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 Communications in Mathematical PhysicsJournal Prestige (SJR): 1.682 Citation Impact (citeScore): 2Number of Followers: 2      Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 1432-0916 - ISSN (Online) 0010-3616 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2469 journals]
• Asymptotics Toward Viscous Contact Waves for Solutions of the Landau
Equation

Abstract: In the paper, we are concerned with the large time asymptotics toward the viscous contact waves for solutions of the Landau equation with physically realistic Coulomb interactions. Precisely, for the corresponding Cauchy problem in the spatially one-dimensional setting, we construct the unique global-in-time solution near a local Maxwellian whose fluid quantities are the viscous contact waves in the sense of hydrodynamics and also prove that the solution tends toward such local Maxwellian in large time. The result is proved by elaborate energy estimates and seems the first one on the dynamical stability of contact waves for the Landau equation. One key point of the proof is to introduce a new time-velocity weight function that includes an exponential factor of the form $$\exp (q(t)\langle \xi \rangle ^2)$$ with \begin{aligned} q(t):=q_1-q_2\int _0^tq_3(s)\,ds, \end{aligned} where $$q_1$$ and $$q_2$$ are given positive constants and $$q_3(\cdot )$$ is defined by the energy dissipation rate of the solution itself. The time derivative of such weight function is able to induce an extra quartic dissipation term for treating the large-velocity growth in the nonlinear estimates due to degeneration of the linearized Landau operator in the Coulomb case. Note that in our problem the explicit time-decay of solutions around contact waves is unavailable but no longer needed under the crucial use of the above weight function, which is different from the situation in Duan (Ann Inst H Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire 31:751–778, 2014) and Duan and Yu (Adv Math 362:106956, 2020).
PubDate: 2022-05-14

• Spin-Ruijsenaars, q-Deformed Haldane–Shastry and Macdonald
Polynomials

Abstract: We study the q-analogue of the Haldane–Shastry model, a partially isotropic (xxz-like) long-range spin chain that by construction enjoys quantum-affine (really: quantum-loop) symmetries at finite system size. We derive the pairwise form of the Hamiltonian, found by one of us building on work of D. Uglov, via ‘freezing’ from the affine Hecke algebra. To this end we first obtain explicit expressions for the spin-Macdonald operators of the (trigonometric) spin-Ruijsenaars model. Through freezing these give rise to the higher Hamiltonians of the spin chain, including another Hamiltonian of the opposite ‘chirality’. The sum of the two chiral Hamiltonians has a real spectrum also when $$\mathsf {q} =1$$ , so in particular when q is a root of unity. For generic $$\mathsf {q}$$ the eigenspaces are known to be labelled by ‘motifs’. We clarify the relation between these patterns and the corresponding degeneracies (multiplicities) in the crystal limit $$\textsf {q}\rightarrow \infty$$ . For each motif we obtain an explicit expression for the exact eigenvector, valid for generic q, that has (‘pseudo’ or ‘l-’) highest weight in the sense that, in terms of the operators from the monodromy matrix, it is an eigenvector of A and D and annihilated by C. It has a simple component featuring the ‘symmetric square’ of the q-Vandermonde polynomial times a Macdonald polynomial—or more precisely its quantum spherical zonal special case. All other components of the eigenvector are obtained from this through the action of the Hecke algebra, followed by ‘evaluation’ of the variables to roots of unity. We prove that our vectors have highest weight upon evaluation. Our description of the exact spectrum is complete. The entire model, including the quantum-loop action, can be reformulated in terms of polynomials. Our main tools are the Y-operators from the affine Hecke algebra. From a more mathematical perspective the key step in our diagonalisation is as follows. We show that on a subspace of suitable polynomials the first M ‘classical’ (i.e. no difference part) Y-operators in N variables reduce, upon evaluation as above, to Y-operators in M variables with parameters at the quantum zonal spherical point.
PubDate: 2022-05-13

• Blobbed Topological Recursion of the Quartic Kontsevich Model I: Loop
Equations and Conjectures

Abstract: We provide strong evidence for the conjecture that the analogue of Kontsevich’s matrix Airy function, with the cubic potential $$\mathrm {Tr}(\Phi ^3)$$ replaced by a quartic term $$\mathrm {Tr}(\Phi ^4)$$ , obeys the blobbed topological recursion of Borot and Shadrin. We identify in the quartic Kontsevich model three families of correlation functions for which we establish interwoven loop equations. One family consists of symmetric meromorphic differential forms $$\omega _{g,n}$$ labelled by genus and number of marked points of a complex curve. We reduce the solution of all loop equations to a straightforward but lengthy evaluation of residues. In all evaluated cases, the $$\omega _{g,n}$$ consist of a part with poles at ramification points which satisfies the universal formula of topological recursion, and of a part holomorphic at ramification points for which we provide an explicit residue formula.
PubDate: 2022-05-12

