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- The Effect of Apple (Malus Pumila) Additive on Alfalfa Silage Quality
Authors: Doğancan ERİŞCİ; Tuğba BİNGÖL, Abdurrahman AVCİ
Abstract: In this research, the quality parameters of alfalfa silage made by adding 5% and 10% apples to fresh alfalfa were evaluated. For this purpose, laboratory silos were prepared by adding two different levels of Altınçekirdek apples to the alfalfa dry matter was increased with the addition of 5% wheat straw. The control group and experimental groups were formed from 10 replications. The silages prepared in one liter jars were opened after 60 days. Physical and chemical analyzes were made on silage samples. All silages were scored as "Medium quality" in terms of odor, appearance and color. It was determined that the effect of adding apple to alfalfa silage on dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was not statistically significant compared to the control group. It was detected that the pH values of the silages were between 5.46 - 5.72, but there was no significant difference between the groups. It was determined that lactic acid (LA) level increased significantly with 10% apple addition, and acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) levels decreased significantly in silages (p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Effect of Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharide on Serum Mineral and
Vitamin Levels in Rats with Experimental Fluorosis
Authors: Ugur OZDEK; İbrahim YÖRÜK, Yeter DEĞER
Abstract: Fluorine toxicity occurs in different parts of the world. It is caused by the increase in the fluorine level in the waters, especially due to the dissolution of volcanic rocks over time. Water with high fluorine content can be taken with plant and animal irrigations, and foods obtained from plants and animals, or it can be taken directly with drinking water. In this study, the effects of chitosan (CS) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on some serum trace minerals and vitamin levels in experimental fluorosis rats were investigated. Six groups were formed as control, fluorosis, fluorosis CS and COS groups, healthy CS and COS groups. CS and COS were administered orally for 28 days at a dose of 250 mg/kg. At the end of the study, ketamine anesthesia was administered and the heart was directly cannulated. Trace minerals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Se) and vitamins (retinol, α-tocopherol, D3) were analyzed. Cu, Zn, Se and Mn levels were found to be decreased in the F group compared to the control group. A significant increase was found in the Zn level in the F+CS group and in the Cu, Zn and Se levels in the F+CS group compared to the values in the F group. Serum retinol and α -tocopherol levels were decreased in the F, F+CS, F+COS and CS groups. In conclusion, our findings showed that there was a decrease in serum Zn, Cu, Se, retinol and α-tocopherol levels in rats with fluorosis, and COS was more effective than CS against the decrease in mineral and vitamin levels.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Current Situation and General Problems of Small Ruminant Enterprises in
Hakkâri Province
Authors: Yusuf DEMİR; Selçuk Seçkin TUNCER
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to reveal the current situation of small ruminant breeding enterprises (96 enterprises) in Hakkâri province. The survey data prepared for enterprises was formed from 129 questions. The survey data were evaluated with the SPSS statistical software program. It has been determined that Akkaraman sheep and hair goat are bred together in 59.4% of the sheep and goat farms in Hakkâri (p˂0.01). It was found that 59.4% of the enterprises had to buy to supply their feed needs (p˂0.05) and they mostly preferred alfalfa cultivation (37.5%) as a forage crop. 40.6% of small ruminant breeders stated that they did not receive livestock support. 87.5% of the breeders reported that the supports were insufficient (p˂0.01). Only 28.1% of the breeders expressed the pasture grass quality as good (p˂0.05). While 52.1% of the breeders reported that they had plateau opportunities, it was determined that they mostly (30.2%) went to the plateau in May (p˂0.05) and stayed for 6 months (40.6%) (p˂0.01). While the participation rate in the ram/goat mating period was 55.8%, in the rest (44.2%) rams and goats were kept in the herd throughout the year. Lambing took place in February (52.1%) the most, and mostly (41.7%) completely ended in April. Health/age (35.4%) and body size (33.3%) were found to be the most important criteria for breeder selection. It has been determined that the most important problems of small ruminant breeders are high cost of feed, insufficient pasture quality, problems in plateau activities and use of older men in breeding.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of Organic Acid Kinetics in Tarhana Dough During
Fermentation and Drying
Authors: Ali SOYUÇOK
