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- Metabolic profiling, ADME pharmacokinetics, molecular docking studies and
antibacterial potential of Phyllantus muellerianus leaves-
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Abstract: Global increase in the level of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens has prompted the search for alternative treatment from medicinal plants. Phyllantus muellerianus leaves has been used traditionally against microorganisms of medical importance, hence the need to evaluate the pharmacological pathways and mode of actions using in vitro and in silico approaches. Clinical isolates of eight (8) microorganisms associated with urinary tract infections were obtained and identified using morphological and biochemical methods. Phyllantus muellerianus leaves were extracted and purified by solvent partitioning. Ethyl acetate fraction of PM had the highest yield and zone diameter range from 13.5 ± 1.00 to 28 ± 1.53 mm. The rate of protein leakage per time interval of Staphylococcus aureus increased from 9.29 μg/ml at 0 min to 17.43 μg/ml at 120 min while leakage in Candida albicans also increased from 8.57 μg/ml at 0 min to 70.43 μg/ml at 120 min. GCMS fingerprints, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic studies revealed the active agent as quindoline, an azaindole and isotere of indoles having a binding energy of −9.1 kcal/mol. Analyses of the structural and atomic orientations of quindoline, and superimposition on ciprofloxacin, a common antibiotic revealed an interesting comparison, effecting a stronger binding affinity of Quindoline-HMG-CoA complex.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial potential of Nigrospora sphaerica
(Berk. & Broome) Petch, a fungal endophyte isolated from Dillenia
indica L.-
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Abstract: Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are a rich source of new biologically active compounds. In the present study, an endophytic fungus Nigrospora sphaerica (Berk. & Broome) Petch was isolated from Dillenia indica L and was characterized morphologically and at molecular levels. The isolated fungus was investigated for antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids content, and its responsible bioactive molecules. The toxicity test revealed that the crude extract of Nigrospora sphaerica inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, i.e., E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The value of MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) ranges from 82–115 µg/mL for the selected bacteria. The isolated endophytic fungus exhibited the highest inhibition against the Fusarium oxysporum (72%) and the lowest inhibition against Aspergillus niger (55%). The maximum scavenging activity was 88.1% at 600 µg/mL with an IC50 value of 85 µg/mL. GC–MS (Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy) analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of more than 40 compounds. Some of the major compounds present in extract were 1H-Indene, 1-methylene-(3.64%), Dodecane (8.52%), Tetradecane (11.59%), (-)-Mellein (3.85%), Hexadecane (10.13%), 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3,4-dicarboxamide (5.95%), Octadecane (6.46%) and Benzoic acid, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester. The compounds present in the extracts have various biological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant, insecticidal, cytotoxic, antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antifungal activity. The compounds present in the extract can be used in clinical trials for further applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on bioactive molecules produced by Nigrospora sphaerica isolated from Dillenia indica L. having antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Piper guineense- an underutilized aromatic spice with medicinal value
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Abstract: This paper reviews available research information on the medicinal value and health benefits of Piper guineense in relation to its composition and biologically active compounds. Piper guineense is an herbaceous vine found in the tropics and sub-tropical regions. It is used as a spice and as a medicinal plant in many traditional settings. Solvent extracts of P. guineense leaves and fruits contain different biologically active compounds. Some of the major biologically active compounds in P. guineense are dillapiole, linalool and myristicine. These compounds possess anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. It also contains piperine which is responsible for the hotness associated with the Piper species and other antimicrobial phytochemicals. Some of the peculiar potential attributes of P. guineense include promoting fertility and its anti-inflammatory effects. It is a good antimicrobial agent against food spoilage and pathogenic organisms. Many of the biologically active compounds found in the leaves (or their derivatives) are also found in the fruits. Scientific information about the health benefits of the, stem and roots is lacking. The potentials of this underutilized vine to boost human health is enormous and it deserves improved research attention in the areas of improved production, genetic identification of chemotypes and more research investigations into its composition and medicinal value. Graphic abstract 
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Scientific rationale of Indian AYUSH Ministry advisory for COVID-19
prevention, prophylaxis, and immunomodulation-
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Abstract: The current outbreak of COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has affected > 210 countries. Various steps are taken by different countries to tackle the current war-like health situation. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH released a self-care advisory for immunomodulation measures during the COVID-19 and this review article discusses the detailed scientific rationale associated with this advisory.
