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Authors:Ludovic Moffo Foning, Édith Fombang, Tchiegang Clergé Pages: 255 - 274 Abstract: Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacaceae)., Vitex doniana Sweet. (Verbenaceae) and Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) are three endemic fruit species growing in dry African savannahs. The fruits produced by these species have unique and highly appreciated organoleptic characteristics (aromas and flavors). However, their consumption is limited to the localities where they are found. In addition, the rarity of scientific information on their technological and nutritional potentials constitute an obstacle to their valorization. To bridge this gap, a comparative evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the whole fruit juices from these species was carried out. After physicochemical characterization of the fruits, anti-radical power and reducing activity of the juices were determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TAC methods. The physicochemical analyses of A. senegalensis indicated values of 7.65 ± 0.99 % (proteins), 32.81 ± 1.08 % (total sugars), 3.98 ± 0.17 % (ash) in opposite to 5.68 ± 0.17 (proteins), 42.45 ± 1.54 % (total sugars), 2.03 ± 0.2 % (ash) of X. americana and 2.97 ± 0.74 % (proteins), 33.62 ± 1.79 % (total sugars), 1.36 ± 0.19 % (ash) of V. doniana. The A. senegalensis juice had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents respectively 1.22 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 g/100 g of FW compared to X. americana (731.93 ± 2.25 and 295.58 ± 1.67 g/100 g respectively) and V. doniana (633.18 ± 1.93 and 111.09 ± 2.44 respectively). A. senegalensis and X. americana had the highest anti-radical activities by DPPH (12.50 ± 0.01) compared to V. donianaand vitamin C standard (8.33 ± 0.02). The ABTS test for the juices from V. doniana and A. senegalensis (14.28 ± 0.01) was compared to X. Americana (9.90 ± 0.01) and vitamin C standard (6.66 ± 0.02). Juices from X. americana had the highest TAC reducing capacity (570.67 ± 1.14 mg EAA / 100 g of FW) compared to V. doniana (521.15 ± 1.93) and A. senegalensis (147.78 ± 2.75). The FRAP test indicated values of 1401.04 ± 1.82 mg/100 g of FW in opposite to X. americana (798.79 ± 1.51) and V. doniana (600.19 ± 2.37). Flavonoids are strongly correlated to antioxidant activity by FRAP (r=0.86) and DPPH (r = 0.96). Tannins (r = 0.98) are strongly correlated with the TAC test. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29266 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Aparajita Priyadarshini, Kalpana Rayaguru, Prakash Kumar Nayak Pages: 275 - 284 Abstract: The impact of Ohmic Heating (OH) and Thermo-Sonication (TS) on the physio-chemical properties (pH, acidity and TSS), antioxidant compounds, microbial and sensory attributes of mango juice were studied. A storage study was analyzed regularly with the regular interval of time (Fresh, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days) during two months and the findings were compared with both OH and TS samples. Slight differences in consistency parameters such as pH, °Brix and total acidity have been observed. Antioxidant function and ascorbic acid content varied significantly in between OH and TS juice samples. The sensory tests also revealed related findings to other experiments that OH and TS processed juice samples were safer for human consumption than the untreated samples even after two months of storage. These findings suggested that TS has a huge potential for increasing the amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in mango juice samples. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29331 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Nithya Sethumadhavan, Santhi Natchimuthu Pages: 285 - 293 Abstract: Plants are a valuable source of a multitude of secondary metabolites which have been used as medicine since times. Most unarguable merit of using plants as a source of medicine is that they are low priced and readily available with very minimal side effects. The present study deals with the comparative analysis of dry and fresh aqueous, ethanolic and chloroform extracts of Rosa indica petals for its phytochemical screening. The results confirmed the presence of almost all tested secondary metabolites in aqueous and ethanolic extracts, whereas chloroform extract showed only the presence of saponins. Further study was proceeded only with dry and fresh aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rosa indica petals for its antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli (ATCC NO: 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC NO: 27853) and gram positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC NO: 43300), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC NO: 29212) and Candida albicans (ATCC NO: 24433) which is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast. Both dry and fresh ethanolic extracts showed a comparatively higher zone of inhibition for all the microbes. Aqueous dry and fresh extracts showed zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, where as none of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. Results from the above study suggest that the ethanolic extract of Rosa indica petal are an encouraging alternative to some of the antibacterial drugs. This in turn would potentially be used as natural source to treat various multi drug resistant bacterial strains. