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Frontiers of Physics
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.647  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 2  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 2095-0462 - ISSN (Online) 2095-0470 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2469 journals]
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- Efficient scheme for realizing a multiplex-controlled phase gate with
photonic qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics-
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Abstract: Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to implement a multiplex-controlled phase gate with multiple photonic qubits simultaneously controlling one target photonic qubit based on circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED). For convenience, we denote this multiqubit gate as MCP gate. The gate is realized by using a two-level coupler to couple multiple cavities. The coupler here is a superconducting qubit. This scheme is simple because the gate implementation requires only one step of operation. In addition, this scheme is quite general because the two logic states of each photonic qubit can be encoded with a vacuum state and an arbitrary non-vacuum state ∣φ〉 (e.g., a Fock state, a superposition of Fock states, a cat state, or a coherent state, etc.) which is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the vacuum state. The scheme has some additional advantages: because only two levels of the coupler are used, i.e., no auxiliary levels are utilized, decoherence from higher energy levels of the coupler is avoided; the gate operation time does not depend on the number of qubits; and the gate is implemented deterministically because no measurement is applied. As an example, we numerically analyze the circuit-QED based experimental feasibility of implementing a three-qubit MCP gate with photonic qubits each encoded via a vacuum state and a cat state. The scheme can be applied to accomplish the same task in a wide range of physical system, which consists of multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a two-level coupler such as a natural or artificial atom.
PubDate: 2022-05-02
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- Lattice Boltzmann study of three-dimensional immiscible Rayleigh—Taylor
instability in turbulent mixing stage-
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we numerically studied the late-time evolutional mechanism of three-dimensional (3D) single-mode immiscible Rayleigh—Taylor instability (RTI) by using an improved lattice Boltzmann multiphase method implemented on graphics processing units. The influences of extensive dimensionless Reynolds numbers and Atwood numbers on phase interfacial dynamics, spike and bubble growth were investigated in details. The longtime numerical experiments indicate that the development of 3D singlemode RTI with a high Reynolds number can be summarized into four different stages: linear growth stage, saturated velocity growth stage, reacceleration stage and turbulent mixing stage. A series of complex interfacial structures with large topological changes can be observed at the turbulent mixing stage, which always preserve the symmetries with respect to the middle axis for a low Atwood number, and the lines of symmetry within spike and bubble are broken as the Atwood number is increased. Five statistical methods for computing the spike and bubble growth rates were then analyzed to reveal the growth law of 3D single-mode RTI in turbulent mixing stage. It is found that the spike late-time growth rate shows an overall increase with the Atwood number, while the bubble growth rate experiences a slight decrease with the Atwood number at first and then basically maintains a steady value of around 0.1. When the Reynolds number decreases, the later stages cannot be reached gradually and the evolution of phase interface presents a laminar flow state.
PubDate: 2022-05-02
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- Quantum entanglement in the Sachdev—Ye—Kitaev model and its
generalizations-
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Abstract: Abstract Entanglement is one of the most important concepts in quantum physics. We review recent progress in understanding the quantum entanglement in many-body systems using large-N solvable models: the Sachdev—Ye—Kitaev (SYK) model and its generalizations. We present the study of entanglement entropy in the original SYK model using three different approaches: the exact diagonalization, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and the path-integral representation. For coupled SYK models, the entanglement entropy shows linear growth and saturation at the thermal value. The saturation is related to replica wormholes in gravity. Finally, we consider the steady-state entanglement entropy of quantum many-body systems under repeated measurements. The traditional symmetry breaking in the enlarged replica space leads to the measurement-induced entanglement phase transition.
PubDate: 2022-04-26
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- Understanding the mechanisms of brain functions from the angle of
synchronization and complex network-
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Abstract: Abstract The human brain is the most complicated and fascinated system and executes various important brain functions, but its underlying mechanism is a long-standing problem. In recent years, based on the progress of complex network science, much attention has been paid to this problem and many important results have been achieved, thus it is the time to make a summary to help further studies. For this purpose, we here make a brief but comprehensive review on those results from the aspect of brain networks, i.e., from the angle of synchronization and complex network. First, we briefly discuss the main features of human brain and its cognitive functions through synchronization. Then, we discuss how to construct both the anatomical and functional brain networks, including the pathological brain networks such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s diseases. Next, we discuss the approaches of studying brain networks. After that, we discuss the current progress of understanding the mechanisms of brain functions, including the aspects of chimera state, remote synchronization, explosive synchronization, intelligence quotient, and remote propagation. Finally, we make a brief discussion on the envision of future study.
