 Subjects -> VETERINARY SCIENCE (Total: 220 journals)
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- Evaluation of Health Related Quality of Life in Dogs Treated with
Chemotherapy for Lymphoma
Abstract: Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic tumor in dogs. The standard diagnostic approach and staging includes detailed clinical history, physical examination and extended laboratory workup including lymph node cytology. Multidrug chemotherapy is the main treatment of the disease. Often, owners are concerned about the side effects of the treatment and the quality of life of their dog during chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the health related wellbeing of the patients with lymphoma previous, during and at the end of the chemotherapy. Five patients with multicentric lymphoma were monitored in three phases (beginning, middle and end of chemotherapy). The monitoring included clinical examination, laboratory analyses and a questionnaire for the owner. Results revealed significant improvement (p< 0.1) of the basic red blood cells parameters (RBC, PCV and Hb), platelets (PLT) as well as liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and protein status (total protein and globulin). Regarding the life quality assessed by the owners, dogs' appetite, general health compared to each visit and the current quality of life were significantly improved (p<0.1) and all of the owners were satisfied with the decision for chemotherapy.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Maternal Subclinical and Clinical Hypothyroidism Effects on Rat Offspring:
A Story of the Skin and its Derivatives
Abstract: Epidermis stem cells have a crucial role through the processes of proliferation and differentiation, to replace cells that are constantly lost during tissue turnover or following injury. On the other hand, thyroid hormones regulate the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal cells and thus significantly influence the homeostasis of the skin. It is well known that maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy leads to impaired development of many organ systems in their offspring. However, there is a lack of data about the influence of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and lactation on the development of the skin and its derivatives in the litter. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal thyroid dysfunction on the development of the skin and its derivatives in their offspring in the early postnatal period. Antithyroid substance 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil was added into the drinking water to female Albino Oxfords rats from the beginning of pregnancy and during lactation, with the aim to induce subclinical and overt form of hypothyroidism. Skin samples were taken from male pups within twenty-four hours and seven days after birth. The main findings of this investigation were that both forms of maternal hypothyroidism lead to serious damage of the epidermis in pups in terms of pronounced hyperkeratosis and reduction of the germinal layer along with a reduced number of hair follicles and their delayed morphogenesis. Epidermal impairments were more pronounced in pups with the overt form of hypothyroidism while offspring with the subclinical form had impairments that were less pronounced and delayed in occurrence.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Application of Different Techniques in Facial Nerve Reconstruction on
Experimental Models
Abstract: The facial nerve is the main motor nerve that activates the mimic musculature of the face. Nerve tree injuries lead to paralysis of the same half of the face. In addition to functional damage in the form of difficulty in chewing, speaking and closing the eyes, paresis is the cause of pronounced emotional and social problems in patients.The etiology of facial nerve damage is diverse, including trauma, neurological, infectious, metabolic, vascular, neoplastic processes, as well as idiopathic and iatrogenic. Of special importance to us are iatrogenic injuries of the transcranial part of the facial nerve, which most often occur as part of surgical interventions in the area of the parotid lodge, where the nerve itself branches into its final branches that innervate facial muscles. A high degree of iatrogenic damage over 40% requires the timely application of adequate techniques and materials for the purpose of neuroregeneration.Considering the delicacy of the function of the facial nerve and the consequences of its damage, previous methods described in some studies, used in the regeneration process are based on the summarized results of experimental studies on different animal models. A prerequisite for the success of an experimental study is certainly the anatomical compatibility of experimental animals and humans.Based on the analyzed research, in the last decade rats were used the most, which can be linked to acceptable maintenance costs. Nevertheless, rabbits represent an ideal experimental model due to their anatomical and functional similarities with humans, in which it is possible to successfully simulate paralysis of the facial nerve and monitor the recovery of mimic musculature using the method of movement visualization and electromyography.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Hypertrophic Osteopathy Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma in a Cat: An
Overview
