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Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease
Number of Followers: 1  Open Access journalISSN (Online) 2574-0334 Published by The Food Science Publisher  [2 journals]
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- Low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol and its relation to epicardial fat
volume in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Asmaa A. Hasan; Ghada M. S. Ahmed, Bassem M. Abdel Hady, Inass H. Ahmed, Entesar O. El Saghier, Marwa F. M. El Sayed, Lamiaa H. Azel, Marwa A, Mohamed, Ola I. Saleh, Randa S. E. Taha, Mona A. Raafat, Ola H. Abd Elaziz
Abstract: Objectives: This study aimed to compare EFV between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in patients with clinical indications of CCTA and test the correlation between low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and EFV in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.Methods: This study was conducted on 103 cases with chest pain and intermediate risk probability for CAD and was scheduled for CT coronary angiography divided into 47 diabetic patients and 56 non-diabetic patients. The total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C levels were analyzed for each patient. MDCT to assess CACS and EFV for patients included in the study. Results: The results showed thatplasma total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C were higher with decreased HDL in the diabetic patient. EFV was significantly higher in diabetic patients (54.5±14.9 vs 44.7±7.7, p <0.02). EFV had a significant Linear correlation with plasma total cholesterol, LDL-C, and TG. In contrast, there is a significant negative correlation between EFV and HDL-c. EFV was significantly correlated with ca score (EFV was higher in diabetic patients with greater CAC score). Conclusion: EFV is rising in type II diabetic patients, especially those with high ca scores, and correlates well to their characteristic hyperlipidemia, especially LDL-C. So, all diabetic patients must be started on primary prevention against LDL-C to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Type II DM, Epicardial fat volume, LDL-c.
PubDate: Fri, 24 Nov 2023 20:40:22 +000
- The investigation of bioactive compounds in the Charentsi grape variety
and its derived wines
Authors: Bella Grigoryan; Mikayel Mikayelyan
Abstract: Background: Grapes contain thousands of chemical compounds, including sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, minerals, organic nitrogen, amino acids, and aromatic compounds.Objectives: The study investigates the possibility of producing high-quality red wines from the Charentsi grape variety and observes the extraction of bioactive compounds formed during fermentation.Results: The organic acids in grapes and wine were also studied. There were significant differences in the compounds mentioned above between wine samples based on the yeasts used. Our observations showed that the amount of tartaric acid in the Charentsi grape variety was 7.26 g/l, and after fermentation by using different yeasts in the wine samples, the content of tartaric acid was: BSC:103 2.06 g/l, AC-4: 1.79 g/l. The grape sample contained 3.01g/l malic acid, while the selections of wine BCS103 and AC-4 contained 2.01g/l and 3.00g/l, respectively. In the case of citric acid, the grape contained 0.5 g/l a, while the wine samples with BCS103 and AC-4 yeasts contained 0.52 g/l and 0.57 g/l respectively.The grape sample did not contain lactic acid or succinic acid. Wine samples were fermented by a variety of newly formed yeasts. In BCS103 yeast, these values were 1.89 g/l and 1.63 g/l, and 1.3 g/l and 1.61 g/l in AC-4.The values of anthocyanin and flavonoids in Charentsi grape variety are 2084.5 mg/kg and 8828.6 mg/kg, respectively. Wine samples contained high quantities of these compounds as well. The anthocyanin and flavonoids concentrations In BCS103, were 842.7 mg/l and 4898.22 mg/l, while they were 783.3 mg/l and 5025.5 mg/l in AC-4. The total phenolic compounds detected in the wine samples were 4957.9 mg/l and 5102.6 mg/l, in BCS103 and AC-4 respectively. According to the analysis, 37%-40% of anthocyanin and 55-56% of flavonoids were transferred to the wine.Conclusion: Charentsi grapes and wine are highly functional due to their high phenolic content and organic acids. These compounds are biologically active and influenced by the yeast strain used for wine fermentation.
Keywords: grapes, red wine, phenolic compounds, organic acids, bioactive compounds
PubDate: Fri, 24 Nov 2023 18:20:19 +000
- Antitumor activity of chitin-glucan complex of basidiomycetes
Authors: Alexander Razin; E V Vorobeychikov, V G Konusova, M M Shamtsyan, V E Murzina, Y M Volkov
Abstract: Background:High-molecular β-D-glucans of basidiomycetes modify the immune response and indirectly affect antitumor mechanisms by stimulating the activity of various immune cells and signaling pathways. However, the severity of the immune activity of β-D-glucans depends on many factors, which indicates the need to study them to obtain standardized agents of various pathogenetic directions. Objective:Evaluation of the antitumor activity of the chitin-glucan complex in the form of aqueous suspensions obtained from the fungi Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, and Phallus impudicus using the Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (ACE) model.Methods:The work was carried out on male F1(C57Bl×CBA) hybrid mice. Animals were transplanted subcutaneously with ACE at a dose of 106 cells in 0.5 ml of Hank's solution. Animals were given prophylactic oral administration of suspensions of fungi for 10 days before inoculation with ACE. After inoculation with ACE, suspensions of fungi were orally administered to animals of these groups for 28 days for therapeutic purposes. From the 6th day after transplantation of the tumor, its volume was recorded in mm3 according to three linear dimensions. Results:Survival in all groups of animals within 28 days after inoculation with ACE was 100%. Administration of aqueous suspensions of Phallus impudicus, Ganoderma lucidum, and Grifola frondosa fungi to animals with ACE compensated for metabolic disturbances in the body, which increased the dynamics of their weight gain. However, the weight of these animals on the 28th day of the experiment did not reach the weight of animals that were not transplanted with ACE. Against the background of the introduction of suspensions of these fungi to animals from 6 to 11 days, a statistically significant (p<0.05) effect of inhibition of the development of the ECA volume was obtained, which did not depend on the type of fungi studied.Conclusion:Aqueous suspensions of these fungi have a similar effect of inhibiting the development of ACE. This allows us to consider the chitin-glucan components of the studied mushrooms as substances with indirect antitumor activity for their standardization and optimization of their use for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes.
Keywords:β-D-glucans, chitin-glucan complex, basidiomycetes, Ehrlich's adenocarcinoma.
PubDate: Wed, 22 Nov 2023 19:25:59 +000
