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  Subjects -> NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (Total: 201 journals)
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Nutrition and Health
Number of Followers: 8  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0260-1060 - ISSN (Online) 2047-945X
Published by Sage Publications Homepage  [1176 journals]
  • Recent trends and policy shifts on empowering breastfeeding in developing
           countries

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      Authors: Izma Zahir, Waqas Asghar, Nauman Khalid
      Pages: 359 - 361
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Volume 29, Issue 3, Page 359-361, September 2023.

      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-14T01:47:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231196994
      Issue No: Vol. 29, No. 3 (2023)
       
  • Vitamin D and docosahexaenoic acid inhibit proliferation of the ovarian
           cancer cell line OVCAR4

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      Authors: Paul R Mueller, Alexandra J Kershner, Brooke I Breitrick, Katharina N Keller, Rebecca L Radtke, Ruchita J Patel, Kylie Gierach, Jon Arvedson, Georgette E Moyle-Heyrman, Debra A Pearson
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundOvarian cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in women. Improved preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are needed. Certain dietary patterns and nutrients such as vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced cancer risk, but their effects on ovarian cancer remain to be fully elucidated, and their combined effects have not been explored.AimTo determine the individual and combined effects of the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, and the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, on cell growth, and the abundance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), proteins that modulate cell cycle progression, and apoptotic markers.MethodsOVCAR4 cells, a model of ovarian cancer, were treated with calcitriol, and docosahexaenoic acid, either alone or in combination. Effects on cell growth were determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Changes in VDR, the cell cycle promotor c-Myc, the cell cycle inhibitor p27 and cleaved PARP, were determined by Western blotting.ResultsWhile OVCAR4 cell growth was inhibited by individual treatment with either calcitriol or docosahexaenoic acid, the combined treatment revealed enhanced growth inhibition as compared to either treatment alone. Furthermore, long-term treatment (12 days) yielded stronger growth inhibition at lower concentrations as compared to short-term treatments (3 days). Accompanying this growth inhibition was a decrease in c-Myc, and an increase in p27.ConclusionsThe observed reduction in cell growth mediated by calcitriol and docosahexaenoic acid highlights the need for further research utilizing these nutrients, alone and especially in combination, to support ovarian cancer prevention and treatment.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-20T11:22:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231202565
       
  • Nutrition education programs for burn survivors: A scoping review

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      Authors: Jonathan Bayuo, Joyce Pwara, Jephtah Davids, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Pius Agbenorku, Paa Ekow Hoyte-Williams
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Despite the importance of nutrition education for burn survivors, only limited work has been done to ascertain what is known about these education programs. Aim: To scope the existing literature to ascertain what is known about the nature and outcomes associated with nutrition education programs for burn survivors, their families and caregivers. Methods: Arksey and O’Malley scoping review approach were utilized with searches across peer-reviewed databases and gray literature sources. Results: Six studies were retained. Five studies focused on burn survivors and one focused on healthcare professionals. One study reported improved knowledge regarding postburn nutritional support following the implementation of the nutrition counseling program. Three studies reported on the inclusion of a nutrition education component in comprehensive postdischarge rehabilitation programs albeit no nutrition-specific outcomes were reported. Conclusion: The review affirms the limited literature, highlighting a need for more work to implement and evaluate outcomes of nutrition education programs for burn survivors.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-20T10:49:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231203282
       
  • Parental perceptions of nutritional intake, cooking skills, and food
           skills among preschoolers

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      Authors: Cara Confer, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Matthew Beerse, Rebecca Gonter-Dray
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Objective: To determine parents’ perceptions of cooking skills, food skills, and nutritional status of children ages 3 to 5 years. Methods: Parents of preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years completed two questionnaires, a Nutri-STEP questionnaire, assessing nutritional status, and a cooking exposure questionnaire. This parent recall questionnaire assessed cooking skills and food skills children possessed. Results: Willingness to try a new vegetable, parental confidence of child's cooking skills, total food skills possessed, and the covariates of gender, age, and ethnicity significantly predicted child dietary quality grouping p = 0.04. Conclusions and Implications: Trying new vegetables was a significant predictor of dietary behavior, with children more likely to try new vegetables demonstrating better dietary behavior (odds ratio= .43, p = 0.03). Trends showed that children with more cooking skills had better diets. Empirical data are needed through experimental designs to examine the integration of cooking skills in the home on child dietary behaviors and long-term cooking development.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-16T10:03:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231200517
       
  • Anemia in female adolescents at Karanganyar regency: A cross-sectional
           study associated with polymorphism of duodenal cytochrome B gene and daily
           consumptions of fruits and vegetables

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      Authors: Liyana Ilmiyati, Dono Indarto, Brian Wasita
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe prevalence of anemia in female adolescents increases every year. A duodenal Cytochrome B (CYBRD1) enzyme is involved in the regulation of iron metabolism. G797A gene polymorphism of the CYBRD1 reduces nonheme iron transport into the enterocytes, which was mediated by the divalent metal transporter 1 protein. Daily consumption of fruits and vegetables has been recommended for the prevention of non- communicable diseases, including anemia.AimThis study aimed to analyze the association of CYBRD1 polymorphism and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables with anemia in female adolescents in the Karanganyar regency.MethodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 233 female students in 6 senior and vocational high schools in Karanganyar regency, which were selected using purposive sampling. Data on fruit and vegetable consumption were collected using Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Polymorphism of the G797A CYBRD1 gene was determined using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction. All collected data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests with p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-13T07:08:30Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201891
       
  • Many foods are more acid-forming than acid-alkaline formulas indicate

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      Authors: Michael K McMullen
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Foods contain substances impacting the acid-base balance. The Western diet is often viewed as being overly acid due to its high-level of animal-based protein and low-level of vegetable intake. Meanwhile, with ageing the ability to excrete acid compounds is reduced as kidney function declines and so there is a risk of acid retention and subsequent interstitial acidosis. Two systems used for calculating the Dietary Acid Load (DAL): the potential acid load of foods (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP). This report outlines weaknesses in these formulas and concludes that dietitians and nutritionists lack the necessary tools to research the acid-base hypothesis. Additionally, the report emphasizes the importance of food selection in the ageing population. Background: Foods contain substances impacting the acid-base balance. The Western diet is often viewed as being overly acid due to its high-level of animal-based protein and low-level of vegetable intake. There are concerns that the disproportionate acid intake promotes low-grade metabolic acidosis in the interstitial fluid, interstitial acidosis, and may lead to chronic disease. Two formulas are used for calculating the DAL: the PRAL and the NEAP. Both PRAL and NEAP are based on levels of protein and minerals. Aim: To identify additional food constituents that impact DAL. Methods: Review of the literature concerning the acid-forming and alkaline-forming constituents of foods. Results: Five additional food constituents were identified as potentially having a meaningful impact on DAL. The oxidation of taurine and the metabolism of fructose and purines increase acidity, whereas organic acids increase alkalinity. Additionally, polyphenols affect the microbiota which break down uric acid excreted in the intestinal tract. Conclusions: Neither PRAL nor NEAP provides complete assessments of the impact of foods on DAL. These formulas could be improved by the inclusion of dietary amino acids rather than protein, taurine, purines, fructose, organic acids and polyphenols. Currently, dietitians and nutritionists lack the necessary tools both to research the acid-base hypothesis and recommend managed diets. Managed diets are of particular importance for the elderly because of their reduced kidney function which increases the risk of acid retention and subsequent interstitial acidosis.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-13T07:08:01Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231200677
       
  • ‘Food can help numb the pain’: A mixed methods exploration of
           disordered eating, shame and self-compassion in an international community
           sample of men and women

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      Authors: Zhi Yi Wang, Patrick Rawstorne, Rebecca C Reynolds
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Research into disordered eating (DE), shame and self-compassion (SC) has poorly represented men, general populations and non-Western communities. Aim: To explore associations between these variables in an international community sample of men and women. Methods: An online exploratory sequential mixed methods cross-sectional survey assessed levels of (quantitative Phase 1) and perceptions of (qualitative Phase 2) eating behaviours, external shame and body image shame (BIS) and SC. Results: Phase 1: Nearly 60% of our 142 survey participants were male (82/142) and about one-third were from India (43/142). About one-third of people (41/142) had a high-level concern regarding dieting, body weight, or eating (based on Eating Attitudes Test scores), and they had significantly higher levels of external shame, BIS and (SC-related) self-judgement and overidentification – compared to the 101/142 participants with low concern. Men had healthier levels of study outcomes than women. Phase 2: Four key themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis of the responses of 55 survey participants: (T1) DE as a Psychological Issue, (T2) DE as a Social Issue, (T3) The Vicious Cycle of Shame and (T4) Seeking Help. Conclusion: In participants in Phase 1 of our study – who were mostly male – DE behaviours were related to more external shame and body image-specific shame, and to less SC. Men had healthier levels of study variables than women. In Phase 2, participants talked about a vicious cycle of pathological eating and shame.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-12T07:11:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201511
       
  • Contribution of socio-economic and demographic factors to maternal and
           child malnutrition in Bangladesh: Insights from a nationwide survey

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      Authors: Abu Sayeed, Ema Akter, Promit Barua Chowdhury, Md. Saiful Islam, Mst. Sadia Sultana, Nowrin Nusrat, Lubna Hossain, Rita Karmoker, Ritu Rana, Manika Saha, M. Tasdik Hasan
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Malnutrition is a major global public health issue, especially for under five children and their mothers. Objective: This study examined the relationships between socio-economic and demographic characteristics and under- and over-nutrition in mothers and children of Bangladesh. Method: Using the Nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2017–18) data, we performed the multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the relationships between key outcome variables and predictors. The analysis included 8321 children aged 0–59 months and 7800 mothers aged 15–49 years. Findings: The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and overweight among children under five was 30.72%, 8.44%, and 2.21% respectively. About 2.74% of the children were both stunted and wasted, while 0.56% of the children were both stunted and overweight. The prevalence of underweight and overweight among mother was 14.09% and 26.35% respectively. Children who are stunted are significantly associated with the mother's BMI status, mothers’ education, fathers’ education, and wealth index, while children who are wasted are significantly associated with the mother's BMI status and the child's sex. A child's sex and birth order are significantly associated with children being overweight. Mother's age, mother's education, father's education, place of residence and wealth index are significant determinants for mothers being underweight, whereas mother's age, mother's occupation, father's education, father's occupation, place of residence and wealth index are significant determinants for mothers being overweight. Conclusion: In addition to essential nutrition interventions, it is vital to address the basic social-economic and demographic determinants.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-12T07:10:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231200521
       
  • A comparison of rapid weight loss practices within international, national
           and regional powerlifters

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      Authors: Paul Campbell, Daniel Martin, Melissa J Bargh, Thomas I Gee
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Rapid weight loss (RWL) practices are common amongst strength-sport athletes to ‘make weight’ for a chosen weight class. Aim: This study compared the RWL practices of International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) powerlifters from Great Britain. Methods: Participants (n = 69, male = 36, female = 33) were recruited from IPF lifting populations (mandatory 5%), this should be cautioned against given the IPF's mandatory
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-12T06:36:46Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201892
       
  • Impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis: A narrative
           review

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      Authors: Nauman Khalid
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Processed and semi-processed foods are getting popular in the diets of the Western population. The Western diet is almost coupled with consuming carbonated beverages, either alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The presence of sugar, caffeine, and alcohol in different carbonated beverages and detrimental dietary patterns are leading causes of obesity, diabetes, and periodontal diseases in the young population. Aims: This article aims to review the impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis. Methods: A nonsystematic literature review searches in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases with predefined terms relating to carbonated beverages, caffeine intake, childhood obesity, osteoporosis, and bone softness. Results: Bone diseases significantly increase due to early exposure to caffeine and phosphoric acid in the pubertal period. Musculoskeletal growth is a dynamic and complex process, and bone mass achievement is of great importance in this process. According to the global burden of diseases, bone disorders consist of “6.8% of total disability-adjusted life-years.” The consumption of soft drinks and their impact on bone accretion and bone mineral density in the young population is under research in the current literature on osteoporotic disorders. Since bone is a metabolically active tissue, it's in constant reconstruction mode. This process is regulated by genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and physical factors. Any imbalance in one of these processes might lead to mineral deposition and osteoporosis. Conclusion: Habitual intake of carbonated drinks with added sugars and caffeine is associated with increased body weight and bone fragility; stringent regulations are needed for proper education.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-12T06:35:59Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201890
       
  • Incorrect analysis in “Effects of the application of a food
           processing-based classification system in obese women: A randomized
           controlled pilot study” has resulted in incorrect conclusions of
           demonstrated effects where no such effects have been demonstrated

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      Authors: Luis-Enrique Becerra-Garcia, Aaron D. Cohen, Xiwei Chen, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Anna L. M. Macagno, David B. Allison
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      In their 2023 Nutrition and Health paper “Effects of the application of a food processing-based classification system in obese women: A randomized controlled pilot study”, Giacomello et al. investigated the effects of an educational intervention based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population among obese women. The authors concluded that the intervention significantly improved weight loss, quality of life, components of metabolic syndrome, and pain. However, we believe the statistical analysis employed in the study was flawed. The authors used within-group changes to draw conclusions, which is known as a difference in nominal significance error. This error has the potential to inflate Type I error rates substantially. To address this issue, we re-analyzed the data obtained from the authors. We focused on body mass and hip circumference and replicated the incorrectly chosen within-group analyses, which remained significant. However, to properly evaluate the intervention's effectiveness, it is essential to compare the differences between the groups directly. Therefore, we calculated change scores for each participant and used independent samples t-tests and linear mixed models to compare between-group differences. Both methods yielded similar non-significant p-values, indicating that there is no significant effect of treatment on body mass or hip circumference. The original paper's conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the intervention are not supported by the proper statistical analysis. The data should be re-analyzed using appropriate between-group comparisons, and the corrected results should be published, or the incorrect results and original paper should be retracted.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-06T07:33:34Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231194653
       
  • Impact of COVID-19 on food behavior and diet in Qatar: A cross-sectional
           survey on the Omicron variant

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      Authors: Tarek Ben Hassen, Chedli Baya Chatti, Hamid El Bilali
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      PurposeThe emergence of the Omicron variant in November 2021 appears to have impacted food-related activities and behaviors and caused disruptions in food supply systems. Accordingly, this article aims to explore the effects of the Omicron variant on consumers’ food-related behaviors in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on an online survey performed in Qatar in December 2021 and January 2022. The survey consisted of 23 questions arranged into three sections, including both multiple-choice and one-option items. There were 459 valid responses in total.FindingsThe Omicron variant has altered diets and food shopping in Qatar. Indeed, the findings indicated (i) consumers in Qatar are shopping less often and purchasing more each trip; (ii) an increase in food online shopping; (iii) an increase in the use of online applications to buy ready-made food; and (iv) an increase in the consumption of healthy foods, especially immunity-boosting ones. Furthermore, consumers’ awareness and general understanding regarding the virus, its transmission, food safety risks, etc., have evolved. On the one hand, consumers take precautionary measures to protect themselves. On the other hand, they are learning to live with the virus.OriginalityThis research, along with subsequent ones, will provide the foundation for institutional and governmental readiness in the face of potential shocks, crises, and pandemics. The repercussions of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine on food systems throughout the globe (cf. food prices increase) imply that it's a crucial and pressing issue that needs immediate attention.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-09-06T06:56:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231189637
       
  • Effects of a low-iodine diet in post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients
           undergoing I131 therapy at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital

