 Subjects -> VETERINARY SCIENCE (Total: 220 journals)
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- Characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli
isolated from selected internal organs of donkeys slaughtered in abattoirs
in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: M.C. Esonu, C.N. Kwanashie, P.H. Mamman, D.O. Esonu
Pages: 1 - 11
Abstract: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a natural inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals. Several strains exist some are harmless while some are pathogenic causing various fatal conditions in both humans and animals. To characterize and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolated from liver, spleen and intestine of donkeys slaughtered in Maraban Idah, Kaduna State, Nigeria, a total of 384 samples were collected from 128 donkeys from April to August 2018. The samples were processed using standard methods of cultural enrichment, growth on selective media, biochemical and antibiotics susceptibility test. The overall isolation rate was 5.2% with organ distribution of 4.7%. 4.7% and 6.3% for intestine, liver and spleen, respectively. Escherichia coli was slightly higher in the spleen than in the liver and intestine though there was no significant association (p = 0.810) between the presence of E. coli and the organs sampled. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (90%), enrofloxacin (80%) and colistin (70%) while some were highly resistant to common antibiotics such as penicillin (95%), oxytetracycline (90%) and amoxycilline (75%). Most of the isolates (75%) displayed resistance to two (2) different classes of antimicrobials with a total of 5 resistance patterns. Therefore, there is a need for education and public awareness regarding hygienic processing and consumption of offals of slaughtered donkeys. Also, further studies should be done to ascertain the genes responsible for resistance to
antimicrobials observed in the E. coli isolates from the slaughtered donkeys.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.1
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
- Epidemiology and antibiogram of listeria species from retail raw frozen
atlantic mackerel fish (Scomber scombrus) in Nigeria
Authors: O.J. Okorie-Kanu, M.U. Anyanwu, R.I. Okosi, F.A. Oyeleye, S.O. Olorunleke, A.C. Mgbeahuruike, C.O. Anyaoha, T.E. Ejiofor, L.O. Majesty-Alukagberie, C.O. Okorie-Kanu, E.V. Ezenduka
Pages: 12 - 26
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology and antibiogram of Listeria species isolated from raw frozen Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber Scombrus) fish sold in Enugu State Southeastern Nigeria. Twentyfive grams each of raw fish gut and skin were collected from 800 raw fish sold in 8 major markets randomly selected from the study area. Isolation of Listeria was done using half and full fraser broths, and polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol (PALCAM) agar. Confirmation of the genus Listeria was done by a polymerase chain reaction. Identification of species was done using an analytic profile index (API) kit specific for Listeria. The antibiotic resistance of the isolates was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of the 800 fish samples, 38 (4.75%) were positive for Listeria species. Enugu North (6.50%) had significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence than Enugu East (3.0%). Five Listeria species were identified. Listeria innocua (71.1%) predominated, followed by Listeria welshimeri (10.5%), Listeria ivanovii (7.9%), Listeria grayi (5.3%) and Listeria monocytogenes (5.3%). All the isolates were susceptible to the tested antibacterial agents. The occurrence of Listeria species in raw frozen Atlantic mackerel fish, poses a threat, when consumed raw or lightly cooked, to people especially the immunocomprormised persons whose population is increasing as a result of improvement in medical technology. Also, the possibility of cross contamination in the kitchen or food service establishments is also a concern. Since all the Listeria species got in this study showed 100% susceptibility to all the antimicrobials tested, therefore, there is no fear of acquiring and transferring antibiotic resistance genes from raw frozen Atlantic mackerel fish to the general human population.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.2
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
- Land marks and quantity of 2% lidocaine for thoracolumbar paravertebral
nerve block in west African dwarf goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: T.O. Nev, A.I. Kisani, O. Byanet, A.T. Elsa
Pages: 27 - 40
Abstract: No Abstract.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.3
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
- Serological detection of foot and mouth disease antibodies in apparenty
healthy pigs within federal capital territory, Abuja
Authors: M. EchiodaOgbole, H.K.O. Olabode, S. Maliafia, J.A. Ameh
Pages: 41 - 50
