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Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1309-0550
Published by Selcuk University

[6 journals]

Some Classical Methods of Vegetation Attributes Measurements in Rangelands
- Authors: Ramazan Acar; Ibrahim Musa Osman
  Abstract: Around the world in every single country rangeland considers the first animals feed source. Many years ago these sources contributing, supplying and securing animals' feed, besides of, its environmental benefits. Due to misused or unwise utilization; rangeland characters and features facing tremendous changes and degradation. Therefore, management sound and wise plans should be arising to protect, improve and develop its characters sustainably. Undoubtedly, rangeland managers and environmental activists must their mandate and task be in these trends. Rangeland's management and monitoring are based on the evaluation of vegetation attributes (cover, species frequency, species composition, plant density, and carrying capacity). To estimate these attributes their are so many techniques and approaches designed for this purposes. However, the application and selection of suitable methods depend on rangeland characters and vegetation types. Each of those methods has a special considerations. According to this and vegetation features it is being selected. Therefore, this paper is introducing and focusing on the most common using rangeland vegetation attributes sampling methods. That will help young scientists and rangeland managers to pursue their work easily.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:39 +030
The Significance of Bokashi Compost Obtained from Beneficial
Microorganisms on Sustainability and Waste Disposal
- Authors: Şerife Hilal Evcim; İlknur Gümüş
  Abstract: It is known that the use of chemicals is one of the leading factors that cause soil pollution. Studies are carried out to developed new methods for reducing the damage caused by chemical inputs that continue to increase and to ensure the sustainability of wastes by creating awareness of nature protection in product cultivation and consumption. In addition, the irregular storage of household waste has become a serious problem in our country. This problem greatly affects climate change by causing environmental pollution. In order to reduce or even eliminate these effects, bokashi compost, which is obtained from organic wastes, has been produced for many years in the world with the aim of improving the physical and chemical properties of soils, increasing productivity and sustainability. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of bokashi compost, which is produced with the help of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective soil conditioner to maintain the existence of our natural ecosystem that does not cause environmental damage, in terms of sustainability.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:39 +030
The Effect of Global Warming on Migration of Butterflies
- Authors: Duha Al Baraj; Ekrem Öğür
  Abstract: Certainly, global warming is one of the most important environmental problems of mankind today. Increased human activities, especially in the last few decades, like burning fossil fuels, increasing CO2 emissions, deforestation, and other practices have exacerbated the global warming phenomenon. The increase in greenhouse gases leads to an increase in temperatures above the normal rate and this causes fires, droughts, sandstorms, high soil salinity, and fluctuations in precipitation. These changes in the environment affect not only humans but also all living organisms, including insects. Insects are the largest group of living organisms on earth. Therefore, one of the creatures that will be most affected by these changes is insects. Increasing temperatures, rising CO2 levels, and changing rainfall patterns may affect the interaction between plants and insects. For example; the development of insects may accelerate, insect pests and insect-borne diseases, the number of generations in a year and winter survival may increase, the geographical distribution may expand, biological control of the pests may decrease, and as a result of all these, economic losses in crops may increase. Global warming may also affect the migration of insects, in particular, butterflies of which about 600 species have migratory behavior. This may be due to several factors, including the loss of the habitats on which the larvae feed, the nectar resources and the deterioration of their winter habitats, the adaptability and productivity problems in their new habitats, the attack of natural enemies, the disruption of migration signals and the change in wind patterns. In addition, the migration of butterflies may increase with the effect of global warming. Moreover, an increase in temperatures can also cause changes in butterfly morphology, e.g., a reduction in wing size that reduced their flight activity. In this review, we discussed the impact of global warming on butterfly migration.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:38 +030
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L) Cultivation Form and Potentiality under
Konya Conditions, Türkiye
- Authors: Ramazan Acar; Yakup Aslandağ, Ibrahim Musa Osman
  Abstract: İncreasing climate change effect with decreaing and limation of food sources, alternative and well adopted pathway should used. Proso millet is one of human food alternative, its dry enviroment crops. Panicum miliaceum is used in human and animal nutrition. Recently it has been grown in the Konya region in an irrigated schemes for its grain. Proso millet grains have vital economic and nutrition potential. Previously were used to feed pet birds and poultary. Under Konya conditions, the farmer obtained about 150-200 kg/da grain yield. Crop seeds are harvested in 90-100 days, using a combined harvester. The crop possesses a vital capacity of being a promising crop that might contribute to human food security