• About Linearization of Infinite-Dimensional Hamiltonian Systems

Abstract: This article is concerned with analytic Hamiltonian dynamical systems in infinite dimension in a neighborhood of an elliptic fixed point. Given a quadratic Hamiltonian, we consider the set of its analytic higher order perturbations. We first define the subset of elements which are formally symplectically conjugated to a (formal) Birkhoff normal form. We prove that if the quadratic Hamiltonian satisfies a Diophantine-like condition and if such a perturbation is formally symplectically conjugated to the quadratic Hamiltonian, then it is also analytically symplectically conjugated to it. Of course what is an analytic symplectic change of variables depends strongly on the choice of the phase space. Here we work on periodic functions with Gevrey regularity.
PubDate: 2022-05-12

• Correct Bounds on the Ising Lace-Expansion Coefficients

Abstract: The lace expansion for the Ising two-point function was successfully derived in (Sakai in Commun Math Phys 272:283–344, 2007, Proposition 1.1). It is an identity that involves an alternating series of lace-expansion coefficients. In the same paper, we claimed that the expansion coefficients obey certain diagrammatic bounds which imply faster x-space decay (as the two-point function cubed) above the critical dimension $$d_\mathrm {c}$$ ( $$=4$$ for finite-variance models) if the spin-spin coupling is ferromagnetic, translation-invariant, summable and symmetric with respect to the underlying lattice symmetries. However, we recently found a flaw in the proof of (Sakai in Commun Math Phys 272:283–344, 2007, Lemma 4.2), a key lemma to the aforementioned diagrammatic bounds. In this paper, we no longer use the problematic (Sakai 2007, Lemma 4.2), and prove new diagrammatic bounds on the expansion coefficients that are slightly more complicated than those in (Sakai 2007, Proposition 4.1) but nonetheless obey the same fast decay above the critical dimension $$d_\mathrm {c}$$ . Consequently, the lace-expansion results for the Ising and $$\varphi ^4$$ models in the literature are all saved. The proof is based on the random-current representation and its source-switching technique of Griffiths, Hurst and Sherman, combined with a double expansion: a lace expansion for the lace-expansion coefficients.
PubDate: 2022-05-10

• Sphere Partition Function of Calabi–Yau GLSMs

Abstract: The sphere partition function of Calabi–Yau gauged linear sigma models (GLSMs) has been shown to compute the exact Kähler potential of the Kähler moduli space of a Calabi–Yau. We propose a universal expression for the sphere partition function evaluated in hybrid phases of Calabi–Yau GLSMs that are fibrations of Landau–Ginzburg orbifolds over some base manifold. Special cases include Calabi–Yau complete intersections in toric ambient spaces and Landau–Ginzburg orbifolds. The key ingredients that enter the expression are Givental’s I/J-functions, the Gamma class and further data associated to the hybrid model. We test the proposal for one- and two-parameter abelian GLSMs, making connections, where possible, to known results from mirror symmetry and FJRW theory.
PubDate: 2022-05-09

• Mahler Measure for a Quiver Symphony

Abstract: Adopting the Mahler measure from number theory, we introduce it to toric quiver gauge theories, and study some of its salient features and physical implications. We propose that the Mahler measure is a universal measure for the quiver, encoding its dynamics with the monotonic behaviour along a so-called Mahler flow including two special points at isoradial and tropical limits. Along the flow, the amoeba, from tropical geometry, provides geometric interpretations for the dynamics of the quiver. In the isoradial limit, the maximization of Mahler measure is shown to be equivalent to a-maximization. The Mahler measure and its derivative are closely related to the master space, leading to the property that the specular duals have the same functions as coefficients in their expansions, hinting the emergence of a free theory in the tropical limit. Moreover, they indicate the existence of phase transition. We also find that the Mahler measure should be invariant under Seiberg duality.
PubDate: 2022-05-09

