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- Determination of age-specific reference intervals for selected serum and
urinary biomarkers in elderly cats-
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Authors: Femke Mortier, Robby van Leeuwenberg, Sylvie Daminet, Dominique Paepe
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
ObjectivesAnnual health screening is recommended in elderly cats to allow the early detection of conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperthyroidism. Nevertheless, age-specific reference intervals (RIs) for renal and thyroid parameters in this population are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine age-specific RIs for selected serum and urine biomarkers related to CKD and hyperthyroidism, namely serum creatinine (sCr), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), phosphate (P), total calcium (tCa), total thyroxine (TT4), urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and urine specific gravity (USG). These RIs were established for elderly cats (aged ⩾7 years) in general, as well as for mature adult cats (aged 7–10 years) and senior cats (aged>10 years) separately.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on client-owned cats aged ⩾7 years and considered healthy by their owners. The cats were screened to rule out metabolic and systemic diseases by means of a thorough history, complete physical examination, blood examination and urinalysis. The data from 206 healthy elderly cats (134 mature adult and 72 senior cats) were included. Age-appropriate RIs were determined following the guidelines of the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and compared with existing laboratory RIs.ResultsClinically relevant differences between the age-specific RI and the laboratory RI were found for several variables. Compared with the laboratory RI, the upper limit of the RI for cats aged ⩾7 years was lower for sCr, TT4 and P, and higher for SDMA. The lower limit of the age-appropriate RI was lower for USG. The new RI was almost identical to the existing laboratory RI for tCa and UPC.Conclusions and relevanceUsing age-specific RIs for renal and thyroid biomarkers in mature adult and senior cats has important clinical consequences for the interpretation of health screening results in elderly cats. This confirms the need to adapt laboratory RIs to the specific animal population for which the RI will be used.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-22T03:27:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231207492
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
- Clinical management of feline chronic kidney disease in Portugal: a
questionnaire-based study-
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Authors: Tomás Rodrigues Magalhães, Ana Luísa Lourenço, Ronald Jan Corbee, Felisbina Luísa Queiroga
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to characterise the clinical management of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) by veterinary practitioners in Portugal.MethodsA questionnaire-based study was designed to be completed by all veterinarians who had diagnosed and treated at least one case of feline CKD in the previous year.ResultsA total of 409 veterinary practitioners responded to the questionnaire, with approximately half of them diagnosing 2–5 cases of feline CKD per month (n = 219, 53.5%). Although a high proportion of these reported using the guidelines published by the International Renal Interest Society (n = 379, 92.7%), only 19.1% (n = 78) systematically performed systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in all of their patients. A renal diet was advised by almost all respondents (n = 406, 99.3%), but 36.9% (n = 150) of them considered that it represented less than 75% of the daily food intake for most of their patients. This dietary intervention was often prescribed regardless of stage (n = 298, 73.4%) and without a proper gradual diet transition. Appetite stimulants were frequently prescribed (n = 366, 89.5%), as well as a calcium channel blocker (n = 171, 41.8%) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n = 245, 59.9%) to control systemic hypertension and proteinuria, respectively. Prescription of a phosphate binder was also common (n = 311, 76.0%). Regarding monitoring, 70.9% (n = 290) recommended that stable patients be reassessed every 2–3 months or more frequently, but only 35.7% (n = 146) were able to comply with this periodicity due to owners’ constraints.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings showed that although most survey respondents are aware of international guidelines for the clinical management of cats with CKD, the SBP measurement still needs to be more systematic to allow proper substaging and detection of systemic hypertension. The monitoring frequency was lower than recommended. Furthermore, the introduction of a renal therapeutic diet should be refined to improve its acceptance rate.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-21T02:28:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231206125
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
- Factors associated with house-soiling in Italian cats
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Authors: Barbara Padalino, Martina Zappaterra, Martina Felici, Claire Ricci-Bonot, Leonardo Nanni Costa, Katherine Houpt, Alessandra Tateo
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with house-soiling in Italian cats.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey collected information on respondents’ and cats’ details and litter management, and whether the cat showed house-soiling. Univariable and multivariable regression models were performed using house-soiling (present/absent) and the type of house-soiling (ie, urinary, faecal, concurrent urinary and faecal) as dummy variables.ResultsData from 3106 cats were obtained. The number of dogs and other cats in the household, the cat’s age, the number, type and location of the litter boxes, the type of litter, and the frequency of litter scooping and full replacement were retained in the final multivariable regression model for house-soiling (model P
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-17T09:05:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231202482
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
