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Abstract: The role of fishing activities in carbon emissions has long been a concern among academia and environmental experts. Fishing is not only an important source of food for the survival of the teeming population of the planet, but also serves as industrial input (Brooks, 2014; Shobande, 2019; Gollin et al., 2014; Fink et al., 2020). Fishing contributes to economic activity by creating employment opportunities and adding to the share of gross domestic product (GDP) (Gollin et al., 2002; Bustos et al., 2016; Gong, 2020; Solarin, 2021). In a developed economy, fishing is a more commercialised activity that accounts for half the world's most consumed marine catch. While fish are renewable natural resources which are openly ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The agricultural sector, which humanity relies on for food faces an existential threat from climate change (Moorhead, 2009). This is largely due to the fact that the agricultural industry and climate change are entwined and inextricably linked. It will therefore be apt to refer to it as two sides of the same coin as the presence of on18e has a high probability of leading to the other. To emphasize the effects of climate change on food security, we refer to it as hunger change as its aftermaths tend to breed hunger and malnutrition while disrupting agricultural systems.It is important to realize that one of the major issues confronting ecosystems and human societies is climate change (Islam & Kieu, 2020), as it has ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has gained increasing importance in developing economies, mainly through export-oriented investment projects (Elfakhani & Mackie 2015). According to data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), developing economies received 17.1% and 44.5% of the world FDI in 2000 and 2019 respectively, representing almost half of the world FDI.FDI has numerous effects on a host country's economy, representing an effective channel for technology transfer and promotion of economic growth particularly in developing countries (Kok & Ersoy 2009). This has led to strong competition between emerging countries to attract this type of investment (Elfakhani & Mackie 2015). ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The importance of financial market intermediation in stimulating a country's economic growth cannot be overstated. This is explained by the attention this subject has gotten in the finance-growth literature over the last decades in the majority of the world's wealthy countries. Until now, major economists, policymakers, academics, and theoretical thinkers have debated financial market intermediation. The majority of these scholars came to the conclusion that financial market expansion is an essential component of economic growth. According to Amadeo (2013), financial markets are markets for the trading of bonds, foreign exchange, commodities, and derivatives in order to raise funds for the government or private ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: As defined by the World Bank (2018), financial inclusion allows individuals and businesses to access valuable and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs. Therefore, financial inclusion is a micro concept concerned with the well-being of individuals, households, and business firms (Allen et al., 2016). The World Bank (2019) report and Yin et al. (2019) study name financial inclusion as one of the four pillars of inclusive economic development and empowerment. Berg, Shahe, and Forhad (2013) and Allen et al. (2016) describe financial inclusion as an opportunity for consumption smoothing, building resilience against shocks, getting access to basic needs, and a source of investment for new ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Agricultural commercialization is central to the sector's development strategies in Ghana. Over the years, development policies have focused on the modernization and commercialization of the agriculture sector, intending to encourage smallholder farmers to become market-oriented (National Development Planning Commission 2006). Some of these policies include the Food and Agricultural Sector Development Policy II (FASDEP II), Commercial Development for Farmer-Based Organization (CDFO), Farmer-Based Organizations (FBO), and Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project (GCAP). One characteristic of agricultural commercialization is the transition from subsistence-oriented to market-oriented patterns of production and the use ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The Mexican economy has for several decades shown some of the lowest annual rates of economic growth per capita of Latin American countries, of about 1.5%. This is surprising in view of Mexico's ambitious reform program executed in the 1980s and 1990s, which privatized public enterprises and liberalized foreign trade; Mexico also established a free trade agreement with the U.S. and Canada in 1994 that resulted in extraordinary growth in its exports to those countries. Labor market reforms have been undertaken in recent years with a view to providing flexibility to the labor market. Despite these unique performances, economic growth remains elusive, and the economy has shown a propensity for crises, such as those of ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Southern Africa faces economic and social challenges. According to Chibuwe (2018), the Southern Africa region is one of the regions with the highest poverty levels globally and was ranked the third-lowest in 2018, ranking above only West Africa and Central Africa. The Human Development Index rankings in the SADC Secretariat Statistics Unit (2015:p.74) show that 13 SADC countries were ranked above 100 out of 192 countries which implies high levels of poverty in these countries. Beegle et al. (2016) reported that the region has high inequalities and face high unemployment. In 2019, South Africa, Eswatini, Mozambique, and Namibia had respective youth unemployment rates of 57.4%, 54.8%, 42.7%, 45.5% (SADC Secretariat ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The capital and money market are very important markets which can promote sustained financial growth and development. The market is very important especially for developing economies in addressing its development agenda, the West Africa Monetary Zones (WAMZ) member countries belong to this category. The development of the capital market in frontier markets is principally aimed at mobilization of resources both corporate and individual to finance development (Farid, 2013). A well-developed capital market acts as an intermediary in the mobilization of resources from the sector which savings is generated to another sector which investment decisions are made. Capital markets also helps to increase cross border ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: All investments are characterized by different levels of risk. Risks such as inflation and exchange rate deter investors from realizing their short and long run goals. Capital preservation is one of the goals pursued by investors and many pension and sovereign wealth funds specifically target long-term returns of consumer price index plus a premium (First Sentier Investors, 2018). Asset allocation decisions play a significant role in determining the return and risk realized by investors, and as such, active asset managers are hired by investors to protect their clients' wealth from macro-economic risks like inflation.Inflation is one of the worst adversaries to investors, pensioners and savers as it erodes the ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Intelligent