured after 7 days. Koch’s postulates were checked and the development of one fungus isolate (no. 13) was compared on seven media: the CMA, MEA, OA, PCA, SNA, PDA and Czapek medium. Sequences of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were used to identify the pathogen.Results: The fungus formed 3 kinds of spores: thin-walled, hyaline, slightly folded at the base, mostly 4-cell macroconidia, oblong, hyaline one- or two-cell microconidia and oval thick-walled chlamydospores. The Koch’s postulates were fulfilled. The fungus formed the most abundant aerial mycelium on the Czapek medium, and the least on the CMA medium. On the SNA medium, the mycelium grew into the medium and the aerial mycelium was not formed. The obtained RPB2 nucleotide sequence was 100% similar to the Fusarium oxysporum sequence deposited in GenBank (NCBI).Conclusions: The results of this research can be used in further studies on the biological diversity of this species.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Antioxidant potential of various extracts from 5 common European mosses
and its correlation with phenolic compounds
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: This paper presents the results of research about the antioxidant properties of extracts from 5 moss species, namely Brachythecium rutabulum, Callicladium haldanianum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthodicranum montanum and Polytrichastrum formosum. The macerates of each above mentioned species in water and ethanol (50% and 96%) solutions were analysed.Objective: Total phenolic acids, total flavonoids and total flavonols concentrations and content of carotenoids was determined. Also some phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC.Methods: The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) formation inhibition were studied.Results: The obtained results showed that the extracts prepared with 50% ethanol had the strongest radical scavenging activities. Every 50% ethanol extract also inhibited formation of AOPP. 96% ethanol extracts had the lowest free radical scavenging activities, although B. rutabulum extract strongly inhibited protein oxidation. Pearson’s correlation showed that the radical scavenging effects of water extracts and extracts prepared with 50% ethanol are dependent on the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids.Conclusion: The results suggest the moss extracts as materials for potential use in pharmacy or cosmetology.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Response of L. plant to foliar spraying with extracts of moringa leaves
and peels of the pomegranate
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Monarda citriodora L. plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is a medicinal and aromatic plant, an annual herb, one of important sources of thymol compound. This plant has various purposes such as medicinal properties, food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals industry, a powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.Objective: There is an ongoing need to find safe, natural sources of plant nutrients. Moringa leaves and pomegranate peels extracts are being used as a secure source of natural nutrients, and natural growth regulators on the growth and productivity of plants. Applying these bio stimulants helps avoid the excessive use of industrial materials in agriculture. So, this experiment was carried out to determine the effect of both moringa leaves extract, and pomegranate peels extract as a bio regulator on the productivity of M. citriodora plant.Methods: This experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at the Experimental Station of Adlya Farm, Sekem Company, ElSharkia Governorate, Egypt, to study the influence of some natural extracts of moringa leaves and pomegranate peels on growth, yield as well as some chemical constituents of the dry herbs, such as total carbohydrate, total flavonoids compounds, total phenolic content, NPK content and essential oil contents and its components and determination of free radical scavenging activity of M. citriodora L. plant.Results: Both extracts of moringa leaves and pomegranate peels positively affected growth, yield, and chemical constituents compared to untreated plants. Moringa leaves extract had more effect compared with pomegranate peels extract. The main essential oil constituents were thymol, p-cymene, and carvacrol compounds.Conclusion: The application of bio-stimulants of moringa leaves extract (MLE) and pomegranate peels extract (PPE) positively affect the growth and production of M. citriodora plant.
PubDate: Sun, 02 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Study of total antioxidant activity of green tea leaves ( L.)
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: There is a high interest in creating medicines, dietary supplements, cosmetics including plant extract with antioxidant activity. For understanding whether plant extract has a maximum level of antioxidant activity it is important to know the total antioxidant activity of raw material.Objective: The main goal of study was to find out the green tea leaves total antioxidant activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity was measured by potentiometric method. Total phenolic, flavonoids, catechins and hydrocinnamic acids derivatives were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride, vanillin and sodium molibdate methods, respectively.Results: The green tea leaves total antioxidant activity was 660.75 mmol-eqv./mres. dry weight. A significant correlation was observed between the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity, which indicated its main role in antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The research showed that the green rea leaves possess a high value of antioxidant activity and it is a good source of phenolic constituents.
PubDate: Mon, 09 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- The occurrence of fungi on the commercial dietary supplements based on the
milk thistle ( (L.) Gaertn.) available on Polish market
Abstract: SummaryIntroduction: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is an important medicinal plant, its achenes contain a silymarin, which has a regenerating and stabilizing effect on liver cells. The milk thistle based dietary supplements are among the best-selling plant pharmaceuticals in the US and the UE.Objective: The goal of the experiment was to determine which – if any – fungi contaminated either the whole or ground milk thistle achenes, available on the Polish market.Methods: The mycological analyses were performed on 200 achenes, using deep-freeze blotter method. Ground material was assessed using agar test method. For each sample, 10 Petri dishes were used. The material was applied in five places per one Petri dish, with a micro scoop laboratory spatula. Then, Petri dishes with achenes and ground material were incubated at 20°C under alternating cycles of 12 h NUV light and 12 h darkness. The identification of fungi was performed using stereo microscope and compound microscope, if necessary.Results: The milk thistle achenes were infested with following fungi: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris sp., Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium spp., Melanospora simplex, Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Sarocladium strictum, Stemphylium botryosum, Trichothecium roseum, Ulocladium consortiale and Verticillium sp. Among them A. alternata predominated. Whereas, milled milk thistle achenes were occupied by Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Aspergillus spp., Fusarium sp., Mortierella spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp. and R. stolonifer.Conclusion: Considering the significant fungal contamination of milk thistle achenes-based dietary supplements, it seems reasonable to introduce a system of achene control due to possible microbiological contamination.
PubDate: Mon, 09 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
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