Abstract: Swine production contributes significantly to the economic wealth of most farmers in developing nations including Nigeria. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been a highly contagious viral disease of agricultural importance in domestic ruminants and pigs, hampering livestock productivity in countries where the disease is still endemic. The study aimed to determine the swine FMD occurrence in order to elucidate the disease burden within Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and its environs. One hundred (100) sera were collected from Pigs and subjected to 3ABC ELISA test at the FMD Laboratory in National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom. The result showed that out of 100 sera samples tested for FMD antibodies, 26 (26%) were positive and 74 (74%) were negative. Sero-positive distribution showed sow/gilt (32.7%), younger pigs (57.7%) and local breeds (50%) were more exposed to FMD. Although, this was not significant (P>0.05). Questionnaire report further showed knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of farmers was good, however, the absence of vaccination could be a contributing factor to FMD spread to other susceptible and between carrier livestock within the study area. This finding suggests an increasing occurrence of FMD in pigs within the Guinea Savanna Zone of North-Central Nigeria. In conclusion, FMD antibodies were detected in apparently healthy, unvaccinated pigs of all breeds, ages and sex slaughtered and reared in the FCT. Control efforts should be put in place to prevent possible transmission of Foot and Mouth Disease between pigs and cattle and other ruminants within and between herds, market and slaughter slabs.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.4
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
- Clinical and hemato-biochemical profiles of dogs diagnosed of natural
trypanosomosis at university of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital,
Nsukka
Authors: P.U. Umeakuana, M.I. Takeet, I.J. Udeani, I.K. Idika, N.T. Emejue, P.O. Akpa, G.D. Chechet, E.O. Balogun, R.C. Ezeokonkwo, B.M. Anene
Pages: 51 - 65
Abstract: Hematological and serum biochemical profiles of animals are reflections of physiological disposition to their health status and production potentials. Findings in experimental studies on trypanosomosis may not translate directly to the expected findings in natural infections because of the effect of some variables like species and infecting dose of the parasite, nutritional status of the animal, concurrent infections, and stage of the trypanosomosis at the time of presentation to the clinic. Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense infections in dogs have grave prognosis especially if the cases are not detected at their early stages. Clinical presentation, survivability of dogs treated with Diminazene aceturate as well as haematological and serum biochemical aberrations caused by natural infections with different Trypanosoma species were investigated with the view to identifying a variable or factor that could be used for prognostic evaluation in the treated dogs. Telephone numbers of the clients for dogs diagnosed with and treated against natural trypanosomes infections were collected and used to monitor the therapeutic outcomes. The clinical signs observed suggestive of late stage trypanosomosis were matched with the revelations from the case history. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) reductions in PCV, HB, absolute neutrophil, and significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in monocytes count, serum urea, and creatinine were recorded in trypanosome infected dogs. Inability of clients to note the early clinical signs of infections with trypanosomes could have contributed to the low survival rate of the trypanosome-infected dogs even when treated.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.5
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
- Honey improves radiographic features of monosodium iodoacetate-induced
stifle (knee) joint osteoarthritis in a rat model
Authors: H.O. Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar, A.M. Obalowu, A. Aliyu, O.S. Jimoh, B.V. Owoyele
Pages: 66 - 80
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease with over half of all people older than 65 years demonstrating radiographic changes of osteoarthritis in the knees. Honey is known to contain bioactive compounds that exert chondroprotective effects by counteracting the homeostatic dysregulation of the joint. However, its effect on the radiographic features of osteoarthritis has not been proven. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of honey on radiographic features of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)- induced knee osteoarthritis in female Wistar rats. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Animals in group one were healthy (control) rats, while animals in groups two to five were subjected to experimental osteoarthritis of the right knee joint induced by a single intra-articular injection of 1mg of MIA. The animals in groups two, three, four, and five were treated with normal saline (1ml/kg b. w.), arthocare (glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate 6.67/8.33mg/kg b. w.), low dose honey (250mg/kg b. w.) and high dose honey (1,000mg/kg b. w.) respectively. All treatments were administered orally once daily using an oral cannula for twenty-one days. All animals were subjected to radiographic assessment of the right knee joint before and after induction of OA, and after treatment. High and low-dose honey reversed the loss of joint space; sclerosis of the tibial plateau, medial, and lateral femoral condyles, when compared to the arthocare-treated and untreated groups. In conclusion, honey improved radiographic features of knee osteoarthritis in a rat model induced by monosodium iodoacetate.
PubDate: 2023-06-27
DOI: 10.4314/nvj.v43i2.6
Issue No: Vol. 43, No. 2 (2023)
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