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Authors:Aqsa Ejaz, Samina Quratulain, Ashiq Hussain Aulakh, Jose Cando-Naranjo, Meghna Sabharwal Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. This study used the model of emotional labor as emotion regulation to examine the indirect effect of transformational leadership behaviors on leaders’ emotional exhaustion through leaders’ deep acting. Further, it is hypothesized that this indirect effect varies depending on the level of leaders’ emotional intelligence. The sample included 230 leader-follower dyads working in public sector organizations in Pakistan. The results of the regression analysis showed that deep acting behaviors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and emotional exhaustion, but only for leaders with low levels of emotional intelligence. These findings highlight the importance and relevance of emotional intelligence in managing emotions and maintaining emotional well-being among transformational leaders in the public sector. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study in the manuscript. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-26T06:30:18Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241273978
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Authors:Jiwoong Jung Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. The emphasis on professionalism in public administration has highlighted the importance of city managers and their role in managing cities effectively. While there are various avenues for city managers to improve their professionalism, such as a Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree, there has been limited research on other organizations that facilitate professionalism. This paper focuses on the International City/County Management Association (ICMA) credentialing program. ICMA is a nationally recognized organization that helps dictate professional norms among city managers. The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivations of city managers who pursue additional credentials and to identify the types of city managers who are more likely to attain professional certification. I argue that the ambition of city managers, as measured through their career path, is related to their pursuit of professionalism. Specifically, city managers with a diagonal career path are more likely to attain additional professional certification compared to those with a ladder career path because it signals their promising ability to future employers, namely city councils. To test this hypothesis, this paper uses two datasets. The first dataset examines the career paths of city managers in California, Florida, and North Carolina from 2012 to 2023. The second dataset focuses on newly hired chief administrators from 2021 to 2023 across the United States, drawing data from the ICMA job advertising information. From these two datasets, I find that city managers with diagonal career paths are more likely to possess ICMA credentials than those with ladder career paths. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-20T06:42:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241269930
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Authors:Maayan Davidovitz, Rachel Gali Cinamon Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Studies of representative bureaucracy emphasize that minorities’ representation in public organizations helps promote their interests. Some areas, however, suffer from a distinct lack of minority representation. Although studies in the field focus on the actions of minority public servants in representing citizens like them, we examine the behavior of majority group street-level bureaucrats toward minorities. Using interviews with female STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students from five Israeli academic institutions, we investigate whether male faculty members’ interactions with female students reflect their perceptions of the latter's lack of representation. We find that one direct outcome is that male faculty members’ unequal and discriminatory behavior offends female students. Through this behavior, these faculty members also signal to the majority group students that this behavior toward women is legitimate, which is an indirect outcome. Finally, female students behave insecurely in this environment. Public managers should be aware that not only is passive representation required in public organizations, but also that in areas with distinct male representation, majority group street-level bureaucrats play an important role in creating an environment that is fair and equitable for minorities. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-09T08:11:43Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241267918
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Authors:Austin M. McCrea Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Administrative burden has emerged as a key theoretical framework for understanding onerous, burdensome, and slow citizen-state interactions. While most work to-date focuses on how the political process generates burdens, how citizens experience burdens, and how burdens affect street-level bureaucrats, this manuscript focuses on the understudied link between management and administrative burden. This link is essential to understanding administrative burden because burdens are often reflected in bureaucratic logics, standard operating procedures, and other administrative tools—all facets of an organization which management possesses some power over. This manuscript develops an argument which links the literature on gendered management, representative bureaucracy, and sex-based selection with reduction in wait times (a dimension ripe with psychological costs) since women in management positions tend to be more relational, transformational, and process-oriented than men, all behavioral characteristics which may link onto administrative burdens in predictable ways. An empirical test linking women managers to a reduction of wait times in Florida emergency departments reveals that hospitals managed by women observe lower wait times, on average, across four out of six interrelated processes. Supplemental analyses examine the link between professionalism and gender and find that women with a health background are effective in reducing some of the most complex dimensions of waiting. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-07T10:33:26Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241269852