Authors have spotted and presented in-depth insight of advisory in terms of immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, co-morbidity associated actions, and their probable mechanism of action. Immunomodulatory actions of advised herbs with no significant adverse drug reaction/toxicity strongly support the extension of advisory for COVID-19 prevention, prophylaxis, mitigations, and rehabilitation capacities. This advisory also emphasized Dhyana (meditation) and Yogasanas as a holistic approach in enhancing immunity, mental health, and quality of life. The present review may open-up new meadows for research and can provide better conceptual leads for future researches in immunomodulation, antiviral-development, psychoneuroimmunology, especially for COVID-19.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Sustainable employment of folkloric botanicals and conservation practices
adopted by the inhabitants of Parbati Valley of North Western Himalaya,
India in healing substantial corporeal disorders-
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Abstract: Variations in topogeographical features causes immense miscellany of widely used medicinal plants (MPs) in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), thus an ethnobotanical approach was adopted to file the undocumented indigenous wealth of the communities against different corporeal ailments. 370 households of 31 villages were surveyed during the summer seasons of 2015 and 2016 to explore the traditional folkloric practices of the inhabitants using a semi structured questionnaire. The data set was documented in Microsoft Office Excel and statistically analyzed for Use Value (UV), Informants' Consensus Factor (ICF), Fidelity Level (FL), Relative Importance (RI), Cultural Importance Index (CI), Index of Agreement on Remedies (IAR) and Cultural Agreement Index (CAI). The MPs were classified and analyzed for altitudinal distribution, nativity, endemism and threat categories. Total 292 MPs belonging to 95 families were reported to be used against major 15 types of substantial corporeal disorders. The richness of MPs decreased with an increasing altitude. Asteraceae (27 species) was found to be dominant family, followed by Rosaceae (17 species), Lamiaceae (16 species) and Ranunculaceae (15 species) used to cure such ailments. Five MPs were endemic to the IHR and 8 MPs were found to be critically endangered (CR) in the study region. Traditional healers had a detailed and wide range of folkloric therapeutic wisdom to treat different types of human diseases. Folkloric practice provides an alternative preference from conventional healthcare centers for the needy rural ethnic people of this distant area. But unfortunately rapid loss in biodiversity elements, urbanization and considerable anthropogenic stress causes significant decrease in the ethnic knowledge as well as the MPs. Thus, awareness among the people and proper conservation measures is readily needed.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Lasiosiphon glaucus a potent ethnobotanical medicinal plant against breast
cancer targeting multiple pathways: an invitro study-
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Abstract: Complex synergistic interplay of the composite mixture of compounds present in plants may be the reason of their beneficial effects. In this perspective an important yet not well studied ethnomedicinal plant Lasiosiphon glaucus was subjected to invitro anticancer analysis. The flowcytometry study revealed that the plant has cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) acting upon multiple pathways, inhibiting cell proliferation (Downregulation of Bcl2 and Akt) and inducing apoptosis (Mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, Upregulation of p53, caspase 8, caspases 3 and DNA fragmentation). It is interesting that the plant activated both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways while inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. The study, a first report, highlights the use of L. glaucus in ethnomedicine for treating cancer.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of
the genus Aconitum L.-
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Abstract: The genus Aconitum (family—Ranunculaceae) accounts for approximately 400 species worldwide, of which some are considered medicinally very relevant. Many species have been reported to possess significant pharmacological properties and high therapeutic index for curing various diseases. Traditionally, Aconitum species have been used for the treatment of different human ailments, especially, neuronal disorders, pain and inflammation, kidney related disorders, rheumatism, diabetes, hysteria and cardiac depression. These medicinal properties have been attributed to various classes of secondary metabolites found in different Aconitum species. Among them, C19 and C20-diterpenoid alkaloids are the most dynamic group of compounds, comprising of more than 450 alkaloids in various species across the genus. However, further detailed phytochemical investigations of Aconitum species could provide new therapeutic natural products of Aconitum source that could be employed in health and medicine. The present study aims to frame a well structured portfolio to provide contemporary insights of the genus Aconitum. The retrospection of all the available information on Aconitum associated with its various attributes was carried out by searching different electronic databases viz. Elsevier, PubMed, Web of Science, Scifinder, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Bio One, PLOS. The review summarizes the findings on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of various species of the genus. The toxicology and safety of Aconitum species for human consumption as herbal drugs has also been discussed.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Targeting the ENV spike protein of HIV with naturally occurring compounds:
an in-silico study for drug designing-
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Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects human by destroying the immune system. The types of HIV strains HIV-1 and HIV-2, among HIV-1 being more prevalent and considered deadly. Eventually either of the strains leads to disease Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Traditional medicinal plants have a pivotal role in the modern pharmacological process due to their rich composition of secondary metabolites with significant biological activity. Computational tools are gaining momentum as they predict with higher accuracy, robust and provide insight in the interaction of small molecule with the disease target protein. This study was conducted for understanding the interaction mode of Phyto compounds with Env spike proteins of HIV. The compounds are studied for ADME properties and molecular docking using Schrödinger software was performed. From the results, Ethyl gallate was observed with least docking score and higher binding affinity for HIV-ENV protein (4CC8) and Cinnamyl acetate (cis/trans) with HIV-1-ENV protein (6ULC).