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      Authors: Bach Viet Hoang, Tien Thi Hong Nguyen, Yen Thi Duong, Hoa Thi Thanh Nguyen, Thu Ha Nguyen, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Lieu Thi Thu Nguyen, Huong Thi Le
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: I131 therapy is regarded as an “internal surgery” (i.e., a non-invasive approach involving no incision or bleeding) that supports “external surgery” (i.e., using a scalpel) in completely eradicating the root cause of thyroid cancer. Limiting iodine intake is of paramount importance in I131 therapy. I131 therapy protocols recommend that patients follow a low-iodine diet, ideally with a maximum iodine intake of 50 μg/day for two weeks before the I131 therapy. Methods: A pre–post compassion uncontrolled clinic intervention study was conducted on a group of over 70 post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients with indications for I131 therapy at the Vietnam National Cancer Hospital from December 2020 to December 2022. Aim: It aimed to assess the effects of a low-iodine diet on post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients with indications for I131 therapy. Results: The study found that following the intervention, the percentage of participants at risk of mild to moderate malnutrition, as assessed by the PG-SGA tool, decreased to 4.3% from 40.0% before the intervention, with a statistically significant difference of p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-28T05:15:42Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231197558
       
  • The placebo effect of a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution
           on strength endurance performance and psychological responses in trained
           individuals

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      Authors: Vitor de Salles Painelli, Edvania Fernandes, Cayque Brietzke, Flávio O. Pires
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: The pink color enhances the perceived sweetness, increasing the individuals’ expectation of the presence of sugar/carbohydrate in a beverage. Hence, it is plausible to speculate that providing a pink solution during exercise could induce an ergogenic benefit through a potential placebo effect. Aim: We examined whether ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve endurance strength exercise performance and psychological responses. Methods: Eighteen strength-trained individuals (34 ± 7 y; 1.74 ± 0.06 m; 79.86 ± 10.91 kg) completed three experimental trials in a randomized, single-blind, crossover counterbalanced fashion. In each trial, participants performed a 5-set strength endurance test at 70% of the one-repetition maximum in the bench press exercise, interspersed by 2 min. Before each set, participants ingested either a pink (PINK) or a transparent (TRANSP) non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution. A session without ingestion (CON) was also completed. Total number of repetitions and psychological responses such as motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained throughout the exercise protocol. Results: Total repetitions improved in PINK (60 ± 12 reps) compared to TRANSP (p = 0.03; 56 ± 10 reps; ES = 0.22; ±3.8%) and CON (p = 0.01; 56 ± 9 reps; ES = 0.33; ±6.6%), but no difference occurred between TRANSP and CON (p = 0.84; ES = 0.12; ±2.4%). Comparable responses were observed in motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion in PINK, TRANSP, and CON trials (all, p > 0.05), despite the greater total physical work performed in PINK trial. Conclusion: Ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved strength endurance performance with comparable psychological responses. These results have implications for future nutritional studies and performance assessments in real-world sports scenarios.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-23T05:08:07Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231196590
       
  • Dietary intake and status of selenium in breast milk and serum of
           lactating mothers in Awka, South East Nigeria

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      Authors: Nkiru N Ezeama, Nene Okunna, Onyenmechi J Afonne
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Selenium is an essential micronutrient for human growth and development. Breast milk is usually the primary source of this nutrient for infants which is fundamental for their healthy brain development; its deficiency can lead to severe neurocognitive outcomes. The concentration of selenium in breast milk is dependent on the maternal diet. Aim: This study assessed associations between maternal diet and levels of selenium concentrations in breastmilk and serum of 124 lactating mothers. Methods: Breast milk and serum samples were collected from lactating mothers whose breast-fed infant was at least one month old. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on dietary intake. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while paired t-test was used to determine any statistically significant differences between sample means. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine associations between breast milk and serum selenium concentrations and study variables. Results: Average time postpartum was 2.9 months while mean concentrations of selenium in breast milk and serum were 6.57 ± 2.69 and 68.48 ± 26.86 µg/L, respectively. Levels of selenium in breast milk and serum were deficient for more than half of the lactating mothers. No statistically significant associations were found between breast milk selenium concentration and time postpartum as well as maternal diet except for eggs (r = 0.23, p = 0.01). Conclusion: The evidence of deficient concentrations of breast milk selenium indicates a poor correlation with maternal diet and suggests the need for postpartum screening of breastfeeding mothers.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-17T06:13:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231195083
       
  • Parental relationships, emotion regulation and orthorexia: A study on
           adolescent athletes

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      Authors: Giulio D’Urso, Maynard Andrea, Lionetti Francesca, Spinelli Maria, Fasolo Mirco
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: This study seeks to further our understanding of the factors associated with adolescent athletes and disordered eating, by expanding current research into a less-explored eating disorder known as orthorexia. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the impact of parents’ relationships and emotional regulation on the orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies of adolescent athletes. Methods: The participants were 303 adolescents, ranging from 15 to 17 years old, of which 139 participated in competitive sport, and 164 did not. Three self-report questionnaires were administered to assess orthorexia (ORTO-15), relationship with parents (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire). Results: The results highlight that those who practice sports report higher levels of orthorexia, inadequate relationships with parents, as well as greater emotional regulation difficulties. Furthermore, inadequate parents’ relationship predicts orthorexia while expressive emotional regulation mediates this relationship. Conclusion: These findings highlight how ON tendencies in athletes are linked to poor management of emotions combined with inadequate relationships with parents in terms of communication and affection. Implications for practice and support for athletes are discussed.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-17T06:12:39Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231194825
       
  • Functional nutrition for the health of exercising individuals and elite
           sportspersons

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      Authors: Venkata Rajasekhar Kali, Sandhya Sree Meda
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      IntroductionElite sportspersons who are involved in high-intensity physical sports indulge in severe training and competition schedules, which exposes them to high levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress, hence it may hamper their health sometimes. Disturbance in the health of sportspersons also induces compromised performances.The premise for functional nutritionFunctional nutrition is essential for elite sportspersons training for securing both rest and recovery to have proper health and anticipated performance. Apart from serving the energy needs of the sportspersons, the nutrition strategies should provide them with certain metabolic advantages, which provide greater health and immunity, to ensure proper training and competition. The diet of the sportspersons needs to contain appropriate anti-inflammatory and antioxidative nutrients, to ensure to reduction and control of the physiological stress of tissues during high-intensity physical sports, especially during marathon running. Preserving anabolic valence among sportspersons for muscle myokine optimization is an essential aspect of sports nutrition, which secures health and provides excellent performance potential. Preservation and optimization of gut microbiome among sportspersons enhance immune health and performance, through proper gut integrity and enhanced metabolic cascades. As the genes are to be properly expressed for excellent manifestation in protein synthesis and other metabolic signaling, achieving genetic valance through proper nutrition ensures the health of the sportspersons.ConclusionFunctional nutrition seems a very necessary and potent factor in the training and competition aspects of elite sportspersons since nutrition not only provides recovery but also ensures proper health for elite sportspersons.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-16T06:44:05Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231191865
       
  • Nutritional aspects of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in
           Turkey

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      Authors: Cansu Kök Şan, Gülden F Gökçay
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in the variety and consumption of commercial infant and toddler food products. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional profiles of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the nutritional composition of products available at in-store and online supermarkets in Turkey was derived from the nutritional information panel on the product label or information provided on manufacturer websites in March 2023. The targeted age group, package type, serving size, ingredients list, and nutrition information (energy [kcal], protein [g], total fat [g], carbohydrate [g], dietary fiber [g], total sugar [g], and sodium [mg] per 100 g) were recorded. Results: Of the 189 products identified, more than 90% (n = 47) of the first foods were fruit-based, while 2% (n = 4) contained only vegetables. Almost half of the products (n = 89, 49%) contained added sugar or sweeteners, 41 (22%) had added sugar, and 1 in 3 products (n = 68, 36%) had sugar from fruit-based sources. One in 10 products (n = 18, 9.5%) contained added salt while 40% of the products (n = 76) were above the WHO Europe sodium standards. Almost half of the products (n = 6, 46%) targeting the 12 months older age group were pureed foods using squeeze pouch packaging. Conclusions: The majority of commercial infant and toddler food products did not adhere to nutrition guidelines. There is a need for stronger composition standards for commercial infant and toddler food products by reducing sugar and sodium content, reducing the use of fruits and sweet vegetables, and increasing the variety of products containing different types of vegetables.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-14T05:45:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231194652
       
  • Ketogenic diet: Assessing YouTube video information using quality,
           reliability, and text analytics methods

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      Authors: Avinash Rana, Monika Arora
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      ObjectivePatients and the general audience refer social media platforms, such as YouTube, to learn and apply contemporary dietary methods. It is difficult for users to analyze the correctness and quality of information available on open platforms. Using scientific evaluation, this study assessed the quality, reliability, and content of YouTube videos on ketogenic diet (KD).MethodsThree experienced medical practitioners reviewed and evaluated 95 videos. The quality and reliability of the videos were assessed using the quality criteria for consumer health information and the global quality scale (GQS). Topic modeling and sentiment analysis were employed to determine the dominant themes and polarity of the information.ResultsThree types of publishers (doctors, educational institutions, and influencers) were identified for the study. The mean length of videos posted by doctors was high at 42.24 min. The reliability and quality scores ranging from 0 (low) to 5 (high) had an average of 3.08 ± 1.14 and 3.18 ± 1.18, respectively, for sampled videos. One-way analysis of variance reveals significant differences in DISCERN and GQS scores among doctors, educational institutions, and influencers. Topic discovery identified four themes: keto versus glucose, diabetes, KD food, and major chronic diseases. Sentiment analysis reveals positive content polarity, some content shared by doctors had a neutral sentiment.ConclusionContent creators should augment the content by citing medical information and terminology. Viewers relied more on doctors for information related to KD. The aesthetic quality is high for all types of publishers. Publishers could focus on the discovered themes to create more content. Publishers should produce high-quality videos by improving esthetics (to increase engagement), and reliable medical information (to increase impact).
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-08-10T05:58:28Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231193789
       
  • Serum zinc levels in youth with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
           and anorexia nervosa: Clinical correlation with weight and psychopathology
           

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      Authors: Fauzia Mahr, Marley G Billman Miller, Marlana A Quaill, Sheryl A Ryan, Tania Nadeem
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by restrictive eating and micronutrient deficiencies. While zinc deficiency has been identified in AN, zinc level in ARFID has not been systematically assessed.AimExamine serum zinc levels and their association with eating pathology, psychopathology, and executive functioning in youth with ARFID and AN.MethodsThis study included 28 adolescents (Mage = 13, 75% female) receiving treatment for ARFID (n = 13) and AN (n = 15). Demographic data and intake mood metrics were obtained via chart review. Participants completed the Delis–Kaplan Executive Functioning Systems and their mothers completed the behavior rating inventory of executive function (BRIEF-2). Zinc level was collected via blood draw. Independent samples t-tests, Pearson's chi-square, and Pearson's correlations were used to evaluate between-group differences and the relationship between zinc level and clinical correlates.ResultsNo between-groups differences emerged in zinc levels, though half the sample demonstrated low levels for their ages. No significant correlations were found between zinc level and demographic data, mood measures, or executive functioning tasks. AN had relatively lower zinc levels, higher eating pathology, and anxiety, though ARFID had a longer duration of illness. Correlations between zinc and BRIEF-2 scores were mixed.ConclusionThis is the first study to systematically assess zinc levels in ARFID. While there were no group differences for zinc levels, 50% of the sample had low zinc levels. Zinc level did not correlate with higher psychopathology. Monitoring zinc levels throughout treatment in the context of anabolic processes can inform treatment strategies.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-28T06:52:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231191658
       
  • Combined low-carbohydrate diet and long-term exercise in hypoxia in type 2
           diabetes: A randomized controlled trial protocol to assess glycemic
           control, cardiovascular risk factors and body composition

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      Authors: Raquel Kindlovits, Ana C Sousa, João L Viana, Jaime Milheiro, Franklim Marques, Vitor H Teixeira
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Low-carbohydrate diet has gained popularity as an intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, acting to improve glycemic profile and serum lipids. In its turn, exercise in hypoxia induces specific adaptations, mostly modulated via hypoxia-induced transcription factor signaling cascade, which increases with exposure to altitude, and promotes angiogenesis, glycogen supply, glucose tolerance, and raises GLUT-4 expression. Aim: Given that hyperglycemia decreases HIF-1α and it is better controlled when following a low-carbohydrate diet, this study aims to examine the hypothesis that a combination of both low-carbohydrate diet and chronic exercise in hypoxia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with improved glycemic control and cardiovascular parameters, whose protocol is described. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 48) will be recruited and randomized into one of the three groups: (a) Control group: Control diet (low-fat and moderate-carbohydrate diet) + exercise in normoxia; (2) exercise in hypoxia group: Control diet + exercise in hypoxia; (3) intervention group: Low-carbohydrate diet (low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet) + exercise in hypoxia. Before and after 8 weeks of interventions, cardiopulmonary tests (Bruce protocol), body composition and blood pressure will be evaluated. Blood samples will be collected to measure hypoxia-induced transcription factor, C-reactive protein, glycemic and lipid profiles. Summary: This will be the first trial to examine the isolated and combined effect of chronic exercise in hypoxia and low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trial will help to fill a significant research gap, guide future research and contribute to the combined nutrition and exercise approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-27T08:08:34Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231190663
       
  • Does the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic actually cause dysfunctional dietary
           behavior' A comment on Dinse et al. (2023)

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      Authors: Adrian Meule
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Based on a recent cross-sectional study using self-report questionnaires, Dinse and colleagues (2023) claim that this study shows that “the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes a dysfunctional dietary behavior” (title) and that the “data clearly show that psychological burdens affect an individual's dietary behavior” (abstract). This commentary argues that these claims are unfounded. Specifically, it highlights some issues regarding the statistical analyses that refer to artificial categorization of continuous variables, use of covariates, and interpreting differential associations between two variables as a function of third variables, which would require formal tests of interaction effects. Importantly, not only the cross-sectional nature of the study but also the wording used in the questionnaires prevents drawing any causal inferences about associations between study variables. Thus, the results of this study neither indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes dysfunctional dietary behavior nor that such a dietary behavior is affected by psychological distress.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-24T08:59:19Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231189314
       
  • Supporting optimal dietary behaviors in women with perinatal depression: A
           qualitative exploration of experiences, practices, and challenges

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      Authors: Cynthia Klobodu, Dahlia Stott, Lisa A Chiarello, Bobbie Posmontier, Mona Elgohail, Pamela A Geller, June A Horowitz, Brandy-Joe Milliron
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundWomen with perinatal depression (PD) are at high risk for unhealthy dietary behaviors and suboptimal child feeding practices. Despite evidence supporting the importance of healthful nutrition-related behaviors during and after pregnancy, few behavioral nutrition interventions for women with PD have been developed. The objectives of this study were to identify nutrition-related challenges and needs among women with PD and to elucidate the role that feeding plays in mother–infant interaction, to inform the development of nutrition interventions.MethodsUsing a qualitative study design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 mothers with a history of PD and 10 interdisciplinary healthcare providers with expertise in PD. Data were thematically analyzed using a hybrid inductive and deductive coding approach.ResultsMean age of mothers was 31 ± 6 years, 56% identified as non-Hispanic White, and 33% identified as Black/African American. Eighty percent of healthcare providers practiced for more than five years. Six themes were identified: (a) Time scarcity mindset; (b) Importance of social support; (c) Unrealistic expectations of motherhood; (d) Mom as the last priority; (e) Postpartum body changes and shape ideals; and (f) Contentment associated with infant and young child feeding.ConclusionWomen with PD have several needs pertaining to their nutrition and that of their children. The findings from this study illustrate key considerations and recommendations for addressing these needs.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-19T07:04:02Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187986
       