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Authors:Caroline Fischer, Kristina S. Weißmüller Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. To err is human and learning from mistakes is essential for finding viable solutions to grand societal challenges through development and innovation. Yet, public organizations often exhibit a punitive zero-error culture, and public employees are stereotyped as error and risk-averse. Little is known about the underlying behavioral mechanisms that determine civil servants’ likelihood of handling errors positively, namely reporting and correcting them instead of ignoring and hiding them to avoid blame. Based on the transactional theory of stress coping, we argue that individuals’ error-handling strategies relate to both rational and emotional evaluations of error-specific and consequential contextual factors. Using a conjoint survey experiment conducted with N = 276 civil servants in Germany (Obs. = 1,104), this study disentangles the effects of error-related, individual, and organization-cultural factors as decisive drivers of individuals’ error response. We find that error characteristics (type and harmfulness) determine error-handling behavior, which is revealed to be independent from organizational error culture and individual error orientation, providing important and novel insights for theory and practice. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-06T07:26:10Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241267941
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Authors:Donavon Johnson, Milena Neshkova Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Citizens experience onerous encounters with the bureaucracy for various reasons, often political. Administrative burden reduction (ABR) has been pursued to improve citizen-state interactions, especially for vulnerable populations who are disproportionately impacted by burdens. This study seeks to explain the degree of ABR by bureaucrats when the burdens are deployed by their political superiors. We conceptualize it as a function of client vulnerability and bureaucrats’ sense of job security and organizational commitment. We examine these linkages in the context of a COVID-19 rental assistance program for two vulnerable groups—elderly and Blacks. The findings from the two single factorial experiments show that clients’ vulnerability increases the degree of ABR, but only for the elderly. Moreover, bureaucrats who make decisions based on their organizational commitment approach ABR more slowly and only in the context of age vulnerability. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-08-02T04:10:44Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241268263
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Authors:Dana Natan-Krup, Shlomo Mizrahi Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Our goal is to identify the factors that encourage internal auditors in the public sector to use their discretion when conducting audits. By investigating multiple relationships between principals and agents, we show how complex structural conditions and accountability pressures influence public auditors’ discretion in the choice of audits they decide to conduct. To test our theoretical model and hypotheses, we created a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to a sample group of Israeli auditors. Our findings reveal a conditional effect between the factors related to the internal and external work environments of internal auditors. Our analysis indicates that internal support for internal auditors’ professional authority is significantly related to their inclination to stretch the boundaries of their role when they strongly believe that their direct principals are concerned about the expectations of the public and the audit committee regarding accountability. Nonetheless, individual auditing experience in the public sector was not significantly related to their professional approach. Our bottom-up approach emphasizes the role of citizens’ democratic awareness and their demand to support the broad scope of gatekeepers, rather than just explanations about the role of elites. Moreover, our conclusions emphasize the role of internal support for the auditors’ professional authority and question the role of their perceived independence in the approach they adopt to auditing. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-07-26T08:13:54Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241265893
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Authors:Gordon Abner, James L. Perry, Sun Young Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Public administration scholars are devoting increasing attention to the concept of reputation. The emphasis reflects a long-standing concern in the field with the sources of power and influence on administrative processes. This study extends the investigation of reputation from organizational reputation to reputational signals regarding public sector professions. We begin with a definition of reputational signals. We then develop a survey instrument that measures reputational signals from two signalers: elected officials and people close to respondents. Results are presented for internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and discriminant validity, and average variance extracted. Next, we conduct a path analysis to test the effects of reputational signals regarding public school teachers on two outcomes using two staggered survey instruments with 588 US adults. We find that reputational signals from both types of signalers are positively and significantly associated with the perceived prestige of the teaching profession. Furthermore, reputational signals from people close to respondents are directly and positively associated with support for teacher autonomy. In contrast, reputational signals from elected officials do not have a statistically significant association with support for teacher autonomy. We conclude by discussing avenues for future research. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-06-17T08:08:10Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241261070
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Authors:Sun Gue (Susan) Yang, Sarah L. Young Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print.
Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-06-03T07:59:09Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241259497
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Authors:Ellen V. Rubin, Keith P. Baker, Youjung Song, J. Edward Kellough Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. In July 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on two cases: Students for Fair Admissions vs. the University of North Carolina and Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College, effectively prohibiting the use of race as one of many factors in college or university admissions decisions. To explore these two cases, we conducted a content analysis of the legal briefs, the final court ruling, concurrences, and dissents. In its ruling, the Court did not overturn precedents upholding affirmative action, but the majority interpreted those prior cases in such a way that makes it impossible to justify the use of race in college admissions. Although these cases are from the context of higher education, the ruling highlights the fragility of affirmative action generally and may challenge the legal and regulatory structure that underpins many other important civil rights issues. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-05-29T06:26:36Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241242057
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Authors:Michael Livermore, Vladimir Eidelman, Anastassia Kornilova, Onyi Lam Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Federal administrative agencies are one of the primary policymaking venues in the United States. One of the core features of U.S. administrative practice is the notice-and-comment process in which agencies solicit, collect, and respond to comments from the public before issuing new regulations. In this paper, we develop a model of commenting based on three motivations—litigation preservation; agency persuasion; and expression—and analyze public comments to determine how features of the political environment, and specifically the president in power, affect the pool of commenters. We focus on the 2017 presidential transition, when there was both a change in Presidents and the party in control of the White House. We find that there were greater differences in the pool of commenters between administrations than within administrations and that interest groups tended to participate more when they were more closely associated with the party in power. Our findings support the view that many commenters use the public comment process for persuasive purposes, and not only to preserve litigation opportunities or for purely expressive reasons. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-04-23T08:48:38Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241245362
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Authors:Vernise Estorcien, Can Chen, Apu Deb, Milena I. Neshkova Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. While the number of women in government has increased, prior research on whether enhancing women's political representation alters policy choices has produced inconclusive findings. This study asks if higher women's participation in electoral institutions at the local level is associated with a different spending profile. Using Peterson’s typology of developmental, redistributive, and allocational government programs, we argue that legislative bodies with more female members will spend more on redistributive programs than on developmental or allocational. Using data from Florida's 67 counties between 2005 and 2015, our analysis supports this theoretical expectation. In line with critical mass theory, women's representation in county commissions must reach a threshold of about 33% to sway budgetary decision-making toward more extensive redistribution. We also find that the traditional commission form of government intensifies the redistributive effect of women commissioners on county spending while having a home rule charter has no significant effect. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-04-22T07:28:40Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241247566
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Authors:Youlang Zhang, Wenzhao Li Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Homeownership has been widely regarded as a critical determinant of public participation in social science research. However, the role of homeownership in public service coproduction has been under-researched. This study advances a theory of public service coproduction that accounts for the effect of homeownership and its underlying mechanisms by theorizing that homeownership increases coproduction participation by directly motivating individuals to protect their financial investments and indirectly improving their knowledge about government. Original data from a random telephone survey of 2,167 residents conducted in August 2022 in Beijing, China were used to test the hypotheses, and a series of analytical tools (e.g., weighted models, matching, and sensitivity analysis) were used to validate the theorized effects and mechanisms. Results consistently show that homeowners are more likely to report public service complaints to the government than nonowners. These findings have important implications for future theoretical research and practical efforts to promote public service coproduction. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-04-17T07:45:29Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241247565
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Authors:Tianhao Chen, Yu Sheng, Wei Xu, Xiaohong Yu Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Do active judicial reviews bring about better administrative performance' Most scholars argue that active judicial review creates animosity between the judiciary and administration, leading to bad administrative performance. Others advocate that the relationship is not so much hostile as it is constructive. However, the actual impact of and mechanisms enabling such a constructive relationship remain unclear. Employing an analysis of Public Interest Litigation against the Administration (PILA) in environmental protection cases in China, we present a theory of “bargaining in the shadow of judicial review.” The threat of imminent judicial review forces the administration to negotiate with the prosecutor and enhance its performance in exchange for dropping charges. Additionally, the effect of PILA is stronger in regions with more public environmental concern and weaker in regions where the higher-level public administration pays greater attention to environmental protection. Furthermore, we identify the impact of PILA on local governments’ enforcement efforts and its legitimacy. The present study sheds new light on the long-standing debate on managerialism versus legalism. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2024-04-09T01:31:45Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740241245387
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Authors:Ulrich Thy Jensen, Mette Kjærgaard Thomsen Abstract: The American Review of Public Administration, Ahead of Print. Despite the clear benefits volunteers can bring to public service organizations, their involvement may also create or exacerbate challenges for managers in ensuring clear roles for professionals staffing such organizations. We argue that simple, strategic communication messages can clarify the relative roles of volunteers and professionals. We test this assertion with a low-cost experimental communication experiment embedded in a survey of 240 professionals employed at nursing homes in Denmark. Our results show that strategic communication to clarify volunteer roles reduces professionals’ perceived ambiguity about volunteer roles and the relative roles of volunteers and professional staff. These results are encouraging as many public service organizations seek to involve more volunteers, and managers can implement the kind of strategic communication studied in this article straightforwardly without high costs. Citation: The American Review of Public Administration PubDate: 2023-08-03T06:16:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02750740231191286
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