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:38 +030
Evaluation of Turkey's Agricultural Support Policies in Terms of
World Trends
- Authors: Abdirizak Ali Abdullahi; Hasan Arısoy
  Abstract: The agricultural sector seems to be overshadowed by the services sector in the globalizing world, but it still maintains its importance. Because agricultural products will continue to meet the basic needs of countries in the future as they do today. The most important problem faced by the sector, which is so important, is that it is overly affected by climatic conditions and the low income of the farmers operating in this field. Because of these features, agriculture has been a sector supported by various tools. The aim of this study is to reveal the evaluation of Turkey's agricultural support policies in terms of world trends implemented the world and to make necessary inferences by evaluating Turkey's agricultural support policies in terms of world trends in this context. For this purpose, agricultural support policy trends of the EU and USA were examined in this study. The main material of this study consisted of previous studies on the subject and material obtained from the web pages of the relevant institutes. The study was carried out as a compilation of studies containing analyzes and thoughts about the current situation and future of agricultural support policy trends in line with the determined purpose. Of the observed countries, only the United States has a positive CSE, that meaning its consumers are not taxed. On the other hand, Turkey recorded the highest negative CSE values in the observed period, which means that Turkish consumers are taxed the most.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:37 +030
Effects of Climate Changes on Rose Fungal and Bacterial Diseases in
Lands-cape Areas of Konya Province, Türkiye
- Authors: Aysun Öztürk; Kubilay Kurtuluş Baştaş
  Abstract: Rose, a plant belonging to the family Rosaceae, is one of the most popular and versatile flowering shrubs in urban landscape areas. In recent years, rose bacterial diseases are getting to increase and they cause significant economic losses. The severity and distribution of these problems change every year according to the changing climatic factors, growing areas, the type of roses and the level of being affected by biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, on the 106 rose cultivars located in landscape areas of Konya province was determined different diseases symptoms at various levels by carried out survey studies in 1998-2022 years. As a result of the diagnosis of obtaining bacterial and fungal isolates, bacterial blights (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and P. s. pv. morsprunorum), Xanthomonas hortorum, fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) and crown gal (Rhizobium radiobacter), downy mildew (Peronospara sparsa), rust (Phragmodium mucronatum), black spot (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) were determined as the pathogen on the rose cultivars. It is thought that the findings obtained from the study will contribute to the future development of rose cultivation by revealing the different pathogens and disease levels in roses as a result of the changing climatical conditions.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:36 +030
Physical Properties and Germination Characteristics of Black Carrot Seeds
of Kırıkhan Local Cultivar in Ereğli District of Konya Province
- Authors: Şeyma Sadetaş Önal; Haydar Hacıseferoğulları
  Abstract: Black carrot production is an important agricultural activity for local farmers of Ereğli and Karapınar districts of Konya province. About 20% of the black carrots produced are used in turnip industry and 80% is used in concentrate production. The color value of black carrots of Kırıkhan local cultivar is higher than that of black carrots of Ereğli cultivar. Therefore, concentrate companies prefer the local cultivar of Kırıkhan in Ereğli and Karapınar Districts of Konya. In this study, some physical properties of black carrot seeds of local population of Kırıkhan cultivar were determined and seeds were sown at three different on-row seed spacings (2.5, 5 and 7.5 cm). Sowing was performed on ridges in three narrow rows as to have 7.5 cm between the rows and at a forward speed of 0.64 m s-1. Average length values of the classified bare and coated black carrot seeds were respectively determined as 3.52 and
  4.02 mm, geometric mean diameter values as 1.65 and 2.31 mm, sphericity values as 47.49 and 58.73%, thousand-seed weights as 2.20 and 6.67 g, germination rate values as 82.50 and 76.30%. Fracture resistance value of the coated seeds was measured as 4.89 Nmm-2, water dissolution time as 18.48 s and one-seed ratio in coating as 96%. In field trials conducted at different sowing distances, average germination time of classified bare seeds and coated seeds were repectively determined as 9.40 and 9.18 days, germination rate index values as 1.688 and 1.547 [plant (m day)-1] and the field emergence rate values as 54.15 and 52.39%.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:36 +030
Comparison of Plant Detection Performance of CNN-based Single-stage and
Two-stage Models for Precision Agriculture
- Authors: Recai Özcan; Kemal Tütüncü, Murat Karaca