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the organic acid profile of tarhana dough during fermentation and drying. The content of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, formic acid, malonic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and propionic acid in tarhana samples were taken on the 0th, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, and 15th days of fermentation and on the 16th, 17th, 19th, and 21st days of drying in tarhana and samples were analyzed via high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was determined that the organic acids found at the highest levels during both fermentation and drying processes were lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. In addition, according to the Pearson Correlation test, no correlation was observed between succinic acid with other organic acids and between tartaric acid and propionic acid. The highest correlation was found between lactic acid and acetic (r=0.911, p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Histological Examination of Liver Connective Tissue Fibers in Broiler
Chickens and Japanese Quails
Authors: Füsun ERHAN BAYCUMENDUR; Levent ERGÜN
Abstract: Connective tissue fibers are among the elements that make up the connective tissue, which is the most common type of tissue in the organism. The liver, one of the basic organs for life, is the largest gland in the body and connective tissue forms the roof of the organ.Considering that the liver is an organ affected by connective tissue diseases, the connective tissue that forms the roof of the organ gains more importance. The aim of this study is to reveal the presence and distribution of connective tissue fibers in Japanese quail and broiler chicken livers by histological methods. As material, liver tissue samples of 6 adult chickens and 6 quails were used. Gordon Sweet's silver method was applied to show reticular fibers, Verhoeff’ s Van Gieson for elastic fibers and Masson Trichrome staining technique for collagen fibers were applied to tissue samples taken from liver. After the stained preparations were examined under a light microscope, their photographs were taken and the differences between the groups were evaluated histologically. It was observed that collagen fibers stained more strongly in chicken liver Glisson's capsule and around the formations of the portal space. Reticular fibers were seen more densely in the wall of central vein, between hepatocytes and Glisson's capsule in the chicken liver than in the quail liver. Elastic fibers were found to be similar in structure and proportion in both quail and chicken livers.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Turkey and Its Economic Effect
Authors: Cemalettin AYVAZOĞLU; Pınar AYVAZOĞLU DEMİR
Abstract: Bovine Ephemeral Fever (BEF) is a viral infection that causes a significant decrease in milk and meat production, infertility in cows and bulls, abortion and a significant economic loss due to its rapid spread in the herd. Partial budgeting method was used in the study to measure the economic impact of vaccine use and non-vaccination use. In line with preventive medicine, it has been determined that if animals are vaccinated regularly, there is an average of 8.10 (dolars) vaccination cost per animal, but the average treatment cost of an animal that has not been vaccinated during the epidemic is 20.2 (dolars). It was determined in the economic analysis that in addition to the treatment costs, the loss of milk for a dairy cow increased to approximately 85 (dolars), for a livestock to 148 (dolars) with the loss of condition, but the economic loss increased due to high morbidity. In this context, early diagnosis, detection and monitoring of spreading conditions are as extremely important as vaccination in the fight against BEF infection. It can be said that the economic loss will be minimized with the vaccination and preventive medicine practices to be made by rapid intervention to the disease with the early warning system created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for this purpose in Turkey.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Clinical and Histopathological Comparison of the Efficacy of Ointments
Containing Centella Asiatica extract, Zinc Oxide and Alaptidum in Wound
Healing
Authors: Murat KORKMAZ; Tunahan SANCAK
Abstract: Wound, depending on the deterioration of the anatomical and physical integrity of living tissue; It can be defined as the situation in which all or some of the existing physiological activities of the tissue disappear. Today, many different treatment protocols are frequently used in current wound treatments in order to accelerate wound healing and shorten the process. Medical products that emerged depending on the developing technology and developments in the field of medicine also affected the course of treatment. In this study, it was aimed to histopathologically examine the effects of ointments containing C. asiatica extract, zinc oxide and alaptidum on wound healing in cut wounds in Winstar albino rats. For this purpose, 36 winstar albino rats were randomly divided into groups of twelve and then six groups among themselves. The created study groups were grouped as 5th and 10th days. After shaving and disinfection under general anesthesia, 2 cut wounds were created in the right and left areas of the back, including all layers, and ointments were applied to these wounds’ morning and evening. At the end of the 5th and 10th days, the samples taken from the sacrified rats were sent to the laboratory for histopathological examination. At the end of the study, it was observed that epithelial regeneration was completed earlier and fibrovascular connective tissue proliferation matured earlier in the groups in which ointments containing alaptidum and zinc oxide were applied.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Molecular Investigation of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Herpes