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- The efficacy of alum sitz baths followed by topical gall ointment in
hemorrhoids—a single-arm clinical trial-
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Abstract: Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal ailments affecting life quality of the patients. Unani classical literature is replete with anti-hemorrhoidal drugs, but scientific evidence is lacking. Therefore, Safūf Zāj (powdered alum) and Marham-e-Māzū (gall ointment) having potent anti-hemorrhoidal actions were selected to evaluate their efficacy in hemorrhoids. This clinical trial was conducted on 30 participants with hemorrhoids, aged > 18 years. All the participants received Safūf Zāj for sitz baths and Marham-e-Māzū to be applied twice daily for 2 weeks. Primary outcome measures were: change in pain intensity, anal itching, and defecate discomfort assessed on 100 mm VAS scale and per-rectal bleeding assessed on 4-point scale. Secondary outcome measures were: change in the size of the external hemorrhoidal mass assessed on 5-point scale, grade of internal hemorrhoid assessed by Goligher classification and quality of life (QoL) assessed on SF-12 questionnaire. The per-protocol analysis was done on 30 participants and statistically significant improvement was seen in primary and secondary outcome measures. Moreover, both the mental and psychological components of QoL were improved. The study inferred that therapeutic approach of Safūf Zāj and Marham-e-Mazu is safe and efficacious in hemorrhoids. Future studies with well-designed RCTs are highly recommended.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- A phytopharmacological review on Ananas comosus
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Abstract: Medicinal plants are an immense source of biologically active substances. Ananas comosus is a fruit base medicinal plant belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. In English it is called 'pineapple'. Pineapple is one of the important tropical fruit in the China, India, Costa Rica, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Colombia. 100 g of fruit provided 50 kcal energy. Pineapple fruit contained secondary metabolites like phenolic, flavonoid, isoflavone etc. Pineapple fruit and in the pineapple stem consist of an enzyme called 'Bromelain.' Pineapple gives anti-rheumatic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, uterotonic, anti-oxidant, and anthelmintic activity in the human body. In this review, we have described the taxonomical characteristics, biochemical properties, traditional perspectives, karyotypic analysis, phytochemical investigation, toxicological study, nutritional benefit, and biological activities of Ananas comosus. This review would help researchers in searching for scientific information and a source of new drug discovery approaches in the future.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Purified Banana lectin (BanLec) isolated from the ripen pulp of Musa
Paradisiaca induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines: in vitro study-
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the anticancer activities of banana lectin (BanLec) from the ripen pulp of Musa paradisiaca. In this investigation, we have analyzed the cytotoxicity of BanLec against Vero, HepG2 and THP-1 cell lines. Among these, BanLec exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against THP-1cells, with an IC50 value of 244.38 µg/mL followed by HepG2 with an IC50 of 504.83 µg/mL and no cytotoxic activity towards Vero cells. Moreover, in this study we have evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by BanLec on THP-1cells. These cells were treated with 244.38 µg/mL concentration of BanLec to induce cell death at 24 h incubation. The apoptotic induction was carried out by Annexin V, DAPI staining, TUNEL assay and gene expression studies by qRT-PCR. BanLec induced apoptosis with morphological changes such as cell membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, cell budding and nuclei broken into fragments. The caspase-3 gene expression was upregulated indicating the induction of apoptosis on treatment with BanLec. Using flow cytometry technique, the number of apoptotic cells in G0/G1 phase was evaluated. There was an accumulation and increase in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase stating the apoptosis induction against THP-1 cells. On conclusion BanLec showed an apoptosis induction in THP-1 cells in a caspase dependent manner. These collectively results evidently showed that the BanLec exerts cytotoxicity and apoptosis against THP-1 cells. It seems to be one of the potent anticancer compound having a possible therapeutic potential against the human leukemia derived diseases. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Exploring phytotherapeutic approach in the management of valproic
acid-induced toxicity-
