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Authors:Manuel Ruz Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-08-01T04:11:10Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241261216
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Authors:A. C. Fernández-Gaxiola, A. García-Guerra, L. M. Neufeld Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. Micronutrient deficiencies affect growth and development and are critical for maintaining health at all ages. Their critical role in exacerbating complications of infections and chronic diseases continues to impact morbidity, mortality, and quality of life for many. Raising awareness and advocating for micronutrient deficiencies in Latin America is urgent to reduce this preventable burden. Globally, an estimated 372 million preschool-aged children and 1.2 billion non-pregnant women of reproductive age suffer deficiency from 1 or more micronutrient. Data is limited and often old, and the true burden of problem in the region remains unclear. There are also limited data on dietary intake and on the double burden of malnutrition. Latin America has been a leader in the design and implementation of innovative and effective actions to reduce excess energy intake and curb the consumption of unhealthy Actions to address deficiency have been implemented in many countries in the region over the years, but current evidence suggests that micronutrient deficiencies have fallen off the public health agenda in Latin America. Effective programming can be developed / appropriately adapted only with knowledge of the current burden. Such data can also help guide and predict future areas of risk and priorities to missing upcoming nutrition issues in the population. Renewed commitment to quantify and monitor micronutrient deficiencies in the region is essential. Abundant evidence and guidance exist to inform effective program selection, design and implementation to address this public health problem. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-08-01T04:10:10Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241262136
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Authors:Ishita Mostafa, Umme Habiba Lamiya, Md. Golam Rasul, Nurun Nahar Naila, Shah Mohammad Fahim, S. M. Tafsir Hasan, Michael J. Barratt, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Tahmeed Ahmed Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. Background:A randomized controlled trial in Bangladeshi children aged 12 to 18 months with moderate acute malnutrition found that dietary supplementation with the microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) significantly improved weight gain and repaired gut microbiota compared to the ready-to-use supplementary food. However, the MDCF-2 formulation was made daily from locally available ingredients and the need for a packaged, nutritionally compliant, and organoleptically acceptable MDCF-2 prototype was essential for future large-scale clinical studies.Objective:The study aimed to develop and assess the acceptability of 3 alternative foil-packaged formulations of MDCF-2 in comparison to current MDCF-2.Methods:Of the 3 packaged formulations, the Jumpstart version was provided in 2 sachets, the other 2 formulations were provided in a retort-stable foil pouch extended by sterilization, and microbiological growth was monitored over 10 months. The acceptability study included 40 children aged 8 to 12 months living in an urban slum in Dhaka, and the organoleptic properties were assessed using a 7-point hedonic scale.Results:In the 100 g distributed over the 2 sessions, children consumed 82.5 ± 7.84 g (mean ± SD) of kitchen-prepared MDCF-2, 85.4 ± 7.15 g of the “Jumpstart” MDCF-2 formulation, 85.4 ± 8.70 g of the MDCF-2 with green banana powder, and 86.2 ± 4.26 g of the MDCF-2 with sweet potato formulation. The “Jumpstart” MDCF-2 and MDCF-2 with sweet potato achieved the highest overall acceptability scores on the hedonic scale; although none of the shelf-stable formulations were significantly different from the kitchen-prepared MDCF-2.Conclusions:Packaged, shelf-stable prototypes of MDCF-2 exhibited comparable acceptability among Bangladeshi children aged 8 to 12 months to the original freshly prepared formulation.Plain language titleDevelopment and Acceptability of Shelf-Stable Microbiota-Directed Complementary FoodsPlain language summaryCountries around the world are making progress in fighting malnutrition, but it may be challenging to achieve the global nutrition targets for undernourished children by 2025 at the current rate. To address this problem, we need special types of food that can help children grow, develop properly, and sustain their growth. Children with moderate acute malnutrition have imbalanced gut bacteria. By providing them with the right nutrition, we can restore the healthy bacteria in their gut using a special food called microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF). Currently, this food is made daily in the icddr, b established field kitchen, which follows standard production measures to control the quality of MDCF preparation, but we need to create stable prototypes that can be stored and used in different settings. This study was designed to develop shelf-stable new formulations in industrial settings and check their acceptability among children with moderate acute malnutrition. The shelf life of the food was extended using a sterilization method, and its microbiological safety was monitored for a year. The actual consumption and acceptability of these foods were evaluated and all these formulations were acceptable by the children and their mother. The children consumed all 4 food formulations in substantial quantities, with consumption rates exceeding 80% for each formulation. This study showed positive results in Bangladesh, but more research is needed to see if these formulations work well in other geographies and over longer periods. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-07-30T11:09:03Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241250104
