 Subjects -> NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (Total: 201 journals)
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- Nanocellulose as a Functional Ingredient in the Management of Metabolic
Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Zahra Maharani Latrobdiba
Pages: 1 - 12
Abstract: Alternative treatments in the management of metabolic syndrome are required because multiple drugs for individual components was found to have negative side effects on other components. Functional ingredients, particularly fiber, has shown great benefits in improving metabolic syndrome. Nanocellulose is a novel type of fiber, derived from cellulose through various processes that result in a nanoscale fiber with the dimension below 100 nm. Its smaller size brought improvements to the physicochemical properties of cellulose and consequently its biological activities. Nanocellulose appear to exhibit distinct functional activities that affect various processes in the gastrointestinal tract, including interference in lipid and carbohydrate digestion and reinforcement of gut microflora. These properties may ameliorate abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high blood pressure through similar mechanisms of both soluble and insoluble fibers. In this review, we first introduce nanocellulose and its particular characteristics that makes it separate from cellulose. With the limited studies available, we try to go in depth into its activity in the gastrointestinal tract followed by the possible implications of those functional properties on health, especially on the components of metabolic syndrome. Lastly, we discuss the potential applications and advantages of incorporating nanocellulose in functional food for the management of metabolic syndrome.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.1-12
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- The Influence of Aia Tempayang on Interleukin-2 (IL2) Levels on Female
Rattus Norvegicus Sprague Dawley Strains in Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Arifatin Nasihah, Gemala Anjani, Muflihatul Muniroh, Ahmad Syauqy, Anang M.Legowo, Nurmasari Widyastuti
Pages: 13 - 17
Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is a condition in which the cells in the breast tissue grow rapidly and uncontrollably. Risk factors for cancer are those caused by carcinogenic factors, behavior, and diet. Breast cancer causes a decrease in immunity. It can be prevented by consuming high-antioxidant foods such as Aia Tempayang. Aia Tempayang is made from caesalpinia sappan l., scaphium scaphigerum/seeds and ocimum basilicum seeds, each of which contains an antioxidant compound that prevents cancer.Objectives: To analyze the effect of Aia Tempayang on the decline of interleukin-2 (il-2) as a deterrent to breast cancer.Materials and Methods: Female Sprague Dawley was 35 days old n= 30, and divided into five groups: normal control group (K1); control groups induced by DMBA without intervention (K2); treatment group induced by DMBA + caesalpinia sappan l. 0.072 g + scaphium scaphigerum 0.012 g + basilicum seeds 0.045 g (X1); treatment group induced by DMBA + caesalpinia sappan l 0.144 g + scaphium scaphigerum 0.024 g + basilicum seeds 0.09 g (X2); and treatment group induced by DMBA + caesalpinia sappan l 0.288 g + scaphium scaphigerum 0.048 g + basilicum seeds 0.18 g (X3). After 35 days of intervention, serum IL-2 was analyzed using ELISA method. Data analysis used Paired-T Test, One Way ANOVA, and Post-Hoc Bonferroni follow-up test. Results: There was a significant difference in serum IL-2 (p=0,000) between supplementation groups found after intervention.The X1, X2, and X3 groups showed decreased of IL-2 to the K2 group without intervention.Conclusion: Aia tempayang was effective in reducing interleukin-2 levels in the group of mice induced by DMBA for 35 days with doses of X1, X2 and X3. The dose closest to the normal group is the intervention group X3 with a dose of Caesalpinia sappan l 0.288 g + Scaphium scaphigerum 0.048 g + Basilicum seed 0.18 g.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.13-17
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Effects of Dietary Interventions on Gut Microbiome in Overweight or Obese
Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tri Ayu Setiyaning Tiyas, Mochammad Sulchan, Endang Sri Lestari, Etika Ratna Noer, Adriyan Pramono
Pages: 18 - 38
Abstract: Background: It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis may induce intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation, leading to metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, it has been implicated in the etiology of obesity. Dietary intake is known to affect the gut microbiota. These RCTs suggested that different dietary interventions may exhibit different effects on the composition of gut microbiota in overweight or obese individuals.Objectives: This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of dietary intervention on the gut microbiota profiles in overweight or obese adults. The primary outcome of this systematic review is alpha-beta diversity and its changes at the species level.Materials and Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database with registration number CRD42022298891. A systematic search was conducted through the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus literature using the terms: “gut microbiota”,“microbiome”,“overweight”,“obesity”, “insulin sensitivity”,“insulin resistance”,“blood glucose”,“randomized controlled trial”. After screening abstracts and full texts, 18 articles were extracted by two authors.Results: Among the 18 RCT studies, dietary intervention gave an impact on gut microbiota alpha diversity changes in four studies. However, 7 studies showed no significant changes or differences compared to the placebo group. Beta diversity analysis was reported in 7 among 11 studies that performed alpha diversity analysis. Significant changes were found in food nutrients group (fiber supplementation) studies conducted over 8-12 weeks period. Seven more studies did not report any analysis of variance in either alpha or beta diversity. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota could be observed in dietary pattern interventions and resulting in improved metabolic status, except in the fried meat group diet. Interventions with food groups, food nutrients, and probiotics did not change the composition of gut microbiota.Conclusion: The effects of dietary interventions on alpha-beta diversity are inconsistent, but rather showed more consistent effects on the changes in microbiota composition, especially in dietary pattern interventions.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.18-38
