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Modern Physics Letters B
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.226

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 10

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0217-9849 - ISSN (Online) 1793-6640
Published by World Scientific

[120 journals]

Facile, economical, and environmental-friendly fabrication of N, P
co-doped porous carbon/Sn composite with enhanced lithium storage
properties
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  Authors: Kun Liu, Juncai Sun
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Despite the satisfactory development in preparing heteroatom-doped porous carbon/Sn composite structures, most strategies rely on complicated and multi-step template processes to tailor the porous carbon structure. Herein, a facile, economical, and environmental-friendly strategy for the one-step synthesis of N, P co-doped porous C/Sn (Sn/NPPC) composite is reported. The NPPC can relieve the large volume change and supply good electronic conductivity as well as more defects. Benefiting from the integration of these advantages, the Sn/NPPC electrode achieves superior discharge capacity (689.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g). This strategy can supply fundamental breakthroughs for reducing the synthesis cost and simplifying the synthesis complexity of heteroatom-doped porous carbon/Sn composite.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-05-16T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420052
Effect of AGM waste filament incorporation on the performance of solid
waste curing agents
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  Authors: Weilun Zhang, Wenyuan Gao, Meihong Niu
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) waste filaments are waste staple fibers from the production of AGM functional paper. Incorporation of AGM waste filaments into solid waste based curing agents, the experimental results showed that the maximum increase in compressive strength and flexural strength of the cured specimens was achieved when 5% mass fraction AGM waste filament was added with compressive strengths of 9.87 MPa and 10.96 MPa at 7 d and 28 d, respectively, representing an increase of 15.57% and 17.34% compared to the unadulterated one. The flexural strength was increased by 53.55% and 49.71% compared with that of the unadulterated AGM waste filament. The strength enhancement effect of mixing different shapes of AGM waste filaments is higher than that of mixing each shape alone, which proves that AGM waste filaments have a mixed enhancement effect.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-05-16T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420064
Electrical activities, excitability and multistability transitions of the
hybrid neuronal model induced by electromagnetic induction and autapse
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  Authors: Shuai Qiao, Chenghua Gao, Xinlei An, Xingyue He, Jingjing Wang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Electromagnetic induction and autapse play important roles in regulating the electric activities, excitability, and bistable structure of neurons. The firing activities and global bifurcation patterns of a four-dimensional (4D) hybrid neuron model that combines the fast dynamic variables of the Wilson model and the slow feedback variables of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) model and magnetic flux are investigated based on the Matcont software and numerical calculation. The effect of electrical autapse on the dynamic evolution of the system is also discussed emphatically. Upon encountering electromagnetic induction, the hybrid neuron model exhibits complex global stability, Hopf bifurcation, and saddle-node bifurcation. Intriguingly, the system presents initial sensitivity and a bistable structure consisting of quiescent and period-1 spiking near the Hopf bifurcation point. It is worth noting that the feedback type of electrical autapse, including positive and negative feedback, has completely different effects on this bistable structure. Notably, the negative feedback autapse can expand and change the bistable region, so that the system generates a new bistable structure consisting of quiescent and periodic bursting states, and its bursting activities are also promoted. Moreover, extensive numerical results show that the system generally maintains a comb-shaped chaotic structure, abundant bifurcation patterns, and multistability. It should be noted that electrical autapse feedback types and time delays do not change the regular bifurcation structures but operate a complex regulatory mechanism for the coexistence of multiple attractors. These results will provide useful insights into the neuron’s dynamics under the atmosphere of electromagnetic induction and also electrical autapse.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500063
Nonlinear electron transport in miniband superlattice driven by dual
terahertz fields and a transverse magnetic field
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  Authors: W. Feng, S. T. Wei, C. Wang, J. C. Cao
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Time-dependent electron current response of GaAs-based miniband superlattice under dual ac electric fields and a magnetic field is studied using balance equation approach. The space charge-induced self-consistent electric field is taken into account in the model. The miniband superlattice operates in the diffusive regime without electric field domain formation. Electron current displays very complicated oscillating behavior with the influence of external fields. The effect of dissipation on nonlinear electron transport is carefully studied based on Poincaré bifurcation diagram and power spectrum. The exhibition of complicate nonlinear oscillation in superlattice is attributed to the nonlinearity induced by self-consistent field and interaction between external radiation and internal cooperative oscillating mode relative to Bloch oscillation and cyclotron oscillation.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500129
Information pattern stability in memristive Izhikevich neural networks
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  Authors: Clovis Ntahkie Takembo
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, modulational instability (MI) of information via membrane potential is studied analytically and numerically in an improved Izhikevich neural network under electromagnetic induction. By applying the powerful discrete multiple scale expansion method, a spatiotemporal nonlinear amplitude differential-difference equation governing the information dynamics is derived from the generic model. Linear stability of plane impulse wave solution is then performed on the latter and the impact of electromagnetic induction feedback through the memristor couplings is portrayed on the growth rate diagram. From the diagram, it is found that negative memristor coupling parameter decreases the critical amplitude while positive parameter increases the critical amplitude. To support our analytical predictions, numerical simulations are performed and data selected from the unstable zone of MI lead to the formation of localized solitonic energy patterns, related to the energy coding patterns in the nervous system. Furthermore, the sampled time series for membrane potential under the influence of memristor coupling revealed the breakdown of action potential into multiple impulse-wave trains for high parameter values thus confirming an analytical prediction. Our results provide a potential way to manipulate information coding in the brain.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492250021X
Influence of S and Se doping on the electronic characteristic and optical
properties of T-carbon by first-principles calculation
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  Authors: Xuefeng Lu, Yongxiang Zhang, Xin Guo, Junqiang Ren, Hongtao Xue, Fuling Tang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Exploring the next generation of invincible energy materials with fascinating properties is vital in the challenge of energy crisis. In this paper, we extract T-carbon as a potential candidate and have an insight into the electronic and optical properties by means of first principles. It is found that S1 position doping system is relatively more stable with the formation energy of 0.323 eV, and has the smallest bandgap value of 1.228 eV. Charge density difference maps show that the electron loss is obvious near the S atom and the covalent bond is weakened. The population analysis shows that the S atom will obtain electrons through competition, while the Se atom will lose electrons. Additionally, the peak values of [math]2 in the doped systems decrease significantly, especially for S2 doping system, indicating that S2 doping can effectively improve the service life in related devices. Compared with the instinct system, the absorption coefficient is lower in the UV region and greater in the visible region. The peak of energy loss spectrum reduces after doping, especially for Se1 doping. The results provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of T-carbon in the energy microdevice fields.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500233
