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- Effect of Bromelain Against Nickel Genotoxication in Rats
Authors: Füsun TEMAMOĞULLARI; Pinar AKSU KILIÇLE, Şükrü GÜRLER, Zozan GARİP Abstract: In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of bromelain against nickel sulfate genotoxication. Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 200 ± 20 g were used in the study. These were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6), including one control and three experimental groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (nickel sulfate 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [IP]), Group 3 (Bromelain 20 mg/kg, oral gavage ), Group 4 (nickel sulfate 20 mg/kg IP + bromelain 20 mg/kg oral gavage ). After the ten-day experimental period, the animals were euthanized on the 11th day. Femoral bones were taken from animals dissected on day 11, and micronucleus protocol was applied. At the end of the protocol, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) were counted. The statistical results of the counted values were determined. The groups were compared only according to MNCPE, the level of which was statistically significant in the group with bromelain than in the group with nickel sulfate alone (P < .05). The data obtained suggested that bromelain at the administered dose (20 mg/kg) is not potentially preventive to the genotoxic effects of nickel sulfate at the administered dose (20 mg/kg). PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- First Detection of Lake Sinai Virus (LSV) in Varroa Mites in Turkey
Authors: Abdurrahman Anıl ÇAĞIRGAN; Murat KAPLAN, Kemal PEKMEZ, Fatih ARSLAN Abstract: Bee viruses are one of the most important agents that negatively affect colony health. It is known that viruses are generally associated with colony losses. LSV, one of the viruses that affect colony health, is an RNA virus that was first detected in honey bees in 2009 in the United States of America and has not yet been classified. Although its pathogenicity is not fully known yet, it is known to affect colony health. Varroa mites affect the health of the colony negatively by transmitting viruses to honey bees both biologically and mechanically. This study, it was aimed to molecularly detect the LSV genome by RT-PCR in Varroa mites, which play a vector role in the transmission of bee viruses to honey bees. LSV genome was positive in 12 of the Varroa mites collected from 26 different apiaries in İzmir (n = 6) and Muğla (n = 20). 50% of Varroa samples collected from Muğla province and 33.3% of samples collected from İzmir province were LSV positive. In conclusion, in this study, the LSV viral genome was detected for the first time in the country, and it tried to expand the knowledge about the diversity of viral diseases of honey bees in Turkey and Varroa mites, which play a biological or mechanical role in the transmission of viral diseases. Further studies are needed to determine the association of LSV with Varroa mites and the actual impact on honey bee populations in the country. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Determination of the Content of Bone Inclusions in Multicomponent Meat
Products Authors: Nina USATENKO; Sergii VERBYTSKYİ Abstract: A specific criterion for the use of mechanically deboned poultry meat in sausages and other meat products is the presence of bone inclusions. Known methods for determining bone inclusions in mechanically deboned meat do not provide the required accuracy for meat products as they contain spices, starch, dietary fiber, and other ingredients. These methods are too complicated and expensive. The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and accurate method for the gravimetric determination of bone inclusions in meat products. To reach the purpose the known methods of quantitative analysis of bone inclusions in meat products and the repeatability and reproducibility of the said methods were improved. The results of the research consist in the developed gravimetric method for determining bone inclusions in meat products and its metrological acceptance duly proven. Samples of meat products are treated with 2% alkali solution (KOH) for complete dissolution of proteins and fat. The samples are then treated with a concentrated solution of zinc chloride (ZnCl2). This reagent suspends food moisture retaining additives, such as starch and fibers. As a result, their density is higher than that of spices, but lower than that of bone inclusions. When the resulting suspension is allowed to stand, the spices float to the surface, and the bone inclusions precipitate. The precipitate is washed, dried, and the mass of bone inclusions is determined. Experiments showed that the relative total error in measurements of bone inclusions increases with a decrease in their content in meat products and does not exceed 45% for the official norms of Ukraine ranging from 0.1% to 0.2% of bone inclusions. The conclusion can be drawn that the method for determining the mass fraction of bone inclusions in multicomponent meat products, developed and approved at the official level for analytical practice, expands the possibility of determining the degree of falsification of these products at the level of qualitative and quantitative expertise in accordance with the normative documents in force. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Using Covariance Factor in Genetic Parameter Estimation
