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Authors:Gustavo Setrini Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Clientelism is a deeply ingrained informal political institution in Paraguay and a source of continuity relative to political reforms and social and demographic changes, particularly democratization and the advent of electoral party alternation. This ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-04-01T05:27:04Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251327412
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Authors:Sophie M. Lavoie Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-26T07:16:49Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251330600
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Authors:Veronica Serafini Geoghegan Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Understanding the current situation of Paraguayan contributory social security—particularly, its low coverage, institutional fragmentation, and socioeconomic segmentation—requires considering the role of economic elites in policy implementation. Given the ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-26T06:45:54Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251324510
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Authors:Michael Shterenshis Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. The literature on Paraguay’s political regime labels it as an incomplete or flawed democracy without systematically analyzing how Paraguay is actually governed. The concept of multicracy can describe Paraguay’s political organization and analyze ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-19T10:51:26Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251327411
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Authors:Joel E. Correia Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article assesses the state of Indigenous rights in Paraguay through the year 2022 to show how latent authoritarianism and agrarian oligarchies threaten to roll back ongoing efforts to support the country's democratic transition. Recent civil society ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-19T06:21:59Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251327410
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Authors:Jamie C. Gagliano Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. As the weight of the agro-industrial model of agriculture becomes abundantly evident, the role of seeds inserted into either capitalist or agroecological production models has become a central way that scholars and activists conceptualize food sovereignty ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-15T10:28:36Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251325235
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Authors:Andrew Nickson; Peter Lambert Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article examines Paraguay’s lack of progress in meeting the UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the conceptual framework of state capture. It argues that the current model of economic development, based primarily on soya and ... Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-15T10:25:06Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251324509
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Authors:Steve Ellner Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-03-13T07:58:40Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251325236
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Authors:Joseph Wiltberger Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. The US recently implemented novel spatial strategies of border control that repel asylum seekers to Mexico, forcing them to await the opportunity to request asylum or asylum proceedings. The turning back and expulsion of asylum seekers at the US-Mexico border transforms northern Mexican border cities into spaces of extraterritorial containment where asylum seekers form informal migrant camps and face exposure to violence, misinformation, and hindrances to due process. A spatial analytical lens and focus on Central American asylum seekers reveals how these strategies further endanger asylum seekers’ lives, stand in the way of humanitarian protection, and are met with resistance. By improving understanding of the threats to safety that asylum seekers face in and beyond their countries of origin, further research into the situation of repelled asylum seekers in Mexico should inform asylum proceedings and border policies.Estados Unidos implementó recientemente novedosas estrategias espaciales de control fronterizo que repelen a los solicitantes de asilo a México, obligándolos a esperar la oportunidad de solicitar asilo o procedimientos de asilo. El regreso y la expulsión de solicitantes de asilo en la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México transforma las ciudades fronterizas del norte de México en espacios de contención extraterritorial donde los solicitantes de asilo forman campamentos informales de migrantes y enfrentan exposición a violencia, desinformación y obstáculos al debido proceso. Una lente analítica espacial y un enfoque en los solicitantes de asilo centroamericanos revela cómo estas estrategias ponen en peligro aún más las vidas de los solicitantes de asilo, obstaculizan la protección humanitaria y encuentran resistencia. Al mejorar la comprensión de las amenazas a la seguridad que enfrentan los solicitantes de asilo dentro y fuera de sus países de origen, una mayor investigación sobre la situación de los solicitantes de asilo rechazados en México serviría para mejor los procedimientos de asilo y las políticas fronterizas. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-27T07:28:43Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251319025
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Authors:Alfonso Gonzales Toribio Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article is about Central American asylum seekers from the perspective of dependency theory and Gramscian international relations. It argues that Northern Central American asylum seekers are fleeing the contradictions of the hegemonic US-led neoliberal development model that depends on migration and remittances as its main source of hard currency. This article is grounded in structural/conjectural analysis and supported with quantitative methods. I suggest that the increase in asylum seekers is a function of US aid through the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), which contributes to the conditions that people flee and to US apprehensions of Guatemalan, Salvadoran, and Honduran nationals, leaving would-be migrants no choice but to apply for asylum. I conclude that the security and development model imposed on the region under the conditions of US hegemony, and US migration control policies designed to apprehend and deport asylum seekers are producing the very crisis they purport to resolve. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-27T07:23:10Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251321834