  • Vegan and vegetarian males and females have higher orthorexic traits than
           omnivores, and are motivated in their food choice by factors including
           ethics and weight control

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      Authors: Rebecca Reynolds, Andrea McGowan, Sophie Smith, Patrick Rawstorne
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundEvidence associating plant-based diets with the proposed ‘obsessively healthy eating’ eating disorder, orthorexia nervosa, has mostly focused on females. Diet motivations have seldom been assessed.AimTo compare orthorexic tendencies between vegans/vegetarians and omnivores of both sexes, and reasons behind food choice with an English-validated Food Choice Questionnaire.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 444 males and females were recruited via social media, email, and Amazon MTurk; to investigate eating patterns, orthorexic tendencies using the ORTO-15 questionnaire, and eating motivations using the Food Choice Questionnaire.ResultsOver half of the participants were male (53.4%), younger adults (mean ± SD 37.2 ± 11.2 years), and mostly from the United States (89%). Vegan and vegetarian eating habits were reported by 15.8% of people. Vegans/vegetarians had significantly higher orthorexic tendencies than omnivores, and chose food significantly more often for Weight Control, Ethical Concern, Natural Content, and Mood reasons. People with greater orthorexic tendencies (ORTO-15 score
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-19T07:03:23Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187924
       
  • The effects of extra virgin olive oil or butter on cardiovascular
           biomarkers in European and Chinese males in the UK: A pilot randomised
           crossover trial

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      Authors: Fan Liang, Julie Young, Georgios Koutsidis, Jose Lara Gallegos
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Purpose: No dietary interventional studies have reported the impact of olive oil on cardiovascular risk markers in groups of different ethnic origins. We report a pilot randomised controlled trial of an intervention supplementing extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on markers of cardiovascular risk among East Asian Chinese, and European Caucasian individuals. Methods: A cross-over, randomised controlled dietary intervention for 2 weeks was undertaken. Thirty-two adults, healthy, individuals of Chinese and European origin took part in this study. 24-h ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and blood lipids, were assessed. Results: Positive benefits of EVOO consumption were observed in all participants. Lower 24-h ambulatory SBP (−4.3 mmHg; p = 0.020), and day-time SBP (5.528 mmHg; p = 0.008), night-time DBP (−3.784 mmHg; p = 0.008) and night-time MAP (−3.747 mmHg; p = 0.007) were seen in all participants independently of covariates. In addition, total cholesterol (7.9 mg/dL; p = 0.017) and LDL-cholesterol (6.5 mg/dL; p = 0.028) were increased with butter but not with olive oil. No significant difference in other cardiovascular risk factors were observed. However, differences were observed between Caucasians and East Asian individuals in the absence of significant differences in lifestyle. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that consumption of EVOO should be advocated as a healthier dietary fat and recommended to replace butter as a dietary strategy to improve cardiovascular health in both Caucasians and East Asian individuals.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-18T07:34:29Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187516
       
  • Endurance training and L-arginine intake: Their effect on antioxidant
           indices in the heart muscles of rats

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      Authors: Dara Latif Saifaddin, Saiwan Sirwan Mohammed, Hiwa Ahmed Rahim, Nasser Ghanbari, Dashni Anwer Kareem, Hassan Hashem Abdollah, Salah Mahmood Omar
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: One of the side effects of doing sports activities is the increase of free radicals and oxidative stress. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of increasing endurance training with L-arginine supplementation on oxidative indices in the cardiac organ of male Wistar rats. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups control, L-arginine, endurance training, and L-arginine plus endurance training. Animals in the endurance training groups completed increasing endurance training on a motorized treadmill (60-min/session, 5 times/week) for 8 weeks. Animals in the L-arginine groups consumed an L-arginine solution daily (4 mg/kg/body weight). In the supplement group, L-arginine was given to the mice as a solution in water and as a gavage. Forty- eight hours after the last endurance training session, a heart tissue sample was taken and placed in an RNAlater liquid. Spectrophotometry and an ELISA kit were used to calculate the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: The present study showed that endurance training and L-arginine consumption did not affect SOD activity. L-arginine intake increased GPX. Endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA compared to the supplemented group (p = 0.01). Also, the consumption of L-arginine significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity TAC in the supplement group compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that taking an L-arginine supplement can increase antioxidant enzymes.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-18T07:02:28Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187514
       
  • Assessing the longitudinal relationship between whole egg consumption and
           cognition in Chinese older adults

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      Authors: Ruopeng An, Shanshan Wang
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundGiven China's fast-growing aging population, cognitive decline is a leading public health concern. Eggs are an affordable food rich in several shortfall nutrients that may benefit cognitive health.AimThis study assessed the longitudinal relationship between whole egg consumption and cognition among older adults in China.MethodsIndividual-level data of 4737 Chinese adults 55+ years came from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1997–2006 waves. Daily egg consumption was measured using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive functioning was assessed with immediate and delayed recall of a 10-word list, counting backward from 20, and serial 7 subtraction. Multivariate mixed-effects regressions were performed to estimate the longitudinal associations between daily whole egg consumption and cognitive functioning in older Chinese adults.ResultsApproximately 46% of CHNS participants were whole egg consumers, and their daily intake averaged 47.4 g. The overall cognitive functioning test scores, separate scores for cognitive functioning subdomains, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment at the baseline were modestly higher among whole egg consumers than nonconsumers. However, after adjusting for individual characteristics, multivariate mixed-effects regressions did not find daily whole egg consumption to be associated with cognitive functioning among CHNS participants. By contrast, several demographic and socioeconomic factors, such as age, education attainment, and health insurance coverage, were found to correlate with older Chinese adults’ cognition.ConclusionThis study has measurement and design limitations. Future research should investigate the causal impact of habitual egg intake on different domains of cognition using experimental designs with an extended follow-up period.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-18T07:02:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186648
       
  • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence: A
           narrative systematic review

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      Authors: Francesca Farrugia, Daniel Refalo, David Bonello, Sarah Cuschieri
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic upended many aspects of daily life. For some individuals, this was an opportunity to re-evaluate their life and make better choices, while others were overwhelmed with stressors, leading to a deterioration in mental and physical health.AimThe aim of this narrative systematic review is to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence.MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases utilising the search terms ‘Mediterranean diet’ AND ‘COVID-19’. This yielded 73 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe data suggests that a substantial proportion of individuals adhered less to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, individuals receiving some form of lifestyle intervention had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their unassisted counterparts.ConclusionThis emphasises the importance of professional support during times of crisis to avoid deterioration of a population's health.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-13T06:39:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187511
       
  • Policy framework that addresses malnutrition in Namibia: A retrospective
           qualitative review

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      Authors: George Waliomuzibu Mukisa, Tonderai W Shumba, Andrit Lourens
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundAlthough Namibia has made strides in improving the policy enabling environment, eradication of malnutrition is still elusive.ObjectiveThis review was aimed at determining the extent to which food and nutrition-related policies in Namibia address malnutrition.MethodsThis study used a qualitative approach by retrospectively analysing policy frameworks that address malnutrition in Namibia from 1991 to 2022. The analysis employed the policy triangle framework to elucidate the contextual factors, content, actors and process involved in the policy development. Moreover, a comparative analysis of Namibian policies and those of other southern African countries was undertaken.ResultsThe review showed that there is a considerable degree of coherence in policy goals and strategies to address malnutrition despite parallel coordination structures. Policy process involved limited consultations with local communities which might have jeopardised the formulation of community problem-tailored interventions, ownership and participation in policy implementation. There is a strong political commitment to the eradication of malnutrition in Namibia. The Office of the Prime Minister played a leading role in policy development. Influential actors such as the UN agencies elevated the nutrition agenda. Further, the Namibian policy framework was generally similar to those of other southern African countries.ConclusionsThe review showed that Namibia has relevant and comprehensive policies to address malnutrition, however, contextual factors indicated high levels of malnutrition still exist in the communities. Further research is needed to understand the barriers and enablers to optimal nutrition for children under five years in Namibia.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-11T09:46:16Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231185815
       
  • Taste receptors influencing effective modalities in human health – A
           cutting edge update on TAS1R and TAS2R receptor polymorphisms in taste
           perception and disease risk

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      Authors: Crystal Sara Shaji, Radha Saraswathy
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Taste is the characteristic sensory modality of the gustatory system associated with dietary intake. The ability of humans to perceive different tastes is predisposed by the activity of taste receptors. The expression of TAS1R family of genes enables the detection of sweetness and umaminess, whereas TAS2R enables the detection of bitterness. The varying levels of expression of these genes within different organs of the gastro-intestinal tract, regulates the metabolism of biomolecules including carbohydrates and proteins. Variations in the gene encoding for taste receptors might affect its binding affinity to tastant molecules and thereby pertain to varying degrees of sensation to taste among individuals. Aim: The goal of this review is to highlight the significant role of TAS1R and TAS2R as a potential biomarker to identify the incidence of morbidities and its probable onset. Method: We thoroughly investigated the SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases for literature relating to the association between TAS1R and TAS2R receptors in highlighting the genetic variation during various health morbidities. Results: It has been shown that the abnormalities in taste perception restrain an individual from consuming the adequate amount of food. Taste receptors not only influence the dietary habits but also determine different aspects of human health and well-being. Conclusion: According to the available evidence the dietary molecules conferring varying taste modalities are observed to have therapeutic significance apart from its nutritive value. The taste associated incongruous dietary pattern is a risk factor for various morbidities including obesity, depression, hyperglyceridaemia, and cancers.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-10T07:24:16Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186865
       
  • Socio-ecological influences on adolescent dietary typologies

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      Authors: Hannah C. Greatwood, Suzanne McGregor, Lauren C. Duckworth, Claire Griffiths
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Dietary behaviours of adolescence are concerning, and this may impact long-term well-being. Aim: This study examined the socio-ecological determinants of dietary behaviours in a national prospective cohort study of English adolescents. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to identify the typologies of eight dietary behaviours: fruit, vegetable, breakfast, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificial-sweetened beverages, fast-food, bread, and milk from 7402 adolescents aged 13–15 years (mean 13.8 ± 0.45 years) (50.3% female and 71.3% white ethnicity) participating in the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study (sixth survey). Multinomial logistic regression and path analysis predicted associations between personal characteristics, individual, influential others, social environment and physical environment determinants and three distinct diet typologies: (1) healthy, (2) less-healthy and (3) mixed, (reference category = mixed). Results: Within Path analysis, the magnitudes of coefficients were small to moderate suggesting a relatively weak relationship between the variables. Model 1 reported adolescents within the less-healthy compared to mixed typology had lower levels of physical activity (β = 0.074, 95% CI = −0.115, −0.033), and have siblings (β = 0.246, 95% CI = 0.105, 0.387). Model 2 reported adolescents within the healthy compared to mixed typology had lower screen time (β = 0.104, 95% CI = 0.067, 0.141), and lower social media usage (β = 0.035, 95% CI = 0.024, 0.046). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering multiple dietary determinants. These findings are likely to be useful in supporting the development of multi-faceted interventions. They emphasise the need to move away from investigating silo behaviours on individual diet components and a step towards more systems thinking to improve adolescent eating behaviours.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-10T02:40:20Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186297
       
  • A process evaluation of a health promotion intervention to increase
           breakfast consumption in children

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      Authors: Yanming Lu
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThis study, part of a community-based nutrition study, aimed to understand the participating experiences of a one-month health promotion intervention in children and parents. The intervention aimed at prompting breakfast consumption amongst children. The specific intervention strategies consisted of mobile text messaging relating to how to cook nutritious and fast breakfast, breakfast-related cartoons provided for children, and group information sessions relating to breakfast consumption for parents.MethodsThis study, a process evaluation, conducted 30 individual semi-structured interviews.ResultsText messaging may be a feasible delivery modality to promote breakfast consumption in children. The extensive contact intensity or amount of intervention strategies may have an adverse impact on prompting breakfast consumption. Disease- and risk-related educational content has the potential to promote breakfast consumption in children.ConclusionText messaging shows promise in increasing breakfast consumption in children, with careful design of contact intensity of educational intervention strategies warranted in the intervention planning process. Content related to the side-effects of breakfast skipping has the potential to promote breakfast consumption in children. However, future research is required to fully understand the quality and effectiveness of these intervention strategies, employing quantitative methodologies.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-07T06:44:47Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231187274
       
  • Biological properties of extracts from the mixture of honey and berries of
           Pistacia lentiscus

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      Authors: Rabha Ayad, Nadia Amessis-Ouchemoukh, Amar Otmani, Nawel Guenaoui, Dyhia Sadou, Khodir Madani, Salim Ouchemoukh
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Honey is a product of the hive elaborated by the bees of the species Apis mellifera. As well as Pistacia lentiscus, is a species widely used in traditional medicine that is part of a large family of Anacardiaceae. Aims: To determine the biological properties including the antioxidant activity of the mixture of the extract of P. lentiscus berries associated with honey at different concentrations (0.5%, 2%, 4%, 8% and 12%). Methods: Physicochemical parameters and phenolic compound amounts. The antioxidant activities (reducing power, FRAP, CUPRAC, TAC, DPPH, ABTS, and ferrozine) were also tested. Results: According to the physico-chemical parameters, the honey and the mixture analyzed are in conformity with the international standards. The results of the antioxidant assay gave a significant content of total phenolic compounds for the H/DP mixtures, the sample of honey alone analyzed exerts a weak antioxidant activity compared to the two mixtures made. Conclusion: The honey and Pistacia compound constitute an important source of antioxidants which intensifies very significantly the antioxidant activity of the blend.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-06T06:48:20Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231183734
       
  • The effect of curcumin supplementation on functional strength outcomes and
           markers of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and
           meta-analysis

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      Authors: Robert A Oxley, Daniel J. Peart
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa L (turmeric) plant and has gained attention through its perceived anti-inflammatory characteristics. The potential interaction with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has led to investigation of curcumin as a post-exercise strategy that may have the potential to lessen acute reductions in functional strength (FS) following physical activity. Aim: The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence examining curcumin in relation to four outcome measures: FS, EIMD, DOMS and inflammation. Methods: A Medline, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL database search was undertaken with no publication date limit. Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Three meta-analyses were completed for EIMD, DOMS and inflammation, respectively, with FS being excluded due to limited research. Results: Effect sizes were as follows: EIMD (0.15, −0.12, −0.04, −0.2 and −0.61 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively), DOMS (−0.64, −0.33, 0.06, −0.53 and −1.16 corresponding to 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exercise, respectively) and inflammation (−0.10, 0.26, 0.15 and 0.26 corresponding to 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise, respectively). A 96 h post-exercise inflammation meta-analysis was not conducted due to limited data. Conclusion: No effect sizes were statistically significant for EIMD (p = 0.644, 0.739, 0.893, 0.601 and 0.134), DOMS (p = 0.054, 0.092, 0.908, 0.119 and 0.074) and inflammation (p = 0.729, 0.603, 0.611 and 0.396). Further research is needed to thoroughly examine whether an effect exists.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-06T06:11:31Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186439
       
  • The effect of nutrition on sleeve gastrectomy patients’ weight loss,
           biochemical measurements, and comorbids: A clinical study