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Abstract: The antiepileptic drug, valproic acid (VPA), also used for treating psychiatric disorders, is hampered by its toxicity. Its associated adverse effects include hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, central nervous system (CNS) depression, respiratory failure, acute pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia, hyperammonaemia, bone marrow suppression, and teratogenicity. Currently, no antidotes exist for treating VPA toxicity and therapeutic management is majorly supportive while modifying drug disposition. The lack of effective treatment has prompted evaluating plant-derived products to manage this challenge since studies show their protective potential against drug-induced toxicities. This review investigates purported mechanisms and the protective capacity of plants products against VPA-induced toxicity. The compiled studies revealed that VPA causes hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ocular toxicity, teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity among others. Further findings highlighted the oxido-inflammatory and apoptotic pathway as crucial mechanisms of VPA-induced organ toxicities. Extracts of Apium graveolens L., Bacopa monniera, Green tea, Kaempferia parviflora, Korean red ginseng, Ocimum sanctum, Oryza sativa, Withania somnifera and plant-derived compounds, including diammonium glycyrrhizinate, sulforaphane, vitamin U, B6, E, diallyl trisulfide, curcumin, α-tocopherol, quercetin, piperine, resveratrol, hesperitin, thymoquinone, caffeic acid and asiatic acid exhibited protection against VPA-induced toxicities. From these observations, it is suggested that further studies should target evaluating more plant products as well as identifying and isolating specific compounds from such, and others demonstrating protective effect against toxicities induced by VPA.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of Canna indica L against aluminium
chloride induced memory impairment in rats-
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Abstract: Memory disorders are the progressive neurological disorder, mainly causing dementia, memory loss and cognitive dysfunctions. The current study is aimed to experimentally validate the crude extract of Canna indica aerial parts (CIA) and root (CIR) against aluminium chloride induced altered memory in rats. Initially, methanolic extract of CIA, hydroalcoholic extract of CIR, and their combination of CIA + CIR were screened for Invitro antioxidant activity via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay and were also screened for their memory enhancing activity by in-vivo models such as elevated plus maze (EPM), morris water maze (MWM), cooks pole climb (CPC), Actophotometer, novel object recognition (NOR), and T-maze. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (17 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 21 days, was used as an Alzheimer’s disease inducing agent and Donepezil (AChE inhibitor) as a standard treatment agent. The AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were significantly increased, and glutathione (GSH), total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), and Dopamine were decreased only in AlCl3 treated rats and treatment with CIA 200 mg/kg and CIA + CIR 200 mg/kg significantly reversed these mechanisms.Histopathology of cortex and hippocampus was examined at 40× magnification, indicating maintain of integrity and architecture of CA1 and CA3 neuronal cells compared to control and standard groups. The in vivo studies of interospective and exteroceptive behavior models (EPM), MWM, CPC, Actophotometer, NOR, T-maze revealed that AlCl3 administration enhanced transfer latency (TL), escape latency time (ELT) and decreases locomotion, discriminatory index, and percentage alternation respectively. However, treatment with CIA and CIA + CIR 200 mg/kg highly significantly reversed the pathological changes of disease, extracts of Canna indica of both root and aerial parts phyto constituents are rich in flavonoids, phlobatannins, anthocyanin pigments, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids etc. Which will decipher the acetylcholinestrase inhibitory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, will ameliorate the pathological state of Alzheimer disease. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Eucalyptus: phytochemical composition, extraction methods and food and
medicinal applications-
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Abstract: Eucalyptus is a large tree belonging to the family Myrtaceae. It is a tree of multiple uses and benefits. The essential oil extracted from its leaves, branch tips and fruits is rich in phytochemicals like eucalyptol, 1,8-cineole, limonene, citronellal, citral, eudesmol, α and β-pinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, terpineol, α–phellanderene and 9β-sitosterol etc. These compounds can be extracted by various methods like solvent extraction method, hydro-distillation and supercritical fluid extraction. The essential oil from the eucalyptus possesses anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, antioxidant, antimalarial, analgesic, antiseptic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. The historical records of the food and medicinal applications of eucalyptus are available and the recent studies on its phytochemical composition further strengthen its claim for application in the modern food and pharmaceutical industry.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Ekavimsati patrani (21 leaves) used during Vinayaka Chaviti festival in