An existential study of a tracking model for a two-dimensional Brownian
particle on a planar surface
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  Authors: Mohamed Abd Allah El-Hadidy, Alaa Awad Alzulaibani
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  This paper discusses the existence of the tracking technique for a two-dimensional Brownian particle on a planar surface. The tracking process starts from the origin of the plane (intersection point of [math] and [math] axes). Accordingly, we derive the conditions that make the expected value of the first meeting time between the sensor and the particle finite. Also, we calculate the approximated expected value of the first meeting time.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500245
First-principles studies on electronic structure and optical properties of
two-dimensional ZrO2
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  Authors: Shengzhao Wang, Lanli Chen, Bin Liu, Jinfan Song, Chao Li
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Two-dimensional 1T-ZrO2 material is investigated via first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method. The band gap of cubic, tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 is 6.095 eV, 5.784 eV and 5.835 eV respectively obtained in the paper also. [math] method is determined to adopt to study two-dimensional 1T-ZrO2 in the paper. The results show that the band gap of 1T-ZrO2 material is 7.513 eV and it is an indirect wide band gap semiconductor structure. At the same time, it can be seen from the density of states (DOS) that the valence band of the 1T-ZrO2 material is mainly due to the contribution of 2p electron of O atom. 4p, 4d and 5s electron of Zr atom also contributes a little to the valence band. 4p, 4d, 5s electron of Zr atom and 2s, 2p electron of O atom contribute to the conduction band, but main contribution has come from 4d of Zr atom. These results are in good agreement with the electron orbitals diagram. 1T-ZrO2 material has maximum reflectivity of 11.61% and refractive index of 1.62. It has high absorption coefficient and energy loss in this region. The peak of dielectric function may be mainly caused by the inter-band transition from electron-occupied state to non-occupied state. The real part of the photoconductivity tends to zero in the visible region with low energy and the maximum conductivity of 2.087 corresponds to the peak of other photoelectric properties of 1T-ZrO2 material.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492250049X
Bound state near a nonlinear defect in a medium with a stepwise
nonlinearity
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  Authors: S. E. Savotchenko
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The new features of the bound state’s formation due to the defect nonlinearity and stepwise medium nonlinearity are found. The Schrödinger equation containing two terms of different nonlinearity types is solved analytically. The exact solution found is described as the bound state near the nonlinear defect in the nonlinear medium. Properties of the bound state are analyzed in dependence on defect and medium parameters. The bound state existing only near nonlinear defect only is found. It is shown that the influence of a change in the effective defect power is qualitatively equivalent to a change in the defect power up to renormalization, and the effect of the defect nonlinearity is opposite.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492250052X
Lie symmetry analysis, optimal system and exact solutions of a new
(2+1)-dimensional KdV equation
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  Authors: Ashish Tiwari, Rajan Arora
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  This work attempts to apply the Lie symmetry approach to an updated (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation, recently updated in A.-M. Wazwaz, Nucl. Phys. B 954 (2020) 115009. The equation can be considered as one of the famous examples of the soliton equation. The infinitesimal generators for the governing equation have been found using the invariance property of Lie groups. The commutator table, adjoint table, invariant functions and one-dimensional optimal system of subalgebras are then derived using Lie point symmetries. Some group invariant solutions are derived based on various subalgebras, symmetry reductions and an optimal system. To demonstrate the physical acceptability of the results, the obtained solutions are evaluated using numerical simulation.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500567
Novel interaction phenomena of the new [math]-dimensional extended shallow
water wave equation
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  Authors: Yuqing Zhang, Hengchun Hu
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Based on the Hirota bilinear method, we study some kinds of novel interaction solutions of the new integrable [math]-dimensional extended shallow water wave equation. Using the symbolic computations, we obtain a rich variety of exact solutions such as the lump solutions, lump-kink solutions, breather solutions and two-kink solutions and these exact solutions are shown analytically and graphically by selecting the proper parameters. These new exact solutions contribute us to our understanding of the physical phenomena of the integrable nonlinear shallow water wave model.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-30T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500592
Design of low-voltage low-power rail-to-rail operational amplifier
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  Authors: Mingyuan Ren, Mengying Qin, Changchun Dong, Guoxu Zheng, Nan Cao
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, a low-voltage and low-voltage power rail-to-rail operational amplifier is designed based on the research progress of low-voltage and low-voltage power rail-to-rail operational amplifier. Based on the level shift technology, the problem of limited common mode input range caused by constant threshold voltage under low voltage is effectively solved. Based on the SMIC 0.18 [math]m complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, the operational amplifier has a slew rate of 9.3 V/[math]s and an establishment time of 0.41 [math]s. The power consumption of the operational amplifier is 0.52 mW. The effective area of the layout is about [math]m2.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984921505916
Optical solitons and other solutions to the Hirota–Maccari system with
conformable, M-truncated and beta derivatives
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  Authors: Neslihan Ozdemir, Handenur Esen, Aydin Secer, Mustafa Bayram, Abdullahi Yusuf, Tukur Abdulkadir Sulaiman
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this research paper, we scrutinize the novel traveling wave solutions and other solutions with conformable, M-truncated and beta fractional derivatives for the nonlinear fractional Hirota–Maccari system. In order to acquire the analytical solutions, the Riccati–Bernoulli sub-ODE technique is implemented. Presented method is the very powerful technique to get the novel exact soliton and other solutions for nonlinear partial equations in sense of both integer and fractional-order derivatives. Mathematical properties of different kinds of fractional derivatives are given in this paper. A comparative approach is presented between the solutions with the fractional derivatives. For the validity of the solutions, the constraints conditions are determined. To illustrate the physical meaning of the presented equation, the 2D and 3D graphs of the acquired solutions are successfully charted by selecting appropriate values of parameters.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984921506259
Diverse and novel soliton structures of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger
type equations through two competent techniques
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  Authors: Md. Tarikul Islam, Md. Ali Akbar, Hijaz Ahmad, Onur Alp Ilhan, Khaled A. Gepreel
