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Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025.
Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-14T09:12:56Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X251320863 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
- CT features of confirmed nasopharyngeal stenosis in 12 cats
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Authors: Kevin Kang, Robert Brash Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025. ObjectivesCT is frequently utilised in the assessment of upper respiratory tract disorders. The aim of the present study was to further describe the CT features in cats with confirmed nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS).MethodsCT images of the heads of cats with NPS confirmed via retroflex nasopharyngoscopy between 2011 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed to describe the imaging features of NPS and other concurrent findings.ResultsIn total, 12 cats were included. All but one cat had pre- and post-contrast images available. All CT studies demonstrated focal, abrupt narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen by a variably thickened, homogeneous, soft tissue attenuating band. One cat appeared to have two separate NPS, giving a total of 13 NPS. All NPS were located in the caudal third of the nasopharynx, which resulted in a marked reduction in the luminal cross-sectional area. The narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen was either concentric (11/13) or lateral-to-lateral (2/13). Mild homogeneous contrast enhancement of the soft tissue band was observed in 8/11 cats (73%). The soft palate was focally dorsally deviated at the NPS site in 8/12 cats (67%) and was best seen in the sagittal plane. Other concurrent findings included non-contrast-enhancing soft tissue attenuating material within the nasal cavity (7/12) and tympanic bullae (4/12), and mild medial retropharyngeal lymphadenomegaly (2/12).Conclusions and relevanceThe most frequently observed CT features in cats with NPS are marked, focal, abrupt narrowing of the nasopharyngeal lumen by a mildly contrast-enhancing soft tissue band in the caudal third of the nasopharynx and focal deviation of the soft palate dorsally at the NPS site. Identifying any of these CT features in the presence of compatible clinical signs should prompt further evaluation with retroflex nasopharyngoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of NPS and to direct appropriate treatment. Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-13T08:43:06Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241305932 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
- 2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of
lower urinary tract diseases in cats-
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Authors: Samantha Taylor, Søren Boysen, Tony Buffington, Serge Chalhoub, Pieter Defauw, Mikel M Delgado, Danièlle Gunn-Moore, Rachel Korman Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025. Practical relevance:Lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) such as dysuria, haematuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria can occur as the result of a variety of underlying conditions and diagnostic investigation is required to uncover the underlying cause and select appropriate treatment.Aim:The '2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract diseases in cats' provide an overview of the common presenting signs caused by underlying feline lower urinary tract (LUT) diseases in cats, which often are indistinguishable between different underlying causes. The Guidelines set out a diagnostic approach to affected cats before focusing on the most common causes of LUTS: feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC), urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and urethral obstruction. The aim is to provide practitioners with practical information on these problematic conditions.Clinical challenges:The fact that LUTS are similar despite different underlying causes creates a diagnostic challenge. The most common cause of LUTS, FIC, is challenging to manage due to a complex pathogenesis involving organs outside the LUT. Urethral obstruction is a life-threatening complication of various underlying LUT diseases and recurrent LUTS can lead to relinquishment or euthanasia of affected cats.Evidence base:These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts brought together by International Cat Care (iCatCare) Veterinary Society (formerly the International Society of Feline Medicine [ISFM]). Information is based on the available literature, expert opinion and the panel members' experience. Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-12T05:52:18Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241309176 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
- Thoracic radiographic findings in cats with feline infectious peritonitis
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Authors: Kristin Repyak, Genna Atiee, Audrey Cook, Laura Bryan, Christine Gremillion Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025. ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe thoracic radiographic findings and associated histopathological changes (where available) in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study. Cats were included if they had a definitive diagnosis of FIP (based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry) or a presumptive diagnosis of FIP (based on case review by two veterinary internists), and contemporaneous orthogonal thoracic radiographs. Radiographs were reviewed retrospectively by a veterinary radiologist and veterinary radiology resident and assessed for the following: presence of pleural space disease; unstructured interstitial, bronchial, alveolar and/or nodular pulmonary patterns; lymphadenopathy; and cardiovascular abnormalities. Archived histopathologic specimens were reviewed by a veterinary pathologist.ResultsIn total, 35 cats were included: 18 with definitive FIP and 17 with presumptive FIP. Radiographs were abnormal in 32/35 cats and normal in 3/35 cats. Pleural effusion was present in 13/35 cats and was either bilateral (11/13) or unilateral (2/13) in distribution. The lungs were radiographically abnormal in 25/35 cats, with the most common abnormality being an unstructured interstitial pattern (21/25), with bronchial (11/25) and alveolar (10/25) patterns less common. Pulmonary nodules were identified in 3/25 cats. Mixed pulmonary patterns were frequent (18/25). Sternal lymphadenopathy was present in 16/35 cats. An enlarged cardiac silhouette was noted in 6/35 cats, attributable to myocarditis (3/6), pericardial effusion (1/6), a high output state (1/6) or unrelated cardiomyopathy (1/6). Common histopathologic lesions included pulmonary edema (16/17), fibrinosuppurative pleuritis (13/17) and histiocytic vasculitis causing pneumonia (10/17); myocarditis (5/14); and lymphadenitis (2/2). Histologic lung changes were more common in patients with moderate to severe radiographic pulmonary changes.Conclusions and relevanceThoracic radiographic findings in cats with FIP may include variably distributed pleural effusion; interstitial, bronchial, and/or alveolar patterns; pulmonary nodules; lymphadenopathy; and cardiomegaly. FIP should be considered in cats with these radiographic changes and supportive clinical findings. Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-11T04:21:48Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241309823 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
- Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in cats in
veterinary hospitals in France during the COVID-19 pandemic-
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Authors: Tiphaine Blanchard, Sara Hoummady, Pétra Rouch-Buck, Nathalie Priymenko Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the evolution of the percentage of overweight and obese cats during the COVID-19 pandemic in France, and to identify factors associated with excess weight to inform the development of targeted prevention strategies.MethodsCat owners visiting the veterinary hospitals of Maisons-Alfort and Toulouse between 2020 and 2022 for their pets’ vaccinations were invited to answer a comprehensive questionnaire to gather general information about themselves and their cat, including details of its lifestyle, activity and diet. Only healthy adult cats were included in the study. During the vaccination consultation, veterinarians recorded the body condition score, muscle condition score and weight of each cat. This study followed a protocol adapted from a French study conducted in 2006 to allow analysis of any changes over time.ResultsOf the 274 cats included in the study, 9.1% were underweight, 43.4% had an ideal body condition and 47.5% were overweight. Factors positively linked to overweight included age, being crossbred, being a male and having an owner who underestimated the cat’s body condition. Living with a child and having a high activity score as rated by the owner were associated with ideal body condition. The prevalence of cats with a sedentary lifestyle and the number of overweight cats had both increased since the previous study in 2006. Additionally, changes in cats’ diets and lifestyles over time, including those influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to an increase in exclusive dry food consumption compared with the 2006 study.Conclusions and relevanceImportant changes in cats’ diet and lifestyle occurred between 2006 and 2020–2022. This study emphasises the need for further investigation into the duration of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on feline wellbeing. Educating owners on their cat’s body condition and encouraging cats to be active can be effective strategies for maintaining feline health in response to ongoing global changes.Plain language summaryThis study aimed to understand how the number of overweight and obese cats in France changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors contributing to cats becoming overweight. Understanding the factors leading to obesity in cats is important because it impacts their health and quality of life. Societal transformations over time and during the COVID-19 pandemic have altered people’s routines and lifestyles, potentially affecting their pets. This study focuses on how these changes impacted cats’ body condition. From 2020 to 2022, cat owners visiting veterinary hospitals in Maisons-Alfort and Toulouse for their pets’ vaccinations were asked about their own and their cat’s lifestyle, activity and diet. Only healthy adult cats were included. Veterinarians recorded each cat’s weight, body condition and muscle condition, using a method from a previous study to allow comparison of changes over time. The study included 274 cats. It found that 9.1% were underweight, 43.4% had an ideal weight and 47.5% were overweight. Overweight cats were often older, male, mixed breed and had owners who underestimated their weight. Cats with an ideal weight were more likely to live with children and be more active. During the pandemic, changes in diet and lifestyle, such as increased dry food consumption and reduced activity, could have led to more overweight cats, similar to trends seen in humans. These findings highlight the need for ongoing research into the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pet health. Educating owners about maintaining their cats at a healthy weight and encouraging more activity can help keep cats healthy in the face of lifestyle changes. Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-07T06:03:24Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241305924 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
- Postural drainage and high flow nasal oxygen therapy in four cats with
decompensated cardiogenic pulmonary oedema-
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Authors: Katja-Nicole Adamik, Claire Guillet, Imke Hennink Abstract: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 2, February 2025. Case series summaryThis case series describes four cats with decompensated congestive heart failure and fulminant cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE) that did not respond to conventional treatment and oxygen therapy, and subsequently developed hypoxaemic respiratory failure. The cats were anaesthetised to enable endotracheal intubation, manually ventilated with 100% oxygen and postural drainage was performed immediately to evacuate pulmonary oedema. Afterwards, the cats were extubated and transitioned to high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). HFNO allowed significant improvement in the respiration parameters without causing clinical complications. In three of the cats, the procedure was successful; duration of HFNO ranged between 4 and 44 h, and they were successfully weaned off the HFNO therapy. One cat required re-intubation due to HFNO-response failure and was ultimately euthanased. Another cat was euthanased 5 days later due to the severity of its underlying disease.Relevance and novel informationThis is the first report describing the combined technique of postural drainage and HFNO in cats with decompensated CPE. This combined technique could be a life-saving option for cats that fail to respond to conventional therapies and for which positive pressure ventilation is not an option.Plain language summaryThis case series discusses four cats with severe heart failure and sudden, severe fluid build-up in the lungs (cardiogenic pulmonary oedema) that did not improve with standard treatments and oxygen therapy. These cats developed serious breathing problems due to low oxygen levels. To treat them, the cats were put under anaesthesia to allow for a breathing tube to be inserted, and they were manually ventilated with 100% oxygen. Fluid was then drained from their lungs using a special positioning technique (postural drainage). After this procedure, the cats were moved to high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy. HFNO significantly improved their breathing without causing any noticeable side effects. Three of the four cats responded well to this treatment, with HFNO therapy lasting between 4 and 44 h, and they eventually recovered. Unfortunately, one cat did not respond to HFNO, required the breathing tube again, and was ultimately euthanased. Another cat was euthanased 5 days later due to the severity of its underlying disease. This is the first report to describe using both postural drainage and HFNO in cats with severe lung fluid build-up due to heart failure. This combined approach may be a life-saving option for cats that do not respond to traditional treatments and cannot undergo positive pressure ventilation Citation: Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery PubDate: 2025-02-03T07:04:52Z DOI: 10.1177/1098612X241303329 Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 2 (2025)
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