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      Authors: Seher Dallı Şen, Nihal Zekiye Erdem
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThis study investigates the effect of a nutrition program applied to patients as per bariatric surgery protocol at the sixth month postoperative. The study also compares and contrasts the postoperative findings with preoperative data.MethodsTwenty severely obese sleeve gastrectomy patients between the ages of 18–65 participated in the study. Energy requirements were calculated as 22 kcal/ideal body weight (kg/day) and protein requirements as 1.5 g/ideal body weight (kg/day). The study evaluates patients’ anthropometric and biochemical measurements, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass (%), weight loss (%), excess weight loss (%), comorbids, and dietary habits at the third and sixth months preoperative and postoperative. Patients’ daily macro-micronutrient intake was also calculated. The Friedman Test and Cochran's Q test were performed to determine statistically significant data (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-05T06:42:03Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231186847
       
  • Influences of Curcuma Longa (turmeric) supplemented diet on the expression
           of defensive and destructive factors in indomethacin-induced ulcerated
           Wistar rats

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      Authors: Ajayi Olubunmi Bolanle, Oluwafemi Adekemi Grace
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundTurmeric (Curcuma longa) L. has been recognized as a plant with high medicinal value and it has been used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Different studies have shown that turmeric has both therapeutic and preventive effects on peptic ulcer. However, there are controversial reports about the anti-ulcerogenic potential of turmeric. Some studies also suggested that turmeric could be ulcerogenic when consumed in large quantity with no mention of the concentration at which this could take place.AimThis study examined the influences of different concentration of turmeric rhizome powder supplemented diet on the gene expressions of both anti-ulcer and ulcer biomarkers in indomethacin-induced ulcerated rats.MethodsThe study was conducted through prophylactic treatment of test groups with turmeric at different percentage (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) for 28 days. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into seven groups namely A, B, C, D (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% groups respectively), E (standard drug group (STD)), F (ulcerogenic group) and G (normal control group (CTL)). At the end of 28 days, rats were fasted overnight and ulcer was induced in all the groups except group G by oral administration of 60mg/kg b.w (body weight) of indomethacin. The expression of defensive (Cyclo-oxygenase-1, MUCIN, and Hyme-oxygenase-1) and destructive factors (Pepsin) were then analyzed.ResultsResults showed that consumption of TRPSD at 1–5% increased the gene expression of protective factors when compared with animals in group F. Furthermore, Prophylactic treatment of test groups with TRPSD at 1%–5% significantly suppressed the gene expression of pepsin in comparison with animals in group F. However, TRPSD consumption at 10% down-regulated the gene expression of those protective factors. Similarly, at 10%, pepsin gene expression was not suppressed when compared with animals in group F. Conclusively, TRPSD could be gastro protective at 1%–5%. However, these potentials were abrogated in animals in group D indicating the ulcerogenic potential of turmeric at this concentration (10%) and its capability to enhance ulcerogenic action of indomethacin.ConclusionTurmeric rhizome powder (TRP) have anti-ulcerogenic potential and gastro-protective effect when consumed in appropriate concentration. Consumption of TRP at 10% concentration could enhance ulcerogenic action of indomethacin (NSAIDs) thus predisposing to ulcer. Effects of turmeric rhizome powder supplemented diet (TRPSD) on the mRNA expression of protective agents (cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1), mucin, and inducible heme-oxygenase (HO-1)) and destructive factor (pepsin), in indomethacin-induced ulcerated Wistar rats were explored in this paper. These were determined by prophylactic treatment of test groups with turmeric at different levels (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) for 28 days. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into seven groups namely A, B, C, D (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% groups respectively), E (standard drug group (STD)), F (ulcerogenic group) and G (normal control group (CTL)). The rats were fasted overnight and ulcer was induced in all the groups except group G by oral administration of 60mg/kg b.w (body weight) of indomethacin. The expression of defensive (Cyclo-oxygenase-1, MUCIN, and Hyme-oxygenase-1) and destructive factors (Pepsin) were then analyzed. Results showed that consumption of TRPSD at 1%–5% increased the gene expression of protective factors when compared with animals in group F. Furthermore, Prophylactic treatment of test groups with TRPSD at 1%–5% significantly suppressed the gene expression of pepsin in comparison with animals in group F. However, TRPSD consumption at 10% down-regulated the gene expression of those protective factors. Similarly, at 10%, pepsin gene expression was not suppressed when compared with animals in group F. Conclusively, TRPSD could be gastro protective at 1%–5%. However, these potentials were abrogated in animals in group D indicating the ulcerogenic potential of turmeric at this concentration (10%) and its capability to enhance ulcerogenic action of indomethacin.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-05T05:52:20Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231185607
       
  • Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards vitamin D and sun exposure of
           parents of infants and young children and health professionals in New
           Zealand

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      Authors: Pamela von Hurst, Hajar Mazahery, Esme Reynolds, Alexandra Thomson, Mia Franklin, Cathryn Conlon
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundVitamin D deficiency may result in adverse long-term health consequences in adulthood if it occurs during fetal development, infancy and childhood. To effectively improve vitamin D status of infants/toddlers, there needs to be knowledge and awareness of vitamin D among parents and health professionals.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate parents’ and health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards vitamin D and sun exposure over two timepoints.MethodsThe study was an ecological study over two timepoints (Parents 2009 and 2021; Health professionals 2010 and 2019) and used an online questionnaire.ResultsThe analysis included 9834 parents (2009 n = 8032; 2021 n = 1802) and 283 health professionals (2010 n = 193; 2019 n = 90). Parents and health professionals had good knowledge of vitamin D sources, roles and risk factors for deficiency over two timepoints. There were however some confusions regarding the vitamin D content of breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding as a risk factor for deficiency, and ineffectiveness of sun exposure through glass windows in relation to vitamin D synthesis. In 2019, only 37% of health professionals indicated giving advice on supplements for infants/toddlers. Most parents and health professionals believed there was not enough information available to parents regarding vitamin D (>90%) and that skin cancer prevention messages make it difficult to get information about vitamin D across (>70%).ConclusionAlthough parents and health professionals had good knowledge in most areas, knowledge of some specific sources and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency was poor.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-07-03T06:12:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231185190
       
  • Introducing a granule based protein substitute to the diet of a child with
           phenylketonuria to address reluctance to ingest phenylalanine-free protein
           substitute: A case report

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      Authors: Camille Newby
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Phenylalanine (Phe)-free protein substitutes are used within the management of phenylketonuria (PKU). However, adherence to the Phe-restricted diet is often challenging. A child (age 4.5 years) with PKU rejected the Phe-free protein substitutes used within her therapeutic diet, causing stress for herself and family at mealtimes. Switching to a new Phe-free protein substitute that can be mixed into other foods [PKU GOLIKE® (3–16)] provided an alternative strategy that was acceptable to the child. Good control of blood Phe was maintained. Newer Phe-free protein substitutes may provide a strategy for maintaining the therapeutic diet for PKU where the patient has difficulty doing so on standard substitutes. Here, the use of a Phe-free protein substitute with improved palatability and ease of use supported maintenance of the Phe-restricted diet for a child with PKU who struggled to maintain the diet on standard substitutes.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-27T06:29:12Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231184934
       
  • Food price and availability in Solomon Islands during COVID-19: A food
           environment survey

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      Authors: Penny Farrell, Jessica Bogard, Anne Marie Thow, Sinead Boylan, Ellen Johnson, Jillian Tutuo
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: In Solomon Islands, the retail food environment is an important food source, for instance, the dominant source of fresh fruit and vegetables for urban consumers is open markets. The effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures (such as restriction of human movement and border closures) in early 2020 placed food security at risk in many parts of the community. Of particular concern was the risk of price gouging in an already price-sensitive market. Aims: The study aimed to provide rapid and policy-relevant information on the pricing of foods in the urban food environment in Solomon Islands in the context of the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A vendor survey was conducted in July to August 2020 and repeated in July 2021 using a survey tool that collected information on type, quantity, and price of food on offer. Findings: We found price reductions among the majority of fresh fruit and non-starchy vegetables available. A trend of rising prices was reported for some other commodities, such as fresh locally caught fish. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the impact of 'schocks to the food system' on food prices as a potential barrier or enabler to consumption of fresh foods purchased from urban areas – an important finding in a price sensitive market. The survey design was successful in collecting pricing data from the retail food environment during a time of external ‘shock to the system’. Our approach is applicable to other settings needing a rapid survey of the external food environment.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-27T06:28:34Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231183592
       
  • Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement usage among children with
           disabilities: A systematic review

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      Authors: Julia Hayes, Michael Quiring, Marko Kerac, Tracey Smythe, Cally J Tann, Nora Groce, Zerihun Gultie, Lydia Nyesigomwe, Emily DeLacey
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Anthropometric measurements, including mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), are used for monitoring and evaluating children's nutritional status. Evidence is limited on optimal nutritional assessment for children with disabilities, who are at high risk for malnutrition. Aim: This study describes MUAC use among children with disabilities. Methods: Four databases (Embase, Global Health, Medline, and CINHAL) were searched from January 1990 through September 2021 using a predefined search strategy. Of the 305 publications screened, 32 papers were included. Data included children 6 months to 18 years old with disabilities. Data including general study characteristics, methods for MUAC measurement, terminology, and measurement references were extracted into Excel. Due to heterogeneity of the data, a narrative synthesis was used. Results: Studies from 24 countries indicate that MUAC is being used as part of nutritional assessment, but MUAC measurement methods, references, and cutoffs were inconsistent. Sixteen (50%) reported MUAC as a mean ± standard deviation (SD), 11 (34%) reported ranges or percentiles, 6 (19%) reported z-scores, and 4 (13%) used other methods. Fourteen (45%) studies included both MUAC and weight-for-height but nonstandard reporting limited comparability of the indicators for identifying those at risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: Although its speed, simplicity, and ease of use afford MUAC great potential for assessing children with disabilities, more research is needed to understand its appropriateness, and how it performs at identifying nutritionally high-risk children in comparison to other measures. Without validated inclusive measures to identify malnutrition and monitor growth and health, millions of children could have severe consequences for their development.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-20T02:45:12Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231181607
       
  • Cowpea isoflavones enhance the osteoblast differentiation and antioxidant
           capacity in synergy with vitamin D and β-carotene: A mechanistic in vitro
           study

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      Authors: Naresh Kumar Venna, Hauhnar Lalhruaitluanga, Suresh Challa
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Osteoporosis (OS) is a pathological condition that makes bones susceptible to fractures by affecting the balance between bone formation and resorption. Recent literature uncovered the possible potential of bioactive compounds with antioxidant mechanisms to counter the issue. Cowpea (CP) isoflavones based on our previous study, vitamin D and natural antioxidant β-carotene for its pleotropic protective effects were assessed alone and in combination. Aim: The study aims to assess the antioxidant and osteoblast differentiation abilities of cowpea isoflavones alone and in combination of vitamin D (VD) and β-carotene (BC) in the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos2. Methods: Saos2 cells were maintained in cell culture conditions and concentrations of CP extract (genistein  +  daidzein), BC and VD required to increase cell proliferation were estimated using MTT assay. Upon treating cells with the EC50 concentrations, lysates were prepared and levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin were evaluated using ELISA. Oxidative stress parameters and osteoblast differentiation markers were evaluated. Results: CP extract (genistein  +  daidzein), BC and VD concentrations which enhanced the cell proliferation rate were determined and elevated levels of ALP and osteocalcin upon treatment was observed. Anti-oxidant stress parameters studied showed an increase in cells upon treatment compared to control. Significant alterations in levels of protein involved in osteoblast differentiation are observed upon treatment. Conclusion: Cowpea isoflavones has shown a significant activity against OS by elevating antioxidant parameters and inducing osteoblast differentiation in the present study.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-20T02:44:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231181606
       
  • Development and evaluation of nursing intervention in preventing stunting
           in children of adolescent mothers: A mixed-methods research protocol

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      Authors: Erfina Erfina, Suni Hariati, Suryani Tawali
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Adolescent pregnancies are a global problem occurring in many countries. Adolescent pregnancy is a risk factor for stunting in children. Aim: This study was designed to develop and evaluation of nursing interventions to prevent stunting in children of adolescent mothers. Methods: A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design with two phases approach will be applied. Phase I is a qualitative phenomenology descriptive study that will be used. Participants will be adolescent pregnant women from several community health centers (Puskesmas) and healthcare staff in a community public center (Puskesmas) will be selected by purposive sampling. The study will be conducted at community health centers (Puskesmas) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data will be gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed using thematic analysis. Subsequently, an experimental pre–post-test design with a control group will be used to measure the effectiveness of the nursing intervention on preventing stunting among adolescent mothers in the quantitative phase by behavior toward stunting prevention for adolescent pregnancy and the nutritional status of children. Conclusion: This study will provide insight from both adolescent mothers’ and healthcare staff’s perspectives on stunting prevention including nutrition of adolescent pregnancy and breastfeeding. We will evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of nursing intervention in preventing stunting. This will contribute to the international literature on the use of healthcare staff at community health services (puskesmas) to achieve linear growth due to prolonged food insecurity and illnesses in childhood.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-19T03:15:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231181712
       
  • High prevalence of food insecurity in peri-urban communities in Karachi,
           Pakistan: The flood aftermath

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      Authors: Kaniz Amna Haider, Zoya Surani, Ayesha Khalid, Syed Ali Jaffar Zaidi, Rumassah Chohan, Zahra Hoodbhoy
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundFood insecurity (FI) is at a steep risk, especially in low middle-income countries. FI is further compounded in areas that experience environmental and economic instability, thus a reassessment in such critical times is required for burden estimation and to propose targeted interventions.AimsThe objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of, and sociodemographic factors associated with FI, as well as the coping strategies utilized in response to FI in peri-urban communities in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey from November-December 2022 on 400 households in four peri-urban communities in Karachi, Pakistan. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI) questionnaire were used to assess FI. A Poisson regression was used to assess associations between sociodemographic factors and FI.ResultsThe overall prevalence of FI was found to be 60.2% (n = 241) of which 33.8% (n = 135) were severely food insecure. Age, women's and breadwinners’ education, women's occupation, and parity were significantly associated with FI. Participants reported relying on less expensive foods (44%) and borrowing food or help from others (35%) as the most common coping strategies overall in the FI households.ConclusionWith more than half the households facing FI and adopting severe measures to cope in these communities, it is pivotal to design and test interventions that can withstand economic and climate catastrophes and help ensure a safety need for food security for the most vulnerable.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-14T07:03:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231182274
       
  • Low phytic acid pea supplementation as an approach to combating iron
           deficiency in female runners: A randomized control trial

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      Authors: Keely A. Shaw, Philip D. Chilibeck, Donna L. Lindsay, Thomas D. Warkentin, Jongbum Ko, Gordon A. Zello
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world and the leading cause of anemia globally. Female athletes are at a disproportionate risk for ID due to blood loss through menstruation and decreased iron absorption secondary to exercise. Field peas are a rich source of iron but, similar to iron from other plant-based sources, the iron has limited bioavailability due to high levels of phytic acid, an inherent compound that binds to cations, creating a salt (phytate), which limits absorption during digestion. Aim: The purpose of our research was to investigate the effect of a field pea variety bred to have low levels of phytic acid on plasma ferritin, exercise performance, and body composition in female runners. Methods: Twenty-eight female runners (age:34.6  ±  9.7 years; weight: 65.1  ±  8.1 kg; VO2max: 50.7  ±  8.9 ml/kg/min) underwent measures of ferritin, exercise performance, and body composition before and after being randomly assigned to consume a powder derived from regular peas, low phytic acid peas, or a non-pea control (maltodextrin), plus vitamin C for 8 weeks. Results: The regular pea and low phytic acid pea groups had a 14.4% and 5.1% increase in plasma ferritin, respectively, while the maltodextrin group had a decrease of 2.2%; however, the difference in changes between groups was not statistically significant. No differences between groups were evident in any of the other measures. Conclusion: Larger doses or longer duration of pea supplementation may be necessary to induce meaningful changes in iron status. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04872140).
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-09T05:58:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231181605
       