Abstract: Hypertrophic osteopathy (HO) is a pathological condition characterized by progressive, bilateral and symmetrical periosteal bone hyperostosis. Hypertrophic osteopathy is considered a secondary disease that occurs as a consequence of many chronic processes, which are primarily localized in the thoracic cavity (intrathoracic lesions), and less as a result of changes in the abdominal cavity (extrathoracic lesions). We describe a case of a 3.5-year-old female unneutered short-haired cat with a history of chronic weight loss, decreased appetite, dyspnea, and wet cough. During the native X-ray examination of the thoracic cavity, a clearly limited homogeneous radiopaque shadow which covered the entire thoracic cavity was found, as well as periostitis of the front limbs, mainly on the humeri, radii and ulnae. After euthanizing the cat, a control X-ray examination and necropsy of the body was performed. The necropsy revealed a soft-tissue proliferation measuring 13 x 5 x 4 cm and weighing 228 g, and a pronounced ossified periostosis of the long bones, while the histopathological findings revealed adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes. The outcome of hypertrophic osteopathy mostly depends on the primary cause. If the initial lesion had been identified and removed on time, the condition would have also receded spontaneously. The primary tool in determining hypertrophic osteopathy is X-ray diagnosis. Considering the determination of this condition is an indicator of ongoing severe disease, especially in the thoracic cavity, its early diagnosis would lead to prolongation of the animal's life.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Use of Parasitological and Molecular Methods in sp. Detection in Animals
Held in Captivity
Abstract: Protozoa of the genus Giardia cause the disease giardiosis in a large number of animal species, but also in humans. This disease can be either subclinical or followed by diarrhea, malabsorption, weight loss and stunted growth. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Giardia sp. in different species of animals in Belgrade Zoo (asymptomatic infection) and to compare the sensitivity of parasitological and molecular-genetic methods. Examination of the presence of Giardia sp. protozoa was performed in 52 fecal samples, using fecal flotation and molecular-genetic PCR method. No positive samples were detected when deploying the parasitological method, while PRC analysis revealed the presence of Giardia sp. in one animal - ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), which indicates the advantage of the molecular-genetic method over the parasitological one. The absence of Giardia sp. in other samples can be explained by adequate housing conditions, successful implementation of hygienic and sanitary measures, as well as good veterinary practice. Use of PCR method for testing the presence of Giardia sp. showed a higher sensitivity when compared to the fecal flotation method.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Resistance to Antibiotics by Enteric Bacteria Associated with the Swine
Industry: Exploration of the Distribution of Resistance Genes
Abstract: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a significant contributor to the global antibiotic resistance crisis, which is predicted to kill more people than cancer by 2050. Livestock production is a contributing factor as it has been one of the fastest-growing industries in the previous century but has the most harmful effects on the environment and human health. The pig is the most widely raised and consumed food-producing animal globally, with an upward trend. The derived residues and the meat products constitute an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that can be transmitted to humans through consumption, direct contact, the environment, or poor handling, leading to relevant zoonotic diseases, especially enteric ones. It is essential to know the diversity, abundance, and distribution of ARGs to have better control and monitoring of their dispersion. In the present study, the ARGs and Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) of five enteric and pathogenic species commonly present in the microbiota of both pigs and humans were examined by bioinformatic analysis. This analysis showed that 157 ARGs were distributed across 1869 genomes of five bacterial species, ranked from highest to lowest diversity of ARGs: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enterica, and Enterococcus faecalis. This study contributes to better management of antibiotics, which directly impact the health of both humans and animals.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolated from Sheep with Fibrinous
Pneumonia
Abstract: Ovine respiratory complex is a significant cause of death in sheep flocks, where Pasteurella multocida is the most frequent microorganisms isolated from animals with pneumonia. There is an urgent need to refine the use of different antimicrobials to avoid the problem of antimicrobial resistance and optimize the control of this disease in ovine livestock. The first step in approaching this problem is gaining an insight into the antimicrobial susceptibility of ovine pathogens. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of tildipirosin, gamithromycin, oxytetracycline, and danofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from sheep with fibrinous pneumonia. The strains were incubated following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard conditions and also with a modified method by 25% supplementation with sheep serum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. The lowest MIC90 under standard conditions and by supplementation with sheep serum was obtained with tildipirosin. Sheep serum significantly reduced tildipirosin, gamithromycin, and danofloxacin MIC values for Pasteurella multocida strains. In brief, the potency of tildipirosine, gamithromycin, and danofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida increases when sheep serum is added to the culture media.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Effects of Transport and Holding Stress on Prussian Carp (, Bloch, 1782.)
