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Abstract: Introduction: Low dietary intake of vitamin E is a global public health issue. RRR-α-tocopherol (RRR-αT) is the only naturally occurring vitamin E stereoisomer, but the equimolecular mixture of all eight stereoisomers, synthetic vitamin E (S-αT), is commonly consumed. The objective of this study was to evaluate bioavailability and antioxidant activity of RRR-αT vs. S-αT, in both mother and fetus, after maternal supplementation during pregnancy.Methods: Female rats (7 weeks of age) received a modified AIN-93G diet supplemented with 75 IU/kg of RRR-αT (NVE, n=20) or S-αT (SVE, n=17). At delivery, the levels of αT, stereoisomer distribution and antioxidant capacity were analyzed in maternal and fetal plasma.Results: NVE administration significantly increased the proportion of RRR-αT stereoisomer in maternal and fetal plasma. The percentage of RRR-αT increased from 32.76% to 88.33% in maternal plasma, and 35.25% to 97.94% in fetal plasma, in the NVE group compared to SVE. Fetal plasma from the NVE group was found to have higher total antioxidant capacity compared to SVE. Lastly, fetal plasma RRR-αT stereoisomer percentage was positively associated with expression levels of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the placenta. Conclusions: Both natural and synthetic sources of vitamin E showed similar bioavailability. Still, NVE supplementation increased the proportion of RRR-αT and promoted higher antioxidant activity in fetal plasma at birth. Placental SR-B1 might be involved in the stereoselective transfer of RRR-αT stereoisomer across the placenta and may improve αT bioactivity in the fetus.
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Abstract: Introduction: To increase the total carnitine (TC) content in muscles, LC should be co-ingested with carbohydrates to induce an insulin response. Leucine has an insulin secretagogue effect. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of 24 weeks of LC and leucine supplementation on the skeletal muscle TC content, muscle mass, and strength in active college-aged subjects. The secondary aim was to determine the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in skeletal muscles after supplementation. Methods: Over the 24 weeks, the participants were supplemented with either 1 g of L-carnitine-L-tartrate and 3 g of leucine per day (LC + L group; n = 7) or 4 g of leucine per day (L group; n = 7) as a placebo. Before and 24 weeks after the initiation of the study protocol, the free carnitine (FC) and TC content in plasma and muscle samples, as well as body composition and muscle strength were measured. In addition, the phosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR pathway proteins in muscles was evaluated. Results: Plasma FC and TC content increased in LC + L group after 24 weeks of supplementation (p = 0.003 and 0.010, respectively). However, the skeletal muscle FC and TC content were not affected by the supplementation protocol. No changes were noted in the body mass and composition; serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration; and phosphorylation of the signaling pathway proteins Akt, mTOR and p70S6K.Conclusion: LC supplementation may have the potential to exert beneficial effects in muscle atrophy. Therefore, additional research is necessary to investigate the effect of various LC supplementation protocols.
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Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Introduction: Several researchers focused on the role of skeletal muscle in metabolic problems in recent years. We aimed to evaluate influence of sleeve gastrectomy on skeletal muscular fat infiltration determined by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Methods: 65 MetS patients (male/female 20/45; mean age, 35.3 years ± 6.7 [standard deviation]; age range, 22 – 59 years) enrolled in our study. Prior to and one year after sleeve gastrectomy, patients underwent routine measurement of skeletal muscular fat concentration (denoted by proton density fat fraction, PDFF) and chemical indexes. The associations of skeletal muscular fat concentration with other variables were determined using multiple backward linear regression analysis.Results: Difference between skeletal muscular PDFF at baseline (4.25 ± 2.05 %) and PDFF one-year after sleeve gastrectomy (2.91 ± 1.54 %) was significant. Multivariable predictors of baseline skeletal muscular PDFF by descending order of standardized coefficient were fasting serum insulin (0.477; P = 0.001), fasting serum glucose (0.473; P < 0.001), age (0.396; P < 0.001), systolic pressure (0.334; P = 0.020), white cell count (0.235; P = 0.031), diastolic pressure (-0.295; P = 0.047), C-peptide (-0.309; P = 0.022), and alkaline phosphatase (-0.481; P < 0.001) all at baseline. Furthermore, multivariable predictors of change in PDFF were serum total cholesterol (3.514; P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (0.538; P < 0.001), estrogen (0.458; P < 0.001), diastolic pressure (0.355; P < 0.001), systolic pressure (-0.409; P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.719; P < 0.001), insulin (-0.775; P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (-0.902; P < 0.001), triglyceride (-1.758; P < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-2.858; P < 0.001) all at baseline.Discussion/Conclusion: Sleeve gastrectomy could alleviate myosteatosis in MetS patients during one-year follow-up. The extent of remission on skeletal muscular fat infiltration after sleeve gastrectomy was influenced by baseline metabolic problems related to serum glucose, serum lipid, and blood pressure level.