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Authors:María J. Soto-Méndez, Erick Boy Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-06-18T01:45:54Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241254610
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Authors:Noel W. Solomons Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. The moral imperative of public health systems is to maximize the health and welfare of the population to the extent possible. Constraints often include a lack of resources, political will, popular acceptance, or an acceptable safety margin. Major agencies have established iron, iodine, and vitamin A as the principal elements for micronutrients, with folate and zinc on the second plane. As the armamentarium of interventions to favor micronutrient nutrition, for example, preventive health measures, dietary improvement, forms of fortification, and nutrient supplements, is offered in public health policy. The utility of their merger with other nutrients, emergent nutrients, has been considered. The Latin America and Caribbean Region has unique characteristics. The scientific and epidemiology considerations for action in the Region’s health concern on 4 emergent nutrient deficiencies of public health—vitamins D and E, essential fatty acids, and choline—are reviewed.Plain language titleMicronutrient Deficiencies of Interest in Latin America and the CaribbeanPlain language summaryThe diets consumed in the diverse corners and societies in the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean area do not fully supply the vitamins and minerals needed by people of all ages and conditions. Some public health actions are being taken, but only against a limited selection of such nutrients as iron, vitamin A, iodine, and folic acid. The composition of diets and environmental conditions across the region suggests that 4 additional nutrients might be candidates for public health efforts. These include vitamin D, vitamin E, certain large fatty acid molecules, and choline. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-06-05T04:18:24Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241257008
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Authors:Georgina Gómez, Rafael Monge-Rojas, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada, Agatha Nogueira Previdelli, Dayana Quesada, Irina Kovalskys, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Lilia Yadira Cortes, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Reyna Liria-Domínguez, Attilio Rigotti, Regina Mara Fisberg, Gerson Ferrari, Mauro Fisberg, Juan C Brenes Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. Background:Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) is an indicator of dietary diversity, a key component of diet quality in women of reproductive age (WRA). Limited information is available regarding its applicability in other population groups.Objective:To examine the ability of the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) of 5-food groups cutoff to predict micronutrient adequacy in men and women 15 to 65 years old from 8 Latin American countries.Methods:We used a 24-hour recall from 9216 participants in the Latin American Study on Nutrition and Health (ELANS) to determine Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) based on the consumption of 10 food groups. The Mean Probability of Adequacy (MPA) was associated with DDS for the overall sample, for men, WRA, and women of nonreproductive age (WNRA). Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine if the 5-food groups cutoff point for MDD can be used to correctly identify men, WRA, and WNRA with adequate micronutrient adequacy (MPA ≥ 0.70).Results:We found a mean DDS of 4.78 ± 1.33 and an MPA of 0.64 ± 0.16, with 59% of participants showing a diverse diet (DDS ≥ 5). The 5-food groups-cutoff point showed a better balance between sensitivity and specificity predicting an MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA. MPA was significantly associated with DDS in WRA and for men and WNRA, as well.Conclusion:The 5-food group MDD, originally intended to be used in WRA, performed equally well in predicting MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA, and can be used as a proxy of micronutrient adequacy in Latin American population.Plain language titleAssessment of the FAO Minimum Dietary Diversity Index to Estimate Micronutrients Intake in Urban Cities of 8 Latin America CountriesPlain language summaryThe Women’s Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization is an indicator that measures the variety of foods consumed by women of reproductive age (WRA), and it has been reported in several studies that the more diverse the diet, the greater the probability of meeting micronutrients requirements. This