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Nonlinear evolution equations play enormous significant roles to work with complicated physical phenomena located across the nature world. The Schrödinger type equations bearing nonlinearity are important models that flourished with the wide-ranging arena concerning plasma physics, nonlinear optics, fluid flow and the theory of deep-water waves. In this exploration, we retrieve the soliton and other solutions in an appropriate form to the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations by means of the improved tanh method and the rational [math]-expansion method. The suggested system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations is turned into a differential equation of a single variable through executing some operations. Thereupon, successful implementation of the advised techniques regains the abundant exact traveling wave solutions. The obtained solutions are figured out in the profiles of three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D) and contour by assigning suitable values of the involved unknown constants. These diverse graphical appearances enable the researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of intricate phenomena of the leading equations. The individual performances of the employed methods are praiseworthy which deserve further application to unravel any other nonlinear partial differential equations arising in various branches of science.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492250004X
Exploring trapping problem on simplicial networks encoding higher-order
interactions
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  Authors: Junhao Guo, Zikai Wu
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Biological, social and man-made systems often harbor various types of higher-order interaction, whose presence may substantially impact the dynamics on these systems. As a special random walk, paradigmatic trapping problem is still scarcely explored on networks encoding higher-order interactions. In this paper, applying simplicial networks produced by edge corona product as test bed, we explore how the higher-order interaction impact trapping process. Specifically, an immobile trap is first deployed at an initial node of the networks and average trapping time (ATT) is derived analytically to measure trapping efficiency of standard weight-dependent random walk. Then, delayed random walk incorporating delay phenomenon into random walk process is introduced into the networks and closed form solution of ATT is still obtained for quantifying trapping efficiency. The obtained analytical solutions of ATT in both scenarios show that ATT grows sub-linearly with network size but its leading scaling is quantitatively dependent on the parameter specifying building block of networks. Besides, analytical expression of ATT obtained in the latter scenario shows that the parameter [math] manipulating delayed random walk does not affect the leading scaling of ATT but can quantitatively modify its prefactor. Therefore, introduction of delay phenomenon still can modulate trapping efficiency quantitatively in the presence of higher-order interaction. This work may pave the way for modulating trapping process and related dynamical processes on general networks modeling higher-order interactions.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500191
Spectral properties of a class of treelike networks generated by motifs
with single root node
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  Authors: Shiwei Bai, Min Niu
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, we introduce a class of treelike networks generated by motifs with single root node. We study the spectral properties of treelike networks by studying the behaviors of the corresponding adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix. First, we get the adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix of this treelike network. Then, we analyze symmetry of eigenvalues, multiplicity of eigenvalue [math] and prove that its largest eigenvalue is strictly monotonically increasing and convergent. Finally, we introduce a new method to prove that the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix is strictly monotonically increasing and convergent. Also, we obtain that its smallest nonzero eigenvalue is strictly monotonically decreasing and convergent.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500385
Whitham modulation theory and exotic wave patterns of the good
Jaulent–Miodek equation with step-like initial data
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  Authors: Ruizhi Gong, Deng-Shan Wang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The complete classification of solutions to the Riemann problem of the good Jaulent–Miodek equation is investigated by Whitham modulation theory. The one-phase and two-phase periodic wave solutions and the corresponding Whitham equations are derived based on the Lax pair of the good Jaulent–Miodek equation and the finite-gap integration method. In particular, the N-phase periodic wave solutions are proposed by algebro-geometric approach. Then the basic wave structures of rarefaction waves and DSWs are proposed analytically and graphically, which makes it possible to establish the classification of all the possible wave patterns evolving from initial discontinuities. The asymptotic results given by Whitham modulation theory are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations. Finally, a detailed description of the shallow-water dam break problem is demonstrated to find the possible physical significance of the wave patterns found in this work.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500397
The (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation in dusty plasma and its
analytical solutions
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  Authors: Liyang Xu, Xiaojun Yin, Rula Sa
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, a (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is studied from the governing equations of dusty plasma by means of multiscale analysis and reduced perturbation method. We utilize the generalized exponential rational function method to give various forms of analytical solutions with free parameters of the corresponding equation by using Mathematica software calculation. Then, appropriate parameter values are selected to draw the three-dimensional (3D) diagram and contour diagram of the analytic solutions. We also give the influence of these physical parameters on wave amplitude, waves profile, and stability of waves. The results show the generalized method is a reliable mathematical method to solve similar nonlinear equations in mathematical physics and these solutions can enrich the physical behavior of the equation in dusty plasma.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500403
Crossover from two- to one-dimensional Fickian diffusion in a
quasi-one-dimensional system
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  Authors: Alexander S. Balankin, M. A. Martínez-Cruz, E. Reyes de Luna
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this work, we study the effects of geometric confinement on random walks and diffusion processes in systems of reduced dimensionality. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations of Gaussian random walks were performed on rectangular strips of infinite length. A special emphasis is made on the crossover from two- to one-dimensional diffusion in the Fickian regime. We found that the crossover behavior is controlled by the ratio of the strip width to the standard deviation of the walker step length distribution. Specifically, the characteristic time of crossover behavior scales quadratically with this ratio. Furthermore, the time dependence of the number of effective spatial degrees of freedom of the random walker on the strip is found to obey an ansatz characterized by the universal power-law exponent. This allows us to formulate the diffusion equation with the time dependent number of effective spatial degrees of freedom in the quasi-one-dimensional system.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500415
On lattice confinement and hybrid fusion
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  Authors: R. Vilela Mendes
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Positive ions confined in a solid state lattice might be driven to low energy reactions by exploring, through quantum control, the 3-body wave function enhancements of the scar effect.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500427
Robust satellite antenna fingerprinting under degradation using recurrent
neural network
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  Authors: Song Qiu, Kalliopi Sava, Weisi Guo