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Authors:Sarah England Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-27T06:06:08Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251320083
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Authors:María Dolores París Pombo Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Based on a critical geopolitical analysis, this paper addresses the convergence of refugee policies and migration control policies in southern Mexico within the framework of border externalization and internalization. I posit that the border process in this region responds to both political and military interests espoused by the U.S. as well as Mexican governments. The refugee system is a device though which mobility is controlled, and the militarization and securitization of Mexico’s southern border can be legitimized. One consequence of this process is the indefinite blocking of migrants and asylum seekers in the city of Tapachula, Chiapas, and its current transformation into a “city-prison.”A partir de un análisis geopolítico crítico, este artículo aborda la convergencia de las políticas de refugiados y de control migratorio en el sur de México en el marco de la externalización e internalización de las fronteras. Postulo que el proceso fronterizo en esta región responde a intereses tanto políticos como militares propugnados por los gobiernos de Estados Unidos y México. El sistema de refugiados es un dispositivo mediante el cual se controla la movilidad y se puede legitimar la militarización y securitización de la frontera sur de México. Una consecuencia de este proceso es el bloqueo indefinido de personas migrantes y solicitantes de asilo en la ciudad de Tapachula, Chiapas, y su actual transformación en una “ciudad-prisión.” Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-25T06:54:03Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251319024
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Authors:Juan Iglesias, Rut Bermejo; Rut Bermejo Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. The Spanish asylum system and refugee reception program demonstrate persistent problems involving initial access to asylum and the processing of applications; access to assistance from the reception system; and the process of integration of asylum seekers, which is characterized by social segregation. This article analyzes these issues and seeks to explain them by looking beyond the immediate circumstances of the substantial increase in applications, mainly from Latin Americans, that has taken place in Spain since 2015. The deficiencies of the asylum system are explained in terms of the restrictive refugee paradigm employed by Spain and the European Union as a whole, as well as the development of a restricted, isolated reception model focused more on the initial assistance process than on social integration. Our analysis is based on two recent studies and provides empirical evidence in an area of study that has been scarcely addressed in Spain.El sistema de asilo español y su programa de acogida presentan problemas persistentes relacionados con el acceso al asilo y la tramitación de las solicitudes, el acceso y la intervención del sistema de acogida, y los procesos de integración de los solicitantes, marcados por la segregación social. El artículo analiza dichos problemas, y trata de explicarlos yendo más allá de la coyuntura del fuerte crecimiento de las solicitudes ocurrido en España desde el año 2015, protagonizado principalmente por solicitantes latinoamericanos. Se apunta, así, que los déficits del asilo se explican por la existencia de un paradigma restrictivo del refugio en España y en la UE, y el desarrollo de un modelo de acogida restringido, aislado y centrado en el proceso de atención inicial más que en la integración. El análisis se apoya en dos investigaciones realizadas recientemente, aportando evidencia empírica a un área de estudio poco estudiada en España. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-25T06:51:28Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251321830
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Authors:Amelia Frank-Vitale, Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof; Jesse Hoffnung-Garskof Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Decision-makers within the US immigration system have long looked skeptically on asylum claims based on persecution by street gangs. We draw on ethnographic research conducted in San Pedro Sula, Honduras to argue that this skepticism and the corresponding legal precedents rely on an incorrect understanding of the issues at stake. Our evidence, considered in light of recent scholarship on violence in Latin America, contradicts three assumptions that underly asylum decisions: 1) that gang violence in Honduras is indiscriminate; 2) that gang violence is motivated purely by instrumental motives (often described as “criminal” motives)—such as financial gain or competition for market share between criminal enterprises—rather than ideological motives; and 3) that gang members and society at large are not able to recognize which groups are likely targets. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-24T06:17:57Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251321833
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Authors:Sarah England, Alfonso Gonzales Toribio; Alfonso Gonzales Toribio Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-24T06:11:02Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251320085
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Authors:Sarah England Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Over the last decade Honduran Garifuna have increasingly appeared among the millions of Central Americans arriving at the US/Mexico border to claim asylum. This is striking because unlike other Hondurans, Garifuna have a long history of largely documented US-bound migration. Recently, however, they have been transformed from transnational migrants into asylum seekers by being caught between “accumulation by racialized dispossession” accelerated by the expansion of agribusiness, tourism, and other extractivism in Honduras, and a US racialized immigration regime that has progressively closed the doors to legal migration, leaving asylum as one of the only options for those seeking refuge from direct persecution and structural violence. Garifuna are subjected to racialized rightlessness throughout the migration circuit, stripped of their right to land and dignified work in Honduras, persecuted for defending their land as Afro-Indigenous peoples, denied safe passage to the US, and forced to apply for asylum which they are unlikely to receive. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-19T10:31:59Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251318374