India: medicinal, environmental and cultural importance-
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Abstract: In India, the Hindu festival of Vinayaka Chaviti is celebrated in the month of September as a traditional way to fight the seasonal onset of diseases and infections. The Lord Ganesha is worshipped as a God of wisdom, knowledge, education, wealth and health and characterized by a sound knowledge of the language, concentration, physical stamina, humbleness and dedication. The God is worshipped using Ekavimsati patrani (21 leaves) by chanting specific mantras. The leaves are abundant in our backyards, gardens, fields and temples during the season, suggesting the available floral biodiversity. They are bestowed with distinctive medicinal, environmental and cultural values. The leaves used during the puja exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and larvicidal properties. The festival is celebrated in many Indian states by adults and children and subsequently, the idols along with leaves are immersed in water bodies; a ritual is known as Ganesh nimajjanam. The leaf extracts cause killing of microbes and breeding mosquito larvae in water, thereby preventing the waterborne and vectorborne human diseases prevalent during the monsoon season. The use of natural and renewable resources such as clay, natural dyes and leaves during the festival indicates the importance of Mother Nature and recycling. The details of each plant or tree in terms of its scientific, Sanskrit and common names; religious significance; description, composition and medicinal properties of leaves; and mantra associated with each leaf are emphasized in this review. The leaves are widely utilized in native systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Siddha, homeo and Unani) and extremely popular under folklore medicine among the different Indian ethnic groups to treat an array of diseases and disorders. However, Ganesh idols are prepared using plaster of Paris and harmful synthetic dyes, which is a significant concern for the environment and humans.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Antidiabetic potential of Chromolaena Odorata leave extract and its effect
on Nrf2/keap1 antioxidant pathway in the liver of diabetic-induced Wistar
Rats-
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Abstract: The incidence of liver dysfunction increases in diabetes due to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Chromolaena odorata is a dominant medicinal plant used in traditional medicine as a remedy for many diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus but the underlying mechanism of the plants chemicals is yet to be documented. This study investigated possible mechanisms behind the folkloric use of C. odorata in the management of diabetes. The effect of this plant on genes linked with glucose metabolism and oxidative stress was investigated in the liver of diabetic rats. The rats were divided into diabetes control, normal control, C. odorata extract (200 mg/kg) and diabetic + C. odorata extract (200 gm/kg). Diabetes was induced in the rats by intraperitoneal injection of a buffered solution of STZ (65 mg/kg). Ethanolic extract of C. odorata leaves (200 mg/kg) was orally administered to the treatment groups for a period of three weeks. The mRNA expression of Glut2, glucokinase, Nrf2 and keap1 were quantified using RT-PCR. Molecular docking studies were further explored to denote compounds from C. odorata that might be responsible for its liver protective effect in diabetes. In the diabetic group, liver mRNA expressions of Glut2, glucokinase and Nrf2 were down-regulated (p < 0.05) while the expression of keap1 was upregulated (p < 0.05), relative to the control group. The treatment of diabetic rats with ethanolic extract of C. odorata leaves (200 mg/kg), however, upregulated the mRNA expression of Glut2, glucokinase and Nrf2 while repressing keap1 mRNA expression. Docking results showed that 5,7-dihydroxy-6–4-dimethoxyflavanone and luteolin as possible compounds from C. odorata potentiating this protective role. These findings suggest that C. odorata could mitigate liver dysfunction induced by diabetes.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Evaluation of Ylang Ylang essential oil on alcohol induced hepatotoxicity
in rats-