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Antenna fingerprinting is critical for a range of physical-layer wireless security protocols to prevent eavesdropping. The fingerprinting process exploits manufacturing defects in the antenna that cause small imperfections in signal waveform, which are unique to each antenna and hence device identity. It is an established process for physical-layer wireless authentication with proven usage systems in terrestrial systems. The premise relies on accurate signal feature discovery from a large set of similar antennas and stable fingerprint patterns over the operational life of the antenna. However, in space, many low-cost satellite antennas suffer degradation from atomic oxygen (AO). This is particularly a problem for nano-satellites or impromptu temporary space antennas to establish an emergency link, both of which are designed to operate for a short time span and are currently not always afforded protective coating. Current antenna fingerprinting techniques only use Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to take a snap-shot fingerprint before degradation, and hence fail to capture temporal variations due to degradation. Here, we show how we can perform robust antenna fingerprinting (99.34% accuracy) for up to 198 days under intense AO degradation damage using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). We compare our RNN results with CNNs and SVM techniques using different signal features and for different Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite scenarios. We believe this initial research can be further improved and has real-world impact on physical-layer security of short-term nano-satellite antennas in space.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500439
An efficient resource allocation strategy for three-layer networks
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  Authors: Jinlong Ma, Jiaxin Ma, Zhichao Sun, Wanzhen Zhou
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Ranging from computer network to traffic network, complex networks are ubiquitous in our lives. How to control congestion to make network operate more effectively is one of the most essential issues in complex network research. At present, a large number of studies on traffic dynamics mainly focus on single-layer networks. However, in fact, many complex systems are coupled by multiple networks. In this paper, we propose a resource allocation strategy for three-layer network with which the limited total delivery capacity can be reasonably allocated to each node of physical layer based on the degree of nodes in two logical layers. Compared with the average allocation of delivery capacity, the traffic capacity is improved and the network has better transmission performance in average traveling time and average throughput with our strategy.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-22T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500440
Large-scale preparation of SCLNCM of lithium-ion batteries with an
improved continuous spray pyrolysis method
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  Authors: Yongfu Cui, Shanji Chen, Zhongli Wu, Juncai Sun
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Single-crystal precursor of hybrid oxides NiO–MnCo2O4–Ni6MnO8 (SCNCM) is synthesized via an improved continuous two-step spray pyrolysis system (CTSP). This kind of mixed oxide is to be regarded as an ideal precursor for the single-crystal Ni-rich Li[Ni[math]Co[math]Mn[math]]O2 cathode materials (SCLNCM). The new pilot plant (30 t/a), method, and chlorate in this work could extremely improve the lengthy process, reducing segregation of metal element, excessive sintering temperature, high water consumption, non-polluting, and production efficiency of the SCLNCM. The resulting SCLNCM powders have a type of fine particle size and porous structure with a typical [math]-NaFeO2 lamellar structure. It also has a type of better cyclic stability, safety, rate capability, crystallinity, and surface area than polycrystalline cathode materials. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 184 mAh/g at 0.1 C (18 mA/g) with a capacity retention of 91% after 100 cycles in the voltage window of 2.8–4.3 V.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420088
Friction and wear study on patterned bearing steel using a milling machine
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  Authors: Tae Hwan Jang, Jin Uk Gwon, Min Su Kim, Tae Gyu Kim, Mun Ki Bae
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Bearings, which are widely used in the industry, require high-energy efficiency and durability, and research toward frictional wear improvement is in progress. In this study, micropatterns were fabricated on the surface of an STB2 bearing steel. Three types of line-shaped micropatterns with intervals of 40, 80, and 150 [math]m were processed using a milling machine. In addition, the friction efficiency was assessed by measuring the friction coefficient of a bare sample with a diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin film, which has excellent friction efficiency. The friction wear efficiency was further analyzed by comparing the change in friction coefficient and the wear area as a function of the pattern interval. As a result of the wear test, the STB2 specimen to which the pattern was applied showed a difference in the friction coefficient according to the pattern pitch, and the lowest coefficient of friction was shown at 40 [math]m with the smallest pattern pitch, which confirmed that the distance between the pattern pitches affected the friction characteristics.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420106
Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by using thermally modified
clamshell
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  Authors: Ho Hong Quyen, Masashi Kurashina, Mikito Yasuzawa
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The removal of phosphate (PO[math] from an aqueous solution by clamshell treated by heat process was investigated through batch experiments. The effects of initial phosphate concentrations, pH value, and contact time on the phosphate removal were carried out. The phosphate adsorption isotherm was described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. As the result, the adsorption process correlated well to both models, and the theoretical maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 319.0 mg/g by the Langmuir isotherm model. The influence of pH was investigated from 5 to 10, and the value of pH had no significant effect on phosphate adsorption capacity. This finding indicated the application of calcined clamshell in the large range of pH for phosphate removal. The phosphate adsorption capacity and phosphate removal efficiency were obtained at 209.0 mg/g and 38.7% at the initial phosphate concentration of 540 ppm at 25[math]C for 24 h, respectively. The clamshell modified by heat treatment exhibited its substantial potential for fast and efficient phosphate removal in water and wastewater.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420118
Friction wear characteristics of a femtosecond laser-patterned amorphous
carbon thin film
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  Authors: Mun Ki Bae, Tae Hwan Jang, Min Su Kim, Jin Uk Gwon, Tae Gyu Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, an amorphous carbon thin film on a cemented carbide substrate was prepared with surface micropatterns using femtosecond laser machining. The micropatterns that were considered were made of lines, dotted lines, and zigzag dotted lines. We performed a tribology test using a ball-on-disk friction wear test and investigated the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear amount as a function of pattern size and shape. The micropattern made using femtosecond laser patterning exhibited better friction coefficient properties than the bare amorphous carbon samples. Moreover, the pattern size and shape influenced the friction coefficient value of the patterned samples. The dotted line pattern shape showed superior results in friction coefficient characteristics compared to those of other micropatterns.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420143
Toughening mechanisms and morphology of composite cylinders interleaved
with hybrid nanoparticles
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  Authors: Soo-Jeong Park, Ye-Rim Park, Yun-Hae Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Laminated carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have been applied to complex structures in various industries owing to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, the use of such plastics is limited because their through-thickness failure presents an important structural vulnerability. This study aimed to develop an epoxy characterized by excellent interlaminar toughness that could be applied to filament-wound CFRP cylinders. The epoxy was modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and the toughening effect of these nanomaterials on the CFRP composite was examined. The combination of CNTs and HNTs remarkably enhanced the interlaminar toughness of the epoxy and structurally improved the cohesiveness of individual nanoparticles, resulting in the partial reinforcement of the laminated structure of the CFRP. The reinforcements of the epoxy and interfacial bonding force between the epoxy and carbon fibers were also improved by the hybridization of small amounts of the CNTs and HNTs. In particular, the HNTs significantly improved the through-thickness characteristics of the CFRP by providing strong bridging effects. The interleaved CNT/HNT design developed in this work was suitable for application to hybrid-reinforced laminated CFRPs and may be considered a potential nanomaterial technology that could ensure the stable performance of CFRP-based structures against failure.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420179