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Authors:Francisco Rodríguez Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This paper argues that Venezuela’s hunger crisis was caused by the collapse of the country’s import capacity. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the key driver of the decrease in caloric intake was the decline of more than nine-tenths in oil revenues, which sparked an economic contraction and forced the economy to undertake massive cuts in imports of food and agricultural inputs. Declining oil prices and a collapse in production, in part driven by economic sanctions, are the primary drivers of the collapse in import capacity. Econometric estimates using cross-national panel data show that Venezuela’s performance in health and nutrition indicators is in line with, and in many cases significantly better, than what we should expect given the magnitude of its contraction in per capita incomes over the past two decades. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-17T12:48:32Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251313790
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Authors:Mneesha Gellman; Emerson College Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article focuses on how the Mexican state remains unable to protect certain categories of people based on particular identity characteristics. I draw on examples of gang-related corruption within the police and the judiciary, as well as the impact of cultures of violence and impunity on vulnerable categories of citizens, especially women and girls. I also explain some of what expert witnesses can contribute to United States immigration courts. Based on my longitudinal scholarly research on violence in Mexico, combined with experience as an expert witness in U.S. asylum cases for claimants from Mexico, I argue that Mexico’s inability to protect women and girls coexists with its democratic status and has direct implications on forced migration from Mexico to the United States. In addition, I exposit that expert witnesses play a significant role in illuminating gaps between legal protections and their application in practice. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-17T06:36:57Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251316807
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Authors:Alisa Garni, Citlally Orozco, Lisa Melander; Citlally Orozco, Lisa Melander Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Governments deny people’s internationally recognized rights to asylum by preventing them from arriving in territories where they may request asylum and by using case law to restrict eligibility. While research tends to focus on either deflection or restriction tactics, this paper builds on studies that examine the interaction between them. To further examine the interaction between these “bordering” practices at and beyond the physical U.S. border, we conducted two years of ethnographic research with asylum seekers in three ICE detention centers, one district of the “Migrant Protection Protocols,” and via Title 42 expulsions. We show how paralegal manipulations of time interact with spatial and legal modalities of exclusion to deflect asylum seekers from Latin America and the Caribbean in particular. The result for people who are subjected to these processes is compounded trauma inflicted through a paradoxical combination of state violence and statelessness in the United States and abroad. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-17T06:30:32Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251320084
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Authors:Lynn Stephen Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Working as a researcher, expert witness, and refugee shelter worker quickly raises questions of whether such engagements are reinforcing institutions and structures of power that reproduce racism, economic and social inequality, militarization of our borders, and foreign and immigration policies of violence and exclusion. At the same time, engaged methods of research inside institutions such as U.S. immigration courts and refugee shelters offer a portal onto how such institutions might be reimagined and changed. I explore my own research through expert witnessing and working in a shelter to focus on two interrelated themes: the limits and possibilities of expert witnessing in the U.S. asylum system, and the limits and possibilities for critical knowledge production in what some have termed the humanitarian industrial complex and accompanying solidarity efforts. I conclude by suggesting ways that research and engagement can provide ideas for innovation of the U.S. asylum system. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2025-02-17T06:09:30Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X251319297
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Authors:Alberto Martín Álvarez Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print. The Salvadoran Communist Party (PCS) underwent great internal tensions throughout the 1960s, which led to its fracture at the end of the decade. Conventionally, these tensions have been explained as the result of internal differences related to the party’s position on the armed struggle. In contrast, this article shows that the internal dynamics of the party in this period can be explained by a series of disputes with a strong class component, which involved the two factions competing for the leadership of the organization. On the one hand, there was a workers’ faction in favor of proletarianizing the leadership of the party and deepening the class struggle through the work of the trade unions, and on the other, a sector of intellectuals that supported the political-electoral struggle, with the prospect of gradually accumulating forces. The reversal of the liberalization process experienced under the Salvadoran authoritarian regime since the early sixties, together with the party’s position on the war against Honduras, aggravated the internal contradictions of the organization, leading to its rupture in 1970. Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2024-12-11T06:31:57Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X241300288
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Authors:Tamar Diana Wilson Abstract: Latin American Perspectives, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Latin American Perspectives PubDate: 2024-07-25T07:31:08Z DOI: 10.1177/0094582X241264251
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