  • A systematic review of variations in circadian rhythm genes and type 2
           diabetes

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      Authors: Harry Stevens, Giulia Verdone, Leonie Lang, Catherine Graham, Leta Pilic, Yiannis Mavrommatis
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that has severe individual and societal consequences, which is forecast to worsen in the future. A new field of investigation is variations in circadian rhythm genes, in conjunction with diet and sleep variables, associations with, and effects on, type 2 diabetes development.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to analyse all current literature regarding circadian rhythm gene variations and type 2 diabetes, and explore their interplay with diet and sleep variables on type 2 diabetes outcomes. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021259682).MethodologyEmbase and Pubmed were searched on 6/8/2021/11/8/2021 for studies of all designs, including participants from both sexes, all ethnicities, ages, and geographic locations. Participants with risk alleles/genotypes were compared with the wildtype regarding type 2 diabetes outcomes. Studies risk of bias were scored according to the risk of bias in non-randomised studies – interventions/exposures criteria.ResultsIn total, 31 studies were found (association n  =  29/intervention n  =  2) including>600,000 participants from various ethnicities, sexes, and ages. Variations in the melatonin receptor 1B, brain and muscle arnt-like 1 and period circadian regulator (PER) genes were consistently associated with type 2 diabetes outcomes.ConclusionsIndividuals with variations in melatonin receptor 1B, brain and muscle arnt-like 1 and PER may be at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Further research is needed regarding other circadian rhythm genes. More longitudinal studies and randomised trials are required before clinical recommendations can be made.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-06-07T06:14:26Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231179777
       
  • Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid content is negatively associated with
           purposeful gameplay header frequencies in collegiate women soccer players:
           Implications for diet and brain health

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      Authors: Aaron F Carbuhn, Linda J D’Silva
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Frequent soccer heading negatively affects brain health. Omega-3 fatty acids are neuroprotective against head impacts. A biomarker of omega-3 tissue status, red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 content is reduced during soccer activity. However, whether these changes are associated with frequent heading impacts is unknown. Aim: Explore the association between soccer heading frequencies and RBC omega-3 status. Methods: A prospective cohort study in collegiate women soccer players (n  =  16). Players’ RBC omega-3 status, Omega-3 Index, and self-reported gameplay header frequencies collected during a competitive season. Results: Mean Omega-3 Index (i.e., pre/postseason) was low (3.95  ±  0.44%). Postseason Omega-3 Index negatively correlated (r  =  −0.545, p  =  0.029) with heading frequencies. Change in Omega-3 Index negatively correlated (r  =  −0.663, p  =  0.005) with average headers per game. Conclusion: RBC omega-3 status is negatively influenced by frequent soccer heading throughout a competitive season which may have concerning implications for player brain health.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-30T03:39:39Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231178333
       
  • Effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on the blood glucose, blood pressure,
           and lipid profile of type 2 diabetic subjects: A parallel group randomized
           clinical trial of efficacy

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      Authors: Ifeoma C. Afiaenyi, Elizabeth K. Ngwu, Adaobi M. Okafor, Rufina NB Ayogu
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThere is a paucity of information on the antidiabetic potential of graded amounts of Moringa leaves on diabetes human subjects.AimTo ascertain the effeccts of Moringa leaves on type 2 diabetic subjects’ blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile levels in a rural Nigerian community.MethodsThis study adopted a parallel group randomized control design. Participants included 40 adult male and female diabetic subjects who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups. The control group was fed diets without Moringa oleifera leaves while the experimental groups received 20, 40, and 60 g of Moringa leaves respectively daily for 14 days in addition to the diets. The subjects’ baseline data and post-intervention data were collected before and after the intervention, respectively. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-test and analysis of covariance. Significance was accepted at p  0.05) difference in all the parameters at the end of the intervention.ConclusionThere were marginal improvements in the parameters assessed which were not dose-dependent.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-25T08:09:23Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231176873
       
  • Relationship between preoperative nitrogen balance and energy and protein
           intake in patients with esophageal cancer

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      Authors: Genya Okada, Yoshinari Matsumoto, Daiki Habu, Yasunori Matsuda, Shigeru Lee, Harushi Osugi
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background & AimsNitrogen balance (NB) is an important indicator of protein utilization in the body, and a positive NB is essential for maintaining and improving nutritional status. However, information is lacking on the target values of the energy and protein levels required to maintain positive NB in cancer patients. This study aimed to verify the energy and protein requirements for positive NB in preoperative esophageal cancer patients.MethodsThis study included patients for esophageal cancer surgery who were admitted for radical surgery. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) levels were measured based on 24-h urine storage. Energy and protein intakes were calculated from the dietary intake during hospitalization and the amount administered from enteral and parenteral nutrition. The characteristics of the positive and negative NB groups were compared, and patients’ characteristics related to UUN excretion were analyzed.ResultsSeventy-nine patients with esophageal cancer were included, and 46% of patients were negative NB. All patients with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake ≥1.3 g/kg/day had positive NB. Whereas, in the group with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-25T05:20:59Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231176878
       
  • Evaluation of general and sports nutritional knowledge of recreational
           athletes

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      Authors: Isabela Simões de Boucherville Pereira, Karen Rodrigues Lima, Raquel Cristina Teodoro da Silva, Rafaela Corrêa Pereira, Sandro Fernandes da Silva, Anselmo Gomes de Moura, Wilson César de Abreu
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Nutritional knowledge is one of the factors that can lead to adopting healthy eating habits and, consequently, favoring sports performance. Aim: The study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and its subsections general and sports nutritional knowledge of recreational athletes. Methods: A validated, translated, and adapted 35-item questionnaire was used to assess total (TNK), general—GNK (11 questions), and sports—SNK (24 questions) nutritional knowledge. The Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ) was provided online using Google Forms. Four hundred and nine recreational athletes (male: 173, female: 236, age  =  32.4  ±  9.6 years) completed the questionnaire. Results: The mean TNK (50.7%) and GNK (62.7%) scores were classified as “average” and higher than SNK (45.2%), which was classified as “poor.” Male participants had SNK and TNK scores higher than females, but not for GNK. The youngest participants (18–24 years) had TNK, SNK, and GNK scores higher than other age groups (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-25T05:20:40Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231176316
       
  • Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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      Authors: Nattawut Leelakanok, Arpa Petchsomrit, Thitapa Janurai, Charinrat Saechan, Niti Sunsandee
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Pineapple has an important role in ethnopharmacology and its enzyme, bromelain, has been extensively investigated for its medicinal properties. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess clinical evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of bromelain. Methods: A systematic search was conducted from conception to August 2022 using CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Thai Journal Online (TJO). The risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias 2 or ROBIN-I. A random-effect model with inverse variance weighting and DerSimonian and Laird method was used for meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Results: We included 54 articles for qualitative summary and 39 articles for meta-analysis. The systematic review found that bromelain presented in serum with retained proteolytic activity after oral absorption. Bromelain may be effective against sinusitis but was not effective for cardiovascular diseases. Pain reduction from oral bromelain was slightly but significantly better than controls (mean difference in pain score = -0.27; 95% CI: −0.45, −0.08; n = 9; I2 = 29%). Adverse events included flatulence, nausea, and headache. Topical bromelain significantly reduced the time to complete debridement (mean difference in time = -6.89 days; 95% CI: −7.94, −5.83; n = 4; I2 = 2%). Adverse events may be irrelevant and include burning sensation, pain, fever, and sepsis. Conclusions: Moderate-quality studies demonstrated the potential of oral bromelain in pain control and topical bromelain in wound care. Major health risks were not reported during the treatment with bromelain.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-09T06:52:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231173732
       
  • Parent and physician beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of plant milks for
           children

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      Authors: Izabela Soczynska, Bruno R. da Costa, Deborah L. O’Connor, David J.A. Jenkins, Catherine S. Birken, Clara Juando-Prats, Jonathon L. Maguire
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Parent and physician perceptions of plant milk are unclear. Aim: To explore parent and physician perceptions of plant milk for children and to gain a better understanding of why parents and physicians might choose plant milk for children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using a questionnaire and interviews with parents and physicians participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Parents reported a variety of reasons for choosing plant milk for their children including concerns around allergies, the environment, animal welfare, plant-based diet, health benefits, taste and hormones in cow's milk. Parents gave their children various types of plant milks and physicians provided various recommendations to parents of children not consuming cow's milk. Our study identified that 79% of parents and 51% of physicians were unaware that soy milk is the recommended cow's milk substitute for children. Additionally, 26% of parents did not know some plant milks are not fortified and can contain added sugar. Three main themes were identified from interviews about why parents and physicians may choose plant milk for children: (i) healthiness of plant milk; (ii) concerns about hormones; and (iii) environmental impacts. Conclusions: Parents and physicians choose the milk that they believe is healthiest for their child or patient. However, a lack of clarity on the effects of plant milk consumption on children's health resulted in conflicting views on whether plant milk or cow's milk is healthier for children.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-09T05:59:17Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231171299
       
  • Nutritional management and interventions in complications of pregnancy: A
           systematic review

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      Authors: Jyoti Singh, Mansehaj Kaur, Prasad Rasane, Sawinder Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Kartik Sharma, Amisha Gulati
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Pregnancy, also known as the “gestation period” which lasts for 37−40 weeks, has been marked as the period of “physiological stress” in a woman's life. A wide range of symptoms, from nausea to ectopic pregnancy, are usually aligned with risk factors like abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth, etc. An estimated total of 15% of total pregnant women face serious complications requiring urgent attention for safe pregnancy survival. Over the past decades, several changes in the environment and nutrition habits have increased the possibility of unfavourable changes during the gestation phase. The diagnostic factors, management and nutritional interventions are targeted and more emphasis has been laid on modifying or managing the nutritional factors in this physiologically stressed phase. Aims: This review focuses on dietary modifications and nutritional interventions for the treatment of complications of pregnancy. Nutritional management has been identified to be one of the primary necessities in addition to drug therapy. It is important to set a healthy diet pattern throughout the gestation phase or even before by incorporating key nutrients into the maternal diet. Methods: The published literature from various databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect were used to establish the fact of management and treatment of complications of pregnancy. Results: The recommendations of dietary supplements have underlined the concept behind the eradication of maternal deficiencies and improving metabolic profiles. Conclusion: Therefore, the present review summarises the dietary recommendations to combat pregnancy-related complications which are necessary in order to prevent and manage the same.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-05-02T06:30:55Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231172545
       
  • Investigation of the multidimensional determinants of negative nutrition
           coping strategies and tradeoffs in adults accessing food relief: A
           secondary data analysis

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      Authors: Lauri Wright, Cheryl Marsland, Jen Ross, Andrea Arikawa, Jody Nicholson-Bell, James Epps
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundMultidimensional determinants influence negative nutrition coping strategies and tradeoffs in households accessing food relief.AimsThis study examined coping strategies and tradeoffs at different levels of food insecurity from individuals accessing food relief and how these behaviors relate to experience-based food insecurity dimensions and subpopulations at risk.MethodsA secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Sunshine State Hunger Survey (SSHS) was conducted. The SSHS was a paper-based, 48-question survey, including questions about coping strategies and tradeoffs, use of food assistance programs, and food security.ResultsOut of 616 respondents who completed the survey, 73.9% identified as food insecure while 19.1%, as food secure. The average age of participants was 59.6 years and 62.6% were female. One-way analysis of variance indicated increases in negative nutrition coping strategies and tradeoffs with increasing levels of food insecurity status. The most common coping strategy reported by those with very low food security was “Eating less so children or others have enough food,” while the most common tradeoff was “Trading off medicine or medical care for food.” Two-step cluster analysis identified homogeneous subgroups by behavior and demographic characteristics: (1) late adult worriers, (2) middle adult traders, and (3) middle/late adult copers.ConclusionIdentifying coping strategies and tradeoffs used by participants accessing food relief is a multidimensional approach to addressing determinants of food insecurity. Future research on conceptual pathways is warranted to see if experience-based food insecurity variables help to understand relationships across a continuum, including barriers and influencers.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-27T05:09:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231170248
       
  • Understanding the relationship between WASH and malnutrition: Analysis of
           anthropometric data of children attending WASH-supported schools in Ogun
           State, Nigeria

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      Authors: Hammed Oladeji Mogaji, Oladunni Nimota Adekunle, Olaitan Olamide Omitola, Clement Ameh Yaro, Ayodele Samuel Babalola, Simon Nnayere Odoemene, Dorcas Olufunke Adeaga, Taiwo Oluwakemi Adubi, Uwem Friday Ekpo
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThere has been a growing interest in better understanding the association between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and malnutrition.AimWe analysed anthropometric data of children attending WASH intervention schools and those from non-intervention schools in Ogun State, Nigeria.MethodsA total of 353 children across six schools (three interventions and three non-interventions) participated in this study. WASH conditions were assessed using WHO standardized tools and anthropometric data of children were analysed in WHO AnthroPlus and R Software.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting was 26.2% in the intervention group, and 29.4% in the control group (p = 0.045). Underweight was lower in the intervention group (3.9% vs. 10.1%) (p = 0.45). However, wasting was higher in the intervention group (32.3% vs. 8.2%) (p = 0.001). Of the variables included in our multivariate model (age, gender, and school category, i.e. intervention/control and class grade), only age was selected, and negatively associated with underweight, stunting and wasting (p = 0.000).ConclusionRegardless of WASH programming status, nutritional outcomes were significantly influenced by age of the children. Children are more likely to have lower z-scores as they grow older.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-24T05:27:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231168007
       
  • Characteristics of tree nut, peanut, and seed consumption in the eastern
           Mediterranean region

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      Authors: Zeynep Parlak, Ozge Soyer, Umit Murat Sahiner, Bülent Enis Sekerel
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundNuts and seeds are among the most common causes of food allergy (FA), and consumption differences across cultures and geographic regions are thought to account for the diversity of these allergies.MethodsCaregivers of infants (age 12–24 months) with or without FA were questioned in face-to-face interviews to identify the nut and seed consumption practices in the household, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and early childhood.ResultsOf the 171 infants (median age: 17.3 months) included in the study, 75 were healthy and 96 had FA. More than two-thirds of the infants in the whole group started to be fed with walnuts, sesame/tahini, hazelnuts, almonds, and sunflower seeds. The percentages of healthy infants who were not fed with tree nuts, seeds, and peanuts were 4%, 4%, and 49.3%, respectively, for the healthy infants, and 11.8%, 11.8%, and 67.8% for those with FA. In the FA group, sesame and peanut consumption was initiated at a younger age, and walnut, hazelnut, and almond consumption at an older age compared to the healthy infants (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-19T05:33:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231170250
       
  • Eating behaviors and body self-esteem in couple's satisfaction during
           COVID-19 quarantine