Leukogram Pattern
Abstract: Stress inevitably occurs during any fish handling and manipulation in culturing, research, or clinical examination situations that require capture and removal of fish from water. Different stress factors can affect the changes in the relative numbers and function of cells of the fish immune system. Catching, transportation and over-crowding caused stress-induced changes in the total number of leukocytes and thrombocytes, as well as changes in the leukocyte formula in Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio, Bloch, 1782) presented here. Cytochemical characterization of leukocyte cell types was performed by applying Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Sudan Black B (SBB) staining of Prussian carp blood smears. Cytochemical characterization is a rapid and efficient method for white leukocyte differentiation and insight in their functional status. Comparison and analysis in Prussian carp hematological parameters from fish with and without exposure to stressful conditions such as capture, manipulation, transport and holding, revealed significant differences between stressed and non-stressed fish. Significant reduction in the total number of thrombocytes and lymphocytes and the increase in total neutrophil count were observed in stressed animals. However, differences in total leukocyte number and the number of monocytes were not observed. Deviations from the estimated reference intervals for Prussian carp hematological parameters clearly indicated the presence/absence of a stress reaction and to some extent its intensity. Estimated reference intervals and characterization of morphological and cytochemical appearance of blood cells form a solid basis for further research of the cellular immune function and hematology changes in Prussian carp.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- A Dilated Pore of Winer in a Young Iberian Lynx
Abstract: A 1.5-year-old male Iberian lynx born in captivity presented with a 2.2 cm exophytic nodular alopecic mass at the left tarsus medial aspect, before being released into the wild. The lesion had keratinised material protruding through a 1.2 cm pore, forming a cutaneous horn. Histopathology revealed a cystic dermo-epidermal lesion lined by psoriasiform hyperplasia of the epithelium, thicker at the base of the cyst, together with abrupt to progressive keratinization and keratin pearls. The central cystic cavity was filled with fibrillary keratin and ghost cells. Immunohistochemistry for pan-cytokeratin showed strong positive immunolabeling in the hyperplastic epithelium and a weaker immunolabeling at the content of the cyst. A final diagnosis of a Dilated Pore of Winer was made. This paper is the first reported case of a DPW in a lynx and a wild felid.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Tibia Growth and Development in Broiler Chicks Reared under Continuous
Light and Melatonin Dietary Supplementation During the First Two Weeks of
Life
Abstract: The first few weeks after broilers hatch are the period of most intense bone growth and development, and the time when they are most susceptible to the influence of various external and internal factors. Research in the recent decades has focused on the involvement of melatonin in bone development during early life in chickens. Melatonin release from the pineal gland has a circadian rhythm, with the highest levels circulating during the night and decreasing during the light phase of the day. Various types of lighting are used in intensive broiler production. In this study, the effects of melatonin on the tibial structure and growth of broilers were investigated. During the first two weeks of life, two groups of chickens were kept under continuous light and fed the same diet, with the experimental group receiving melatonin in the amount of 0.03 g/kg of feed. The results obtained showed that the addition of melatonin in the diet had positive effects on the development and growth of the tibia, which was expressed in a significantly greater thickness of the diaphysis and cortical bone of the diaphysis, higher breaking force and higher values of alkaline phosphatase activity. The cortical bone mineral density of the tibia did not differ significantly between the groups of chicken.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- The Quality of Life of Allergic Cats, Treated with Allergen-Specific
Immunotherapy – A Retrospective Study