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29440 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Beena Cherian, Shilpa Jose Pages: 294 - 299 Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder due to the defects of insulin secretion (type 1) and increased cellular resistance to insulin (type 2). Mushrooms were found to be effective for reducing diabetic complications and for decreasing the blood glucose levels. When compared to synthetic drugs, the bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms seem to be less toxic and free of side effects. The ethanol extracts of Pleurotus florida mushroom was used for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The compounds PFEE-1 to PFEE -14 were screened for drug likeness and molecular properties. For structural molecular biology and computer -assisted drug design, molecular docking is found to be a strong tool. It has been used in an attempt to identify and to expound the mechanism of action of the bioactive compounds in Pleurotus florida with the inhibition of GPCR40, PTPBI, PPAR and DPP4 protein receptor for controlling the blood sugar level. 14 bioactive compounds screened from Pleurotus florida mushroom ethanol extract was docked with the glide software based on the drug-likeness score. Ergosterol was found to be a potent inhibitor of DPP4, GPCR40, PPAR and PTPBI when compared to other bioactive compounds. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29578 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Krishnaveni Rajamahendravarapu, Vyshnavi T, Lavanya A, Sunitha Venkataseshamamba B., Gopinath Mummaleti Pages: 300 - 309 Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the physical and nutritional properties of banana flour made using various drying techniques. The techniques such as sun, oven, fluidized bed and osmotic drying techniques were used in preparing banana flour. The study revealed that the bulk density of banana flour was 0.66 ± 0.01. The banana flour produced through solar drying was observed to have higher solubility of 9.3 % and the banana flour produced by osmotic drying exhibited lower solubility compared to other samples. The low moisture content of banana flour reveals that the product was shelf-stable and can be stored for longer time. The phenolic compounds were present in banana flour with good antioxidant capacity helps in protecting organs of the body. The banana flour can be a best alternative to wheat flour and gluten free products can be made and also a best natural functional ingredient that can be used in various food products as a thickener. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29550 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Balaswamy K., Prabhakara Rao P.G., Sulochanamma G., Nagender A., Sathiya Mala K. Pages: 310 - 322 Abstract: Colour is one of the important attributes which influences the acceptance of a food product. Carotenoids are a class of compounds which impart colour into food products. The micronutrient in the fresh pumpkin such as carotene was found to be in good amounts (8 mg /100 g), while minerals such as P (27.8 mg/100 g) and Fe (1.5 mg/100 g) were present in considerable amounts. In the present study, attempts were made to store the carotene rich pumpkin flour (PF) at both ambient and refrigerated temperature for 6 months and its application in the preparation of vermicelli. The PF and PF fortified vermicelli samples were evaluated for the stability of '-carotene during storage. It was observed that at 4°C, the retention of '-carotene in PF was 25.5% at 6 months, while at 30°C, the retention was 11.45% for the same duration. The retention of '-carotene in vermicelli was higher at higher levels of PF incorporation (85.19%) as compared to lower levels of application (6.35%). However, a significant decrease in carotene during storage was observed in both PF incorporated vermicelli and PF stored under both refrigerated and ambient conditions. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.28959 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Sneha K. S., Anees Fathima Thabassum Z, Madhavi Reddy, Shivakumara C. S., Satish A. Pages: 323 - 332 Abstract: The study aimed to develop masala mix using microgreens, to assess the organoleptic properties of products prepared by incorporating Microgreen Masala Mix (MMM) and compare the antioxidant properties of the most acceptable variation of MMM with Standard Masala Mix (SMM). Four varieties of microgreens - Spinach, Fenugreek, Coriander and Amaranthus were cultivated, harvested, dehydrated and powdered separately. A microgreen mix (MM) was prepared by mixing 5 g each of the dehydrated powder. SMM was prepared using different spices.MMM was prepared by replacing the SMM with MM at 10, 15 and 20% (i.e Variation- 1,2 and 3) respectively. Masala rice and Masala potato fry were prepared by incorporating SMM and