Authors:KV Ramana Rao, Suchi Gangwar; , Pushplata Aherwar Abstract: At the research farm of Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India experimental trials were conducted during three rainy seasons (June-October) starting with 2016-2017. In this study red, white, black and green colors shade nets with varying shade intensities (35, 50 and 75 %) were studied by constructing each shadenet of 100 m2 size. All the tomato crop growth parameters significantly varied with shade net colours and intensities. Crop under red coloured shadenet house was found to have highest plant height and more branches over crop cultivation in other coloured net houses. Among the shade intensifies crop under 50% had highest plant height and more branches per plant as compared to crop under other intensities. Tomato crop under 50% shade intensity with red color shade net gave highest yield and the lowest yield was observed in 75% green colured shadenet house. Reduction in average ambient temperatures over control (outside the shadenet house, which was 30oC) in different shadenets are 3.2-5.9 0C under black shade net, 1.4-3.5 0C under green, 3.0 -5.3 0C under white, 2.0 – 4.4 0C under red coloured shade net house Average light intensity under ambient conditions was highest with 1,10,000 lux whereas in shade net houses the light intensities are much lower than the ambient conditions. The light intensities were found to be highest in green coloured net house for all intensities followed by red, white and black coloured net houses PubDate: 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2986
Authors:Vázquez-Banda M, Dzul- Cauich J.G, García Vieyra M.I. Abstract: Currently, there is increasing interest on natural hydrocolloids such as gums. In the present work, the solubility, zeta potential and rheological properties of gums from chickpea hull and corn bran were studied. Chickpea hull and corn bran gums were extracted from chickpea hulls and nejayote, respectively. The chickpea hull gum had 2.98% of protein (w/w) and corn bran gum 2.28% (w/w), an ash content of 2.25% (w/w) and 6.21% (w/w), respectively. Chickpea hull gum (CHG) had its highest solubility (above 50%) at 50 °C and 12 hours. Corn bran gum showed a solubility over 90% at 12 hours at 25 °C. The Zeta potential values for both gums were negative (from -0.33 mV to -20.0 mV) through the pH range studied (from 2.0 to 7.0). The dispersions of both gums showed a rheological behavior in which viscosity decreases when increasing the shear rate from 10-2 s-1 to 103 s-1 for chickpea hull gum and corn bran gum at 2%; the rheological viscosity values of the dispersions was adjusted to the Carreau-Yasuda model. Keywords: Gums; Solubility; Zeta Potential; Viscosity; Shear-thinning PubDate: 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2988
Authors:Youssef Mimoue Reffai, Mohammed idbella Abstract: Sourdough technology has been used to make bread for thousands of years. While simple, it involves complex interactions that determine microbial communities. However, evidence for lactic acid bacteria-yeast interactions in sourdough is not yet sufficiently available. The interaction between lactic acid bacteria and yeast has been examined. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria in wheat sourdough and determine their functional properties, such as acidification kinetics, microbiological counts, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and leavening ability. The characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of 32 different strains. In addition, six strains with the best performance were chosen to be used as starters for monoculture and co-culture with baker’s yeast. The lowest PH values and the highest total titratable acidity (TTA) values were observed with co-cultures. The growth rate analysis showed a negative interaction, whereas the lactic acid bacteria population was affected by yeast, while the yeast population size was rarely impacted, regardless of the strain. We found promising results for lactic acid bacteria strains regarding fermentation ability, which showed a higher ability to raise dough in monoculture. Two strains (2-1C2 and 13-1S2) showed interesting technological potential due to exopolysaccharide production and could be used to raise the dough without adding baker’s yeast. PubDate: 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2990
Authors:Yang Yang, Xiaoyun Cui, Linrui Zhong Abstract: In this study, fruit quality and activities of antioxidant and cell wall degrading enzymes, were investigated to explore the effect of exogenous melatonin on preservation of postharvest guava during storage at room temperature (25℃). The results showed 500 μM melatonin treatment could effectively delay the softening and yellowing of guava fruit, and maintain high soluble sugar and vitamin С content, to keep the appearance and nutrient quality. Moreover, the treatment could inhibit PPO (polyphenol oxidase) enzyme activity to prevent browning, but promote POD (peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) enzyme activities to improve the resistance of fruit during storage. Furthermore, PG (polygalacturonase) and PL (pectate lyase) enzyme activities were effectively suppressed to protect the structural integrity of the cell wall in fruit, and delay the softening process. These findings indicate, 500 μM exogenous melatonin treatment could delay the ripening of postharvest guava fruit, and present application value of preservation. PubDate: 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2991