PubDate: 2022-04-25
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- Galactic cosmic ray propagation: sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino
emission-
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Abstract: Abstract The Tibet ASγ experiment just reported their measurement of sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic disk, with the highest energy up to 957 TeV. These diffuse gamma rays are most likely the hadronic origin by cosmic ray (CR) interaction with interstellar gas in the galaxy. This measurement provides direct evidence to the hypothesis that the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) can be accelerated beyond PeV energies. In this work, we try to explain the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray spectrum with different CR propagation models. We find that there is a tension between the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray and the local CR spectrum. To describe the sub-PeV diffuse gamma-ray flux, it generally requires larger local CR flux than measurement in the knee region. We further calculate the PeV neutrino flux from the CR propagation model. Even all of these sub-PeV diffuse gamma rays originate from the propagation, the Galactic Neutrinos (GNs) only account for less than ∼ 15% of observed flux, most of which are still from extragalactic sources.
PubDate: 2022-04-18
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- Unveiling the mechanism of non-conventional superconductivity through
material genome engineering-
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PubDate: 2022-04-05
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- The reservoir learning power across quantum many-body localization
transition-
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Abstract: Abstract Harnessing the quantum computation power of the present noisy-intermediate-size-quantum devices has received tremendous interest in the last few years. Here we study the learning power of a one-dimensional long-range randomly-coupled quantum spin chain, within the framework of reservoir computing. In time sequence learning tasks, we find the system in the quantum many-body localized (MBL) phase holds long-term memory, which can be attributed to the emergent local integrals of motion. On the other hand, MBL phase does not provide sufficient nonlinearity in learning highly-nonlinear time sequences, which we show in a parity check task. This is reversed in the quantum ergodic phase, which provides sufficient nonlinearity but compromises memory capacity. In a complex learning task of Mackey—Glass prediction that requires both sufficient memory capacity and nonlinearity, we find optimal learning performance near the MBL-to-ergodic transition. This leads to a guiding principle of quantum reservoir engineering at the edge of quantum ergodicity reaching optimal learning power for generic complex reservoir learning tasks. Our theoretical finding can be tested with near-term NISQ quantum devices.
PubDate: 2022-04-05
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- A polarization-sensitive, self-powered, broadband and fast Ti3C2Tx MXene
photodetector from visible to near-infrared driven by photogalvanic
effects-
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Abstract: Abstract Broadband, self-power, and polarization-sensitivity are desirable qualities for a photodetector. However, currently few photodetectors can fulfill these requirements simultaneously. Here, we propose a Ti3C2Tx (MXene) photodetector that is driven by the photogalvanic effect with impressive performances. A polarization-sensitive photocurrent is generated at zero bias under the illumination of linearly polarized laser light of 1064 nm, with an extinction ratio of 1.11. Meanwhile, a fast response with a 32/28 ms rise/decay time and a large on/off switching ratio of 120 are achieved. Besides, a robust zero-bias photocurrent is also generated in the photodetector under the illumination of 940 and 620 nm light, as well as the white light, showing a broadband photoresponse from the near-infrared to visible. Moreover, quantum transport simulations indicate that the photogalvanic effect plays an important role in the generation of the polarized photocurrent at zero bias due to the broken space inversion symmetry of the stacked few-layer Ti3C2Tx. Our results shed light on a potential application of the Ti3C2Tx—MXene in the low-power photodetection with high performances.
PubDate: 2022-04-01
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- Vector valley Hall edge solitons in the photonic lattice with type-II
Dirac cones-
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Abstract: Abstract Topological edge solitons represent a significant research topic in the nonlinear topological photonics. They maintain their profiles during propagation, due to the joint action of lattice potential and nonlinearity, and at the same time are immune to defects or disorders, thanks to the topological protection. In the past few years topological edge solitons were reported in systems composed of helical waveguide arrays, in which the time-reversal symmetry is effectively broken. Very recently, topological valley Hall edge solitons have been demonstrated in straight waveguide arrays with the time-reversal symmetry preserved. However, these were scalar solitary structures. Here, for the first time, we report vector valley Hall edge solitons in straight waveguide arrays arranged according to the photonic lattice with innate type-II Dirac cones, which is different from the traditional photonic lattices with type-I Dirac cones such as honeycomb lattice. This comes about because the valley Hall edge state can possess both negative and positive dispersions, which allows the mixing of two different edge states into a vector soliton. Our results not only provide a novel avenue for manipulating topological edge states in the nonlinear regime, but also enlighten relevant research based on the lattices with type-II Dirac cones.