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      Authors: Carmela Mento, Amelia Rizzo, Francesca Liga, Cristina Zito, Antonio Bruno, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Toshio Kawai, Maria Catena Silvestri
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Many experts agree that the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown restriction have had an impact on relationships and eating habits in couples, but this hypothesis lacks evidence and empirical studies. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with the couple's relationship, body self-esteem, and eating behaviors during the Covid-19 lockdown. Method: Three hundred and eighty-one subjects, aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 26.88; SD = 9.22), of whom 89.8% women, participated in the survey. The online assessment included: the Relationship Assessment Scale; the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the relationship and the levels of couple's satisfaction are independent of respect to body experience and eating behavior. On the contrary, bodily experience is negatively correlated with diet, weight, body shape, and restriction attempts. However, the eating style of couple showed a change during the quarantine period, both in healthy and at-risk of ED subjects. Conclusion: The psychological impact of Covid-19 and its lockdown has had profound repercussions on the subjective relationship with body and food but have apparently preserved stable and satisfying bonds. The importance of the study confirmed the primary relation between self and body's satisfaction in subjective dimensions of life.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-19T05:32:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231166162
       
  • Nutritional health of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: Conceptualizing
           a multilevel action framework focusing the COVID-19

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      Authors: Fahad Jubayer, Shahidullah Kayshar, Shoaib Arifin, Aney Parven, Sirajul Islam Khan, Islam Md Meftaul
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      The Rohingya refugees are among the most vulnerable victims of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. In refugee camps, they frequently lack access to safe and nutritious foods, drinking water, and a healthy environment. Despite the fact that numerous national and international organizations are sincerely collaborating to meet their nutritional and medical needs, the pace of work has slowed due to COVID-19. Combating COVID-19 demands a robust immune system, which relies heavily on a nutritious diet. The development of strong immunity to protect Rohingya refugees, particularly children and women, through the provision of nutrient-dense foods is thus highly necessary. Consequently, the current commentary focused on the nutritional health status of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh during COVID-19. In addition, we provided a multilevel implementation framework that could assist stakeholders and policymakers in taking effective measures to recover their nutritional health.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-12T05:28:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231169372
       
  • Sociodemographic factors and screen exposure associated with the
           consumption of healthy and unhealthy dietary markers in children attended
           at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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      Authors: Bárbara Folino Nascimento, Tainá Cunha das Neves, Patricia Lima Rodrigues, Cleber Nascimento do Carmo, Thamiris Fernandes Araujo, Roberta Dias de Mattos, Ingrid Veras Carvalho, Patricia de Carvalho Padilha
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      AimTo evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and screen exposure during meals with the consumption of dietary markers in children treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro.MethodsCross-sectional study with children of both sexes between 2 and 9 years of age. Food consumption and screen exposure were assessed using specific forms. The socio-demographic data evaluated were age, maternal education, household composition, receipt of government benefits, and household food and nutrition security. The statistical analysis included simple and multivariate logistic regression with a confidence interval of 95%.ResultsAmong the 129 children evaluated, most of them were of preschool age (57.4%), 71.3% received some type of government benefit, and 69.8% ate meals in front of screens. Among the markers of a healthy diet, beans (86.0%) and fresh fruits (69.8%) were the most consumed, while among the markers of an unhealthy diet, the most common components were sweetened beverages (61.7%) and cookies, candies, or other sweets (54.7%). There was a higher consumption of sweetened beverages among the children whose families received a government benefit (OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.13–6.13) and who were exposed to a screen during meals (2.27; 95% CI: 1.01–5, 14).ConclusionThis study showed that in view of the high frequency of consumption of unhealthy foods and screen exposure during meals, it is imperative that food and nutrition education actions are taken to promote an adequate and healthy food environment in childhood.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-06T07:38:22Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231166036
       
  • The coverage of indicators of sensitive and specific intervention programs
           and prevalence of stunting under-five children: A cross-sectional study in
           Aceh Province, Indonesia

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      Authors: Teuku Muliadi, Aripin Ahmad, Abidah Nur, Nelly Marissa, Marisa, Junaidi, Fitrah Reynaldi, Eva Fitriyaningsih, Husnah, Iflan Naufal, Muhammad Rizal Martua Damanik, Ardi Adji, Syuja’ Rafiqi Arifin, Devita Annisa
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: The prevalence of stunting children under-five in Aceh Province is still high due to multiple factors, including the sub-optimal coverage of intervention programs. Aim: This study aimed at finding out the correlation between the coverage of indicators of sensitive and specific intervention programs with prevalence of stunting in Aceh. Methods: A cross-sectional design analyzed secondary data from the Indonesia nutritional status survey and program coverage data in 13 regencies/cities in Aceh Province. The dependent variable was the prevalence of stunting. Meanwhile, the independent variable covered 20 sensitive and specific intervention program indicators. We apply STATA 16 to analyze the correlation between sensitive and specific coverage and stunting prevalence. Results: The coverage of indicators of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) receiving supplementary feeding, young children with diarrhea receiving zinc supplementation, parents taking parenting classes, and participation in the health insurance program had a significant correlation with prevalence stunting in Aceh (r = −0.57; r = −0.50; r = −0.65; and r = −0.60). Conclusion: Intervention measures to avert childhood stunting in Aceh should include strengthening supplementary feeding programs for mothers and toddlers, supplementation to prevent toddler diarrhea, and counseling parents on parenting and health insurance.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-04T08:14:29Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231164664
       
  • Change in carbohydrate intake one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A
           prospective study

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      Authors: Joke Vliebergh, Ina Gesquiere, Veerle Foulon, Patrick Augustijns, Matthias Lannoo, Ellen Deleus, Ann Meulemans, Chantal Mathieu, Ann Mertens, Christophe Matthys, Bart Van der Schueren, Roman Vangoitsenhoven
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background and objectives: To investigate the effect of carbohydrate intake before laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on body weight, body composition and glycaemic status after surgery. Methods: In a tertiary centre cohort study, dietary habits, body composition and glycaemic status were evaluated before and 3, 6 and 12 months after LRYGB. Detailed dietary food records were processed by specialized dietitians on the basis of a standard protocol. The study population was subdivided according to relative carbohydrate intake before surgery. Results: Before surgery, 30 patients had a moderate relative carbohydrate intake (26%–45%, M-CHO), a mean body mass index (BMI) of 40.4 ± 3.9 kg/m² and a mean glycated haemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 6.5 ± 1.2% compared to 20 patients with a high relative carbohydrate intake (> 45%, H-CHO), mean BMI of 40.9 ± 3.7 kg/m² (non-significant, NS) and a mean A1C of 6.2% (NS). One year after surgery, body weight, body composition and glycaemic status were similar in the M-CHO (n = 25) and H-CHO groups (n = 16), despite less caloric intake in the H-CHO group (1317 ± 285 g vs. 1646 ± 345 g in M-CHO, p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-03T07:29:43Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231166821
       
  • Prevalence of celiac disease and its related factors in children aged
           2–6 years old: A case–control study

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      Authors: Mohsen Maleki, Farzaneh MontazeriFar, Abolfazl Payandeh, Zahra Azadbakht
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-genetic disorder associated with the small intestine. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD and its related factors in children aged 2–6 years in southeastern Iran. Methods: In the present case–control research, the study groups were selected by convenience sampling method in Zahedan city, Sistan-and-Baluchestan province, southeastern Iran, from January 2021 till January 2022. Social-demographic status and personal information about the child, family, as well as the feeding pattern of children and mothers in the first six months of breastfeeding were examined. Frequency Food Questionnaire (FFQ) was also used for data collection. Results: The prevalence of CD was estimated at 9.2 per 10,000. Our findings showed that child age, birth weight, location of living, child birth type, child digestive disease, and child FFQ score played a significant role in the development of CD (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-04-03T06:51:42Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231167456
       
  • Association of malnutrition and main-meal- and snack-predominant intake
           among female adolescent students in boarding schools in Tasikmalaya,
           Indonesia

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      Authors: Lilik Hidayanti, Mohammad Zen Rahfiludin, Sri Achadi Nugraheni, Retno Murwani
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Balanced dietary intake is needed to prevent malnutrition which is one of the nutritional problems faced by adolescents. Aim: To study the association between predominant dietary intake and nutritional status of female adolescent students in boarding schools in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 323 female adolescent students residing full-time in eight boarding schools in Tasikmalaya, West Java. Students’ dietary intake was measured using the 3-non-consecutive-day 24-h recall method. The association between the predominant dietary intake and nutritional status was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 323 students, 59 (18.3%) were overweight/obese (OW/OB) and 102 (31.6%) had stunted growth. The predominant dietary intake in the OW/OB group was snacks, whereas, in the stunted group, it was main meals. Snack-predominant dietary intake was a risk factor for overweight and obesity (p  =  0.008; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.276; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.244–4.164), but it was a protective factor against stunting (p  =  0.008; AOR: 0.521; 95% CI: 0.322–0.842). Conclusion: The predominance of main meals and snacks as components of total dietary intake affected the nutritional status of female adolescent students living in boarding schools. Therefore, the dietary intake interventions should tailor and design the nutritional contents of main meals and snacks according to the nutritional status of the targeted individuals.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-27T08:16:12Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231166224
       
  • A cross-sectional study of nutritional status and dietary intake of
           paediatric oncology patients in Indonesia: Comparison between cancer
           aetiologies

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      Authors: Aviria Ermamilia, Bianda Aulia, Sri Mulatsih
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Adequate energy and protein intakes are required to maintain nutritional status and prevent clinical deterioration in paediatric oncology patients. There are limited investigations of malnutrition and dietary intake adequacy during treatment in developing countries. Aim: This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and macro- and micronutrient intake adequacy in paediatric oncology patients undergoing therapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Indonesia. Sociodemographic, anthropometry, dietary intake, and anxiety status were collected. Patients were grouped based on cancer aetiology (haematological malignancy (HM) or solid tumour (ST). Variables between groups were compared. P-values of
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-27T08:15:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231166163
       
  • Sex difference and socioeconomic inequality of underweight, overweight and
           obesity among adult population in Bangladesh

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      Authors: Md. Mehedi Hasan
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Due to rapid socioeconomic development and epidemiological transition, socioeconomic inequality of underweight, overweight, and obesity are becoming a public health concern in Bangladesh. There is a need for country-specific evidence of nutrition inequalities in Bangladesh. Aim: The aim of the study was to measure socioeconomic inequality and decomposition analysis along with the sex differences in underweight, overweight, and obesity among the adult population. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed in the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017–18, a cross-sectional survey used a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Sociodemographic variables including age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, marital status, and anthropometric data of height and weight were considered for analysis. Body mass index was used for defining underweight, overweight, and obesity. Concentration index (CI) and decomposition analysis were performed for underweight, overweight, and obesity. Results: The proportion of underweight was 15.0%, overweight (23.0%), and obese (5.0%). Underweight was higher in males, whereas overweight and obesity were higher in females. The CI of underweight was −0.121 (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T08:25:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231163365
       
  • Effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on medication use and costs:
           The Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2)

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      Authors: Ragna-Marie Kranz, Carmen Kettler, Corinna Anand, Christian Koeder, Sarah Husain, Nora Schoch, Anette Buyken, Heike Englert
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Establishing a healthy lifestyle has a great potential to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. NCDs contribute immensely to the economic costs of the health care system arising from therapy, medication use, and productivity loss. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2; HLCP-2) on medication use and consequently on medication costs for selected NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). Methods: Data stem from a 24-month non-randomised, controlled intervention trial aiming to improve risk factors for NCDs. Participants completed questionnaires at six measurement time points assessing medication use, from which costs were calculated. The following medication groups were included in the analysis as NCD medication: glucose-lowering medications (GLM), antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and lipid-lowering drugs (LLD). Statistical tests for inter- and intra-group comparison and multiple regression analysis were performed. Results: In total, 118 participants (intervention group [IG]: n = 79; control group [CG]: n = 39) were considered. Compared to baseline medication use decreased slightly in the IG and increased in the CG. Costs for NCD medication were significantly lower in the IG than in the CG after 6 (p = 0.004), 12 (p = 0.040), 18 (p = 0.003) and 24 months (p = 0.008). After multiple regression analysis and adjusting for confounders, change of costs differed significantly between the groups in all final models. Conclusion: The HLCP-2 was able to moderately prevent an increase of medication use and thus reduce costs for medication to treat NCDs with the greatest impact on AHD.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS (www.drks.de; reference: DRKS00018775).
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T07:46:45Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231164665
       
  • Weight gain, poor mental health and increased sedentary hours among
           Malaysian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

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      Authors: Guo Fu Ng, Shi-Hui Cheng
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe Movement Control Orders (MCO) in Malaysia due to the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the lifestyle behaviours, weight changes, and mental health of the population.AimTo determine the changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, body weight status and mental health status among Malaysian adults before and during the pandemic.MethodsA total of 338 Malaysian adults participated in this cross-sectional online study. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were self-reported. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) while the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) were used to examine stress, depression and anxiety, respectively. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28.0.ResultsThe results showed an average weight gain of 0.6 kg among the participants with 45.5% of them experiencing weight gain. In addition, sedentary behaviour (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T07:45:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231164434
       
  • The 1995 potential renal acid load (PRAL) values may no longer adequately
           reflect the actual acid–base impact of certain foods: A hypothesis

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      Authors: Maximilian Andreas Storz, Alvaro Luis Ronco
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: In 1995, Remer and Manz reported potential renal acid load (PRAL) values of various foods, quantifying their estimated impact on acid–base balance. Their estimation considered ionic dissociation, sulphur metabolism and intestinal absorption rates for several micronutrients and proteins. Notably, PRAL values are based on food content data from the early 1990s and may nowadays no longer adequately reflect accurate estimates. Some foods’ macronutrient and mineral content has declined over the past three decades due to changes in soil mineral health. Aim: We hypothesize that the 1995 PRAL values no longer adequately reflect reliable estimates of the current acid–base impact of some foods. Methods: Based on specific examples, we argue that these values overestimate the alkalizing effects of various fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: Discussing evidence in favour of (and against) our hypothesis, we conclude that the 1995 PRAL estimates should nowadays rather be used as a relative guidance and reviewed carefully.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-16T05:49:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231164667
       
  • Nutritional literacy levels of university academic and administrative
           staff: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

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      Authors: Büşra Demirer, Hülya Yardımcı
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      AimThis study aimed to evaluate the nutritional literacy levels of university academic and administrative staff.MethodsData were collected with a questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, some eating habits, and the Nutritional Literacy Assessment Tool of Adults. A total of 413 individuals, 211 women (51.1%) and 202 men (48.9%), aged 23–64 (mean: 37.41 ± 10.04 years), were included in the study. The data obtained were evaluated with the SPSS 25.0 statistical package program.ResultsIt was found that the nutritional literacy level of 18.15% of the participants is at the borderline, 81.85 are sufficient. Women's nutrition literacy scores are significantly higher than men's (p = 0.034). A significant relationship was found between nutritional literacy, socioeconomic status, and some eating habits (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-03-14T07:52:04Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231163922
       
  • Impacts of parental breakfast consumption literacy on children's home
           breakfast consumption