Nitrogen-doping effect on single-crystal diamond synthesis by HFCVD
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  Authors: Min Su Kim, Tae Hwan Jang, Jin Uk Gwon, Tae Gyu Kim, Mun Ki Bae
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Nitrogen-doped homoepitaxial single-crystal diamond (SCD) films were grown on an SCD substrate by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) to confirm the potential that can yield high-quality single-crystal diamonds. The SCD films doped with 50 sccm nitrogen, grown by HFCVD, showed excellent surface properties based on optical microscopy, with a growth rate of 3.4 [math]m/h, and a Raman peak around 1332 cm[math] with a full width at maximum (FWHM) of 5.8 cm[math], indicating high crystallinity. The FWHM of the (004) peak in the rocking curve was 392 arcsec for the nitrogen-doped SCD film, and that of the SCD substrate was 489 arcsec. Therefore, the crystalline properties and growth rates of the SCD films grown in the HFCVD system were improved, and the effect of nitrogen doping was verified.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420192
Mg[math] pre-intercalated hydrated vanadium oxide as high-performance
cathode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
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  Authors: Yehong Du, Yan Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Juncai Sun
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have shown great potential in large-scale energy storage systems due to their economic efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, cathodes for aqueous ZIBs are affected by the slow Zn[math] diffusion kinetics and limited capacity. Herein, Mg[math]V2O[math]H2O (MgVO) nanobelt cathode with a large interlayer spacing of 13.0 Å is prepared via a one-step hydrothermal approach. Furthermore, the pre-intercalated Mg[math] can stabilize the crystal structure and prevent Zn[math] from being trapped in the lattice. As a result, MgVO cathode delivers a high capacity of 386 mAh g[math] at 0.1 A g[math], and impressive long-term cycling stability with a capacity retention of 91% after 1500 cycles at 5 A g[math]. Moreover, the Zn/[math]/MgVO battery can provide a high-energy density of 269 W h kg[math] at 0.1 A g[math] and a high-power density of 2701 W kg[math] at 5 A g[math]. The simple preparation and low cost make this cathode show great potential in the applications of large-scale energy storage.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420234
Release characteristics of a high-hardness DLC coating on an aspherical
glass lens mold
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  Authors: Jeong Wan Kim, Tae Gyu Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, we investigated the changes in the shape precision of a diamond-like carbon (DLC)-coated surface of an aspherical glass lens mold. The press molding process of the experiment involved placing a bulk material made of glass in an ultra-precision mold and applying cylinder pressure at a high temperature. Thermally stable tungsten carbide was used as the mold material. DTM grinding with a resolution of 0.1 [math]m was performed to precisely process the tungsten carbide aspherical lens mold. HiPIMS–DLC and ta-C DLC coatings having excellent anti-stiction and hardness were applied on the polished mold. The hardness of the thin film was measured using nanoindentation. For the composition of the DLC, the [math]/[math] peak values were detected through Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the friction coefficient of the DLC thin film was measured using a tribology tester, and the friction coefficients of HiPIMS–DLC and ta-C were 0.018 and 0.014. Using FTS measurements, we confirmed that the precision of the aspherical lens shape (Peak to Valley) of the aspherical lens was 1.5 [math]m and 0.5 [math]m, respectively.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420246
Mechanical performance according to fiber lamination pattern for radar
mast application
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  Authors: Chang Wook Park, Yun Hae Kim, Sung Won Yoon
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  As the IMO has strengthened its environmental regulations to increase the energy efficiency of ships, the IMO has also begun to consider operational economics such as reducing energy consumption by reducing the weights of ships and their parts. This study conducts an analysis examining the application of a ship radar mast. The applicability of the laminated composite material was analyzed through tension, shear, compressive, and tension-tension fatigue tests and the FRP fatigue limit for one million cycles by the slope of the [math]–[math] curve was found to be about 231 MPa. It is expected that this method can be utilized in the design stage by predicting the fatigue life of radar masts for ships through fatigue testing.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492242026X
Environment-friendly synthesis of tin encapsulated within cotton-like
carbon as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
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  Authors: Qian Wang, Qingbin An, Song Li, Xinyu Wang, Shijun Ji, Juncai Sun
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this work, we prepare Sn@NC (N-doped cotton-like carbon) materials using a fast method based on high-energy ball milling and subsequent heat treatments. The effects of milling time and heat treatment on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of the obtained powder are investigated. Compared with other electrodes, the sample milled for 90 min exhibited superior cycle stability, with a high capacity of 1207.9 mAh g[math] over 100 cycles. In addition, at a current density of 500 mA g[math], the electrode exhibited a capacity of 894.7 mAh g[math] after 100 cycles.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420295
Optimization of HNT nanoparticle distribution based on EPD process in
epoxy–CFRP composites
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  Authors: Se-Yoon Kim, Soo-Jeong Park, Yun-Hae Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  There are numerous methods for reinforcing laminate composites using nanoadditives. However, the random dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer resins leads to critical defects owing to excessive dispersion. This study investigated a method of depositing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on a carbon fabric surface via electrophoresis deposition (EPD) for reinforcing the through-thickness strength of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. The voltage during the EPD process was set as 6–12 V, which is the working range for nanoparticles during EPD. In addition, CFRPs were fabricated from modified carbon fabrics using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The optimum voltage was determined as 6 V. At higher voltages, the mechanical properties deteriorated owing to the distribution of HNTs and damage to the fibers. The performance of the EPD-modified CFRPs was better than that of neat CFRPs. The highest strength was observed at 0.7 wt.% HNTs and 6 V, which indicated the feasibility of the EPD process and a well-dispersed morphology. The strong interaction of HNTs with carbon fabric influences the through-thickness mechanical properties of CFRP composites.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420398
Rock-salt-type lithium–titanium oxynitride as anode material for
Li-Ion secondary batteries
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  Authors: Yusuke Mizuta, Kohei Shizukawa, Rie Takahara, Kei-Ichiro Murai, Toshihiro Moriga
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  We synthesized rock-salt-type Li–Ti oxynitride (LiTi[math]O[math]N[math], [math], 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2) using solid-phase reaction. The best charge/discharge characteristics were obtained with a Ti/Li ratio of 1.25, and the maximum discharge capacity was 140 mAh/g.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420428
Production of H2S gas sensor by a facile fabrication of Au-decorated ZnO