Authors:Hamdani i, Siti Mardiana, Syahbudin Hasibuan Abstract: Oil palm biomass, which includes fronds of oil palm leaves, oil palm fiber and palm kernel shells, empty fruit bunches, liquid waste from oil palm, and other mill wastes, can pose significant environmental hazards. Solid waste and liquid waste have the highest potential for composting. As a result, the goal of this study is to determine the composting features of aerobic-anaerobic systems in palm oil mill bunkers. The research was conducted at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, Bukit Maraja POM, Simalungun Regency, with samples evaluated at Medan's Socfindo Laboratory and Bogor's Center for Research and Development of Biotechnology and Agricultural Genetic Resources. The data acquired in Farm Manager's PLC (Process Logic Control) system was evaluated visually, as were the results of compost qualities from the aerobic-anaerobic system in bunker. Compost made from empty fruit bunches (EFB) via aerobic and anaerobic processes has varied characteristics. The major nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and pH of anaerobic compost are greater than those produced by aerobic compost in bunker. Composting in an aerobic system may suppress the generation of Methane (CH4) gas until it is undetected, however composting in an anaerobic system can detect a high level of Methane (CH4) gas formation. Keywords: aerobic, anaerobic, bunker system, composting, oil palm PubDate: 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2993
Authors:Najam ul Sahar, Naseem Khatoon, Abdul Majeed Mangrio, Nadir Ali Rindc, Muhammad Rafiq Abstract: The low seed germination response and seedling growth of crops to salinity is common problem in Pakistan. To overcome this problem, seed priming is used as an economic and effective approach. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of halopriming of seeds on germination, growth and yield of tomato under saline conditions. The seeds of tomato variety ‘Raja’ were primed with 0, 50 mM and 100mM of NH4NO3, KNO3, and (NH4) 2SO4 solutions for 12 and 24 hours. The primed seeds were irrigated separately with tap water, saline water, and Hoagland solution with saline water. The results indicated that halopriming of tomato seeds with KNO3, NH4NO3 and (NH4) 2SO4 significantly increased the germination percentage (GP) from 58% (unprimed) to 95% (primed) while decreased the mean germination time (MGT) from 7.44 days (unprimed) to 4.6 days (primed). A significant increase was observed in the height of plant, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot and root biomass, number of fruits per plant, etc. in primed plants irrigated with Hoagland solution under saline conditions. Similarly, the halopriming with NH4NO3 and KNO3 also enhanced the chlorophyll pigments, lycopene contents, total soluble sugars, total proteins, total phenolic contents and total flavonoids in primed plants irrigated with Hoagland solutions under salt stress. Furthermore, proline contents were increased in primed plants irrigated with NaCl solution as compared to other treatments and control. In conclusion, KNO3 and NH4NO3 are more effective priming agents than (NH4) 2SO4 were positively affected the germination, plant height, physiological and biochemical attributes in tomato plants under saline and non-saline conditions. The supplement of Hoagland solution under salt stress further improves the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of tomato. PubDate: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2985
Authors:Nosiba A. Alsarayrah, Eshaifol A. Oma, Saud M. Alsanad Abstract: Dates are one of the most prominent types of fruits spread in the Middle East and North Africa and have been an essential part of the diet of the Arab world since ancient times. It has been called “nature’s candy” due to its sweet taste, which is attributed to its high sugar content. Date fruits have great nutritional and therapeutic value, due to the variety of elements they contain, as they contain a good percentage of fiber, vitamins, and minerals, especially magnesium, potassium, selenium, calcium salts, and fatty acids (lauric, linoleic, palmitic, and citric acid) as well as an excellent source of antioxidants (flavonoids, polyphenols, and carotenoids) which offer significant health-promoting and disease-fighting benefits. In this review, the origin of the date palm fruits was studied, and the nutritional value was compared between three types of dates (Ruthana, Sukari, Ajwa) in terms of the nutritional components and the therapeutic values, which is proven by several studies. The nutritional content of date fruits; sugars, beneficial fats, nutritious proteins, and phytochemicals was reviewed. The health benefits of date fruits include their ability to inhibit free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines, and the applications for its use as a functional food were indicated. The exact mechanisms still need further research and exploration, specifically, Ruthana fruits as this type of available literature showed a research gap that could be investigated PubDate: 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2963
