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Authors:Tejun Zhou, Jiazheng Lu, Lifu He, Chuanping Wu, Jing Luo Abstract: Journal of Fire Sciences, Ahead of Print. A comparison scheme is proposed to extinguish non-uniform fire scenes and continuously uniform fire scenes using a helicopter’s bucket fire-extinguishing device to spray extinguishing agent. Pure water, and Class AB, gel, and Class A extinguishing agents were added to the bucket fire-extinguishing device to spray 4-layer, 6-layer, and 12-layer wood crib fires. It was discovered that the depth (the distance from the top of the wood crib) of effective cooling and prevention of temperature recovery by extinguishing agents was 0.36 m and that the cooling performance of the extinguishing agents in sequence from high to low was Class A extinguishing agent > gel extinguishing agent > Class AB extinguishing agent > pure water. Their capacity to prevent temperature recovery in the wood crib fires in sequence from high to low was gel extinguishing agent > Class A extinguishing agent > Class AB extinguishing agent > pure water. A device has been developed that can add extinguishing agent to the helicopter bucket efficiently, and its application on-site during the 2020–2021 Spring Festival and other events showed that it can quickly extinguish small-area wildfires near electrical transmission lines to reduce line trips due to wildfire. Citation: Journal of Fire Sciences PubDate: 2022-06-22T11:24:00Z DOI: 10.1177/07349041221098171
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Authors:Alexander B Morgan First page: 249 Abstract: Journal of Fire Sciences, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Journal of Fire Sciences PubDate: 2022-05-04T12:34:59Z DOI: 10.1177/07349041221096609
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Authors:Hongxu Chen, Wei Xia, Nan Wang, Yang Liu, Penghui Fan, Song Wang, Sanxi Li, Jie Liu, Tao Tang, Ailing Zhang, Zhan Ding, Weidong Wu, Qi Chen First page: 254 Abstract: Journal of Fire Sciences, Ahead of Print. A flame-retardant polylactic acid composite added with piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate was developed. Piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate showed synergistic effect in the polylactic acid composites. When the weight ratio of piperazine pyrophosphate to melamine cyanurate was 4:1 and the loading of the piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant was 15 wt.%, the prepared polylactic acid composites passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test and achieved the high limit oxygen index value of 34.9%. The cone calorimeter test result confirmed that the addition of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant reduced the total heat release value of polylactic acid. The effect of polylactic acid biodegradation on the flame retardancy of polylactic acid composite was further discussed. The biodegraded polylactic acid, which was exposed to the air for 8 months, showed high flame retardancy and even passed V-0 rating in the UL-94 test without the addition of piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine cyanurate flame retardant, which proved that biodegradation could affect the flame retardancy of polylactic acid. Citation: Journal of Fire Sciences PubDate: 2022-05-08T04:16:34Z DOI: 10.1177/07349041221093546
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Authors:Sarah Chatenet, Olivier Authier, Serge Bourbigot, Gaëlle Fontaine First page: 274 Abstract: Journal of Fire Sciences, Ahead of Print. Electrical cable sheaths are the most abundant fire load in nuclear power plants, mainly in rooms that are kept in under slight pressure. This configuration leads fires to grow in under-ventilated and vitiated conditions. Assessing fire threat involves characterizing the heat released, responsible for fire growth, and the smoke evolved, which may interact with sensitive components in the area. For that purpose, a revisited controlled-atmosphere cone calorimeter has been designed, set up, and coupled to a Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer and an electrical low-pressure impactor to measure simultaneously the evolved gases and aerosols, respectively. This bench-scale apparatus has been first qualified with polymethylmethacrylate. It has second been used to characterize polyvinylchloride cable sheath representative material reaction to fire in under-ventilated and vitiated conditions. It appeared that vitiation in under-ventilated fires lowers the heat release rate and the fuel mass loss rate. Citation: Journal of Fire Sciences PubDate: 2022-04-29T10:11:38Z DOI: 10.1177/07349041221092968
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Authors:Lucas Terrei, Davood Zeinali, Zoubir Acem, Véronique Marchetti, Paul Lardet, Pascal Boulet, Gilles Parent First page: 293 Abstract: Journal of Fire Sciences, Ahead of Print. The aim of this work is to study and characterize the fire behavior of vertically oriented spruce wood panels using experiments conducted at the scales of cone calorimeter and single burning item tests. For this purpose, first incombustible panels were exposed to burner powers of 15, 20, 30, and 50 kW in the single burning item tests to obtain a mapping of the total heat fluxes received by the panel. Subsequently, wood panels were exposed to the same burner powers for exposure times of 15, 20, and 30 min. Very thin thermocouples were embedded inside the wood panel to measure accurately the in-depth temperatures while the lateral position of the char front on the exposed surface and the depth of the char layer were also measured for each test. The latter measurement permitted to establish a char depth map according to the burner power and exposure time. Correspondingly, it was observed that for a fixed exposure time, the degraded area on the surface grows linearly with the burner power. Moreover, the in-depth char front position deduced from the 300 °C isotherm was found to comply very well with that obtained from direct measurements. Finally, a comparison is made between the char front depths measured with the single burning item and those measured with the cone calorimeter for similar heat fluxes, showing that the corresponding charring rates from these two tests deviate from one another only at low heat fluxes. Citation: Journal of Fire Sciences PubDate: 2022-04-09T06:23:32Z DOI: 10.1177/07349041221089829
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