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      Authors: Yanming Lu
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental breakfast consumption literacy and their children's home breakfast consumption. Methods: This study, employing a cross-sectional design, conducted in September 2021, consisted of a total of 275 children aged 6–7 years and 275 parents. One-way analysis of variance and independent-sample t-test were applied to compare children's home breakfast consumption amongst sub-groups. The relationship between parental breakfast consumption literacy and children's home breakfast consumption was assessed utilising multiple linear regression models controlling for socio-demographic factors. All data were analysed by the software of R Commander. Results: Parents with inadequate breakfast consumption literacy had less children's home breakfast consumption (p = 0.006), such relationship (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 4.76–7.65) had significance controlling for socio-demographic factors. Living in urban areas (p = 0.006, 95% CI: 6.43–9.92), parental unemployment (p = 0.004, 95% CI: 5.47–9.43), and low parental educational level (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 2.34–4.76) were significantly associated with less children's home breakfast consumption. Conclusion: Adequate parental breakfast consumption literacy was associated with more children's home breakfast consumption. Parental-based health education interventions show promise in promoting home breakfast consumption in the family setting. Residential status, parental level of education, and parental employment were associated with children's home breakfast consumption. Future research should understand more about the experiences and contexts of children's home breakfast consumption within the family environments, with a focus on employing qualitative approaches.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-24T06:30:15Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231159943
       
  • Vitamin B12 status in term pregnant women and the cord blood samples of
           their newborns: A cross-sectional study

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      Authors: Mullapudi Venkata Surekha, Gadhiraju Shravanthi, Tattari Shalini, Putcha Uday Kumar
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background and aim: In India, total vitamin B12 (Vit B12) and its active form (active B12) have not been studied in mother’s blood and cord blood. We hypothesized that total and active B12 levels are sufficiently maintained in cord blood despite low levels in mothers. Methods: Two hundred term pregnant mother's blood and cord blood was collected and analyzed for total Vit B12 (radioimmunoassay method) and active B12 levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Mean values of constant or continuous variables (hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC), and Vit B12) were compared in mother's blood and newborn cord blood using Student's t-test and multiple comparisons within the groups were carried out with ANOVA. Spearman's correlation (Vit B12) and multivariable backward regression analyses (height, weight, education, body mass index (BMI) and Hb, PCV, MCV, WBC, and Vit B12 levels) were also performed. Results: Total Vit 12 deficiency was highly prevalent at 89% and active B12 deficiency was 36.7% in mothers. Cord blood showed total Vit B12 deficiency prevalence of 53% and active B12 deficiency being 9.3%. Total Vit B12 (p
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-20T08:56:28Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231151720
       
  • The effect of background music tempo on eating speed and food intake
           volume within in healthy women

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      Authors: Naoto Sato, Mana Miyamoto, Risa Santa, Chihiro Homma, Kenichi Shibuya
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe effects of the different tempos of background music (BGM) on food intake and eating speed have not been fully studied.AimThe study aimed to investigate the influence of changing the tempo of BGM during meals on food intake and to explore strategies to support appropriate eating behavior.MethodsTwenty-six healthy young adult women participated in this study. In the experimental phase, each participant ate a meal under three separate conditions: fast (120% speed), moderate (original, 100% speed), and slow (80% speed) BGM. The same music was used for each condition, and appetite before and after eating, the amount of food consumed, and eating speed were recorded.ResultsThe results showed that food intake (g, mean ± standard error (SE)) was slow: 317.9 ± 22.2, moderate: 400.7 ± 16.0, and fast: 342.9 ± 22.0. Eating speed (g/s, mean ± SE) was slow: 28.1 ± 2.8, moderate: 34.2 ± 2.7, and fast: 27.2 ± 2.4. The analysis showed that the moderate condition showed greater speed than the fast and slow conditions (slow–fast: p = .008; moderate–slow: p = .012; moderate–fast: p = .004). Moreover, the food intake in the moderate condition was significantly higher than that in the slow and fast conditions (moderate–slow: p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-20T06:39:29Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231158234
       
  • Assessment of prediabetes knowledge among adults in Al-Madinah, Saudi
           Arabia

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      Authors: Ameerah Almaski, Manal Almughamisi
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Prediabetes is a serious health condition which can be treated with changes to lifestyle behaviour. It is a significant warning sign of being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess knowledge of prediabetes and its associated risk factors in the community of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult respondents in Al-Madinah in 2022. A sample size of 397 participants completed a validated self-administrated survey and data were analysed using descriptive statistics (numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation). Results: Of the 397 participants who responded to the survey, 56.7% were aged between 21 and 25 years old, with more than half (51.9%) being male and the majority being more educated (72%). Among the participants, 14.1%, 34.3% and 51.5% had a high, moderate and poor knowledge of prediabetes, respectively. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between age (>25 years old) (p = 0.003), gender difference (p = 0.006), and prediabetes knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge of prediabetes is important in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The population of Al-Madinah demonstrated a low level of prediabetes knowledge; therefore, the design and implementation of community-based intervention programmes with an emphasis on raising prediabetes awareness is crucial. Policymakers, organisations and partnerships will be required to develop a well-designed and effective programme.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-17T06:20:57Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231155709
       
  • Levels of elements in selected food substances that support usage in the
           management and treatment of erectile dysfunction

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      Authors: Michael Lartey, Samuel Frimpong-Manso, Stephen O Amoah, Daniel Boamah, Awan Abdul Rashid Mohammed
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe use of fruits and vegetables for the management and treatment of erectile dysfunction has gained popularity due to the cheaper cost, accessibility and perceived absence of side effects. Much of the work done on plant-based aphrodisiacs has focused on the phytochemistry of secondary metabolites.AimThis work sought to analyze selected fruits and vegetables that are commonly used in the management of erectile dysfunction in Ghana and quantify the levels of some micro- and macro-elements necessary for good penile health in order to determine the usefulness or otherwise of the selected produce.MethodsEnergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect and quantify the levels of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), selenium (Se), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in carrot roots, cucumber fruit, garlic bulb, ginger rhizome, nutmeg fruit, sweet potato tuber, tiger nut tuber and watermelon fruit.ResultsThe analysis revealed the presence of K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn. Levels of Se were below detection. The concentration of K was the highest in each of the food substances. However, in terms of recommended daily allowance, Mg had the highest contribution. Cucumber fruit and the rind of watermelon fruit had the highest levels of micro- and macro-elements implicated in erectile dysfunction.ConclusionThe potential use of these foods to treat and manage erectile dysfunction may not only be due to the presence of phytochemicals alone but also the presence of significant levels of micro- and macro-elements required for good penile health.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-15T09:48:26Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221109985
       
  • The health and economic burden associated with sugar-sweetened beverage
           consumption in Trinidad and Tobago

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      Authors: Althea La Foucade, Christine Laptiste, Andrea Alcaraz, Karl Theodore, Anton Cumberbatch, Kimberly-Ann Gittens-Baynes, Vyjanti Beharry, Samuel Gabriel, Charmaine Metivier, Patricia Edwards-Wescott, Don Bethelmie
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundIn Trinidad and Tobago, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death. Unhealthy diet is one modifiable NCD risk factor, which contributes to the NCD burden. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with an increased risk of NCDs.AimThe aim of this paper is to estimate the burden of disease and economic costs associated with the consumption of SSBs in Trinidad and Tobago as evidence to support the implementation of health and fiscal policies on SSB consumption.MethodsThe results of this study were obtained through the use of a mathematical model which used a comparative risk assessment approach to estimate the health and economic burden associated with SSB intake, by sex and age.ResultsEstimates for one year showed that SSB consumption was associated with approximately 15,000 cases of overweight and obesity in adults and 11,700 cases in children, 28% of all the cases of diabetes and overall, an estimated 387 deaths and 9000 years of healthy life were lost due to premature death and disability. Approximately US$23.1 million was spent in the public healthcare system to treat diseases associated with consumption of sugary beverages.ConclusionsThe consumption of SSBs is associated with increases in diseases, deaths and rising healthcare costs in Trinidad and Tobago. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide an added rationale and impetus for the implementation of policies to reduce the consumption of SSBs.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-13T06:15:03Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231156117
       
  • Effects of the nutrition education intervention on food security,
           anthropometry, and body composition in women: A randomized controlled
           trial

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      Authors: Marziyeh Ebadi-Vanestanagh, Roghayeh Molani-Gol, Mohammad Alizadeh
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundFood insecurity as a social determinant of health is associated with adverse physical health outcomes such as obesity.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutrition education intervention based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) on food security, anthropometry, and body composition status.MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, an intervention was conducted over months (five weeks) using the TTM among 160 women aged 19–64 years. Food security status, anthropometry, and body composition were determined three times: at baseline, three months, and six months after the intervention.ResultsIn the intervention group, food insecurity significantly decreased before, immediately after, and six months after the intervention, these changes were significant in follow-up time and treatment effect. After six months of follow-up, the intervention group significantly decreased weight (−1.29 kg), body mass index (−0.54), and waist circumference (−3.48 cm). Although differences between the two groups were not statistically significant except in the interaction between follow-up time and intervention groups. Also, the mean of fat mass and total body water decreased in the intervention group and differences between the two groups were statistically significant in follow-up time (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-13T06:14:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231155538
       
  • Postprandial glucose-lowering effects by sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
           resistant starch in spontaneously type 2 diabetes, Goto-Kakizaki rat

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      Authors: Ezarul Faradianna Lokman, Sal Hazreen Bugam, Aina Shafiza Ibrahim, Nurleyna Yunus, Fazliana Mansor, Vimala Balasubramaniam, Khairul Mirza Mohamad, Rabizah Md Lazim, Awang Zulfikar Rizal Awang Seruji
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Introduction: The beneficial effects of resistant starch (RS) consumption on health in terms of reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia are evident. However, the potential of local Sarawak sago RS in regulating glucose has not been extensively studied. Objectives: This study aims to identify glucose-lowering effects of Sarawak sago RS, namely native (RS2) and chemically modified (RS4). Methodology: An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after 1 month treatment with sago RS2 and RS4 in spontaneously type 2 diabetes (T2D), Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. The mechanisms involved were further explored by screening the in vitro inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV. Histopathology examination for pancreas, kidney and liver tissues was done in response to sago RS intake using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results and discussion: The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for blood glucose in RS-treated groups was decreased and significant in RS2-treated group (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-09T04:52:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231152060
       
  • Effects of the application of a food processing-based classification
           system in obese women: A randomized controlled pilot study

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      Authors: Leandro Giacomello, Silvana Bordignon, Daiana Salm, Nathalia Donatello, Luiz Augusto Belmonte, Franciane Bobinski, Carlos Frederico Tourinho dos Santos, Jefferson Luiz Traebert, Anna Paula Piovezan, Daniel Fernandes Martins
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Obesity is one of the major public health problems worldwide and contributes to the onset of many diseases, especially the ones related to the metabolic syndrome. The new Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population bring a new food classification based on food processing and prioritizes the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods. Aim: This study analyzed the effects of an educational intervention on obese women, on their weight loss, quality of life, components of the metabolic syndrome and pain. Methods: Randomized controlled pilot study, including 40 obese women, randomized into 2 groups: control group and intervention group. An educational intervention with 5 biweekly meetings of 90 min based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian population (2014) was carried out involving the intervention group. Parameters related to weight loss, quality of life (SF-36), pain (McGill), bioelectrical impedance analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness, and serum and clinical components of metabolic syndrome, as well as serum concentrations of cytokines were assessed. Results: Significantly decrease of body mass, waist and hip circumferences, basal metabolic rate, extracellular water, body capacitance, and body cell mass were observed in the intervention group after 3 months. Reduction of pain and improvement in quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness were also observed in the intervention group. There were reductions in waist circumference and glycemia, components of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: This study showed that the educational intervention can be associated with weight loss, increase in quality of life, reduction of pain, and better metabolic syndrome parameters in obese women.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-08T05:37:00Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231153947
       
  • The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes a dysfunctional dietary behavior: A German
           cross-sectional study

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      Authors: Hannah Dinse, Adam Schweda, Alexander Bäuerle, Venja Musche, Madeleine Fink, Sheila Geiger, Eva-Maria Skoda, Martin Teufel
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic has been affected our daily lives, the global population has been exposed to permanent concerns and thus might suffer from the psychological burden. It is well known that psychological burdens can affect dietary behavior. Aim: The impact of a psychological burden on people, and in particular on their dietary patterns was investigated in this nationawide cross-sectional study. Methods: 7525 participants responded to the questionnaire regarding the psychological burden concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and their current dietary structure with changes in the pattern and food amount (between November 2020 and March 2021). Results: A pandemic-related dysfunction of dietary behavior was found. Some participants reported restrictive (conscious) food intake and as well impulsive food intake, which can be described as dysfunctional eating behaviors. In particular, younger persons and individuals who claimed an increased psychological burden reported dysfunctional dietary behavior. Data clearly show that psychological burdens affect an individual's dietary behavior. Conclusion: Public health strategies have to be developed to support individuals at risk to improve coping strategies. The long-term aim should be avoiding the maintenance of dysfunctional dietary behavior.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-06T09:02:47Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221147768
       
  • Link between emotional and external eating behaviors, peripheral
           neuropeptide Y, and β-hydroxybutyrate in participants with obesity on
           12-week ketogenic diet

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      Authors: Maša Černelič-Bizjak, Saša Kenig, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko-Pražnikar, Nina Mohorko
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Objective: Understanding the impact of stress on emotional and external eating behaviors and the psychological and the associated metabolic factors can help in designing subsequent interventions to protect health. In particular, psychological trait-like construct related to eating has been shown to be an important target for intervention. Methods and measures: This study aimed to investigate the biochemical variables associated with a decrease in emotional and external eating behaviors due to 12-week ketogenic diet (12KD) in 35 adult participants (12 males) with obesity. Results: Absolute changes in emotional and external eating were independent of changes in body mass, nutritional intake, and Δ cortisol, but were predicted with increases in serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreases in serum peripheral neuropeptide Y (pNPY) (all p’s 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-03T08:34:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231154464
       
  • Visceral sensitivity correlates with gastrointestinal symptoms in runners
           during training but does not negatively impact peri-exercise fueling

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      Authors: Alex M. Ehlert, Patrick B. Wilson
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the associations between several psychological factors (stress, anxiety, body vigilance, and visceral sensitivity) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in runners, as well as whether any of these factors impact pre-exercise and during-exercise fueling.MethodsA virtual/online observational survey-based study with 82 (43 male and 39 female) runners was conducted. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-14, State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA-Trait), Body Vigilance Scale (BVS), and Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) were assessed. GI symptoms during runs over 1 week, as well as nutrient intakes from food and fluid consumed 4 h before and during runs, were recorded. GI problems were quantified as the percentage of runs that a participant reported at least one symptom  ≥ 3 out of 10.ResultsVSI scores significantly correlated with the occurrence of all, upper, and lower GI symptoms during runs (ρ  =  0.32–0.38; p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:28:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231153978
       
  • Nutritional status and eating behavior of children with autism spectrum
           disorders in Vietnam: A case-control study

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      Authors: Ngoc Bao Trinh, Ngoc Dieu Thi Phan, An Tuong Bui, Hai Thanh Phan, Lieu Thu Thi Nguyen, Lan Huong Thi Nguyen, Khanh Nam Do, Anh Kim Dang
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Atypical eating behaviors and feeding issues are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Aim: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status and eating behavior of the ASD and typically developing groups. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from January to April 2019 in Nghe An, Vietnam. A total of 93 children in each group participated in the study with their main caregivers. We applied the Children's Eating Behavior Inventory (CEBI) to evaluate the eating behaviors of children. Results: Overweight and obesity in ASD children accounted for 41.9%. The CEBI score and %CEBI of the ASD group was higher than that of the control group (104.0 ± 14.2 and 91.3 ± 8.3; 24.1 ± 21.4 and 5.0 ± 11.8, respectively). Most of the adverse mealtime behaviors of ASD children focused on excessive duration (52.7%), distraction (40.9%), and food refusal (39.8%). In total 88.2% of caregivers had to comfort their ASD children at every meal, followed by threatening, scolding, or punishing children if they refused to eat (57.0%). Conclusion: Being overweight/obese and having eating behavior difficulties were prevalent among ASD children in Vietnam. Safer alternatives, such as lifestyle measures and seeking help from a nutritional therapist, can help ASD children reduce weight and modify their erroneous feeding habits.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-28T12:07:07Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231152278
       