PubDate: 2022-04-01
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- Reconstructing unknown quantum states using variational layerwise method
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Abstract: Abstract In order to gain comprehensive knowledge of an arbitrary unknown quantum state, one feasible way is to reconstruct it, which can be realized by finding a series of quantum operations that can refactor the unitary evolution producing the unknown state. We design an adaptive framework that can reconstruct unknown quantum states at high fidelities, which utilizes SWAP test, parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) and layerwise learning strategy. We conduct benchmarking on the framework using numerical simulations and reproduce states of up to six qubits at more than 96% overlaps with original states on average using PQCs trained by our framework, revealing its high applicability to quantum systems of different scales theoretically. Moreover, we perform experiments on a five-qubit IBM Quantum hardware to reconstruct random unknown single qubit states, illustrating the practical performance of our framework. For a certain reconstructing fidelity, our method can effectively construct a PQC of suitable length, avoiding barren plateaus of shadow circuits and overuse of quantum resources by deep circuits, which is of much significance when the scale of the target state is large and there is no a priori information on it. This advantage indicates that it can learn credible information of unknown states with limited quantum resources, giving a boost to quantum algorithms based on parameterized circuits on near-term quantum processors.
PubDate: 2022-04-01
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- Detecting a single atom in a cavity using the χ(2) nonlinear medium
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Abstract: Abstract We propose a protocol for detecting a single atom in a cavity with the help of the χ(2) nonlinear medium. When the χ(2) nonlinear medium is driven by an external laser field, the cavity mode will be squeezed, and thus one can obtain an exponentially enhanced light-matter coupling. Such a strong coupling between the atom and the cavity field can significantly change the output photon flux, the quantum fluctuations, the quantum statistical property, and the photon number distributions of the cavity field. This provides practical strategies to determine the presence or absence of an atom in a cavity. The proposed protocol exhibits some advantages, such as controllable squeezing strength and exponential increase of atom-cavity coupling strength, which make the experimental phenomenon more obvious. We hope that this protocol can supplement the existing intracavity single-atom detection protocols and provide a promise for quantum sensing in different quantum systems.
PubDate: 2022-04-01
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- Identify real gravitational wave events in the LIGO-Virgo catalog GWTC-1
and GWTC-2 with convolutional neural network-
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Abstract: Abstract In recent years, machine learning models have been introduced into the field of gravitational wave (GW) data processing. In this paper, we apply the convolutional neural network (CNN) to LIGO O1, O2, O3a data analysis to search the released 41 GW events which are emitted from binary black hole (BBH) mergers (here we exclude the events from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, and the events that are not detected simultaneously by Hanford (H) and Livingston (L) detectors), and use time sliding method to reduce the false alarm rate (FAR). According to the results, the 41 confirmed GW events of BBH mergers can be classified successfully by our CNN model. Furthermore, through restricting the number of consecutive prewarning from sequential samples intercepted continuously in LIGO O2 real time-series and vetoing the coincidences of noise from H and L, the FAR is limited to be less than once in 2 months. It is helpful to promote LIGO real time data processing.
PubDate: 2022-03-28
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- Probing two Higgs oscillations in a one-dimensional Fermi superfluid with
Raman-type spin—orbit coupling-
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Abstract: Abstract We theoretically investigate the Higgs oscillation in a one-dimensional Raman-type spin-orbit-coupled Fermi superfluid with the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. By linearly ramping or abruptly changing the effective Zeeman field in both the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state and the topological superfluid state, we find the amplitude of the order parameter exhibits an oscillating behaviour over time with two different frequencies (i.e., two Higgs oscillations) in contrast to the single one in a conventional Fermi superfluid. The observed period of oscillations has a great agreement with the one calculated using the previous prediction [Volkov and Kogan, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 38, 1018 (1974)], where the oscillating periods are now determined by the minimums of two quasi-particle spectrum in this system. We further verify the existence of two Higgs oscillations using a periodic ramp strategy with theoretically calculated driving frequency. Our predictions would be useful for further theoretical and experimental studies of these Higgs oscillations in spin-orbit-coupled systems.
PubDate: 2022-03-28
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- Broadband cross-circular polarization carpet cloaking based on a phase
change material metasurface in the mid-infrared region-
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Abstract: Abstract In view of the fact that most invisibility devices focus on linear polarization cloaking and that the characteristics of mid-infrared cloaking are rarely studied, we propose a cross-circularly polarized invisibility carpet cloaking device in the mid-infrared band. Based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, the unit cells with the cross-circular polarization gradient phase were carefully designed and constructed into a metasurface. In order to achieve tunable cross-circular polarization carpet cloaks, a phase change material is introduced into the design of the unit structure. When the phase change material is in amorphous and crystalline states, the proposed metasurface unit cells can achieve high-efficiency cross-polarization conversion, and reflection intensity can be tuned. According to the phase compensation principle of carpet cloaking, we construct a metasurface cloaking device with a phase gradient using the designed unit structure. From the near- and far-field distributions, the cross-circular polarization cloaking property is confirmed in the broadband wavelength range of 9.3–11.4 µm. The proposed cloaking device can effectively resist detection of cross-circular polarization.