Abstract: Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) describes allergic skin diseases in cats associated with sensitivity to environmental allergens. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) aims to reduce or eliminate symptoms associated with subsequent exposure to the causative allergen. The primary outcome of this study was to determine if the quality of life (QoL) of cats and owners improved as a result of ASIT. The secondary outcome was to determine whether the QoL improved in cats treated with ASIT compared with cats treated symptomatically. Eight cats were included in the ASIT group (AG) and 6 cats in the control group (CG). Validated quality of life questionnaires were retrospectively completed by cat owners for the period before and after treatment. The QoL of cats improved significantly with ASIT. Cats were significantly less lazy, nervous, aggressive, restrained, preened less while sleeping and hid less, were less disturbed by consultations, were more playful and interactive with their environment, and had better appetites than before treatment. Owners felt significantly less physically exhausted and less emotionally distressed compared to before ASIT treatment and their expenses were significantly lower. On the contrary various symptomatic treatments did not significantly improve the quality of life of the cats or their owners in any of the terms. No serious side effects were observed with ASIT. The quality of life of animals suffering from chronic diseases is important as it determines the decisions of owners and veterinarians on the modalities of lifelong treatment. Validated questionnaires are still rarely used in veterinary practice and research.
PubDate: Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Fowl Adenovirus Infection – Potential Cause of a Suppressed Humoral
Immune Response of Broilers to Newcastle Disease Vaccination
Abstract: Fowl adenovirus infections have a significant economic impact, especially in the production of broilers. It is considered the leading cause of three syndromes: adenoviral gizzard erosions and ulcerations, inclusion body hepatitis, and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome. A critical feature of this virus is its immunosuppressive effect, via suppressing humoral and cellular immunity.In this study, we examined the humoral immune response after administration of the Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler flocks with previously confirmed seroconversion against Fowl adenovirus. The study was conducted on 5 farms. A total of 220 chickens, five weeks of age, showing no clinical signs of the disease, were included in this study. The control group consisted of 20 chickens from a negative farm. Chickens were vaccinated with commercially available live NDV vaccines between 11 and 13 days of life. ELISA determined the presence of specific antibodies against FAdV in a total of 130/200 (65%) blood sera. Depending on the farm, seroprevalence ranged from 30-100%. The presence of specific antibodies against NDV was determined three weeks after vaccination using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. A positive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer (≥ 16) was found in 41/200 (20.5%) sera, which was significantly less compared to the control farm, where a positive HI titer was found in 20/20 (100%) sera.The results of our study indicate the immunosuppressive effect of FAdV in subclinically infected birds and highlight the need for its diagnosis, prevention, and control.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of
Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin Resistance in Isolates from Bovine and
Human
Abstract: In this study, penicillin, oxacillin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance in S. aureus strains that were isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and human patients were investigated. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iML) was not found in 30 bovine isolates, while it was detected in 3 (10%) of 30 human isolates. MIC90 values of penicillin, oxacillin and macrolide-lincosamides (ML) were 2, 0.19, >256 µg/ml in bovine isolates and were 3, 3 and 0.19-1.5 µg/ml in human isolates, respectively. Streptogramin resistance was not found in both bovine and human isolates. Although the mecA gene was detected in all of the oxacillin resistant isolates, blaZ gene could not be detected in penicillin resistant isolates. The erm(B) gene was detected in 5 (38.6%) of 13 ML-resistant bovine isolates, and the mph(C) gene was detected in 2 (66.66%) of 3 human isolates. As a result, resistance to penicillin and oxacillin was found to be higher in human S. aureus isolates, while ML resistance was found to be higher in bovine isolates in this investigation. It was concluded that the presence of genes in extra-chromosomal elements associated to penicillin and macrolide resistance should be investigated. The data obtained from this study will contribute to the studies on antimicrobial susceptibility in the field of human and veterinary medicine.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Orthovoltage X-Ray Therapy of Large Cell Invasive Nasal Lymphoma in Cat