• BMS Charges Without Supertranslation Ambiguity

Abstract: The asymptotic symmetry of an isolated gravitating system, or the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) group, contains an infinite-dimensional subgroup of supertranslations. Despite decades of study, the difficulties with the “supertranslation ambiguity” persisted in making sense of fundamental notions such as the angular momentum carried away by gravitational radiation. The issues of angular momentum and center of mass were resolved by the authors recently. In this paper, we address the issues for conserved charges with respect to both the classical BMS algebra and the extended BMS algebra. In particular, supertranslation ambiguity of the classical charge for the BMS algebra, as well as the extended BMS algebra, is completely identified. We then propose a new invariant charge by adding correction terms to the classical charge. With the presence of these correction terms, the new invariant charge is then shown to be free from any supertranslation ambiguity. Finally, we prove that both the classical and invariant charges for the extended BMS algebra are invariant under the boost transformations.
PubDate: 2022-05-09

• Must the Spectrum of a Random Schrödinger Operator Contain an
Interval'

Abstract: We consider Schrödinger operators in $$\ell ^2({\mathbb Z})$$ whose potentials are given by independent (not necessarily identically distributed) random variables. We ask whether it is true that almost surely its spectrum contains an interval. We provide an affirmative answer in the case of random potentials given by a sum of a perturbatively small quasi-periodic potential with analytic sampling function and Diophantine frequency vector and a term of Anderson type, given by independent identically distributed random variables (with some small-gap assumption for the support of the single-site distribution). The proof proceeds by extending a result about the presence of ground states for atypical realizations of the classical Anderson model, which we prove here as well and which appears to be new.
PubDate: 2022-05-09

• A GLSM View on Homological Projective Duality

Abstract: Given a gauged linear sigma model (GLSM) $${\mathcal {T}}_{X}$$ realizing a projective variety X in one of its phases, i.e. its quantum Kähler moduli has a geometric point, we propose an extended GLSM $${\mathcal {T}}_{{\mathcal {X}}}$$ realizing the homological projective dual category $${\mathcal {C}}$$ to $$D^{b}Coh(X)$$ as the category of B-branes of the Higgs branch of one of its phases. In most of the cases, the models $${\mathcal {T}}_{X}$$ and $${\mathcal {T}}_{{\mathcal {X}}}$$ are anomalous and the analysis of their Coulomb and mixed Coulomb-Higgs branches gives information on the semiorthogonal/Lefschetz decompositions of $${\mathcal {C}}$$ and $$D^{b}Coh(X)$$ . We also study the models $${\mathcal {T}}_{X_{L}}$$ and $${\mathcal {T}}_{{\mathcal {X}}_{L}}$$ that correspond to homological projective duality of linear sections $$X_{L}$$ of X. This explains why, in many cases, two phases of a GLSM are related by homological projective duality. We study mostly abelian examples: linear and Veronese embeddings of $${\mathbb {P}}^{n}$$ and Fano complete intersections in $${\mathbb {P}}^{n}$$ . In such cases, we are able to reproduce known results as well as produce some new conjectures. In addition, we comment on the construction of the HPD to a nonabelian GLSM for the Plücker embedding of the Grassmannian G(k, N).
PubDate: 2022-05-08

• The Generalized Langevin Equation in Harmonic Potentials: Anomalous
Diffusion and Equipartition of Energy

Abstract: Abstract We consider the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) in a harmonic potential with power law decay memory. We study the anomalous diffusion of the particle’s displacement and velocity. By comparison with the free particle situation in which the velocity was previously shown to be either diffusive or subdiffusive, we find that, when trapped in a harmonic potential, the particle’s displacement may either be diffusive or superdiffusive. Under slightly stronger assumptions on the memory kernel, namely, for kernels related to the broad class of completely monotonic functions, we show that both the free particle and the harmonically bounded GLE satisfy the equipartition of energy condition. This generalizes previously known results for the GLE under particular kernel instances such as the generalized Rouse kernel or (exactly) a power law function.
PubDate: 2022-05-05

• Uniform Structural Stability of Hagen–Poiseuille Flows in a Pipe

Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we prove the uniform nonlinear structural stability of Hagen–Poiseuille flows with arbitrary fluxes in the axisymmetric case in an infinitely long pipe. This uniform nonlinear structural stability is the first step to study Liouville type property for steady solutions of Navier–Stokes system in a pipe, which may play an important role in proving the existence of solutions with arbitrary flux to steady Navier–Stokes system in a nozzle with Poiseuille flows as far field asymptotic states (Leray’s problem). A key step is the a priori estimate for the associated linearized problem for Navier–Stokes system around Hagen–Poiseuille flows. The linear structural stability is established as a consequence of elaborate analysis on the governing equation for the partial Fourier transform of the stream function. The uniform estimates are obtained based on the analysis for the solutions with different fluxes and frequencies. One of the most involved cases is to analyze the solutions with large flux and intermediate frequency, where the boundary layer analysis plays a crucial role.
PubDate: 2022-05-03