indicator has not been validated in other population, but few studies have been conducted in the Latin American region. So, we aimed to investigate whether the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) established for WRA could also predict sufficient micronutrient intake in men and women aged 15 to 65 years in the Latin American population. To accomplish this objective, we used data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latino Americano de Nutrición y Salud—ELANS) that collected dietary data from 24-h recalls from 9216 participants and analyzed the association between DDS and the Mean Probability of Adequacy (MPA). Additionally, we determined if the MDD cutoff point could correctly identify individuals with appropriate vitamin and mineral intake. We found that the overall mean DDS was 4.78 ± 1.33, the MPA was 0.64 ± 0.16, and approximately 59% of participants had a diverse diet. The MDD of 5-food groups cutoff point was demonstrated to be useful in predicting sufficient micronutrient intake for men, WRA, and women over 50 years. Respondents with a DDS ≥5 had higher micronutrient adequacy. These findings suggest that DDS can serve as a proxy for assessing micronutrient adequacy in urban populations beyond WRA. The effect of promoting diverse diets on micronutrient adequacy as part of intervention programs can be captured by the DDS in urban Latin American populations. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-05-29T05:29:02Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241242920
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Authors:Viviane Aurelie Tapsoba, Ella W. R. Compaore, Augustin Nawidimbasba Zeba, Jerome Winbetourefa Some, Inoussa Ky, Julien Soliba Manga, Adama Diouf, Jean-Claude Moubarac, Stefanie Vandevijvere, Mamoudou H. Dicko Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. Background:Governments have a central role to play in creating a food environment that will enable people to have and maintain healthy eating practices.Objectives:This study analyzes public policies and government actions related to creating healthy food environments in Burkina Faso.Methods:The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index tool used for this study has 2 components, 13 domains, and 56 indicators of good practice adapted to the Burkina Faso context. Official policy documents collected from data sources such as government and nongovernment websites, and through interviews with government and nongovernment resource persons, provided evidence of considerations of food environment in public policy documents in Burkina Faso.Results:Policies documents show a lack of revision of old texts and administrative processes for new policies and government practices are very slow. Added to this is the absence of a regulatory document for some implemented actions. The analysis of the documents collected in relation to the indicators of Food-Epi tool shows that there is no evidence of consideration of food environments for the indicators concerning the regulation of nutrition and health claims, labeling, taxes on healthy and unhealthy foods, support systems for training for private structures on healthy diets, implementation of food guidelines, and food trade and investment.Conclusion:This study permits a review of public policies that take into account food environments through the various indicators and constitutes a starting point from which improvements can be made by the government.Plain language titleOverview of Nutrition Policies, Taking Into Account All the Dimensions That Can Influence People’s Food Choices Across Government, the Food Industry and SocietyPlain language summaryTo achieve healthy eating habits, governments need to be involved in creating a healthy food environment. This study analyzes public policies and government actions related to the creation of healthy food environments in Burkina Faso. The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index tool was used to carry out this study. Policy documents collected from data sources such as governmental and nongovernmental websites, and through interviews with governmental and nongovernmental resource persons, provided evidence of the consideration given to the food environment in Burkina Faso. Thus, policy documents show a lack of revision of older documents and a very slow administrative process. Added to this is the lack of regulatory documentation on concrete measures taken. An analysis of the documents collected according to the Food Epi-Tool indicators shows that food environments are not taken into account for indicators relating to nutrition and health claims, labeling and taxation of healthy and unhealthy foods, support systems for training private structures on healthy diets, implementation of food guidelines, and food trade and investment. In short, this research provides a starting point for evaluating and improving food-friendly public policies through a series of indicators. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-05-08T10:07:05Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241248214
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Authors:Dalmacito A. Cordero Jr Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-04-17T12:49:10Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721241244675