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Anti-Diabetic Effects of Hibiscus spp. Extract in Rat and Mice Models: A
Review
Authors: Anieska Eunice E. Viado, Listya Purnamasari, Joseph F. dela Cruz
Pages: 39 - 48
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, has become a worldwide concern due to the upward trend of recorded cases each passing year. It is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Medication for the management and treatment of diabetes is neither affordable nor accessible in most parts of the Philippines thus raising the need for cost-effective alternatives. Plant extracts have long been used as a treatment for a variety of diseases. One of the plants to display biological activity is Hibiscus spp. It is used to treat a variety of diseases and has steadily gained recognition for its anti-diabetic properties. Several of its plant parts such as the leaves, flowers, and calyces had been used in laboratory models of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. However, methods of extracting biologically active components of the plant vary and yield different results depending upon the concentration and temperature of the extraction procedure. Furthermore, it has shown hypoglycemic effects comparable to commonly used drugs in the treatment of diabetes such as metformin and glibenclamide. Although these studies suggest the efficacy of Hibiscus spp. extract as an antidiabetic agent, it still warrants further clinical trials to establish its efficacy and limitations.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.39-48
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Determining the Valid Tools to Screen Malnutrition in Cancer Patients: A
Comparison to Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA)
Authors: Susetyowati Susetyowati, Rizka Maulida Sarasati, Farah Rizqi, Nadira D'mas Getare Sanubari, Atikah Nuraini
Pages: 49 - 56
Abstract: Background: Nutrition screening tools are necessary to predict the risk of malnutrition for cancer patients. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the validity of nutrition screening tools in identifying malnutrition among cancer patients.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 175 oncology patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Malnutrition risk of participants was screened using Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, Simple Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST), Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Nutriscore, and the Royal Marsden Nutrition Screening Tool (RMNST). Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was used as a gold standard. Nutritional assessments, including Body Mass Index (BMI), Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), albumin, hemoglobin, Total Leucocytes Count (TLC), and Hand Grip Strength (HGS), were used to evaluate nutritional status.Results: The NRS 2002, SNST, MST, Nutriscore and RMNST identified nutritional risk in 64.6%; 58.9%; 49.1%; 30.3%; 84.6%, respectively. The SNST obtained the highest level of AUC discrimination (0.8) compared to NRS 2002 (0.7); MST (0.7); Nutriscore (0.7); and RMNST (0.7). There was a significant association between nutrition screening with nutritional parameters except for TLC (P>0.005). Patients who were at risk of malnutrition had a lower average of objective assessment tools.Conclusion: All the nutritional screenings were valid to screen for malnutrition risk among cancer patients. Nutritional screening has a strong correlation with nutritional assessment. The lower risk detected by nutrition screening, the poorer the nutrition status measured by nutrition assessments.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.49-56
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Consumption Pattern Score in Cancer Survivor with Chemotherapy Induced
Nausea and Vomiting and Non-Cancer at Shelter Houses
Authors: Zanzabila Ayunda Puspita, Choirun Nissa, Enny Probosari, Deny Yudi Fitranti
Pages: 57 - 65
Abstract: Background: One of the most common effects of chemotherapy in cancer survivors is nausea and vomiting. This can affect the diversity of food consumed. Family support and assistance need to be done to increase food intake with one food provision.
Objectives: This study aimed to find out the difference in the consumption pattern score among cancer survivors and non-cancers in shelter houses.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a retrospective approach. The criteria of the case subject were undergoing chemotherapy, while the control subject criteria were included in one food supply. The total subject was 66 cancer survivors, with 33 subjects each. This research was conducted from August 2021 until October 2021 at Shelter Houses. The data included the subjects characteristic data, vomit nausea degree data using the Rhodes Index nausea vomiting and retching (RINVR), family support data, food intake data using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and individual dietary diversity score (IDDS) questionnaires. Data collection is done by interviews in person and online. The data collected was analyzed using Chi-Square and bivariate test using Mann Whitney test.
Results: The majority of cancer subjects were aged 40-59 years whereas non-cancer subjects were 20-39 years old. The subjects have special characteristics which are in low financial ability. Consumption of starchy foods (p<0.001) and green vegetables (p<0.006) in these two group subjects had significant differences. In addition, the consumption pattern score between cancer and non-cancer subjects made significant differences (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Average consumption pattern scores showed cancer subjects were lower compared to non-cancer subjects. Thus, consumption patterns in cancer subjects did not variaty compared to non-cancer subjects. It is necessary to conduct further research by analyzing the diversity of food of each subject using a 1x24 hour for 3 days, food access questionnaire and food security.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.57-65
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
- Body Mass Index is The Most Associated Anthropometry Indicators of Obesity
with Insulin Resistance in Female College Students
Authors: Fillah Fithra Dieny, Sophia Rose, A Fahmy Arif Tsani
Pages: 66 - 76
Abstract: Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p<0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.
PubDate: 2022-12-02
DOI: 10.14710/jgi.11.1.66-76
Issue No: Vol. 11, No. 1 (2022)
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