• Perturbative Symmetry Approach for Differential–Difference Equations

Abstract: Abstract We propose a new method to tackle the integrability problem for evolutionary differential–difference equations of arbitrary order. It enables us to produce necessary integrability conditions, to determine whether a given equation is integrable or not, and to advance in classification of integrable equations. We define and develop symbolic representation for the difference polynomial ring, difference operators and formal series. In order to formulate necessary integrability conditions, we introduce a novel quasi-local extension of the difference ring. We apply the developed formalism to solve the classification problem of integrable equations for anti-symmetric quasi-linear equations of order $$(-3,3)$$ and produce a list of 17 equations satisfying the necessary integrability conditions. For every equation from the list we present an infinite family of integrable higher order relatives. Some of the equations obtained are new.
PubDate: 2022-05-03

• Modular Structure of the Weyl Algebra

Abstract: Abstract We study the modular Hamiltonian associated with a Gaussian state on the Weyl algebra. We obtain necessary/sufficient criteria for the local equivalence of Gaussian states, independently of the classical results by Araki and Yamagami, Van Daele, Holevo. We also present a criterion for a Bogoliubov automorphism to be weakly inner in the GNS representation. The main application of our analysis is the description of the vacuum modular Hamiltonian associated with a time-zero interval in the scalar, massive, free QFT in two spacetime dimensions, thus complementing the recent results in higher space dimensions (Longo and Morsella in The massive modular Hamiltonian. arXiv:2012.00565). In particular, we have the formula for the local entropy of a one-dimensional Klein–Gordon wave packet and Araki’s vacuum relative entropy of a coherent state on a double cone von Neumann algebra. Besides, we derive the type $${III}_1$$ factor property. Incidentally, we run across certain positive selfadjoint extensions of the Laplacian, with outer boundary conditions, seemingly not considered so far.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Metastability for Glauber Dynamics on the Complete Graph with Coupling
Disorder

Abstract: Abstract Consider the complete graph on n vertices. To each vertex assign an Ising spin that can take the values $$-1$$ or $$+1$$ . Each spin $$i \in [n]=\{1,2,\dots , n\}$$ interacts with a magnetic field $$h \in [0,\infty )$$ , while each pair of spins $$i,j \in [n]$$ interact with each other at coupling strength $$n^{-1} J(i)J(j)$$ , where $$J=(J(i))_{i \in [n]}$$ are i.i.d. non-negative random variables drawn from a probability distribution with finite support. Spins flip according to a Metropolis dynamics at inverse temperature $$\beta \in (0,\infty )$$ . We show that there are critical thresholds $$\beta _c$$ and $$h_c(\beta )$$ such that, in the limit as $$n\rightarrow \infty$$ , the system exhibits metastable behaviour if and only if $$\beta \in (\beta _c, \infty )$$ and $$h \in [0,h_c(\beta ))$$ . Our main result is a sharp asymptotics, up to a multiplicative error $$1+o_n(1)$$ , of the average crossover time from any metastable state to the set of states with lower free energy. We use standard techniques of the potential-theoretic approach to metastability. The leading order term in the asymptotics does not depend on the realisation of J, while the correction terms do. The leading order of the correction term is $$\sqrt{n}$$ times a centred Gaussian random variable with a complicated variance depending on $$\beta ,h$$ , on the law of J and on the metastable state. The critical thresholds $$\beta _c$$ and $$h_c(\beta )$$ depend on the law of J, and so does the number of metastable states. We derive an explicit formula for $$\beta _c$$ and identify some properties of $$\beta \mapsto h_c(\beta )$$ . Interestingly, the latter is not necessarily monotone, meaning that the metastable crossover may be re-entrant.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Recovery of a Cubic Non-linearity in the Wave Equation in the Weakly
Non-linear Regime