Authors: Ömer ELTAS; Mehmet TOPAL Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to determine the efficiency of REML, MINQUE and MIVQUE methods, which are frequently used methods in estimating genetic parameters, in the estimation of variance components when the covariance factor is included in the model. Balanced and normally distributed data obtained by simulation were used in the study. A mixed model with both fixed and chance factors was used in the estimation of variance components. Dry period for milk yield and dam’s live weight for birth weight were determined as covariates. In comparing the variance components obtained by the methods, the criteria of having a small environmental variance and a small ratio of environmental variance to total variance were taken as basis. When the methods were compared, the best results for both milk yield and birth weight were obtained with the MINQUE method when the covariate was included in the model. However, the negative variance was obtained with the MINQUE method. In the MIVQUE method, the increase in environmental variance as a result of the inclusion of the covariate in the model was determined as the negative side of this method. In cases where covariance factors were included or not included in the mixed model, the results of the REML method were found to be better and more reliable than the MINQUE and MIVQUE methods when estimating the genetic parameter in the balanced and normally distributed data. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Investigating Potential Protective Effects of Rutin against
Deltametrin-Induced Spleen Toxicity in Rats through Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Inflammation Markers Authors: Cihan GÜR; Aydın GENÇ, Özge KANDEMİR Abstract: In this study, the protective effects of rutin (RUT) against spleen toxicity caused by deltamethrin (DLM) were investigated. For this purpose, DLM and/or RUT were applied to Sprague dawley rats for 28 days. According to results, DLM increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in spleen tissue, decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and mRNA transcript levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (KAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. RUT treatment caused a decrease in MDA levels, activated SOD, KAT and GPx expressions and increased GSH levels. Also, RUT showed anti-inflammatory effect in spleen tissue by suppressing the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK14), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) activated by DLM. It was observed that the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) suppressed by DLM was activated by RUT. It is also among the other findings that the apoptotic protein Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax) is activated by DLM and suppressed by RUT. As a result, it was determined that DLM had a toxic effect on spleen tissue by causing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, however, RUT demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and protected spleen tissue from the toxic effect of DLM. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Prevalence of Canine Cardiac Dirofilariasis in Nineveh Governorate of Iraq
Authors: Maab Ibrahim AL-FARWACHİ; Haneen Badran AL-MELACHİ Abstract: Canine cardiac dirofilariasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. This research work is aimed to find out the prevalence of both a microfilaremic (patent infection) and occult forms (amicrofilaremic form) of cardiac dirofilariasis in stray and police dogs of Nineveh governorate (in northwestern Iraq). From October 2021 to January 2022, the blood of ninety dogs of various breeds, including 45 local breeds stray dogs and 45 police dogs, mostly of Belgian Malinois and German Shepherd breeds, with an age range of 1 to 11 years (median: 4.5 years), were examined microscopically by wet mount, acridine orange stained blood smears and modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria. All the samples were further tested by a commercial antigen- enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays kit (Heartworm Ag ELISA kit, Canine, DRG International Inc., USA) in order to detect dogs with occult cardiac dirofilariasis. A total of 49 samples were microfilaria positive, giving a prevalence value of 54.4%. D.immitis antigens were detected in 27.8% of the examined sera, with an overall prevalence of 78.9%. Stray dogs showed a higher prevalence for both microfilaremia and occult forms of cardiac dirofilariasis compared to police dogs in Nineveh Governorate of Iraq. The agreement between the modified Knott's test (Gold standard) and wet mount, acridine orange stained blood smears, and Ag ELISA using Cohen’s Kappa index was light for the wet mount (0.030) and substantial for Ag ELISA(0.462), and acridine orange stained blood smears (0.607). The findings of the present study provide evidence for the prevalence and pattern of canine cardiac dirofilariosis in dogs (both stray and police) in Iraq’s Nineveh Governorate, requiring a phylogenetic analysis. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
- Evaluation of Interleukin and Vitamin Levels in Sheep Infested with
Sarcoptes Scabiei Authors: Pelin Fatoş POLAT DİNÇER; Ömer Faruk GÖKCECİK, Alper BAŞA Abstract: This study determined the levels of Vitamin E, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in sheep naturally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei). It also determined the dominant cytokine response and investigated its relationship with 25(OH)D3. For this purpose, 20 sheep between the ages of 1-4 years, naturally infected with S. scabiei, with crusted wounds were compared with 10 healthy sheep in the same age range. Five ml of blood was collected from each animal and stored at -20 °C until the serum was analyzed. To detect scabies, scrapings were taken and examined under a microscope. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was to determine IL-2 and IL-4 serum levels, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for Vitamin E analysis, and immunoassay for 25(OH)D3 determination. Vitamin E and 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower in infected sheep compared to the control group (P < .05) whereas the IL-4 level of the infected animals was significantly higher (P < .05) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups for IL-2 level (P > .05). In conclusion, serum vitamin E and 25(OH)D3 levels were lower in crusted scabies in sheep infected with S. scabiei, T lymphocytes had a critical role, and the immune response was in the direction of Th2. PubDate: Fri, 29 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +030
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