Authors:
Waré Larissa Yacine; Compaoré Hamidou, Dao Aboubacar Sidiki, Durand Noël, Hagrétou Sawadogo-Lingani, Montet Didier Pages: 16 - 23 Abstract: The infant formula produced aim to cover the nutritional needs of children under 5 years old. Thus, these flours are rich in macronutrients and micronutrients, mainly in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, iron-zinc and vitamin A. Over the months, contaminants can degrade the macronutrients and micronutrients contained in infant formula. These contaminants can lead to a change in taste, odor and also alter the quality of these foods by the presence of insects and toxins. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological, physicochemical and nutritional parameters of infant formula at an initial time T1 and at a time T2 6 months later. Then, to make a comparison of the data. Thus, 24 samples of infant formula were collected throughout the city of Ouagadougou. In order to follow the evolution of the parameters over time, 12 samples of infant formula were analyzed at time T1. The other 12 samples were stored at room temperature (35°C-40°C) for 6 months before being analyzed. ISO methods were used for the enumeration of total mesophilic flora, faecal coliforms, yeasts and moulds. The official AOAC methods were used for the determination of energy values of each sample. The determination of Beta-carotene and mycotoxins [(aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisins (B1+B2)] in infant formula was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In terms of results, the microbiological analysis showed that the bacterial load of the samples remains satisfactory for the germs searched. After 6 months of storage, an increase in the bacterial load of the samples for the desired germs was observed but remains acceptable. The determination of the energy value of the analysed infant formula varied between 390.4±22.8 and 437.2±1.0. After 6 months of storage, the caloric value of the infant formula varied from 328.2±7.6 to 417.4±3.3 which is lower than the Fasonorm recommendation which must be> 420 kcal. Similarly, the Beta-carotene content of infant formula varied between 0 to 596.9±6.1 at time T1. After storage, the contents decrease and are lower than the Fasonorm recommendation which must be> 420 µg. However, mycotoxin levels increase after storage especially for aflatoxin B1 (EU regulation for infant formula: 0.1µg/kg for aflatoxin B1). In conclusion, this study showed statistically there is no significant difference between the studied parameters and the storage time. However, significant differences were observed according to the origin of production of the infant formula (artisanal or semi-industrial). Also, in a global way, we can say that the sanitary quality of the infant formula was unfit for consumption due to the presence of aflatoxin B1 contents. PubDate: 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.12691/ajfn-10-1-2 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:
Eunice Ngozi Odoh, Maduabuchi Onyinye Lauretta; Theophilus Maduabuchukwu Ikegwu, Chioke Amaefuna Okolo, Joy Chinenye Mba, Clement Chinedum Ezegbe, Kolawole Oladimeji Olubusayo, James Ejikeme Obiegbuna Pages: 24 - 27 Abstract: Comparative studies on proximate, phytochemical and sensory evaluation of Asystasia gangetica and market herbal tea were investigated. Fresh leaf, herbal tea powder and hot water tea extract samples were subjected to proximate and phytochemical composition while hot water tea extract samples were subjected to sensory evaluation using conventional standard methods. Result obtained from the investigation ranged as follows: 10.94 to 91.96, 2.09 to 18.72, 4.94 to 7.95, 0.55 to 2.38, 1.31 to 2.99 and 3.22 to 63.38 %; 1.08 to 2.47, 0.45 to 3.89, 1.69 to 8.28, 1.01 to 6.84, 0.86 to 4.29%; 0.52 to 2.43 mg/100g for moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, fat, ash, carbohydrate, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids and hydrogen cyanide, respectively. Sensory evaluation results for A. gangetica and market herbal tea hot water extract were 4.88 and 5.12; 5.6 and 5.68; 4.96 and 5.92; 5.72 and 5.88; 5.92 and 5.72; and 5.76 and 5.72 for colour, taste, astringency, aftertaste, flavour and overall acceptability, respectively. The result findings revealed that herbal tea from A. gangetica favourably competed (nutritionally) with the market herbal tea and was also liked slightly in overall acceptability (on a 7 point Hedonic scale). This implies that this indigenous herbal plant could be commercially used for herbal tea production since it is packed with viable bioactive ingredients. PubDate: 2022-04-27 DOI: 10.12691/ajfn-10-1-3 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 1 (2022)
Authors:
Diarrassouba Moussa; Tuo Seydou, Camara Brahima, Obouayeba Samuel Pages: 1 - 15 Abstract: Two concerns of rubber farmers are the development of latex harvesting technologies to improve the production potential of the trees and the availability and cost of labour for tapping. To achieve this, some rubber farmers opt for over-harvesting the trees. This way of doing things disturbs the physiological balance of the rubber trees, which leads to the increase of tapping Panel dryness (TPD) and rather to the fall of the production. To solve this problem, the present study proposes to define one or more latex harvesting technologies by metabolic class allowing the improvement of plantation yield and the increase of the economic life of the trees. To achieve this, the clones IRCA 111, IRCA 130 and PB 260 from the active metabolic class, GT 1, RRIC 100 and BPM 24 from the moderate metabolic class; PB 217 and PR 107 from the slow metabolic class were used as plant material. Results showed that clones in the slow metabolism class were less susceptible to TPD and performed better in intense latex harvest than those in the active and moderate metabolism classes. Regardless of metabolic class, the reduction in tapping frequency had no negative effect on the vegetative state of the trees. Instead, the reduction in tapping frequency was compensated by a large number of annual stimulations, which resulted in high dry rubber production. Analysis of dry rubber production, rubber tree radial growth and TPD rate indicates that the metabolically active class clones performed better with the S/2 d3 6d/7 ET2 latex harvesting technologies. 5% Pa1(1) 4/y; S/2 d4 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 4/y; S/2 d5 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 8/y and S/2 d6 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 10/y. Those of the moderate metabolism class are with the motifs S/2 d3 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 6/y; S/2 d4 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 6/y and S/2 d5 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 10/y. For the slow metabolism class clones, the following latex harvesting technologies were recommended: S/2 d3 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 8/y; S/2 d4 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 12/y and S/2 d6 6d/7 ET2.5% Pa1(1) 18/y. PubDate: 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.12691/ajfn-10-1-1 Issue No:Vol. 10, No. 1 (2021)
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