- Cutaneous lesions and clinical outcomes in five cats after frunevetmab
injections-
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Authors: Anjie Storrer, John T Mackie, Marcus N Gunew, Jeylan Aslan
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
Case series summaryThis case series describes five cats with cutaneous adverse events after subcutaneous administration of frunevetmab, a felinised anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, including histopathological findings in one case. All cats displayed moderate to severe pruritus resulting in self-trauma to the neck and/or head, causing lesions ranging from superficial dermatitis to alopecia and ulcerations. There were no reactions at the injection sites. In one cat, clinical signs developed after the second frunevetmab dose the cat received, with no reaction noted after the first dose. For the remaining cats, clinical signs were observed after their first dose of frunevetmab. The onset of the first episode of pruritus and self-trauma was 3–18 days after the most recent frunevetmab injection. Three cats had one or more additional frunevetmab injections after the original adverse event and all had subsequent reactions. Subsequent reactions were either similar in time frame or occurred more rapidly, with similar or more severe pruritus compared with the original reactions. Treatments and outcomes varied between cases.Relevance and novel informationFrunevetmab is a novel, monthly injectable monoclonal antibody for the management of pain associated with osteoarthritis in cats. This is the first published report detailing the nature of cutaneous adverse events associated with this treatment, and the first report of the histopathological findings.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-17T09:02:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231198416
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
- Cat Friendly Practice improves feline visits, resulting in increased
laboratory testing and increased diagnosis of certain common feline
conditions-
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Authors: Kelly St Denis, Ashlie Saffire, Helen Michael, Corie Drake, Wade Burton
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
ObjectivesCat Friendly Practices (CFPs) were compared with non-CFP control practices to determine whether CFPs had an increased proportion of clinical visits, number of visits per cat per year and inclusion of diagnostic testing. To measure diagnostic testing behavior, the numbers and types of tests analyzed and clinically relevant findings were compared.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis comparing CFPs and non-CFPs, clinic financial data and associated diagnostic tests from a commercial laboratory for 2018 and 2021 were analyzed. Data were stratified based on visit type and included revenue per visit type, revenue per patient, the number of visits per year and the proportion of visits that included diagnostic testing. Analyses of clinical findings for June 2021 to June 2022 examined clinical findings associated with biochemistry, complete blood count, urinalysis and thyroid testing categories at diagnostic patient visits, the proportion of clinical visits in which each finding was observed, the volume of testing categories as a proportion of clinical visits, and the proportion of diagnostic visits with one, two, three or four testing categories.ResultsThe average revenue per feline visit and visits that included diagnostic testing were higher at CFPs. There was no difference in the proportion of wellness visits; however, CFPs had higher mean visits per year per patient. CFPs performed diagnostic testing at 12% more clinical visits, and had higher annual revenue per feline patient for all visits and for visits including diagnostic testing. CFPs had higher odds of patients having>1 visit that included bloodwork or urinalysis. They were more likely to include all four testing categories and less likely to include only one category at a diagnostic visit. CFPs identified a higher number of cats with clinical findings.Conclusions and relevanceCFPs exhibited unique diagnostic testing behavior by performing more diagnostic tests more frequently and identifying a higher number of cats with abnormal findings.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-14T10:18:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231204199
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
- Surgical Management Of Feline Biliary Tract Disease: Decision-making and
techniques-
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Authors: Daniel Low, John Williams
Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 25, Issue 11, November 2023.
Practical relevance:Diseases of the hepatobiliary system are not uncommon in first-opinion practice. The anatomy of the feline hepatobiliary tract differs from that of dogs and may predispose cats to inflammatory hepatobiliary disease. Case management can be challenging, and the prognosis is variable and dependent on the underlying disease process.Clinical challenges:Biliary tract disease in the cat has non-specific clinical signs that overlap with those of diseases of other body systems. Diagnostic tests of the hepatobiliary system are widely available, but interpretation of results can be challenging. Deciding on medical or surgical management can also be challenging; for example, various degrees of cholestasis may be seen with different diseases and disease severities, and will influence the decision to manage the patient medically or surgically. Surgery is indicated in cases of bile peritonitis, severe cholestasis, focal neoplasia or disease that is refractory to medical management. Intensive perioperative and postoperative management, with 24 h hospitalisation facilities, is essential.Audience:This review article is written for the small animal general/primary care practitioner, with an emphasis on decision-making in the surgical management of feline hepatobiliary disease.Evidence base:Evidence available in the published literature is reviewed and presented, and the inherent limitations are discussed.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery
PubDate: 2023-11-07T10:18:39Z
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X231206846
Issue No: Vol. 25, No. 11 (2023)
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