  Abstract: The fact that arable land is not increasing in proportion to the ever-increasing population will increase the need for food in the coming years. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the yield of crops to make optimum use of arable land. One of the most important reasons for the decrease in yield and quality of crops is weeds. Herbicides are generally preferred for weed management. Due to deficiencies in herbicide application methods, only 0.015-6% of herbicides reach their target. The use of herbicides, which is an important part of the agricultural system, is an issue that needs to be emphasized, considering the risk of residue and environmental damage. In parallel with the rapid development of electronic and computer technologies, artificial intelligence applications have had the opportunity to develop. In this context, the use of artificial intelligence for plant detection in the subsystems of herbicide application machines will contribute to the development of precision agriculture techniques. In this study, the plant detection performances of single-stage and two-stage Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) models are evaluated. In this context, a dataset was created by taking images of Zea mays, Rhaponticum repens (L.) Hidalgo, and Chenopodium album L. plants in agricultural lands in Konya. With this dataset, the training of the models was carried out by the transfer learning method. The evaluation metrics of the trained models were calculated using the error matrix. In addition, training time and prediction time were used as quantitative metrics in the evaluation of the models. The plant detection performance, training time, and prediction time of the models were 85%, 8 h, 1.21 s for SSD MobileNet v2 and 99%, 22 h, 2.32 s for Faster R-CNN Inception v2, respectively. According to these results, Faster R-CNN Inception v2 is outperform in terms of accuracy. However, in cases where training time and prediction time are important, the SSD MobileNet v2 model can be trained with more data to increase its accuracy.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:35 +030
Plant Viruses and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Relationships: A Shiny Application
- Authors: Faruk Öncü; Kubilay Kurtuluş Baştaş
  Abstract: In the face of climate change, the point of view of existing agricultural production systems is changing, and biological issues are gaining importance in terms of sustainable agriculture. Environmentally friendly biological solutions come to the forefront in the management of diseases and pests that put pressure on sustainable agriculture. It has been proven by many studies that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have positive effects on plant growth, as well as reduce or prevent viral diseases. However, determining the targeted virus species, the PGPR strains used, or the plant strains tested requires a serious literature review and reading. In this study, which can be considered as a preliminary study, a database of PGPR and plant virus relations literature was created in a dynamic infrastructure that can be constantly updated, and a web interface was developed as an R/shiny application. Thanks to this preliminary study, which has examples in different fields, it is thought that it is possible for researchers to quickly access the literature on the subject, plan cost-effective projects, and identify the missing or potential points of the subject. According to the information in the database, it was determined that CMV was the most targeted virus, different strains of Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera were used the most as PGPR agent, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were the most tested plant species, and single applications were tested more. It is thought that this and similar studies will enable researchers to gain a quick perspective on the subject, facilitate the management of the information they have acquired, and contribute to effective planning in their new studies.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:34 +030
Determination of Antagonistic Effect Between Some Fusarium Species and
Root Bacteria Isolated from Eggplant Roots
- Authors: Gökçen Ersöz; Nuh Boyraz
  Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to determine the antagonistic effect between and isolated from eggplant roots and some root bacteria conditions. 24 bacteria were isolated from soil samples taken from the rhizosphere regions of infected and non-infected plants in different eggplant production areas and 22 of them were evaluated as candidate biocontrol agents. According to the results of the research, 13 out of 22 bacteria were effective against, 14 against, and 9 against between 40% and 100%. The most effective bacteria against were 22B (100%) and 11B (74.4%). Among the bacteria tested for effectiveness against, 3B (100%), 10B (100%) and 18B (100%) completely inhibited fungal growth. These bacteria are followed by 11B (88.85%) and 13B (85.55%). 11B and 24B inhibited mycelial growth of 100%.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:34 +030
The Effect of Sex Ratio and Population Density on Adult and Female
Egg-Laying Behavior and Female Longevity of Plodia interpunctella
(Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
- Authors: Omar Samee Mahmood; Hüseyin Çetin
  Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effects of sex ratio and population density on Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) adult and female egg laying behavior. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sex ratio and population density on Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) adult and female egg laying behavior. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of the Faculty of Agriculture of Selçuk University and in the climate room at 28±1ºC, 70±5% relative humidity and dark environment. Experiments were carried out in 1 Liter jars with 4 replications. Seven for the sex ratio in the trials (1/1.2/1.3/1.4/1.5/1.6/1.7/1 Male/Female), five for the population density (2/1.4/2) .6/3.8/4.10/5 Male/Female) (in a fixed sex ratio of 2 male/female) different parameters were used. According to the results obtained, an increase was observed in the number of eggs laid by a female from the early stages to the intermediate levels in the sex ratio and population density. When we look at the effect of the sex ratio, the number of eggs laid by the female in the ratio of 5 males / 1 females reached the highest level with 312 eggs. In the population density, the female left the largest number of eggs (360 eggs) at a density of 9 adults. In mass production of P. interpunctella, the highest number of eggs will be obtained from females if the adult population density is 9, the sex ratio is 5 males / 1 female and adult food is provided.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:33 +030
Examination of Shopping Malls on The Usage Preferences of Physical
Disabilities: On-Site Evaluation From Konya/Turkey
- Authors: Sertaç Güngör; Nesihan İyit
  Abstract: With this research, the suitability of the existing large shopping malls in the city of Konya for the use of physically disabled individuals, the problems they may experience in their use and their expectations were evaluated. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in 4 large shopping malls, private or public rehabilitation malls for the disabled, and the Konya Branch of the Turkish Association for the Disabled. The research was carried out in 2018-2019. A survey was conducted with disabled people who volunteered on different days, weekdays, and weekends. Even though it is difficult to access, the shopping mall where they can be most comfortable as a disabled person has been “Novada”. While "Novada AVM" stands out due to the ease of use of the sanitary facilities, the presence of landmarks for the visually impaired, the presence of a battery-chair charging station and the availability of wheelchairs, "Kent plaza", where its staff receives "sign language" training for the speech-impaired, is one of the preferred shopping malls. has been. In this research, "Kulesite" shopping mall has been the most preferred shopping mall due to the ease of transportation by "tramway".
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:27 +030
Climate Change and Plant Health: A Bibliometric Analysis
- Authors: Faruk Öncü; Serkan Yeşil, Kubilay Kurtuluş Baştaş
  Abstract: Climate change, the effects of which are becoming more evident day by day, is seen as a serious threat to sustainable agriculture. As a result of the diseases and pests being affected by climate change, it is inevitable that changes will occur in the state of plant health, which has an important place in sustainable agriculture. Evaluation and analysis of the literature is of great importance, as research and assessments focusing on the impact of climate change on plant health use current knowledge. In this study, which was carried out to contribute to the aforementioned subject, bibliometric analysis was performed on the indexed researches on climate change and plant health in the Web of Science (WoS) database according to the determined search query. Information on different subjects such as authors, countries, published journals, citations, sources used and keywords related to the studies were analyzed with the Bibliometrix package developed in R software and the data were visualized. Quantitative results were obtained on subjects such as prominent authors, journals, countries, and common keywords as a result of bibliometric analyses. According to the results, the importance of multidisciplinary studies is becoming more and more important. In addition, it is gaining popularity to benefit from technological developments in the face of changing and emerging needs in the processing of all kinds of information about climate change. This study was carried out to show that there is an alternative way to gain a general perspective on climate change-related issues in similar studies to be carried out. It is thought that these and similar bibliometric analysis studies can contribute to the execution of more successful studies, thanks to the information on different topics they provide.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:26 +030
Determination of Some Virus Diseases on Gerbera Plants in Antalya Province
- Authors: Serkan Yeşil; Betül Albayrak
  Abstract: Gerbera spp., which is in the Asteraceae family, is the most widely cultivated cut flower ornamental plant in Türkiye after carnation. Approximately 74% of Türkiye's production is met from Antalya province. Virus diseases are a problem in the cultivation of Gerbera as they significantly reduce the yield and quality. In this study, which was carried out to detect some virus diseases seen in Gerbera production areas in Antalya province, surveys were carried out in commercial production areas in the 2021-2022 production season. For this purpose, a total of 112 leaf samples, which are thought to be infected with viruses, were collected from 100 Gerbera plants showing symptoms similar to virus disease symptoms and 12 selected weeds regardless of the presence of symptoms. These leaf samples, which were later brought to the laboratory, then were tested by the Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) method to detect infections of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tobacco streak virus (TSV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV). As a result of the tests, TSWV (41.9%), CMV (1.7%) and TSV (37.5%) infections were detected in Gerbera plant samples. In addition, TSWV (25%) infections were most common in weed samples, followed by TSV (16%) and CMV (8.3%) infections. The presence of INSV virus was not detected in any of the leaf samples tested by DAS-ELISA. With this study, TSWV, TSV and CMV infections in Gerbera production areas in Türkiye were revealed for the first time.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:20 +030