Abstract: Feline nasal lymphoma is generally a localized radiosensitive tumor. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of both modalities. Radiation therapy (RT) in a combination with chemotherapy lead to median survival from 19 months to 955 days. The objective of this paper is to report a case of a large cell late stage invasive feline nasal lymphoma and to evaluate the results of orthovoltage radiation therapy and its side effects. A 12-year-old female mixed breed cat was presented with nasal discharge, sneezing and hyporexia. Definitive histopathology diagnosis was diffuse large cell lymphoma. Computed tomography revealed an advanced stage of the disease, an intranasal mass, bone lysis, invasion of the orbital space and central nervous system. A radical course of X-ray therapy was performed (SFD = 4 Gy, TSD = 40 Gy, 10 sessions, 3 times a week). Radiation side effects were well tolerated and resolved with supportive treatment. Lymphoma is a systemic process and requires a multidisciplinary approach. On most cases, the penetrating ability of radiation therapy of 3.5 cm in depth is enough for small domestic animals. A significant effect is noted in the middle of the treatment course. The fractionated regime did not cause early radiation damage. The relapse-free period was up to 8 months. The patient had a satisfying quality of life for 5 months. Orthovoltage X-ray therapy can be considered as a treatment choice for local nasal lymphoma. X-ray therapy is a widely used modality in veterinary medicine considering the price of machines and costs of treatment.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Methane Emission and Metabolic Status in Peak Lactating Dairy Cows and
Their Assessment Via Methane Concentration Profile
Abstract: Ruminant husbandry contributes to global methane (CH4) emissions and beside its negative impact on the environment, enteric CH4 emissions cause a loss of gross energy intake in cows. The study is aimed to estimate CH4 emission and metabolic status in dairy cows via the methane concentration profile as a tool for analyzing the CH4 production pattern. The study included eighteen cows whose enteric CH4 emission was measured during three consecutive days in three periods: 2 hours before (P1), 2–4 hours (P2) and 6–8 hours (P3) after the morning feeding. Based on CH4 enteric emissions, cows were divided into two groups (n=6, respectively): HM (average CH4 concentration: 5430.08 ± 365.92 ppm) and LM (average CH4 concentration: 1351.85 ± 205.20 ppm). Following CH4 measurement, on day 3, venous blood was sampled to determine the indicators of the metabolic status. HM cows had significantly higher average CH4 concentrations, maximum and average CH4 peak amplitude than LM cows in all measuring periods (P1-P3), while the number of CH4 peaks tended to be higher in HM than in LM cows in P2. There were no differences in the maximum and average CH4 peak width and average distance among two CH4 peaks between examined groups of cows. HM cows had significantly higher total protein concentrations and significantly lower total bilirubin and NEFA concentrations than LM cows. In conclusion, HM cows have a greater number of eructations and release more CH4 per eructation than LM cows, hence the differences in metabolic status are most likely related to the differences in their liver function.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in
Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food
Abstract: Intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) benefits human and animal health. Our study aimed to analyze the long-chain n-3 PUFA content of two types of food and their effect on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids of Belgian Shepherd dogs. A total of 10 dogs were fed commercial granulated food (Food 1), and another 10 were provided commercial Premium granulated food of high quality (Food 2). All the analyses were performed using gas-liquid chromatography. Our results showed that Food 1 contained more n-3 PUFA than Food 2, which was reflected in higher n-3 PUFA in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Because long-chain n-3 PUFA in phospholipids are precursors for antioxidative molecules, further studies should investigate the effects of the analyzed commercial granulated food rich in n-3 on oxidative stress parameters in dogs.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- The Impact of African Swine Fever (ASF) on Romanian Pig Meat Production: A
Review
Abstract: The first outbreak of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Romania was recorded in a backyard holding in Satu Mare County in July 2017 as a result of a previous large-scale spread of the virus in wild boars and domestic pig populations in two of Romania’s neighbouring countries, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova. Since then, more than 1.3 million domestic pigs have been infected in more than 5600 backyard holdings and commercial farms all over Romania where stamping out procedures have been performed afterwards. The spread of the disease could not be contained despite the contingency plans developed by the authorities based on the current EU and Romanian legislation, and currently, the entire territory of Romania is considered to be affected, leading to a significant decline of the pig inventory and major damages in the commercial farming system. Consequently, the amounts of pork imported from other EU member states have increased yearly, pig meat becoming the main commodity on the list of agricultural goods purchased by Romania. 2021 has been by far the worst year for Romanian pig meat production, generating the highest financial losses mainly due to the inability of authorities and policymakers to implement effective and efficient disease control measures.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Design of a Replicative-Competent MGF110 (1L-5-6L) Deleted African Swine