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Abstract: The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of ylang ylang essential oil in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Alcohol was used as an inducing agent and Silymarin as a standard molecule. Body weight was measured at a 3 days interval till the twenty first day and at the end of the study, serum AST, ALT, TP, TC, TG, and TB biomarkers were estimated. Further, the liver tissue was evaluated for antioxidant enzymes namely CAT, LPO, SOD and GSH level. Liver weight and histopathology was accessed at the end. Phytocompounds were shortlisted from literature and curated databases. Probable targets of each compound were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction web server. Probable mechanisms of phytocompounds against Alcohol induced hepatotoxicity were analyzed by the STRING and KEGG pathway database. The network between compounds, targets, and pathways was generated via Cytoscape ver. 3.6.1. Docking was performed by AutoDock vina using PyRx0.8v. YYEO group showed increased BW compared to alcohol group and also reversed the increased serum AST, ALT, TP, TC, TG, and TB biomarkers and also increased the level of antioxidant enzymes compared to alcohol induced group. YYEO 400 mg/kg exhibited normal liver weight and histology compared to alcohol. Enrichment and network analysis identified YYEO 63 compounds as beneficial modulators of protein molecules associated with hepatotoxicity via modulating Toll-like receptor, Adipocytokine, TNF, Sphingolipid, FoxO, AMPK, Relaxin, MAPK, NF-kappa B, HIF-1, Fc epsilon RI, IL-17, VEGF, T cell receptor, NOD-like receptor, mTOR, PI3K- Akt signaling pathway, etc. Canangaterpene 1 was identified as a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase. Graphical abstract 
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Appraisal of Acalypha wilkesiana Godseffiana mitigating effects against
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative impairment in female wistar
rat-
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Abstract: Acalypha wilkesiana godseffiana Mull arg leaf is traditionally used among Yorubas in Southern Nigeria for the treatment of malaria, dermatological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders and diabetes mellitus. It has also been reported to have in vitro antioxidant capacities. This study accessed the mitigating effects of Acalypha wilkesiana godseffiana ethanol extract (EEAW) against CCl4-induced oxidative impairment using specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and levels of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (Vit. C), malonialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), percentage DNA fragmentation as well as immunohistochemical expression of the cytoplasmic expression of p38, p16 and p53 proteins as bio-markers. Induction of oxidative damage in female wistar rats were done by intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml.kg−1 body weight of CCl4 (50% v/v using Olive oil as vehicle). Administration of the EEAW ameliorated CCl4-induced oxidative impairment by up-regulating p16 with concomitant down-regulation of p38 and p53 protein expressions. Serum concentration of GSH and vitamin C was significantly increased when compared to the CCl4-intoxicated group. The decrease in the specific activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR as well as increase in levels of MDA, NO and percentage DNA fragmentation induced by CCl4-intoxication were significantly mitigated by the extract treatment. These findings indicated that EEAW possesses some mitigating effects against CCl4-induced oxidative impairment. Graphic abstract 
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Bromelain mediates apoptosis in HeLa cells via ROS-independent pathway
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Abstract: Several in vitro studies along with some in vivo studies have shown the anti-cancer activity of bromelain against several types of cancer except cervical cancer. This study is focused to address the therapeutic effect of bromelain on a human cervical cancer cell line in vitro using HeLa cells. Here, the IC50 dose of bromelain enhanced Hela cell apoptosis at a concentration of 100 μg/ml after 48 h treatment, which is statistically significant compared to the dose of 50 μg/ml (p < 0.01). The percentage of live cells was reduced to about 48% and the percentage of apoptotic cells has increased to about 47% at the IC50 dose of bromelain with a 48 h exposure. Significant proportions of HeLa cells were observed to undergo apoptosis via the p53-dependent pathway in a ROS-independent manner at 100 μg/ml after 48 h treatment. In addition to that, bromelain also inhibited the formation of colonies and the migratory ability of HeLa cells. The present study reports that bromelain can act in an apoptotic pathway on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
- Quantitative ethnobotany of Paliyar tribe in Sathuragiri hills,
Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu, India-
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Abstract: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Sathuragiri hills in the Virudhunagar district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 139 species belonging to 124 genera under 52 families was recorded as medicinally useful; they were mainly used by the local people to treat various diseases. The families like Fabaceae (18 species), Euphorbiaceae (9 Species) and Apocynaceae (7 Species) contained many important medicinal plants. Some of the important illnesses treated by these species were dermatological ailments, gastrointestinal problems, joint pain, fever and poisonous bites. The data are quantified and important species are highlighted. Conservation of these medicinal plants and local knowledge is the need of the hour.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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