The Effect of Some Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Weeds and Corn Yield
- Authors: Merve Koç; Murat Karaca
  Abstract: In this study, two herbicides (Isoxaflutole 225 g/l + Thiencarbazone-Methyl 90 g/l + Cyrosulfamide 150 g/l and Dimethenamid-P 280 g/l + Terbuthylazine 250 g/l), which are commonly used pre-emergence period against weeds that cause problems in corn planting areas were investigated. The experiments were carried out under field conditions in order to investigate the effect of registered dose of the herbicides to the weeds and corn yield components at the Konya province in 2018 – 2019 years. Herbicides Isoxaflutole 90 g/l + Thiencarbazone methyl 150 g/l + Cyprosulfamide and 280 g/l Dimethenamide-p + 250 g/l Terbuthylazine were tested in the pre-emergence period of the corn plant at doses of 35 ml/da and 300 ml/da, respectively. As a result of the experiments, Isoxaflutole 90 g/l + Thiencarbazone methyl 150 g/l + Cyprosulfamide were determined as the most effective herbicide to control weeds and increase corn yield components when it was applied during pre-emergence period. The effectiveness of herbicides was determined according to the biomass of weeds and their number in m2. In addition, in both years, A. retroflexus was determined as the most intense species with 16.83 plants/m2 and 32.97 plants/m2 ratios respectively, in the experimental areas. Considering the corn stem diameter, cob length, corn stem length, corn stem dry and fresh weight, dry and fresh cob weight, thousand-grain weight and yield per decare in both years, it was determined that the active substances used increased in yield 2 to 3 times compared to the weed control plots.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:20 +030
Evaluation of Popular Recreation Places in Konya in Terms of Safety and
Maintenance Criteria: In The Case of Kalehan Ecdat and Japon Parks
- Authors: Sertaç Güngör
  Abstract: Both the negative impact of the covid pandemic that we have experienced in the last 2 years, and the understanding of having green areas with higher standards have come to the fore more today. While the longing for green spaces has increased in individuals who are closed in their homes in the pandemic environment, the necessity of these green spaces to be more well-maintained and safer has emerged, considering the pandemic conditions. The aim of this research is to determine the status of the facilities and the park in general in Kalehan-Ecdat and Japon Parks, two of the most popular urban parks in Konya, and to compare them with each other in terms of maintenance and security. These two popular parks constitute the main material of the research. A total of 256 visitors using the parks were surveyed on a voluntary basis, paying attention to the pandemic hygiene conditions, face-to-face and online using Google surveys. Kalehan-Ecdat and Japon parks were evaluated by the park users in terms of the well-maintained and safety of the facilities they contain and the park in general, in order to determine their current status and to compare them with each other. While 60% of the users found both parks well-maintained, 4% found them unmaintained. When the security conditions of the parks were evaluated, Kalehan-Ecdat park, which has straight access roads and patrols in the park, was found to be 70% safe in terms of circulation, while the Japon park, which had deserted areas in places due to its lively design, was found to be 50% safe.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:20 +030
Determination of Inhibition Effect of Propolis Extract on Watermelon
mosaic virus in Edible Seed Squash
- Authors: Serkan Yeşil
  Abstract: Edible seed squash (Cucurbita pepo L, ESS), which is grown for its seeds to consume as a snack, has a very important place in vegetable production in Türkiye. Viruses are one of the most problems in the cultivation of ESS in the country. One of these diseases is Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae). Also, it’s very common and devastating on other cucurbits worldwide. Propolis, which is composed mainly by the plant resins and exudates that honey bees gather, showed antiviral activity against plant and human viruses. In this study, the potential of propolis to control WMV was investigated by taking advantage of these antimicrobial properties of propolis. For this purpose, propolis extracted with 95% ethanol and diluted in distilled water to obtain different concentrations as 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% were used. Effects of propolis against WMV were determined by in vitro and in vivo studies. Except of 2, and 4%, all concentrations caused to symptoms reductions of the infection, in all studies. In the result of in vitro studies, the ratios of healthy plants were calculated as 10, 20, 40% and 20, 30, 50% after one and two hours, respectively. In vivo, by spraying concentrations of 6, 8 and 10% before inoculation obtained healthy plants as 20, 40 and 60% after one-hour period, and as 20, 30 and 50% after two-hour period, while the extracts sprayed after inoculation, ratios of healthy plants as 10, 20 and 30% after one-hour period, and as 10, 20 and 20% after two-hour period. According to the results of the study, it was determined that applications of different propolis concentrations had the potential to reduce WMV infection, and these results should be supported by field trials.
  PubDate: Wed, 11 Jan 2023 15:08:19 +030