Authors:Ramunė Miežanskienė Pages: 252 - 267 Abstract: Immigrants‘ encounters with the new legal system of the welcoming country might vary from challenging to an easy process of integration in the field of legal relationships. The newcomers‘ path of interaction with the field of welcoming countries‘ legalities often lies in the legal knowledge, understanding, and variety of assumptions about the legal world and how it is embedded in the social reality of a welcoming country. There are many factors, that shape this complexity but one of them is highly meaningful - the role of intermediaries. Therefore the subsequent research focuses on identifying and discussing the different statuses and roles of the intermediaries as they participate in the process of immigrant‘s interaction with the legalities of the welcoming country. These assumptions are based on the 34 qualitative interviews of foreign third-country residents in Lithuania. The results of the analysis reveal different the main roles of the intermediaries while immigrants interact with the new legal system of the welcoming country. This research indicates that intermediaries actively or passively participate in the processes of migrants‘ gaining legal knowledge, influence their legal behaviour and become a part of migrants‘ legal interactions. Intermediaries are also seen in the variance of official statuses, visible gaining different roles in legal relationships. Therefore, this research draws attention to the need for more profound attention to the immigrant‘s legal integration processes and deduces practical implications for it as well. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.34890 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Gitana Dudzevičiūtė Pages: 268 - 277 Abstract: The purpose of this publication is to study the dependence of defence funding on economic factors, namely the prosperity of the country, economic growth, the budget deficit, gross government debt, and inflation rate. The investigation uses secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database and covers the period from 1997 to 2021. The author analyses three Baltic countries such as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, to ascertain which economic factors have a statistically significant effect on defence sector funding. For this purpose, the author applies correlation analysis and automatic linear modelling (ALM). The findings of the investigation showed differences and similarities between the countries under consideration. In the case of Estonia, defence funding is significantly affected by the prosperity of the country, which is expressed in real GDP per capita, and gross government debt. These economic factors explain 92.6 per cent of defence funding. The cases of Latvia and Lithuania are very similar in terms of the influence of economic factors on defence spending. In these countries, the tendencies of real GDP per capita significantly effect on defence funding. This influence is slightly different and amounts to 76.2 and 78.4 per cent, for Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The insights of the research can be useful to the governments of these nations when making decisions about defence funding aimed at ensuring security in the Baltic region. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.34022 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Lauryna Skrebytė Pages: 278 - 295 Abstract: Šiame darbe yra siekiama išsiaiškinti kokia buvo kandidatų į Lietuvos Respublikos Prezidentus retorika Rusijos ir jos keliamos grėsmės šalies nacionaliniam saugumui atžvilgiu 2009 m., 2014 m. ir 2019 m. rinkimų kampanijų metu bei kaip ši retorika pakito lyginant šiuos trejus rinkimus. Jie kaip tyrimo objektas pasirinkti todėl, kad tiek 2009 m., tiek 2014 m. rinkimai vyko praėjus vos keletui mėnesių po Sakartvelo-Rusijos konflikto bei Krymo aneksijos ir karo Donbase pradžios, o 2019 m. - tebesitęsiant konfliktui Ukrainoje. Siekiant atsakyti į tyrimo klausimą, darbe yra analizuojami kandidatų rinkimų programų dokumentai bei kandidatų pasisakymai visuomeninio transliuotojo rengtose debatų laidose prieš kiekvienus iš tyrimo apimtyje esančių rinkimų. Atlikta lyginamoji analizė parodė, kad buvo pastebimas reikšmingas pokytis kandidatų retorikoje vertinant Rusiją, Lietuvos dvišalius santykius su ja ir Rusijos keliamą grėsmę šalies nacionaliniam saugumui - 2014 m. ir 2019 m. rinkimų kampanijų metu Rusija, kitaip nei 2009 m., daugumos kandidatų imta vertinti kaip šalis agresorė, kelianti grėsmę taip pat ir Lietuvos saugumui. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.33548 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Young Gon Kim, Young Ki KIm, Yang Lee Pages: 296 - 306 Abstract: This study purposed to analyze inter-influences among the administrators’ profiles of characteristics, their value systems, and their public policies in the situations of local governments in South Korea. The characteristic profiles are attributed to behavior, emotion, and cognition. The value systems are referred to as economics and job ethics. The public policies were divided into distribution and regulation. The research methods were based on a questionnaire that constructed items for the above three variables and requested Likert scales. The sample size was 1061, recruited from all eight Korean local governments. The results of the structure analysis suggested that the administrators’ decisions about their public policy were influenced by their value systems attributed to their characteristics profiles. Further studies required the application of this study’s paradigm to the diverse values and policies that were limited in this study and to the world's nations, where the governmental processes are different in economic ideology and political culture from Korean structures. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.34682 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Asta Dilytė-Kotenko Pages: 307 - 320 Abstract: Lygių galimybių švietimo sistemoje užtikrinimas ir švietimo prieinamumas pripažįstamos kaip vertingos priemonės mažinti nelygybei visuomenėje. Aukštojo mokslo prieinamumui gali daryti įtaką įvairūs veiksniai: instituciniai apribojimai, asmens socialinis, kultūrinis, ekonominis kapitalai. Švietimo lauke itin vertinamas kultūrinis kapitalas (kultūriniai objektai, kalbos kodai, elgesio manieros, pomėgiai, aukštosios kultūros vertinimas). Kuo labiau asmens šeimoje suformuotas kultūrinis kapitalas atitinka švietimo lauko reikalavimus, tuo didesnę grąžą (išsilavinimą, pasiekimus) jis gauna. Asmenys, kilę iš žemas pajamas turinčių šeimų, tautinių mažumų grupių, turintys negalią, taip pat tie, kurie gyvena kaimo vietovėse yra socialiai pažeidžiami švietimo lauke, nes dėl negalios, lėšų stokos šeimoje, gyvenamosios vietos ar tautybės (su tuo susijusių kalbos barjerų) neturėjo galimybių įgyti kultūrinio kapitalo šeimos aplinkoje. Straipsnio tikslas – nustatyti, koks yra socialiai pažeidžiamų asmenų, pasiekusių aukštąjį išsilavinimą, kultūrinis kapitalas ir kaip jis vystėsi. Tam tikslui pasiekti atliktas tyrimas – pusiau struktūruoti interviu su socialiai pažeidžiamais asmenimis, pasiekusiais aukštąjį išsilavinimą. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad informantų kultūrinis kapitalas mokymosi pradžioje neatitiko švietimo lauko reikalavimų. Švietimo laukas reikalavo iš informantų aktyvaus dalyvavimo pamokose, pastangų mokytis, tobulėjimo, gero mokymosi, mokyklos taisyklių laikymosi, visuomeniškumo. Mokymosi pradžioje informantai turėjo mažai kultūrinių praktikų ir objektų, jiems buvo sudėtinga suprasti mokyklos normas, taisykles. Kultūrinis kapitalas mokymosi eigoje vystytas per: bendras praktikas su draugais, draugų ir šeimos palankias mokymuisi nuostatas, aplinkinių pavyzdį ir paskatinimą, naudojimąsi savo aplinkoje esamais kultūriniais ištekliais, knygų skaitymą, piešimą, grojimą muzikos instrumentais. Informantai dėjo daug pastangų mokytis, neatsilikti nuo bendraamžių, kontroliavo savo elgesį, slėpė savo socialinę kilmę, kad ji neišduotų jų kitoniškumo nuo bendraamžių, socialiniu aktyvumu demonstravo vertumą užimti aukštą poziciją švietimo lauke. Informantai formalaus ugdymo pabaigoje jau buvo pritaikę savo kultūrinį kapitalą prie švietimo lauko, nes jie gaudavo gerus įvertinimus, norėjo toliau tęsti mokymąsi ir studijuoti. Straipsnio rezultatai praplečia žinojimą apie kultūrinio kapitalo vystymo procesą, socialiai pažeidžiamų asmenų patirtį švietimo lauke. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.34244 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Živilė Stankevičiūtė, Vilmantė Kumpikaitė-Valiūnienė Pages: 321 - 331 Abstract: Recently, education and teaching have been significantly impacted by information and communication technologies. New cohorts of students, COVID-19 pandemic and pressure in the labour market on the labour force to master the technology-related skills and competence serve as main drivers for universities to redesign the way of teaching. A radical transformation of education caused by technologies is related to several aspects, such as online teaching or using other technologies in both physical and online learning environments with the focus on student-centred learning. The existing literature suggests that educational innovation through technologies allows for the adoption of collaborative, inclusive and student-driven pedagogy. The paper aims at revealing educational innovation through information and communication technologies in one of the courses for master’s students, namely People Analytics. While disclosing the particular case of one course, the paper seeks to provide the argumentation (advantages and disadvantages) for choosing specific tools and how these tools are embedded. The use of tools such as Zoom, digital escape rooms, Mentimeter, and Padlet, is presented. The paper concludes that technologies may offer many wide-ranging benefits in education; however, the further study is needed for revealing the students’ acceptance of technologies and the impact of technologies on learning outcomes. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.34299 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Irwan Noor, Oscar Radyan Danar, Lestari Eko Wahyudi Pages: 332 - 343 Abstract: The lack of stakeholder collaboration is considered one of the main triggers for unsustainable regional innovation. This phenomenon often occurs in archipelago countries due to limited access to information in the region. In this context, the current discourse between public administration scholars and policy practitioners emphasizes the importance of collaboration in policy innovation. This study aims to examine local government innovation policies in Indonesia, an archipelago country in Southeast Asia, with a focus on the policy formulation process which involves collaboration to produce innovative policies. This study uses a mixed methods research approach based on a sequential explanatory design consisting of two main stages. The first stage uses a quantitative method, followed by the second stage which uses a qualitative approach. The research data consisted of a combination of primary and secondary data obtained from questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This data was analysed descriptively using NVivo software and supplemented with statistical analysis results. The results of this study confirm the existence of a pattern of dependence between collaborative actors, in which regional heads have a dominant role in the formulation of innovative policies. However, business actors, academics, and community leaders are rarely involved, indicating that they are highly dependent on regional leadership initiatives. As a result, the resulting innovation policies tend to be unsustainable. Therefore, this research suggests that collaboration forums become the main reference in building and creating sustainable regional innovations. This forum is expected to facilitate common aspirations and innovative arguments, as well as encourage the creation of broader innovative policies. In conclusion, the lack of stakeholder collaboration is one of the main obstacles to creating sustainable policy innovations in the regions. To overcome this challenge, collaboration forums are important to facilitate collaboration and active participation of various stakeholders. With stronger collaboration, it is hoped that sustainable innovative policies will be created, addressing regional problems, and improving people's quality of life. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.33347 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Achmad Aminudin, Titi Darmi, Agus Pramusinto, Iqbal Miftakhul Mujtahid Pages: 344 - 357 Abstract: The political arena influences the selection of an alternative policy for Samisake Revolving Fund program. In this phase, various interests affect the policy outcome, including conflict and bargaining positions among policymakers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine public participation in policy formulation for the Samisake Revolving Fund program in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. A qualitative method was used with a case study approach to the policy design, as well as typical conditions and variables. Data were collected by interviewing seven informants of five stakeholder elements and analyzed using flowing analysis. The results indicated high community involvement in the public policy formulation process that entails pushing issues into the policy agenda. The best policy alternative should satisfy all interested parties. Additionally, the policy was established by issuing the Regional Regulation draft on allocating the funding. This Regional Regulation should be accepted and implemented by all parties transparently with accountability to increase community participation and empowerment. The policy process displays a complex interaction among the policymakers. These policymakers include the executives of the Bengkulu City government from the Regional Technical Unit, community leaders and organizations, NGOs, and university academics. The interaction influences choices and policy decisions by creating conflict and tension in discussing the draft of Samisake Fund Regional Regulation. Therefore, future studies could examine stakeholder network participation in policy formulation and strengthening inter-institutional capacity to avoid conflict. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.29073 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Arbnor Bajraliu, Gazmend Qorraj Pages: 358 - 369 Abstract: The quick development of digitalization has transformed the nature of work and has brought new opportunities for businesses to achieve sustainable human resource management in many ways, including remote working as a means to achieve work-life balance and training access for new skill development. Objective - the objective of this study is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by private and public organizations in Kosovo. This study tries to make a comparison between these two sectors aiming to help public administration policymakers spot the gaps between sectors and improve digitalization in the public sector. Methods: we have conducted a qualitative analysis. 21 interviewed businesses explained in detail the process of digitalization and its effect on achieving work-life balance and new skills development as ways to achieve SHRM. Results: according to the analysis, digitalization is improving both public and private workers' skills. However, private companies are more likely to use remote work to achieve work-life balance, while in public organisations; digitalization has mostly helped in the training of employees. Conclusions: In general, digitalization has helped businesses achieve SHRM. Despite the fact that, in general, private-sector businesses benefit more from digitalization than public organizations. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.35071 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
Authors:Diana Abdreissova, Daniyar Baitenizov Pages: 370 - 383 Abstract: This article presents the tools with which the state can influence the level of income of freelance professionals in Kazakhstan. Foreign methods and ways of state regulation of the freelance market in terms of freelancers' income, the infrastructure of Kazakhstan's remote work market reviewed and analyzed in this article, identified the main characteristics of independent professionals in 2021: working hours, income level, length of service of freelancers, etc. It is noted that freelancers' incomes depend on the influence of the state policy in the field of education and length of service as a freelancer. The stereotype that the more a freelancer works, the more he earns is refuted. In this case, the well-known eight-hour workday standard established by the state is the most optimal option for freelancers to earn more income, which is confirmed by the data of our study. Information is provided on the educational structure of freelancers, the amount of personal monthly income by type of freelancer employment, the experience of freelancers by type of employment, and the average number of hours allocated to work during the week. Multiple regression models of the dependence of freelancers' pay on their education level, work experience, and number of hours worked per week are presented and analyzed in this article. The authors propose recommendations for state regulation that would ensure an effective impact on the level of freelancers' income both in Kazakhstan and in former Soviet Union. PubDate: 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.5755/j01.ppaa.22.3.33829 Issue No:Vol. 22, No. 3 (2023)
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