Abstract: Abstract We study the inverse problem of recovery a compactly supported non-linearity in the semilinear wave equation $$u_{tt}-\Delta u+ \alpha (x) u ^2u=0$$ , in two and three dimensions. We probe the medium with complex-valued harmonic waves of wavelength h and amplitude $$h^{-1/2}$$ , then they propagate in the weakly non-linear regime; and measure the transmitted wave when it exits $${{\,\mathrm{supp}\,}}\alpha$$ . We show that one can extract the Radon transform of $$\alpha$$ from the phase shift of such waves, and then one can recover $$\alpha$$ . We also show that one can probe the medium with real-valued harmonic waves and obtain uniqueness for the linearized problem.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Archimedes’ Principle for Ideal Gas

Abstract: Abstract We prove Archimedes’ principle for a macroscopic ball in ideal gas consisting of point particles with non-zero mass. The main result is an asymptotic theorem, as the number of point particles goes to infinity and their total mass remains constant. We also show that, asymptotically, the gas has an exponential density as a function of height. We find the asymptotic inverse temperature of the gas. We derive an accurate estimate of the volume of the phase space using the local central limit theorem.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Completeness of Wronskian Bethe Equations for Rational $${\mathfrak {\mathfrak {gl}}_{{{\mathsf {m}}} {{\mathsf {n}}}}}$$ gl m n Spin Chains

Abstract: Abstract We consider rational integrable supersymmetric $${\mathfrak {\mathfrak {gl}}_{{{\mathsf {m}}} {{\mathsf {n}}}}}$$ spin chains in the defining representation and prove the isomorphism between a commutative algebra of conserved charges (the Bethe algebra) and a polynomial ring (the Wronskian algebra) defined by functional relations between Baxter Q-functions that we call Wronskian Bethe equations. These equations, in contrast to standard nested Bethe equations, admit only physical solutions for any value of inhomogeneities and furthermore we prove that the algebraic number of solutions to these equations is equal to the dimension of the spin chain Hilbert space (modulo relevant symmetries). Both twisted and twist-less periodic boundary conditions are considered, the isomorphism statement uses, as a sufficient condition, that the spin chain inhomogeneities $${{\theta }_{\ell }}$$ , $$\ell =1,\ldots ,L$$ satisfy $${{\theta }_{\ell }}+\hbar \ne {{\theta }_{\ell '}}$$ for $$\ell <\ell '$$ . Counting of solutions is done in two independent ways: by computing a character of the Wronskian algebra and by explicitly solving the Bethe equations in certain scaling regimes supplemented with a proof that the algebraic number of solutions is the same for any value of $$\theta _\ell$$ . In particular, we consider the regime $$\theta _{\ell +1}/\theta _{\ell }\gg 1$$ for the twist-less chain where we succeed to provide explicit solutions and their systematic labelling with standard Young tableaux.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Construction of Eigenfunctions for the Elliptic Ruijsenaars Difference
Operators

Abstract: Abstract We present a perturbative construction of two kinds of eigenfunctions of the commuting family of difference operators defining the elliptic Ruijsenaars system. The first kind corresponds to elliptic deformations of the Macdonald polynomials, and the second kind generalizes asymptotically free eigenfunctions previously constructed in the trigonometric case. We obtain these eigenfunctions as infinite series which, as we show, converge in suitable domains of the variables and parameters. Our results imply that, for the domain where the elliptic Ruijsenaars operators define a relativistic quantum mechanical system, the elliptic deformations of the Macdonald polynomials provide a family of orthogonal functions with respect to the pertinent scalar product.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

• Continuous-Variable Nonlocality and Contextuality

Abstract: Abstract Contextuality is a non-classical behaviour that can be exhibited by quantum systems. It is increasingly studied for its relationship to quantum-over-classical advantages in informatic tasks. To date, it has largely been studied in discrete-variable scenarios, where observables take values in discrete and usually finite sets. Practically, on the other hand, continuous-variable scenarios offer some of the most promising candidates for implementing quantum computations and informatic protocols. Here we set out a framework for treating contextuality in continuous-variable scenarios. It is shown that the Fine–Abramsky–Brandenburger theorem extends to this setting, an important consequence of which is that Bell nonlocality can be viewed as a special case of contextuality, as in the discrete case. The contextual fraction, a quantifiable measure of contextuality that bears a precise relationship to Bell inequality violations and quantum advantages, is also defined in this setting. It is shown to be a non-increasing monotone with respect to classical operations that include binning to discretise data. Finally, we consider how the contextual fraction can be formulated as an infinite linear program. Through Lasserre relaxations, we are able to express this infinite linear program as a hierarchy of semi-definite programs that allow to calculate the contextual fraction with increasing accuracy.
PubDate: 2022-05-01

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