Virus-1 and Bovine Herpes Virus-4 Infections in Abortion Cases of Cattle
in Van District, Turkey
Authors: Hatice YILDIZ; Ali Riza BABAOGLU
Abstract: Abortions, fetal mummification, calf anomalies, and infertility problems constitute most of the reproductive problems in cattle. Viruses play a significant role in the cause of these cases. In cattle, these agents are known as primary abortion agents and the most common of these agents are Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1), and Bovine Herpes Virus Type 4 (BoHV-4). The objective of this research is to determine the potential role of BVDV, BoHV-1, and BoHV-4 as viral abortion agents in cattle housed in the Van district. For this, a total of 115 animal specimens (blood, serum, vaginal swab, vaginal fluid discharge, nasal swab, and abortion material) from 100 abortion, early embryonic deaths, and infertility cases in cattle over the age of 2-5 years old were collected. All samples for detection of BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 genomes were tested by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique using specific primers encoding Panpesti 5'-UTR, Glycoprotein C (gC) and Glycoprotein B (gB) genes, respectively. Result out of the samples tested, 41.73% were positive for BVDV and all samples were negative for BoHV-1 and BoHV-4. In conclusion, the presence of BVDV in cattle in the Van region and its role in the occurrence of abortion cases was emphasized for the first time. It is necessary to the consideration of viral abortions and determine the etiology of abortion cases and genital system problems. According to this, we need to focus on the detection of persistently infected (PI) animals for prevention and control of infection and the most effective way of vaccinating susceptible populations.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- The Effects of Bisphenol A on the Distribution and Heterogeneity of Mast
Cells in Rat Digestive Tract
Authors: Halil Cumhur YILMAZ; Mecit YÖRÜK
Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical component used in plastic products around the world. This study aims to examine the effects of these chemical compounds to which humans are frequently exposed in everyday life, on the heterogeneity and distribution of mast cells in the gastrointestinal system. For the study, 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (control, sham, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg BPA treated). BPA was dissolved in corn oil and administration was done by oral gavage for thirty days. Gastrointestinal tissue samples taken from animals anesthetized with inhalation anesthesia were fixed using BLA (Basic Lead Acetate) and Carnoy fixation. Then, following routine tissue follow-up, they were blocked with Paraplast. Sections (6 µm) taken from the blocks were stained using Toluidine blue (TB) and Alcian blue-safranine O 8GX (AB-SO) combined dyes. Counting and statistical analysis of the mast cells in the TB-stained sections were performed. According to the results of the analysis, a higher number of mast cells was observed in the BLA fixation solution, while the increase in the number of mast cells was statistically significant in the groups treated with BPA (p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Investigation of The Effect of Artemisinin Administration on Total
Oxidant/Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress-Index in The Liver and Kidney
Tissue of Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Mice
Authors: Yılmaz KOÇAK
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the changes in total oxidant (TOS)/antioxidant (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in liver and kidney tissues of mice pre-treatment of artemisinin against oxidative stress that may occur in mice administered pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Swiss albino mice (Male) (n=42) were used in the study. The mice were divided into six groups and each group had seven animals (n=7): (1) Control (C) /saline Group, (2) PTZ (35 mg/kg) Group, (3) Valproate (VPA) (100 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (4) Artemisinin (ART) (30 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (5) ART (60 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (6) ART (120 mg/kg) + PTZ Group. Mice received injections intraperitoneally (ip). After the treatments, the animals were observed for seizures for 30 minutes. On the last day (day 26) of the experiment, the PTZ loading dose (75 mg/kg) was administered to the mice and then the animals were sacrificed. TAS, TOS and OSI levels were measured in liver and kidney tissue. PTZ increased TOS and decreased TAS in liver and kidney tissue. ART significantly increased TAS and decreased TOS in liver tissue at increasing doses (p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluation of Clinical Accuracy of Portable Glucometers in Sheep at the
