Abstract: Background and Objectives: Improving ruminant environmental impacts and productivity get a great interest in last years, herbal plants were investigated as feed additive for decreasing gas production from rumen and enhancing nutrients digestibility. So, in the current study was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementing ruminant diets with different levels of thyme or celery on rumen fermentation, digestibility and gas production. Materials and Methods: Seven experimental treatments were done using rumen in vitro batch culture technique. Treatments were: 60% CFM, 40% clover hay (control), control diet+5 g thyme kg–1 DM (T1), control diet+10 g thyme kg–1 DM (T2), control diet+20 g thyme kg–1 DM (T3), control diet+5 g–1 celery kg–1 DM (T4), control diet+10 g–1 celery kg–1 DM (T5), control diet+20 g celery kg–1 DM (T6), control diet+0.4 g salinomycin kg–1 DM (T7). Results: The obtained results showed no significant (p>0.05) change in ruminal pH, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradation. Thyme addition to diet (T1 and T2) significantly lowered (p PubDate: 30 January, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objective: Ingestion of contaminated dairy products causes foodborne diseases (FBD) which pose a significant but often under recognized threat to public health, worldwide, consequently this study was aimed to throw light on the microbiological quality of some dairy products sold in Egyptian markets. Materials and Methods: Ninety random samples of ice cream, Ras cheese and fresh white soft cheese (30 of each) collected from dairy shops and stores in Port-Said and Giza governorates, Egypt and examined microbiologically. Results: The mean titratable acidity of ice cream, Ras cheese and fresh white soft cheese samples were (0.13, 0.43 and 0.14%), microbiological examination proved contamination of the examined samples with high numbers of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, coliform, staphylococci, yeast, mold and anaerobic spore formers. E. coli was isolated from Ras and white fresh soft cheese with 2.9 and 4.4%, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes couldn't be isolated from all of the examined samples, while Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 23.3% of ice cream samples. Conclusion: Inadequate hygienic conditions of production and storage mandate the promotion of hygienic regulations and guarantee of safety from production until receiving to consumer. PubDate: 30 January, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objective: The hygienic measures of the farm especially during milking and the storage condition are all key agents in the count and kind of pathogen contamination present in the bulk milk, so the influence of some hygienic measures (bedding, silage, equipment swabs, worker hand swabs and SCM cow’s milk samples) of the farm on the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) pathogens was evaluated in this study. Material and Methods: Swabs (workers hands and milking equipment) silage, bedding, SCM samples were collected from dairy farm located in Fayoum district, Egypt and the different types of SCM pathogens were isolated. Bulk milk tank and water samples were subjected to count (total colony and coliforms), respectively. The significant (p PubDate: 30 January, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objective: Liver injury becomes a health threatening problem which needs the search for safe and effective natural liver protection agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) which contains branched amino acids against oxidative stress induced in liver damage by CCl4. This was compared with two known polyphenols namely pterostilbene and curcumin. Materials and Methods: Two experiments were carried out. In the first, feeding the additives with different concentrations coincided with CCl4 injection for 5 weeks. In the second, rats were injected with CCl4 for 5 weeks to develop liver fibrosis before starting feeding CGMP and then both feeding CGMP and CCl4 injection were continued for another 5 weeks. Results: Feeding CGMP (100 mg kg–1) and pterostilbene (40 mg kg–1) significantly improved liver functions. In the second trial, CGMP (150 mg kg–1) significantly improved the functions of fibrotic liver and greatly increased the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) than the polyphenols ingredients. CGMP also restored the kidney normal functions after CCl4 treatment. Conclusion: CGMP which is a fraction of milk casein alleviated the rat's oxidative stress caused by CCl4 injection in both experiments. CGMP greatly increased the antioxidant enzymes compared with the two polyphenols and proved to be a hepatoprotective product at 100-150 mg kg–1 that can be used to alleviate liver injury at any stage. PubDate: 17 January, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objective: Oxidative stress is a term denoting an imbalance between the production of oxidants and the respective defense systems of an organism. Oxidants include reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and others. Oxidative stress is deemed a causative factor of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, liver injury, aging, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. In this study, the antioxidant activity of different milk species was investigated. Also, which milk components are responsible for antioxidant activity were also determined. In addition, the effect of pasteurization or sterilization on the antioxidant capacity of milk was studied. Material and Methods: The antioxidant activity of 14 different samples of cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and camel milk either raw or heat-treated by pasteurization or sterilization was investigated using DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity and reducing power. Results: The results showed that sheep milk exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelating activities, while buffalo and sheep milk presented had the highest reducing power. Antioxidant activity of all milk fractions was lower than that of whole milk. Moreover, skim milk had the highest antioxidant capacity, while deproteinized milk was the lowest. Pasteurization did not affect the antioxidant activity of different types of milk. Sterilization led to increase the antioxidant activity of milk from different species. Conclusion: These findings indicated that sheep and buffalo milk showed the greatest antioxidant properties compared to other types of milk. Also, pasteurization did not affect the antioxidant activity of milk, while sterilization had positive effect on the antioxidant activity. PubDate: 07 January, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objectives: The search for cheap-safe tools for promoting farm animal productivity is the main concern of the animal nutritionists’ nowadays. The main objective of this study was to evaluate impact of cellulase new formula for promoting performance of lactating Baladi goats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen early lactating Baladi goats were randomly divided into 3 groups; the 1st group was fed control ration (50% concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 25% berseem (clover) hay and 25% wheat straw), the 2nd fed control ration+LAB produced cellulase at 42.16 IU kg–1 DM (R1), while the 3rd fed control ration+42.16 IU kg–1 DM of Pan-Zyme® (R2). The goats were fed dry matter according to 4% of their body weight for 9 weeks. Results: Goats fed cellulases supplemented rations (R1 and R2) showed higher (p PubDate: 01 February, 2020
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Pectinase as a fibrolytic enzyme is a main tool for effective use of pectin rich agro-residues as alternative feed resources. Production of pectinase by Aspergillus terreus on medium of sugar beet pulp to be used as a feed supplement for dairy animals was the main objective of this study. Materials and Methods: Impact of inoculum size ranged from 1-8% (v/v), incubation period from 1-7 days, initial pH of growth medium in a range between 3 and 8 and different nitrogen source ( ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride peptone, yeast extract and urea) on pectinase production was studied. Electron microscope was used for investigate impact of the resultant pectinase on orange peel degradation, while batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of different levels of the produced and commercial pectinases on dairy animal’s diets digestibility by rumen microorganisms (in vitro). Results: Pectinase maximum production by Aspergillus terreus was obtained at pH 4 of the growth medium, ammonium sulphate as a sole nitrogen source, 4 days of incubation period and 7% of the inoculum size. All addition levels of the produced pectinases increased dietary dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability, but the maximal level of degradability was obtained by produced pectinase at 600 IU kg–1 DM reached 11.44% over the control. Conclusion: Utilization of pectin rich agro-residues with locally produced pectinase in dairy animal feeding, may help in overcome of the feed gap beside the good impact on economy and environment. PubDate: 01 February, 2020
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