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  Authors: Rodiawan, Sheng-Chang Wang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  H2S is a gas that can cause poisoning with a composition starting from 2.5 ppm. This study investigated the ability of gas sensors to detect H2S gas at below 1 ppm. The primary material used for the gas sensor was ZnO. To increase sensor response, Au was used as a decorated metal. These materials were dissolved using deionized water with ultrasonication and were deposited by solution deposition method onto the Pt electrode. Powder and film characterizations were made using XRD, SEM, and TEM. The characterization results show high crystallinity of the annealed ZnO. The coating material shows a highly porous interconnected structure that can absorb gas quickly. There are Au spots attached to the ZnO particles, which are spherical and homogeneous. Based on these results, the device sensor can detect H2S gas with a high sensing response even at low gas concentration.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420441
Investigation of the growth of Na[math]-Doped ZnO nanorods using
hydrothermal method and their photoluminescence properties
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  Authors: Wei-Ling Hsu, Yi-Jheng Chang, Jia-En Li, Cheng-Fu Yang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Na[math]-doped ZnO nanowires with different concentrations of Na[math] ions under different synthesis temperatures. First, ZnO films with a thickness of about 300 nm were deposited on glass substrates as a seed layer, and C6H[math]N4, Na(NO[math]H2O, and Zn(NO[math]H2O were used as source materials to grow the Na[math]-doped ZnO nanowires using different Na[math] concentrations and under different synthesis temperatures. After the Na[math]-doped ZnO nanowires were synthesized, their XRD patterns were obtained to analyze their crystal phases. FESEM observations were used to observe the synthesized morphologies, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to show the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) emission properties of the Na[math]-doped ZnO nanowires. We showed that Na[math] precursor concentrations and synthesis temperatures had considerable effects on the crystal phase, surface morphologies, and PL emission and PLE properties of the Na[math]-doped ZnO nanowires.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420453
Design and optimization of [math] and [math] [math]-shaped beam splitters
in GaSb-based 2D photonic crystals
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  Authors: Jianxin Zhang, Jianhua Yuan
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, we investigate the structural design of beam splitters with high total transmission efficiency in the two-dimensional (2D) GaSb (Gallium Antimonide)-based photonic crystals, and several optimal structures for [math] and [math] Y-shaped beam splitters have been provided. Using our proposed alternating iteration algorithm, by introducing several microstructures in the bend and Y-shaped junction areas to achieve topology optimization, the design of Y-shaped beam splitters with high total transmission efficiency at 1550 nm makes great progress. The splitter structures are designed on 2D GaSb-based photonic crystals with a triangular lattice of air holes immersed in the GaSb. All designs are simulated numerically and analyzed by using the finite element method. The optimized structures of [math] Y-shaped beam splitters show that our optimization technique is efficient and simple. And the total transmission efficiencies both over [math] at output ports are obtained, which indicates that our method is relatively efficient to other methods in some related reports.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500099
Magnetohydrodynamic migration of nanomaterial within a cavity with
involvement of hybrid nanoparticles
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  Authors: Bandar Almohsen
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  To examine the hybrid nanomaterial transportation within a permeable region, a numerical approach was applied. The permeable domain was filled with a mixture of water with hybrid nanomaterial (Fe3O[math] MWCNT). The wavy below wall experiences uniform flux but the top circular wall maintains at cold temperature. Magnetic field in [math]-direction was applied and non-Darcy formulation was applied for applying permeability effect. Gravity forces help the transportation of hybrid nanomaterial and magnetic forces reduce the speed of nanomaterial. Imposing nanomaterial can decline the irreversibility. For simulation of equations, CVFEM was applied and Bejan and Nu numbers were calculated. Verification test depicts the nice agreement and contours for irreversibility have been presented. By imposing Ha, the Be augments about 4.36% while Nu declines around 13.32%. By selecting greater Da, the Nu intensifies around 8.95% while Be declines about 4.35%. Nu elevates around 93.78% with an augment of Ra while Be drops around 52.75%.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500269
Bernoulli [math]-expansion method for nonlinear Schrödinger equation with
third-order dispersion
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  Authors: Yongyi Gu, Najva Aminakbari
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with third-order dispersion in constant potential are achieved. This equation plays an important role in mathematical physics such as nonlinear optics. To deal with the mentioned equation, Bernoulli [math]-expansion method has been proposed by exerting some transformation and using homogenous balance. On the other hand, [math]-expansion method has also been used to obtain the addition results and find out the differences between the proposed method and the applied method. As a result of this study, the solutions of these two methods are expressed by hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric function solutions. To have acceptable concept of dynamic structures of begotten results and find relation between these solutions and certain parameters, some figures are illustrated when the potential is taken as different values, which show us bright soliton and periodic wave. To complete our study, the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with third-order dispersion are also established.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500282
Field-assisted Al[math]Ga[math]N nanowire array cathode
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  Authors: Lei Liu, Feifei Lu, Jian Tian, Xingyue Zhangyang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this paper, the models of the Al[math]Ga[math]N nanowire array (NWA) are established through the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). The results show that the best resonance-enhanced light absorption is obtained at [math] nm, [math] nm and [math] nm array structures, and the maximum can be close to 99% at a resonance wavelength of approximately 235 nm. With the external field, the peak collection efficiency rises to 32.75%.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-19T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500312
Syntheses of D-glucamine and N-methyl-D-glucamine modified chitosan for
boron adsorption
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  Authors: Masashi Kurashina, Haoyuan Li, Keita Shiba, Yuta Morishita, Kazuki Shibata, Mikito Yasuzawa, Ho Hong Quyen
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Two types of biodegradable chitosan-base boron adsorbents were synthesized by introducing D-glucamine and [math]-methyl-D-glucamine functional groups. Structural analysis was carried out using 1H-NMR. The maximum boron adsorption values were 3.5 mg g[math] (equilibrium concentration, [math] ppm), and 7.3 mg g[math] ([math] ppm) for D-glucamine and [math]-methyl-D-glucamine type chitosan adsorbents, respectively. The obtained boron adsorption capacity of [math]-methyl-D-glucamine modified chitosan was found to be 7.3 mg g[math] ([math] ppm) higher than that of the boron absorbent Amberlite IRA743. Thus, the biodegradable [math]-methyl-D-glucamine-modified chitosan synthesized in this study is expected to be useful as a commercial product.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-09T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420015
Numerical prediction of thermal stress–strain behavior on the
wire-directed energy deposition additive manufacturing for automotive
component
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  Authors: Jin-Woo Lee, Soo-Jeong Park, Yun-Hae Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Wire-directed energy deposition (wire-DED) is used to create a shape in a layer-by-layer manner by depositing a consumable welding wire, where a welding arc is the source of heat. This technology can be used to fabricate large components with higher deposition rates compared to other 3D metal printing methods. Despite these benefits, the components of wire-DED are affected by heat distortion and residual stress. Therefore, the prediction of deformation before fabrication using wire-DED is essential for determining the range of machining for the final products. In this study, the deformation and time required were evaluated using various simulation models of wire-DED.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-09T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420040