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Abstract: Introduction: The life expectancy of older adults continue to increase, however knowledge regarding their total energy requirements are lacking. This study aims to compare the total energy expenditure (TEE) of older adults ≥ 80 years measured using doubly labelled water (DLW), with estimated TEE. The hypothesis was that the Mifflin, Ikeda and Livingston equations will more closely estimate energy requirements than the commonly used Schofield equation. Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and TEE were measured using the reference methods of indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water (DLW) respectively. Bland Altman plots compared measured RMR and TEE with predicted RMR using equations (Mifflin, Ikeda, Livingston, Schofield) and predicted TEE (predicted RMR x physical activity level). Results: Twenty-one older adults (age range 80.7-90.1 years, BMI 26.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2) were included. The Schofield equation demonstrated the greatest bias from measured RMR, overestimating approximately up to double the mean difference (865±662 kJ/d) compared with the three other equations. The Schofield equation exhibited the greatest bias (over-estimation of 641 ±1066 kJ/d) compared with measured TEE. The other three equations under-estimated TEE, with the least bias from Ikeda (37±1103 kJ/d), followed by Livingston (251±1108kJ/d) and Mifflin (354±1140kJ/d). Data are mean ± SD. Conclusions: In older adults ≥ 80 years, the Ikeda, Mifflin and Livingston equations provide closer estimates of TEE than the widely used Schofield equation. The development of nutrition guidelines therefore should consider the utilization of equations which more accurately reflect age specific requirements.
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Abstract: Introduction: It has been well recognized that sarcopenia is closely related with osteoporosis, while the relationship between bone mass at different sites and muscle mass remains largely unexplored. This study aims to explore the relationship between bone mass at different sites and skeletal muscle mass in older adults.Methods: A total of 228 patients over 65 years old were enrolled in this study, then 180 valid participants with accessible Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanning data and absence of malignant tumors, mobility disorders, serious liver and kidney disease, and cardiac insufficiency, were selected (138 male and 42 female). These individuals were further divided into control group and low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) group. DXA scanning was used to access skeletal muscle mass and bone mass. SMI or body mass index (BMI) was defined as appendicular muscle mass or weight divided by squared height, respectively. Low SMI < 7. 0 kg /m2 in male or < 5.4 kg /m2 in female was defined as low SMI; while the bone density score at or below 2.5 standard deviations (SD, T-score) below normal peak bone values, was regarded as osteoporosis.Results: The average age of enrolled patients was 82.72 years, the ratios of osteoporosis, low SMI and low SMI with osteoporosis were 48.8%, 23.3% and 15.0%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher, and the total bone mass and bone mass at various sites including limbs, spine and pelvis, were all lower in low SMI group. Correlation analysis showed that SMI was positively related with total bone mass and bone mass at various sites. Covariance analysis showed that only total bone mass and appendicular bone mass decreased with decreasing SMI. After multiple adjustment, osteoporosis was positively related with the prevalence of low SMI, as evidenced by logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidential interval: 1.04-3.24, P = 0.045). Furthermore, compared with the highest quartile of appendicular bone mass, the lowest quartile was related with the increasing prevalence of low SMI (odds ratio = 7.29, 95% confidential interval: 1.21-67.45, P = 0.042).Conclusion: Compared with the other sites, the bone mass reduction at limbs of older adults was positively associated with skeletal muscle loss. It may be more beneficial to increase bone mass at the limbs for improved sarcopenia prevention and therapy. Further investigations are needed to explore the effects of other confounders (e.g. energy, calcium and vitamin D intake and physical activity) on the osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults.
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Abstract: Ann Nutr Metab 2022;78:363 PubDate: Tue, 06 Dec 2022 06:46:53 +010
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Abstract: Ann Nutr Metab 2022;78:306–306 PubDate: Thu, 03 Nov 2022 07:54:59 +010
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Abstract: Ann Nutr Metab 2022;78:304–305 PubDate: Thu, 03 Nov 2022 07:54:53 +010
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