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Abstract: Foreign aid represents a crucial policy tool the international community employs to alleviate poverty and foster economic development in resource-constrained countries. This paper focuses on Bolivia, a landlocked South American nation with a history of economic challenges and substantial aid flows from bilateral and multilateral donors. Over the past few decades, Bolivia has witnessed considerable variations in its economic growth and poverty reduction efforts, providing an ideal setting to investigate the intricate relationship between foreign aid and these outcomes. Bolivia has received diverse forms of aid, encompassing grants, loans, technical assistance, and capacity-building initiatives. These funds have ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In today’s era of global interconnectedness, the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics in shaping economic practices has become increasingly significant. Originally peripheral in economic analyses, ESG metrics now play a central role in directing the trajectories of economies and societies, particularly in the context of developing countries grappling with challenges such as economic disparities, environmental crises, and the need for equitable governance. These metrics are not just evaluative tools; they symbolize a shift in understanding economic resilience, investment priorities, and societal well-being in an interconnected global landscape (Eccles et al., 2014). This study embarks on a ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: We analyze the impact of tariffs on the output of domestic firms and industries, as to whether or not the imposition of a tariff eventually helps or hurts the economy. We apply the notion that tariff protection gives domestic firms and industries a Competitive Leverage, whereby they are effectively shielded against competition from international firms and industries. In particular, we examine how tariffs may enable domestic firms and industries to operate with high-cost margins with lower output than necessary, and yet remain in business — a scenario which would also mean that consumers pay higher than necessary for the products.The debate about the desirability of tariffs, and whether or not tariffs introduce ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The two most important macroeconomic policies are monetary policy and fiscal policy; other policies that deal with welfare, stability, and economic progress are components of these two policies (Bishai & Kung 2007; Cannon 2004).The government’s initiative to make discretionary changes to its borrowing, taxation, and spending patterns and levels to accomplish certain economic goals, such as job creation, income equality, economic development, and stable economic growth, is known as fiscal policy. On the other hand, monetary policy is a set of actions to control a nation’s overall money supply and achieve economic growth.The government can directly manage those policies by using use policy instruments. There are two ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly suggested the 2030 Agenda, a resolution that outlines the global goals for sustainable development. The framework addresses various issues that are common to countries and lays out specific guidelines to be achieved by 2030. This report aims to promote health and social well-being by tackling critical issues such as reducing child and maternal mortality rates and preventing avoidable deaths, particularly in developing nations (UN 2015). To achieve these goals, it emphasizes the significance of extending health system coverage and ensuring universal access to healthcare services (Masri and Asbu 2018). Primary healthcare (PHC) is crucial in achieving the objectives ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Stock return volatility models are often used by academics and practitioners alike to evaluate risk (Chen, Lin, & Tu 2019). In particular, volatility models are of great use in computing the “value-at-risk” within investment portfolios. In relation to stock market volatility, conventional knowledge from previous research and practices indicates that financial markets are more integrated now and hence volatility transmission should occur among international financial markets (Balli, Hjhoj, Basher, & Ghassan 2015; Blau, 2017; Huo & Ahmed, 2017). Even if they are isolated from major global financial markets, financial markets in close proximity located in the same country tend to display a similar pattern of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The Nigerian state is challenged with issues related to poverty confronting a large number of its populace as over 83 million Nigerians (40% of the total population) lived in poverty with the estimation of an increase to 90 million Nigerians in 2022 (45% of the total population). Extreme poverty is increasingly concentrated in sub–Saharan Africa with almost half of poor people in the region living in just 5 countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Madagascar (World Bank, 2020). Poverty is one of the major challenges faced in Nigeria today (Nigeria Bureau of Statistics, 2021). The need to deal with these issues of poverty such as lack of access to health care, malnutrition, living ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The economic and financial interdependence among the Central American countries has received considerable attention in the economic sciences. Studies on this matter have highlighted the role of economic integration in the transmission of growth impulses, inflation, and of the volatility of the exchange rate between countries. Recent studies have presented evidence of growth spillovers as a result of the improvement in the quality of education in one or several countries (Cáceres, 2021a); Cáceres (2022) has shown similar effects resulting from the reduction of gender discrimination in a given country.Mention should be made of the study by Swinton (2010) that estimated a VAR model to analyze the responses of the ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Economic intuition explaining the link between income growth and carbon emissions is rooted in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis (Shobande, 2021a, 2021b; Xia et al., 2021). The hypothesis suggests that an increase in income comes with a decline in carbon emissions. While the hypothesis has gained prominent support in emerging literature, there is concern that the failure of the EKC hypothesis to incorporate forestry activities may have several implications for environmental policy. Forests are a valuable and abundant renewable resource that depends on natural regeneration and reforestation to produce new tree generations (Grebner et al., 2021; Husen & Jawaid, 2020; Pendrill et al., 2019). This study ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The uprisings in the Arab world in 2011 have shown the nexus between the rising global food prices, and social unrest. The 2011 World Food program posited that food insecurity partly due to rising food prices, pose a serious threat, and a ripple effects on violent conflicts. Food price shocks may partly cause violent conflict, but if combine with other factors, such as political or economic sphere, it can be the main driver whether violent conflict will break out.Significant increases in global food prices of major cereals in 2007/2008 caused civil unrest in more than 40 countries. Scholars and policymakers are increasingly paying attention to the potential influence of global food prices on political and social ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Achieving competitive advantage in business operations remains a focal concentration of companies worldwide (Tajpour et al., 2023a). Implementing new technologies in business operations started a new horizon known as the Industry 4.0 revolution (Khan et al., 2024). Therefore, the Industry 4.0 revolution can be considered a golden opportunity for industrial transformation and improvement of efficiency and growth (Mohammadzadeh et al., 2018). Industry 4.0 merges intelligent production systems and embedded manufacturing systems, revolutionizing manufacturing value, industrial value chains, and associated business models (Kannan et al., 2024). Ślusarczyk (2018) states that the principal aim of the fourth industrial ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Exporting fosters industrialization in nations (Belloc & Di Maio, 2011:25; McMillan et al., 2014:11; Mehrara & Baghbanpour, 2016:104). Manufacturing is pivotal for economic growth due to its spill-over effects and sector linkages (Cantore et al., 2017; Storm, 2015). Historical evidence highlights the need for countries to transition from primary production to manufacturing to enhance national income and wealth (Rodrik, 2018:10; Lin, 2010:3).Malawi’s enduring objective is industrialization through manufacturing (Kabango & Paloni, 2011:1772). In 2012, Malawi initiated the National Export Strategy (NES), focusing on oilseed products, sugarcane products, and manufacturing to boost exports, diversify the export ... Read More PubDate: 2024-07-02T00:00:00-05:00
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