MMM. Sensory attributes of the developed products were evaluated by 15 semi-trained panellists using 9 point hedonic scale. Masala rice-Standard and variation 1 had a higher and similar mean score of 8.4±0.63 and 8.4±0.82 respectively. A similar trend was noticed for masala potato fry, where standard and variation 1 had a mean score of 8.13±0.74 and 7.9±1.33 respectively indicating a high overall acceptability. Hence, the antioxidant properties of MMM (variation 1) were analysed and compared with SMM. MMM (variation 1) had high total phenolic content (55.7 'g of gallic acid equivalent/ml) and essentially similar flavonoid content (13.45 ' Quercetin/ml). The free radical scavenging activity IC50 value of variation 1 was higher (99.0 'g/ml) than the standard. Microgreens are rich source of antioxidants hence incorporating microgreens in regular recipes along with other spices and condiments will prove useful to maintain health. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29685 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Manivasagan V., Dhanalakshmi D., Shruthi Shankari S., Vaishnavi S., Archana V. Pages: 333 - 346 Abstract: Bakery products are the most widely consumed food on the planet. Microbiological spoilage is one of the most common reasons for bakery products having a short shelf life. This study reports on isolation of microorganisms from bakery products. The study aimed to prospect the isolation of bacteria, total colony count and pathogen testing were carried out nutrient agar media and specific media. Isolation of bacteria was done using nutrient agar medium, total colony count was prosecuted by colony counting method and pathogen testing was performed using specific media like mannitol salt agar, EMB agar, cetrimide agar and bismuth sulphite agar. Biochemical characterization was executed for the obtained pathogen. It was preceded by test like indol test, MRVP test, simmon’s citrate test, catalase test, gelatinase test and TSI test. After completion of these tests it was concluded the obtained microorganism was Salmonella species. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29646 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Abhirami Sivaprasad, Kowsalya S. Pages: 347 - 356 Abstract: Several factors contribute to success in sport, and diet is a key component. An athlete’s dietary requirements depend on several aspects, including the sport, the athlete’s goals, the environment and practical issues. The importance of individualized dietary advice has been increasingly recognized, including day-to-day dietary advice and specific advice before, during and after training and/or competition. Athletes use a range of dietary strategies to improve performance, by maximizing glycogen stores. Carbohydrate intake during exercise maintains high levels of carbohydrate oxidation, prevents hypoglycemia, and has a positive effect on the central nervous system which is facilitated for physical performances of sprinters. Dietary supplements including Nutribars enhance exercise and athletic performance in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, drinks, health mixes and bars. The present study aimed to assess the effect of the supplementation of developed Nutribar on the physical performance and biochemical profile of district-level women sprinters under the age group of 17-20 years. In the study, 59 sprinters (30 control group and 29 experimental groups) were identified and executed for further supplemention study, out of 140 sprinters in the age group of 17-20 y. Results revealed that the sprinters in the experimental group showed significant changes in their biochemical profile and physical performance after the supplementation of Nutribar. Hence Nutribar could be a better choice for supplementing energy for sprinters to enhance their physical performance and biochemical profile for the period of three months. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.30363 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Honey Kumari, Kalaivani K, Prema Ramachandran Pages: 357 - 368 Abstract: In the 1970s Green Revolution enabled India to become self-sufficient in food production, but poverty, low dietary intake and under-nutrition were high. India identified poor families on the basis of energy consumption, provided employment to these families to improve purchasing power, subsidized food grains through PDS to improve family food security and food supplementation through ICDS to children and women from poor families to bridge the gap in their dietary intake. Over years, there has been a decline in under-nutrition but rate of decline was slow. The country is currently having persistent high under-nutrition in children, rise in over-nutrition in adults and increasing intra-family differences in nutritional status. A study was taken up in 547 urban low middle-income families with dual nutrition burden, to assess the current food and macronutrient consumption and food security status of the families and the nutritional status of the individual family members. The average energy intake of these families was 1900 Kcal. This was lower than the EAR for reference population (2110 Kcal/day) but higher by 140 Kcal when compared to the EAR for average Indian population (1760 Kcal/day). In pre-school and school-age children stunting rates were high but wasting and over-nutrition rates were low. Over-nutrition rates in adults were high perhaps due to higher energy intake as compared to the requirements for the short-statured sedentary adults. In view of these findings, it may be useful to explore a dual approach: programmes aimed at improving household food security continue to focus on families; while programmes aimed at improving nutritional status focus on anthropometric screening of individual members (children and adults) for early identification of under-or over-nutrition, appropriate management and monitoring improvement. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29504 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Revati Shah, Vinayak Patel, Neeta Dave Pages: 369 - 378 Abstract: Vitamin B12 deficiency is known to be very common amongst the vegan population and can cause hyperhomocysteinemia due to various hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a global epidemic caused by malabsorption and inadequate consumption. Vitamin B12 deficiency has the greatest impact on the blood and nervous system. Elevated Methylmalonic Acid (MMA) and/or total homocysteine levels are sensitive indications of vitamin B12 deficiency and have been linked to clinical problems. Hematological parameters like erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit, Mean Cell Volume (MCV), blood values such as plasma B12 and the metabolite MMA are only a few examples. A total of 398 subjects, aged 30-50 years were selected from Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat. Fourty two percent of the subjects were suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency. The subjects were screened for their vitamin B12 status and several biochemical parameters like homocysteine, iron, hemoglobin, total RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW. Total RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC levels, and homocysteine concentration of the subjects were found to be significantly (P ' 0.05) associated with the vitamin B12 status of the subjects. A positive and significant (P ' 0.05) relationship was observed between serum vitamin B12 and iron levels (r = 0.127, P ' 0.05) of the subjects. In conclusion, vitamin B12 status was significantly associated with total RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC levels and homocysteine concentration PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29068 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:Dipali Saxena, Uttam Sharma, Sneha Gupta, Shubham Mahajan Pages: 379 - 387 Abstract: Today the need to obtain nutritious foods from new sources and lower in waste food processing industry has created a high interest. Modification of agro industrial waste products into valuable elements is probably a huge footstep towards the direction of food sustainability. The seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) are generally considered to be agro-industrial wastes and discarded. But pumpkin seeds are densely packed with useful nutrients and nutraceuticals such as amino acids, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, cucurbitacins and valuable minerals. All these bioactive compounds are important to a healthy life and well-being. The present study aims at reviewing the various researches done in the past on the uses of the pumkin seed for the treatment of digestion problems, diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia etc. Various researcher investigated that the used of pumpkin seed are beneficial for some diseases such as diabetes, alzheimer, anti cancer, hypercholesterolemic and hypertension patients. Pumpkin seeds have wide application, as antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal, encapsulation, antifungal. As from all the studies, that done and concluded that pumpkin seed have been used as functional food for humans by combining with unit operations of food processing for treatment of various ailments. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.28957 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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Authors:. Upasana Pages: 388 - 397 Abstract: The health benefits proclaimed by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been the subject of extensive research for the last few decades. Researchers focused on searching the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics that help in maintaining gastrointestinal tract health. Many studies stated that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementation is beneficial in maintaining optimal microflora in the gut that ultimately helps in the prevention of numerous diseases associated with nutritional health. This review article portrays various roles played by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in maintaining the beneficial microbiota of the human gut. PubDate: 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2022.59.3.29516 Issue No:Vol. 59, No. 3 (2022)
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