Fever Virus (Genotype II)
Abstract: Viral individual genes functions and their role in the interaction with the host cells remain the main area in the study of African swine fever virus (ASFV) biology. The extreme heterogeneity of the ASFV makes it difficult to develop vaccines against this pathogen. In this work, we generated the ASFV deletion mutant virus Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) with the six genes deletion in multigenic family 110 (MGF110) (1L-5-6L) and studied its characteristics in vitro. The homologous recombination method was used for the deletion in ASFV parental strain Volgograd/14с. A series of six passages was carried out in the COS-1 cell culture using the limiting dilution method. The recombinant strain Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 was selected by the plaque formation method. Performed study of viral replication showed no changes in viral growth kinetics in comparison with the parental strain. The ASFV Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 is a great tool available to test the importance of MGF110 for virus virulence and vaccine development.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Preventive Supplementation of Vitamin E and Selenium as a Factor in
Improving the Success Rate of Embryo Transfer in Cattle
Abstract: The effects of stress on processes in the body are becoming an increasingly relevant research subject. The reproductive ability of bovine animals largely depends on these effects, whilst embryo transfer is increasingly being used as a reproduction method. In this study, we established the differences in the implantation ability of heifers that were treated (N=17) with selenium (Se) and vitamins AD3E, and non-treated heifers. Upon transfer, we took blood samples from both groups and used the total antioxidant status (TAS) value to analyze the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the levels of vitamin E and Se in blood plasma. In the study, we were able to demonstrate that preventive measures in the form of supplementation of vitamin E and Se, mitigate the effects of oxidative stress, strengthen the ability of an organism to improve the dynamic relationship between free radicals and antioxidants, improve the energy status of cattle, positively impact reproductive parameters and increase the success rate of embryo transfer. The difference in the number of successful embryo implantations between the control and treated group was statistically significant, with 64.7% of treated heifers being pregnant after embryo transfer and giving birth to healthy calves. In the control group, the implantation success rate was 41.2%. The supplementation of antioxidants in the form of a combination of vitamin AD3E and Se, proved to be a good method for strengthening the defense of an organism and an effective mean of preventive clinical approach for improving fertility parameters.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Radiological Investigation of Guinea Pig () Lumbar Vertebral Morphology
‒ A Biomechanical Aspect
Abstract: Numerous studies are based on the use of animal models; however, in bipedal and tetrapedal organisms there are significant differences in the biomechanics of the spinal column, which can significantly impair the quality and applicability of the results obtained. The aim of this study is to obtain basic data on the morphometric parameters of guinea pig lumbar vertebrae, the analysis of which will indicate the location of the biggest mechanical load. The lumbar vertebra morphometry test was performed by means of X-ray imageing obtained from 12 guinea pigs, with equal numbers of males and females. The results of investigations show that guinea pig lumbar vertebrae have an irregular trapezoid geometry and that the measured body lengths of L4 and L5 are the largest. The height parameters determined in the medial level showed that L4 had the most concave body. Moreover, L4 had the greatest depth of the spinal canal at the same measurement level. Consequently, in guinea pigs, the greatest load is in the L4 region, unlike in humans, where, due to the axial load of the spinal column, the highest pressure is exerted on the last lumbar vertebrae.
PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT
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