Beginning of the Breeding Season
Authors: Onur BASBUG; Abdurrahman TAKCI
Abstract: Measurements of blood glucose concentrations are frequently used to diagnose and monitor diseases in sheep. Portable blood glucometers are widely used in human medicine because of their practicality. However, there are not enough studies on the accuracy of these devices in sheep. In this study, it was aimed to determine the changes in the measurement values of two different portable blood glucometers and biochemistry autoanalyzer devices. The study was carried out on a total of 47 Kangal sheep, 17-18 months old, healthy and sick. According to the clinical examination, 35 healthy sheep (Group 1) and 12 patients whose hematocrit and total protein values were higher than the reference values were included in the study (Group 2). Glucose concentrations measured with portable glucometers were compared with the result obtained using the biochemistry autoanalyzer device. The agreement between the measured values was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plots. In addition, Tukey's test was performed to evaluate glucose measurement between groups. In the study found that there were -3.63% and 6.83% differences in the blood glucose measurement readings between the Optium Xceed (OX), On Call Pluss (CP), and biochemistry autoanalyzer devices in Group 1. These figures were found to be 6.08% and 9.66% in Group 2. The variety of measurement differences between the biochemistry autoanalyzer and glucometers should therefore be known in the clinical evaluation of blood glucose levels.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Comparison of the Effects of Medetomidine/Ketamine and Xylazine/Ketamine
Anesthesia and Its Reversal by Atipamezole on Cardiovascular Functions in
Cats
Authors: Murat KİBAR; Aidai ZHUNUSHOVA, Zeynep OZTURK
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term cardiovascular effects of medetomidine/ketamine (MED-KET) and xylazine/ketamine (XYZ-KET) anesthesia regimes and its reversal (atipamezole) in cats through using echocardiography. Twenty sexually intact female cats (weighing between 2.2 and 3.6 kg, and between 0.5 and 5.5 years of age) referred for ovariohysterectomy procedure. Electrocardiogram, non-invasive blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate and pulse oximetry were monitored throughout the anesthesia. Both groups showed declines in left ventricular diameter (LVD%) and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) after anesthesia induction (T0 vs. T1, all, p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Effect of Vitamin D Injection with Synchronization Protocols on Some
Reproductive Parameters in Romanov Sheep in Breeding Season
Authors: Semra KAYA; Gökhan KOÇAK
Abstract: In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D injection on lambing performance and some fertility parameters on the day the synchronization protocol was started in Romanov sheep in breeding season. The study was carried out in 40 Romanov sheep aged 2-4 years. The sheep in the first group (n=23) were injected with vitamin D (1 ml, Provet-D3®, Provet, Turkey) on the day the synchronization protocol was started, while the sheep in the second group (n=17, control group) were injected intramuscularly with 1 mL of saline. In order to synchronize the estrus, intravaginal sponge (20 mg flugestone acetate, Chronogest®, France) was applied to all sheep for 14 days and 300 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (eCG; Chrono-Gest/PMSG®, Germany) was injected intramuscularly immediately after removal. Estrus (100%), pregnancy (100%) and lambing rates (100%) were similar in both groups. It was determined that the rate of multiple lambing was higher in the vitamin D administered group. Fecundity and productivity rates were also higher (91.3%) in the vitamin D administered group. As a result, it is thought that the application of vitamin D may contribute to the increase in the yield of offspring to be obtained from the synchronization protocol. It has been concluded that more comprehensive studies are needed to more clearly reveal the effects of vitamin D injections on fertility parameters.
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Activities in Dogs
Infected with Canine Distemper Virus
Authors: Durmuş HATİPOĞLU; Irmak DİK, Erdem GÜLERSOY
Abstract: Supraphysiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. One of the diseases pathophysiologically associated with ROS accumulation is canine distemper (CD). The purpose of this study was to compare lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in dogs infected with canine distemper virus (CDV) to healthy dogs. The animals in this study consisted of a total of 20 dogs, 10 CDV-positive dogs (Trial group) aged 0–12 months of different breeds and sexes, and 10 healthy dogs (Control group) aged 0–12 months of different breeds and sexes. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits using serum samples. While the activities of GSH and SOD were statistically lower in CDV positive animals compared to healthy animals (p
PubDate: Tue, 29 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +030
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