Authors:Diana PASARIN, Camelia ROVINARU Abstract: This study assessed chemical components and enzymatic hydrolysis of bee pollen (BP) as an approach to modify its structure and generate bioactive peptides which can be used as functional ingredients. The food grade proteases Alcalase 2.4L and Protamex were used at optimized parameters. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein content and molecular mass (MM) distribution of the soluble peptides in hydrolysates were determined as indicators for enzymatic hydrolysis. The highest DH was reached by Alcalase 2.4L (10.39 %), whereas Protamex showed the lowest (9.31 %). The total protein content recovered from the hydrolysates was 16.01 % w/w for Alcalase 2.4 L and 15.51 % w/w for Protamex. Electrophoretic profile for Alcalase 2.4L and Protamex showed a range of low molecular (4.5 kDa) and low – medium mass peptides (5.8-51 kDa), respectively. Protein recovery and analysis of peptides MM distribution provides data for further research, taking into account the trend of using BP peptides in food products. PubDate: 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2928
Authors:Carlos Francisco de Jesús Rivera-Talaman, Alexandre Michtchenko, Gabriela González-López Abstract: The implementation of various methods to improve the vigor of the seeds is a way to ensure the crop and its final production at harvest. The application of physical methods as laser radiation is an option to improve activity and performance of the seeds (Mohammadi et al. 2012). The promotion of seed germination by light was observed in the nineteenth century, Borthwick et al., (1952), report the reversible regulation of lettuce seed germination by far red and red light. With low-intensity red laser irradiation phytochrome can be signaled (Swathy et al., 2021), phytochrome can influence morphogenesis processes comprising all light-dependent processes involved in plant growth and development (Balcerowicz et al. 2021). Laser irradiation is a proven technique that improves seed germination, plant growth and development, photosynthetic system, plant productivity and can improve resistance to disease and abiotic stress (Ćwintal and Dziwulska-Hunek, 2013; Mohammadi et al., 2012; Podleśna et al., 2015; Prośba-Białczyk et al., 2013; Sacała et al., 2012). Low-intensity diode laser radiation treatments in the field of agriculture are considered environmentally friendly (Qi et al., 2000). Laser radiation treatments permit to precisely control the dose of radiation applied, this allows to analyze the effects of different laser radiation treatments in search of a treatment that improves the development of the different crops. The application of an optimal pre-sowing laser treatment on tomato seeds could promote the production of the tomato crop. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different pre-sowing red laser irradiation treatments on tomato seeds to find an optimal treatment to enhance tomato crop yield PubDate: 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2934
Authors:Fatma Sezer Öztürk, İncilay Gökbulu Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the pomological and physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of the three cultivars of hawthorn. A total of nine phenolic compounds were identified in C. orientalis subsp. orientalis fruits by using RP-HPLC-DAD system. These comprised of phenolic acids (i.e., gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic and p-coumaric acids) and flavonoids (i.e., catechin, epicatechin, rutin and procyanidin-B2). The major phenolic compounds in the hawthorn samples were procyanidin-B2, rutin and chlorogenic acid. The total phenolic contents of samples ranged from 2.86 to 13.81 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (DW). β-Carotene contents and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS assays) of fruits were found to be high levels. In conclusion, the hawthorn cultivars used in the study differ in composition as they are subspecies of each other. It was concluded that the phenolic compounds of hawthorn are the primary substances responsible for antioxidant activity, and the fruit has shown that it has an important place with these properties. It is thought that this study will lead to the use of hawthorn in the food industry in the future, thus adding value to this fruit and enabling it to be used in new products. PubDate: 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i1.2932
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