Photocatalytic performance under visible light of WS2/TiO2/Au synthesized
by hydrothermal method
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  Authors: Kejun Wu, Pankaj Koinkar, Akihiro Furube
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material WS2 and Au nanoparticles were combined with TiO2 to enhance the photocatalytic performance under visible light. The WS2 nanosheets were synthesized from bulk WS2 via ultrasonic process, and the Au nanoparticles were prepared through the reduction reaction from HAuCl4. The composite photocatalysts of WS2/TiO2/Au, TiO2/Au, and WS2/TiO2 were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process. The light absorption property of the composites was determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) photospectroscopy. Surface analysis of WS2 nanosheet, TiO2 nanoparticles, and Au nanoparticles was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical structure of composites and thickness of WS2 nanosheets were analyzed by Raman spectra. The photocatalytic activity was measured by methylene blue degradation reaction under visible light. These results revealed the photocatalytic behavior of WS2/TiO2/Au, TiO2/Au, and WS2/TiO2 composites, as well as WS2 nanosheets. The WS2/TiO2/Au composite showed improved photocatalytic behavior among all samples. It is believed that the WS2 nanosheet and Au nanoparticle extend the light absorption range from UV region to the visible region, as well as the WS2/TiO2/Au composite reduces the recombination of electrons. This study shows that the enhanced photocatalytic behavior of WS2/TiO2/Au composite can be used as photocatalytic applications in the future.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-09T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420258
High-temperature adhesive properties of CF/PEKK composites applied fusion
bonding and adhesive bonding
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  Authors: Seong-Jae Park, Ye-Rim Park, Soo-Jeong Park, Yun-Hae Kim
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The chemical bonding of substrate and adhesive occurs in thermoplastic adhesive bonding, and the molecular deformation caused by the difference in chemical bonding affects the adhesive properties. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the correlation between the molecular deformation of interphase and the strength change behavior. As adhesive bonding involves the combination of two materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion, it is important to analyze the behavior at high temperatures. Therefore, to determine the effects of the molecular deformation of the interphase caused by differences in the adhesive type on the high-temperature performance when adhesive bonding is applied to thermoplastic composites, fusion and adhesive bonding were applied to carbon fiber/polyetherketoneketone thermoplastic composites. The lap shear strength test was conducted at three different temperatures to evaluate the adhesive performances. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the fracture mode and the molecular deformation of the interphase was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Temperature does not affect the strength of fusion bonded composites. When polyetheretherketone is used as an adhesive, the strength decreases as the temperature increases. When polyetherimide is used as an adhesive, the strength first increases at [math]C and then decreases at [math]C. The amount of C–O–C and C=C bond formation, diphenyl ketone group, and imide carbonyl group in the interphase followed the same trend as the strength.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-09T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420337
Identification of critical stations in multilayer railway networks based
on evidence theory
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  Authors: Junfeng Ma, Shan Ma, Wenfeng Hu, Tao Peng, Weihua Gui
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Multilayer networks have received considerable attention because a network with one layer cannot be used to describe a complex system with multiple relationships inside it. In this paper, we encapsulate the high-speed railway network into dynamic multilayer infrastructures based on the information of train operations and the railway network topology constrained by geographic factors. In our multilayer railway network, each station defines a node and each train route defines a layer. In order to identify key stations in a multilayer network, we first propose some performance metrics to evaluate the importance of stations. Then, an information fusion method based on the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is introduced. Through this method, the importance of each node in different layers can be fused, and the results of fusion are used to determine the importance of the stations in the whole multilayer network. Finally, some numerical experiments are discussed to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method. The results developed in this study could provide guidance for improving traffic managements under emergencies.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-09T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922500270
Micro/nano blocks of Ni/MnO composites synthesized by microwave-assisted
solvothermal for supercapacitors
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  Authors: Chang Gao, Heping Huang, Shusen Wang, Guogang Yang, Naibao Huang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The micro/nano blocks of Ni/MnO composites were synthesized by a facile microwave-assisted solvothermal method. The results indicated that the morphology changed from irregular block to polyhedron and then to the sphere with the increase of ethylene glycol (EG) ratio in the solvent. The results indicated the specific capacitance of the obtained material increased as the EG ratio increased, but when the EG ratio exceeded 60%, the change of specific capacitance was not obvious (less than 5%). For the Ni/MnO material synthesized in pure EG, its specific capacitance reached 860 F/g at 1 A/g and the capacitance retention maintained 58% after 6500 cycles. The micro/nano structure of Ni/MnO material formed in EG solvent increased the surface area and provided more transfer channels for the electrolyte ion, which were all beneficial to improve the electrochemical properties. The high capacitance and good cycle stability especially after a period of cycles demonstrated the obtained Ni/MnO materials had a potential application for the supercapacitor electrode material.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420039
Optimization of optoelectronic performance of ITO/AG/ITO electrodes by
using taguchi method and spectroscopic ellipsometry technique
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  Authors: Manikandan Rajendran, Ci-En Huang, Keh-Moh Lin
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, a sandwich-structured electrode composed of indium tin oxide (ITO)/metal silver layer/ITO was prepared by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. We used the Taguchi method and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) analysis to optimize the geometrical structures of the electrodes and the sputtering power for the silver layer. While the Taguchi method allows us to rapidly optimize the manufacturing parameters, SE analysis enables us to precisely evaluate the thickness of each layer of the electrodes, so that the whole optimization process is more precise and effective. When the silver layers of different samples are sputtered under the same conditions, the difference in their thickness is often [math] nm. Thus, it is difficult to understand the influences of the manufacturing parameters on the optoelectronic performance of the electrodes. Experimental results show that the thickness of the silver layer was the main factor affecting the transmittance and sheet resistance of the electrodes. However, the decisive factors for the Haacke index in the visible light range were the thickness of the bottom ITO film. Nonetheless, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of some factors are quite close. Thus, further analyses are needed to understand this phenomenon. After optimization, the Haacke index is [math], which is better than the 19.45 of the best sample, suggesting that this experiment has improved the optoelectronic properties of the electrode.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S021798492242009X
Using urea to improve the ORR performance of N-, P-, and S-ternary-doped
porous carbon derived from biomass
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  Authors: Jun-Jie Zhang, Yin Sun, Li-Kui Guo, Sen Liu, Nai-Bao Huang, Xian-Nian Sun