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Authors:Ana C. Fernández-Gaxiola, Lynnette M. Neufeld, Armando García-Guerra Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Ahead of Print. Background:Micronutrient deficiencies in Latin America are a public health concern, nonetheless, lack of information still exists in many countries, so that the true magnitude of the problem remains uncertain.Objective:To summarise experiences that can inform the development of policies and programs to address micronutrient deficiencies throung supplementation in pregnant women and chlidren under five years of age in Latin American.Methods:Review of the most evidence on the effects of micronutrients supplementation, focusing on pregnant women and children under five years of age.Results:Certain population groups, as women of reproductive age and children under 2 years of age, are at increased risk for deficiency due to their high micronutrient requirements. This is compounded by the limited access to micronutrient-rich foods for many people living in vulnerable situations. Micronutrient supplementation is an effective intervention to prevent and treat deficiency and to mitigate its adverse effects on health, nutrition, and pregnancy outcomes in micronutrient-deficient populations. The potential benefits of supplementation programs, however, are realized only when they reach those who have the potential to benefit, that is, with inadequate intakes of micronutrients from dietary sources, and when the quality of design and delivery of the programs aresufficient to reach that population timely, regularly, and effectively to enable and motivate consumption.Conclusions:Several resources and experiences exist that can help favor the development of programs that can realize this biological and programmatic potential. There is need for continuous efforts to augment coverage and achieve results that can translate into economic benefits for individuals, families, and nations.Plain language titleCorrecting Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies in Pregnant Women and Children in Latin AmericaPlain language summaryPrevious articles in this supplement have highlighted the importance of micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiencies in Latin America, their causes and effects in different population groups, and some alternatives for their prevention and control. At certain stages of life, particularly during the first 1000 days (from pregnancy to 2 years of age), high nutrient requirements predispose to nutritional deficiencies. This is exacerbated by the limited access to healthy foods for populations living in vulnerable situations. Dietary supplements are therefore an effective strategy for preventing and treating deficiencies and mitigating their adverse effects on the nutrition and health of the population. In this article, we review the most recent estimates on the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies, with a focus on pregnant women and children under 2 years of age; the types of supplements available, and the international recommendations for supplementation during this period of life. There is strong evidence for several benefits of short-term supplementation. In pregnant women, vitamin and mineral levels are improved and a healthy pregnancy is achieved. In children, vitamin and mineral levels are also improved, and some (such as iron and zinc) improve growth and development. In the long term, there are economic benefits for individuals, families, and nations. Several recommendations from studies and supplementation programs are also discussed. Although nutritional supplementation can be cost-effective, benefits will only be achieved if the types and formulations of supplements meet the assessed nutritional needs of the population and if a program is properly designed and implemented. Similarly, programs that include supplements need to be monitored and evaluated to ensure that supplements are taken regularly and for long enough to achieve these benefits. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2024-01-08T07:09:18Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721231219824
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Authors:Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Rosa Palazuelos-González, Omar Domínguez-Flores Pages: S26 - S38 Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 45, Issue 2_suppl, Page S26-S38, September 2024. Background:The population in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) has experienced a major demographic transition with increased numbers of older adults (OA). This change brings opportunities in the public health sector to implement health prevention interventions and delay the onset of geriatric syndromes. Micronutrients play an important role in the maintenance of biological function which contributes to longevity. Micronutrient deficiencies (MD) in OA increase the risk for onset of chronic comorbidities and geriatric syndromes.Aim:To review and summarize the existing data on micronutrient status in OA in the LAC region and discuss the gaps and challenges in public health approaches to address deficiencies.Methods:Literature review in Medline for records describing nutritional biomarkers in older adults (≥ 60y) from community dwelling and population-based studies in LAC.Results:Few countries (including Chile, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Brazil, and Mexico) have documented one or more nutritional deficiencies for OA in national health surveys, however across