manufacturing becomes more and more important in recent years, extant studies on intelligent manufacturing mainly focus on specific technology (e.g., Zhong et al., 2017) or the macro development (e.g., Zhou et al., 2018). As for R&D expenditure, prior studies have examined various influencing factors from firm-level, such as firms' profitability, agency cost and disclosure quality (e.g., Chrisman and Patel, 2012; Lai et al., 2015). In this paper, we provide insight into how firms' intelligent manufacturing strategies affect R&D expenditures. We predict that firms' intelligent manufacturing strategy has a positive effect on R&D expenditures and this impact is positively influenced by CEO tenure and ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The general direction of policies of the Chinese government have much more effect on firms in China where there is more political and state influence than in market-based settings. Prior studies suggest that compared to market-based contracts the Chinese business contracts are more politically grounded (Fan et al., 2008; Hung et al., 2012). China is a relationship-based economy (i.e. Guanxi, mingzi), hence the development of political ties is very important (Xu et al., 2013). In fact, Chinese capital market rely more on an administrative governance structure to regulate the market than in arm's length market-based settings (Pistor & Xu, 2005; Allen et al., 2009). Extant literature indicates that through political ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Brazil´s macroeconomic environment has intensely changed since the implementation of the Real Plan on July 1st, 1994. The following twenty-seven years have been marked by huge Exchange rate and domestic interest rate changes as well as an unsteady economic growth.On July 1st, 1994, Brazil´s Exchange rate was set as R$ 1.00 per US$ 1.00 (R$ is the symbol of Real, the Brazilian currency). The following months faced a process of the inflation rate going down from the astronomical 2,500% in 1993 to just 9.6% in 1996, considering the current official inflation indicator in Brazil (IPCA). However, at the beginning of the 2000s, the Brazilian currency suffered a great devaluation, especially up to the election of former ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In an era where FDI inflows are at the top of most developing countries' growth strategy agendas, these countries have grappled with managing their exposure to political risk and maintaining effective and stable exchange rates. Both developing and developed countries have revealed that the direct and indirect interaction between political instability, the exchange rate, and FDI inflows has dire consequences for businesses and economic prosperity (Bisson, 2011). The most recent examples of political risk interactions, the exchange rate and FDI, were observed with the trade war between the United States (US) and China, where the US increased tariffs on Chinese goods worth over $16 billion (Yueh (2018). Yueh (2018) ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: It is now widely accepted that the growth and development of any nation, among other things, depend, largely on the entrepreneurial skills of the citizenry (Schaper and volery, 2004; Matlay and Westhead, 2005; Keat, Selvarajah and Meyer, 2011). This is why the field of entrepreneurship education has enjoyed exponential growth level internationally; with conferences, seminars and workshops that accentuate the importance of entrepreneurship to nation's growth and economic development being organized every year across the globe by researchers, industrialists and academics generally with a sole aim of generating job opportunities, economic growth and technological development. Entrepreneurship is now largely seen by ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The literature is replete with studies that have highlighted the pivotal role health expenditure plays in the population health status of people living in sub-Saharan Africa1. This, and coupled with the fact that the discussions on health expenditure and its determinants have dominated major health policies discussions in other regions (e.g., Martin et al 2011; Carreras et al. 2018) motivated the current study. Understanding the determinants of health expenditure can help in the formulation and implementation of health policies. A general consensus in the literature has been that income is a major driver of health expenditure. This view is supported if one compares the level of health spending of high-income ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries with a tribal population of about 1.13% of the total population (BBS, 2010) living in its forests, hills, and coastal areas. Not only that, they have their own language, culture, and lifestyle which is keeping them separate from the mainstream population day after day. Therefore, poor geographical location and economic conditions are hindering them from creating income opportunities and making good connections with mainstream society. (Mullah et al., 2007). But, in tribal society women are considered an important economic asset due to their independent expression and household decision-making ability (Putraraja & Heigade, 2012). However, despite their hard ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Niger is a country in West Africa bordering Nigeria and Benin to the South, Chad to the East, Libya to Northeast, Algeria to the North, Mali to the Northwest and Burkina Faso to the West. While Niger is less known on the world stage than its neighboring country Nigeria, Niger has an area of 1.268 million km2 with a total population of almost 25 million as of 2020. The Sahara Desert covers most of the country and makes agricultural activities only possible in the southern part of the country. Nowadays, when the country is in the news, it is usually for terrorism attacks, malnutrition, famine, etc. Indeed, Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, and according to the United Nations Development Programs ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Innovations in the area of information technology have led to the emergence of digital banking services across the world. To meet the growing challenges of competitiveness, banks have shifted from their traditional 'bricks & mortar' format to the new 'click & mortar' format (Chau & Lai, 2003), with the aim of maximizing their revenues and attracting more customers. Recent decades have witnessed a drastic shift from traditional methods of banking to modern digital banking, which has attracted much deliberation from researchers, banking institutions, and customers alike (Takieddine & Sun, 2015; Alkhowaiter, 2020). The growth of internet and mobile phone technology have ushered in an era of advancement in the banking ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: South Africa is a middle-income country characterized by high unemployment, low economic growth, and the highest inequality levels globally (StatsSA, 2019). Nevertheless, with almost half of the country's population entrenched in poverty and a stubbornly increasing unemployment rate, most South African people would still see themselves in the middle of society when faced with an opportunity to subjectively rank themselves (Phadi and Ceruti, 2011; Posel and Casale, 2011; Burger et al. 2015). This middling tendency is not uncommon, and several international studies have shown this to be the case in many countries (Centers, 1949; Evans and Kelly, 2004; Hout, 2008; Lindemann and Saar, 2014; Oddsson, 2018). However, in ... Read More PubDate: 2023-04-12T00:00:00-05:00
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