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Although biomass-derived metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have garnered increasing attention, their ORR performance is lower than that of commercial 20% Pt/C. To improve their ORR performance, a series of porous carbons with high [math] contents are prepared by pyrolyzing a mixture of spinach leaf powder and urea at different mass ratios (1:0, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15) at a high temperature; the resultant materials are labeled as S-850, S-850-5, S-850-10, and S-850-15, respectively. The results indicate that the [math] contents in the as-synthesized S-850, S-850-5, S-850-10, and S-850-15 products are 5.43, 5.74, 5.93, and 5.93 at%, respectively, which gradually increase with increasing urea contents, while the [math] and [math] contents (0.7 and 0.3 at%, respectively) show no change. Among all the as-synthesized products, the sample obtained by the addition of 10 wt.% urea (S-850-10) exhibits the best ORR catalytic performance in an O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution with a half-potential of 0.748 V and a diffusion-limited current density of −4.76 mA cm[math] at 0.4 V. The half-potential and diffusion-limited current density of S-850-10 are improved by 0.53% and 8.61% compared to those of S-850 (0.744 V and −4.35 mA cm[math] at 0.4 V, respectively). These findings indicate that urea can be used as an [math] resource to increase the [math] content of biomass-derived metal-free porous carbon, enhancing its ORR performance.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420180
Synthesis and characterization of negative thermal expansion of the
Zr2(WO4)(PO4)2 system
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  Authors: Kei-Ichiro Murai, Toshihiro Moriga, Masaru Takahashi, Tetsuta Koizumi, Norimasa Inoue
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In this study, Ti- and Mo-substituted Zr2(WO[math](PO[math] were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction technique. Coefficients of thermal expansions for samples were calculated by the results from the in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction method. Doping with Ti[math] reduces the voids occupied by the thermal vibration ellipsoid perpendicular to the bond axis. On the other hand, by doping Mo[math], which has a smaller binding energy with oxygen atoms, thermal vibration in the direction of the bond axis is promoted. It is considered that the average linear thermal expansion coefficient became zero because the elliptical thermal vibration perpendicular to the coupling axis was suppressed by the synergistic effect of the co-doping of Ti and Mo.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420210
Effect of different stacking orders of Ta2O5 and SiO2 films on the
reflective properties of a blue distributed Bragg reflector
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  Authors: Chien-Erh Weng, Cheng-Fu Yang, Yu-Ting Chen
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The Ta2O5 and SiO2 single-layer films were deposited on the glass substrates to measure their refractive properties under different optical wavelengths. After that, the Ta2O5 and SiO2 films were used as high and low refractive index materials to design the blue distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with different periods. The approximate formula proposed by Sheppard was used to calculate the maximum reflectance ratio of the bi-layer SiO–Ta2O5 DBRs with two, four, six, and eight periods. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the reflective spectra of the SiO2–Ta2O5 DBRs with different stacking orders and periods by incorporating the refractive indexes of the Ta2O5 and SiO2 films at a wavelength of 550 nm. The SiO2–Ta2O5 DBRs with different periods were fabricated by depositing the Ta2O5 and SiO2 films on glass substrates, and their reflective properties were measured. We compared the measured reflective spectra of the fabricated SiO2–Ta2O5 DBRs with the simulated reflective spectra to show the effect of the different stacking orders.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420222
Investigation on the fluorescent efficiency of ZN2SiO4:Mn synthesized by
repeated solid-state sintering
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  Authors: Min Yen Yeh, Chih Cheng Tu, Shun Hsyung Chang, Shiow Yueh Lee
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  Zinc silicate was successfully synthesized by solid-state sintering at the temperature no less than [math]C. Co-existing ZnO phase was observed as adopting the stoichiometry reactant ratio 2:1 of ZnO:SiO2. Single-phase [math]-Zn2SiO4 (willemite structure) was obtained by adjusting the ZnO:SiO2 ratio to 1:1. Prolonging sintering time has helped to increase the fluorescence efficiency and what is more, repeated solid-state sintering process is found to have further improved fluorescence of Zn2SiO4:Mn.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420349
Analog resistive-switching property of Ni/TiO[math]/W structure
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  Authors: Chih-Yi Liu, Shih-Kun Liu, Chung-Chia Huang, Chao-Cheng Lin, Chun-Hung Lai
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  A radio-frequency magnetron sputter was used to deposit a 60 nm TiO[math] film on a W-coated Si substrate at room temperature. Subsequently, a 100 nm Ni film was deposited using a thermal evaporator to form a Ni/TiO[math]/W structure. Numerous oxygen vacancies and defects were present in the TiO[math] film. The current–voltage characteristics indicate that Schottky emission dominated the conduction mechanism of the Ni/TiO[math]/W structure. Because of Schottky barrier modulation, analog resistive switching of the Ni/TiO[math]/W structure can be performed using consecutive voltage sweepings or voltage pulses. Various pulse waveforms were used to demonstrate synaptic potentiation and depression.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420386
Research on the performance of carbon film formed on thin stainless steel
bipolar plates of PEMFC by laser irradiating
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  Authors: Heping Huang, Chang Gao, Guogang Yang, Naibao Huang
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  In order to improve the anti-corrosion performance of thin stainless steel bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the carbon film (of about 0.82-[math]m thickness) was fabricated on the thin stainless steel by laser direct writing technology irradiating the formed dense polydopamine (PDA) film. The results indicated that the PDA film has partially transformed into nanocrystalline graphite. Laser power and scanning speed had great effect on the anti-corrosion performance of the final obtained film in simulated PEMFC environment. When the laser power is 3.5 W and the scanning speed is 10 mm/s, the film obtained on the thin stainless steel has the best electrochemical performance in simulated PEMFC environment. Its corrosion current densities were [math]A[math]cm[math]@ −0.1 V (versus SCE) and [math]A[math]cm[math]@ 0.6 V (versus SCE) in simulated anode and cathode environments, respectively. Compared with the bare thin stainless steel, the corresponding corrosion current densities decreased by 45% and 62%. The results obtained in this text provide a novel strategy for modifying PEMFC thin metal bipolar plates.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-04-01T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420416
Creation of three dimensional octahedral tin oxide nanostructure produced
by laser ablation in liquid
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  Authors: Daichi Nakayama, Pankaj Koinkar, Tetsuro Katayama, Akihiro Furube
  Abstract: Modern Physics Letters B, Ahead of Print.
  The laser ablation in liquid is a simple, easy, and less hazardous method available to create nanoparticles without chemical additives. In this paper, nanosecond laser ablation was conducted in various aqueous solvents to create tin oxide (SnO[math] nanoparticles from bulk SnO powder. After the laser ablation at 532 nm wavelength, the prepared samples were examined by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). UV–visible spectra showed that the significantly different absorption characteristics of nanoparticles are dependent on the original SnO amount in the solvent. The SEM observation clearly showed the creation of SnO2 nanoparticles of about 10–20 nm in size with irregular shapes, which were found to be secondary nanoparticles from the TEM images. Interestingly, a three-dimensional octahedral structure with a size of 220–300 nm having the surface made of aggregates of fine nanoparticles was confirmed by TEM analysis. From the EDS spectra, it was clarified that the octahedral agglomeration is made from tin and oxygen, and the electron diffraction image confirmed the formation of the SnO2 crystalline phase.
  Citation: Modern Physics Letters B
  PubDate: 2022-03-31T07:00:00Z
  DOI: 10.1142/S0217984922420027