the entire region, evidence of micronutrient levels is scarce. Some surveys have documented a high prevalence and large heterogeneity in the prevalence of vitamin D followed by B12 deficiency, being the 2 MDs most studied due their effects on cognition, frailty, and bone mineral density in the OA population. Other MD including C, E, A, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium have also been reported.Conclusion:Information on the micronutrient status in OA from LAC is poorly documented. Research and capacity building initiatives in the region are crucial to develop tailored strategies that address the specific nutritional needs and challenges faced by the ageing population in Latin America.Plain language titleMicronutrients Deficiencies in Older Adults in Latin AmericanPlain language summaryFor the first time, there are more older adults (OA) than children worldwide. In the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region, OA represents 13.2% of the population, and it is projected to increase to 30% (220 millions) by 2030. This demographic shift represents an opportunity in the public health sector to implement health prevention strategies and public health policies to delay the onset of geriatric syndromes in the younger generation. Vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) are necessary in our body to maintain biological function. Deficiencies in older ages have been associated with the onset of geriatric syndromes (such as sarcopenia, frailty, cognitive impairment, and falls, among others). Therefore, it is relevant to understand the magnitude and distribution of micronutrient deficiencies in OA in the LAC region. This will help to inform decision-makers to further implement early actions to maintain good nutrition and health status in the population. In this narrative review, we highlight that few countries in the LAC region documented one or more nutritional deficiencies for OA in their national health surveys. Across the entire region, evidence of micronutrient levels in OA is scarce. Vitamin D and vitamin B12 are the 2 most reported micronutrients in the OA population. Research and capacity-building in the region are crucial to develop tailored strategies to address specific nutritional needs and challenges faced by the aging population in Latin America. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2023-12-26T06:03:58Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721231214587 Issue No:Vol. 45, No. 2_suppl (2023)
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Authors:Rafael Monge-Rojas, Rulamán Vargas-Quesada, Agatha Nogueira Previdelli, Irina Kovalskys, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Lilia Yadira Cortés, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Reyna Liria-Domínguez, Attilio Rigotti, Regina Mara Fisberg, Gerson Ferrari, Mauro Fisberg, Georgina Gómez Pages: S11 - S25 Abstract: Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 45, Issue 2_suppl, Page S11-S25, September 2024. Background:Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients.Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries.Method:Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method.Results:In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status.Conclusions:There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.Plain language titleDescription of the Vitamin and Mineral Consumption Status in Urban Cities of Latin America: Results of the Latin American Health and Nutrition Study.Plain language summaryVitamins and minerals are essential for maintaining good health. However, traditional Latin American diets are changing to include foods that have a lot of sugar and fat but fewer vitamins and minerals. This study was designed to analyze the consumption of these nutrients in urban cities of 8 Latin American countries. We collected food consumption information from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women between 15 and 65 years old using a method called 24-hour recall. To find out if participants were consuming the necessary daily amounts of vitamins and minerals, intakes were compared with the daily recommended amounts suggested by the Institutes of Medicine of the United States. We found that Latin American urban populations consume fewer vitamins and minerals than recommended. In some cases, few people do not consume the required amounts of vitamins and minerals, but in other cases, many do not. For example, few do not consume enough thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium. However an intermediate number of people do not consume enough pyridoxine and zinc, a high number consume little vitamin C and vitamin A, and many people consume very little magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D. We found that the people who consume fewer vitamins and minerals are mostly males, overweight/obese, have lower education and varies according to their financial resources. A deficient intake of vitamins and minerals showed up in most age groups, from adolescence to adulthood. To improve vitamins and minerals intake, it is important that some foods that are frequently eaten are fortified or that the price of foods that are high in vitamins and minerals is lowered. Citation: Food and Nutrition Bulletin PubDate: 2023-12-19T09:34:08Z DOI: 10.1177/03795721231215267 Issue No:Vol. 45, No. 2_suppl (2023)
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