PubDate: 2022-03-28
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- Theoretical study of broadband near-field optical spectrum of twisted
bilayer graphene-
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Abstract: Abstract We theoretically study the broadband near-field optical spectrum of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) at various twist angles near the magic angle using two different models. The spectrum at low Fermi energy is characterized by a series of peaks that are almost at the same energies as the peaks in the far-field optical conductivity of TBG. When the Fermi energy is near a van Hove singularity, an additional strong peak appears at finite energy in the near-field spectrum, which has no counterpart in the optical conductivity. Based on a detailed calculation of the plasmon dispersion, we show that these spectroscopic features are associated with interband and intraband plasmons, which can provide critical information about the local band structure and plasmonic excitations in TBG. The near-field peaks evolve systematically with the twist angle, so they can serve as fingerprints for identifying the spatial dependent twist angle in TBG samples. Our findings pave the way for future experimental studies of the novel optical properties of TBG in the nanoscale.
PubDate: 2022-03-26
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- Sender-controlled measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum
communication-
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Abstract: Abstract Multiparty quantum communication is an important branch of quantum networks. It enables private information transmission with information-theoretic security among legitimate parties. We propose a sender-controlled measurement-device-independent multiparty quantum communication protocol. The sender Alice divides a private message into several parts and delivers them to different receivers for secret sharing with imperfect measurement devices and untrusted ancillary nodes. Furthermore, Alice acts as an active controller and checks the security of quantum channels and the reliability of each receiver before she encodes her private message for secret sharing, which makes the protocol convenient for multiparity quantum communication.
PubDate: 2022-03-10
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-021-1144-z
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- Electromagnetically induced moiré optical lattices in a coherent
atomic gas-
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Abstract: Abstract Electromagnetically induced optical (or photonic) lattices via atomic coherence in atomic ensembles have recently received great theoretical and experimental interest. We here conceive a way to generate electromagnetically induced moiré optical lattices — a twisted periodic pattern when two identical periodic patterns (lattices) are overlapped in a twisted angle (θ) — in a three-level coherent atomic gas working under electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that, changing the twisted angle and relative strength between the two constitutive sublattices, the moiré Bloch bands that are extremely flattened can always appear, resembling the typical flat-band and moiré physics found in other contexts. Dynamics of light propagation in the induced periodic structures demonstrating the unique linear localization and delocalization properties are also revealed. Our scheme can be implemented in a Rubidium atomic medium, where the predicted moiré optical lattices and flattened bands are naturally observable.
PubDate: 2022-03-10
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-022-1153-6
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- Novel intelligent devices: Two-dimensional materials based memristors
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Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness, non-volatile resistive switching feature and compatibility with the semiconducting technology are naturally a good media of memristors. 2D materials-based memristors with excellent performance, low-power consumption and high integration density can be integrated with other circuit components to implement the complicate logic computing, which will become a key driving force for the development of artificial intelligence.
PubDate: 2022-03-07
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-022-1152-7
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- Strain induced topological transitions in twisted double bilayer graphene
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Abstract: Abstract We theoretically study the band structures and the valley Chern numbers of the AB—AB and AB—BA stacked twisted double bilayer graphene under heterostrain effect. In the absence of heterostrain, due to the constrains by the spatial symmetries, the central two flat bands of the AB—AB are topological trivial bands, while in the AB—BA they have a finite Chern number. The heterostrain breaks all the point group symmetries and the constrains are lifted, hence the topological properties of the two arrangements can be tuned by different strain magnitudes ε and directions φ. The heterostrain has dissimilar impacts on the Chern numbers of the AB—AB and AB—BA, owing to their different band gaps, and these gaps can be modified by a vertical electric field. Our results show that the topological transitions for both arrangements occur in the ε range of 0.1%–0.4%, which can be realized in the graphene-based sample.
PubDate: 2022-03-07
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-021-1146-x
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- Near-field infrared response of graphene on copper substrate
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Abstract: Abstract The electronic properties of graphene are very sensitive to its dielectric environment. The coupling to a metal substrate can give rise to many novel quantum effects in graphene, such as band renormalization and plasmons with unusual properties, which are of high technological interest. Infrared nanoimaging are very suitable for exploring these effects considering their energy and length scales. Here, we report near-field infrared nanoimaging studies of graphene on copper synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. Remarkably, our measurements reveal three different types of near-field optical responses of graphene, which are very distinct from the near-field edge fringes observed in the substrate. These results can be understood from the modification of optical conductivity of graphene due to its coupling with the substrate. Our work provides a framework for identifying the near-field response of graphene in graphene/metal systems and paves the way for studying their novel physics and potential applications.
PubDate: 2022-02-05
DOI: 10.1007/s11467-021-1140-3
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