  • The effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on cancer
           treatment

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      Authors: Kassidy Lee, Cynthia Blanton
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Anticancer therapies are associated with significant adverse side effects and few treatments that alleviate symptoms exist. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been investigated as an intervention for reducing anticancer therapy side effects, although a review of the literature results has yet to be published. Aim: The current review summarizes evidence surrounding this topic and suggests both support and caution in using BCAAs as a treatment for patients receiving anticancer therapies. Methods: In this review, two literature searches were completed. Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane databases were searched using the terms “branched-chain amino acids and cancer” and “BCAA and cancer.” Results: Two bodies of evidence emerged: One supporting beneficial effects and the other showing adverse outcomes of BCAA supplementation in patients with cancer. Evidence of benefit was a decrease in malnourishment and unintentional weight loss during and after chemotherapy. Potential harms included the idea cancer cells may utilize BCAAs as a source of energy for growth. Conclusions: Supplementation of BCAAs in individuals with cancer should be implemented cautiously. Those who are severely malnourished due to anticancer therapy may benefit the most. BCAA supplementation may also be provided once cancer has been destroyed from the individual's body to aid with recovery.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-27T05:36:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231153428
       
  • Mindful eating: A conceptual critical review of the literature,
           measurement and intervention development

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      Authors: Michail Mantzios
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Defining mindful eating and discussing all it entails has proven to be abstract, open-ended and biased to the interpretation of the researchers and authors in the field. Despite some consensus, different interpretations have led to different psychometric tools and practices not descriptive of mindful eating, contributing towards a replication crisis. Aim/Method: This narrative review will draw on the most appropriate definition of mindful eating in the framework of traditional secular mindfulness literature and discuss how mindful eating psychometrics and practices are unsuitable for precise research. Results/Discussion: A proposal and directive of separation between eating behaviours and decision-making in mindful eating as a way of developing evidence-based practices and psychometric tools are proposed for both clinical and non-clinical use.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-27T05:34:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231153427
       
  • Recommended practices for virtual nutrition education interventions for
           adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A reflection from two pilot
           interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic

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      Authors: Acadia W Buro, Riley H Shurack, Jeanette M Garcia, Heewon L Gray
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate unhealthy eating behaviors and dietary patterns compared to their neurotypical counterparts. Given the increased risk of unhealthy weight gain and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, modified nutrition programs in this population are warranted. The authors independently conducted two virtual pilot interventions during COVID-19 that offered feasible and acceptable alternatives to in-person delivery, providing unique opportunities for participant engagement and family involvement. Future virtual nutrition education programs for adolescents with ASD may include visual and verbal aids through Zoom, more parent/family integration, and accommodations for those with varying ASD severity levels.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-25T06:13:50Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231151985
       
  • Association between university student junk food consumption and mental
           health

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      Authors: Amani ElBarazi, Rajiv Tikamdas
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: On a global scale, the mental health consequences of eating habits among the general population are becoming a concern. Particular attention should be directed to the youthful population. Aims: Determine the relationship between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Method: University students were asked to complete: a demographic questionnaire, questions on junk food consumption, and depression anxiety stress scores (DASS-21). Body mass index measurements were taken. Logistic regressions were utilized to construct odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to identify the association between university students’ consumption of junk food and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: There were (N = 509), 66% females and 34% males, mean age was (M = 18.1 ± .5) years participated in this study. Daily consumption of junk food was significantly linked to stress (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5−8.3), anxiety (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 6.2−20.1), and depression (OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 4.5−13.9). Conclusions: This is the first thorough study conducted in Egypt to examine the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression, and junk food consumption among undergraduates at a private Egyptian university. Many college students struggle emotionally, and those who are emotionally troubled are more likely to participate in eating unhealthy food. Our research will be used to inform regional policies on adolescent nutrition and to create preventative strategies.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-24T05:24:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231151480
       
  • The effect of dietary patterns on maternal anaemia in North Shewa,
           Ethiopia: A case–control study with Propensity Score Analysis

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      Authors: Kelemu Tilahun Kibret, Catherine Chojenta, Ellie D’Arcy, Deborah Loxton
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effect of dietary patterns during pregnancy on anaemia.Design, Setting and ParticipantsA case–control study with propensity score analysis was conducted among pregnant women selected from five health facilities in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia from November 2018 to March 2019. A multivariable conditional logistic regression model was applied after propensity score matching to assess the effect of dietary patterns on anaemia, and a p < 0.05 was taken as significant. Four hundred and seventeen pregnant women were included (105 cases and 312 controls) with a 1:3 case-to-control ratio. Cases were pregnant women with a haemoglobin level
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-23T08:13:39Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231152345
       
  • Evaluating the healthfulness of Asian American young adult dietary
           behaviors and its association with family structure: Disaggregated results
           from NHIS 2015

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      Authors: Shahmir H Ali, Niyati Parekh, Nadia S Islam, Alexis A Merdjanoff, Ralph J DiClemente
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Asian Americans (AA) young adults face a growing non-communicable disease burden linked with poor dietary behaviors. Family plays a significant role in shaping the diet of AA young adults, although little is known on the specific types of family structures most associated with different dietary behaviors. Aim: This analysis explores the changes in dietary behaviors across different AA young adult family structural characteristics. Methods: Nationwide data of 18–35-year-old self-identified Asians surveyed in the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was analyzed. Family structure was measured through family size, family health, and family members in one's life. The Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) measured the average intake of 10 food and nutrient groups. Published dietary guidelines were used to calculate the number of dietary recommendations met. Results: 670 AA young adults with dietary data were analyzed (26.1% Asian Indian, 26.1% Chinese, 19.3% Filipino, 28.5% other Asian). Participants had an average family size of 2.3. In weighted analyses, 19% of AA young adults met none of the examined dietary recommendations, and only 14% met 3–4 guidelines. Living with a child was associated meeting more dietary recommendations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.42). The adjusted association between living with an older adult and lower odds of meeting dietary recommendations approached significance (AOR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.49, 1.00). Conclusions: Findings revealed the important role of children and older adults in influencing the diet of AA young adults. Further mixed-methods research to disentangle mechanisms behind the influence of family structure on diet is warranted.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-23T08:12:50Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231151986
       
  • The relationship between diet, exercise, and inflammation in college
           students: A cross-sectional study

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      Authors: Andrea Y. Arikawa, Diane Kraft, Michel Harris, Doreen Perez, Michele Bednarzyk, Jenifer M. Ross
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Important changes in lifestyle habits, especially diet, typically occur during the transitional period between high school and college and some of these changes may increase the risk of inflammation. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and inflammation in college students. Methods: Students enrolled in a southeastern university participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed online questionnaires for assessment of demographics, supplement and dietary intake, sleep quality, and perceived stress. Body composition was measured during a clinic visit via air displacement plethysmography and blood and urine were collected for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol, respectively. Analysis of variance was used to examine associations between tertiles of CRP levels and lifestyle variables and a linear regression model was fit to investigate whether there were any significant predictors of CRP levels. Results: Analysis included data for 83 participants for whom serum CRP levels and diet intake were available. Approximately 68% of the participants were female; mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 24 years and 23.4 kg/m2, respectively. Alcohol intake was significantly associated with increasing CRP levels (P = 0.017). No other dietary variables or lifestyle characteristics such as sleep quality, perceived stress, or BMI were associated with tertiles of CRP. The best model to predict CRP levels included urinary cortisol, aerobic exercise duration, alcohol, and vitamin E intake (adjusted R2=0.27). Conclusion: Alcohol and vitamin E intake were found to be associated with increased CRP levels.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-18T06:55:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060231151263
       
  • Effect of abrupt and gradual calorie restriction regimens on biochemical
           and behavioral markers in obese mice model

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      Authors: Kousalya Nathan, Malligai E, Sugin Lal Jabaris S, Naveen K. Visweswaraiah
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Although Calorie Restriction (CR) is primarily considered in obesity management, behavioral studies of CR and its methodology of implementation are not well-defined. Objective: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the extensively researched method of CR—abrupt calorie restriction (ACR) and a newly proposed gradual calorie restriction (GCR) in terms of body weight, behavioral and biochemical parameters in the obese animal model—C57BL/6J mice. Design: Male obese mice were subjected to GCR regimen for 14 weeks which was compared and evaluated for anxiety-like behavior and stress levels with ACR. Plasma corticosterone was measured before initiation of CR and every three weeks following GCR and ACR, whereas plasma insulin was measured twice—after obesity induction and post 14 weeks of CR. The behavioral assessments were conducted before inducing CR and every three weeks following ACR and GCR. Results: A significant anxiety-like behavior and an increase in plasma corticosterone were observed in mice on GCR during the critical initial six weeks of CR (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-18T05:02:51Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221131726
       
  • Hispanic caregivers’ preferences for content, delivery methods, and
           sources of nutrition education from their child's preschool: Qualitative
           research findings

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      Authors: Stacey B Viera, Nikita Vivekanandan, Marshall Cheney, Daisy Le, Karina R Lora
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: With the obesity epidemic disproportionately affecting Hispanic children and preschool being a critical period when interventions may be effective to prevent it, nutrition education interventions in the preschool setting have the potential to stem obesity's spread. However, the nutrition education needs of low-income Hispanic populations and methods of delivery of that information require further exploration as culturally tailored approaches have seen limited reach to the target audience. Aim: To explore content, delivery methods, and sources of nutrition education that Hispanic caregivers prefer to receive from their child's preschool. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 25 self-identified Hispanic caregivers (≥18 years of age) of 3- to 5-year-old children at Head Start centers in the Washington, D.C., area. Caregivers were interviewed about preferred nutrition education topics, how nutrition education should be delivered, and by whom. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo v12. Results: Caregivers wanted to know about healthy foods and appropriate portion sizes to feed their children, fruit and vegetable feeding strategies, and how to incorporate Hispanic foods in healthy meals. Preferred delivery methods included receiving nutrition education and recipes in print and digital formats and in-person nutrition classes. Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children educators were regarded as trusted nutrition education sources. Conclusion: Tailored nutrition education messages combined with multiple delivery methods could be an effective way to reach Hispanic caregivers of preschoolers to increase their nutrition knowledge.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-13T01:45:53Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221146321
       
  • Short hydration education video and hiker fluid selection and consumption
           at trails, a non-randomized quasi-experimental field study

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      Authors: Rebecca Naldo, Josh Boeckman, Jennifer K Vanos, Stavros A Kavouras, Floris C Wardenaar
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Education may improve hiker safety on trails. Aim: To investigate the impact of an educational video on hiker fluid selection and fluid consumption in a hot environment. Methods: Quasi-experimental field study at hiking trails in which the intervention group (INT) viewed a three-minute hydration education video, whereas the control group (CON) did not. Before the hike, all hikers were asked if they wanted to select extra fluid, which was provided by the research team. Results: A total of n = 97 hikers participated in the study, with n = 56 in INT (32 male) and n = 41 in CON (25 male). Despite absolute differences in environmental conditions, the differences fell within the same WBGT category. The total amount of fluid brought to the trails by participants was different between INT: 904 (503–1758) mL and CON: 1509 (880–2176) mL (P = 0.006), but participants in the INT group selected extra fluid (41%; n = 23) significantly more often when compared with participants in the CON group (7%; n = 3; P 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-12T07:06:33Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221150303
       
  • No social distancing from food: How the COVID-19 pandemic shaped student
           food-related activities in the Western Balkans

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      Authors: Tarek Ben Hassen, Hamid El Bilali, Mohammad S. Allahyari, Sinisa Berjan, Adriana Radosavac, Drago Cvijanovic, Zvezda Bogevska, Aleksandra Despotovic, Željko Vaško
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has influenced food preparation and consumption habits, as well as food wastage. The pandemic also affected the lives of university students worldwide; their learning and living environments changed, influencing their eating habits.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ food-related activities in four countries in the Western Balkans: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro.MethodsThe research draws upon an online survey gathered through the SurveyMonkey platform in four Balkan countries—viz. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, and Montenegro—and used a structured questionnaire. The information was collected during the second wave of COVID-19 in October–November 2020. A total of 1658 valid responses were received. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the survey findings.ResultsThe research results suggest that the pandemic influenced students’ food purchase habits, diets, and food-related behaviors and practices such as food preparation, cooking, and food waste management at the household level. In particular, students have been eating healthier and shopping less frequently during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the pandemic improved their attitude toward food wastage.ConclusionThis study is the first to examine how students in the Balkan region perceive the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their eating habits, laying the groundwork for future studies into the disease's consequences. This and other studies will assist in preparing students and education institutions for future calamities and pandemics. The findings will also help develop evidence-based postpandemic recovery options targeting youth and students in the Western Balkans.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-11T02:11:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221143964
       
  • Changes in diet quality and its association with students’ mental state
           during two COVID-19 lockdowns in Croatia

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      Authors: Danijela Pfeifer, Josip Rešetar, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik, Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda, Ezgi Kolay, Boguslaw Stelcer, Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has left substantial consequences on the mental health of the student population, primarily through an increase in the symptoms of acute stress and anxiety. Aim: This study evaluated diet quality and its association with mental state among Croatian students during the spring and winter COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. Methods: Data were collected using an anonymous online self-reported questionnaire taken on two occasions. During the spring lockdown (from May 18 to June 7, 2020) and the winter lockdown (from December 14–22, 2020), 751 and 1188 students completed the questionnaire, respectively. Diet quality was determined using the pro-healthy diet index (pHDI) and non-healthy diet index (nHDI). Results: Although to the greatest extent associated with increased white meat, fish, and legumes intake, an increase in pHDI was also linked to increased consumption of water and sweets and decreased intake of processed meat products and nuts. Increased nHDI was mainly due to increased intake of processed meat products, alcohol, and sweets. Moreover, diet quality was higher during the lockdowns than in the periods before. However, diet quality increased to a lesser extent during the winter lockdown and was associated with a poorer mental state, shown as type D (Distressed) personality. Type D personality positively correlated with nHDI and sweets intake but negatively with pHDI, fruit, and vegetable consumption. Conclusion: These results indicate the need to alleviate further students’ diet quality and mental state impairment. Also, further investigation of the association between diet quality and mental state should be provided.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-06T05:24:26Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221144139
       
  • Mother's education and nutritional status as correlates of child stunting,
           wasting, underweight, and overweight in Nigeria: Evidence from 2018
           Demographic and Health Survey

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      Authors: Saheed Akinmayowa Lawal, David Aduragbemi Okunlola, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Isaac A. Adedeji
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Aim: This study examined the nexus between mother's education and nutritional status and their relationships with child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight. Methods: The data of 34,193 under-five (U-5) children from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and binary and complementary log-logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of child stunting, wasting, underweight, and overweight were 36.51%, 6.92%, 21.73%, and 2.05%, respectively. Compared to children born to mothers with at least secondary education, uneducated women's children (odds ratio (OR) = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–1.82) and those of women with primary education (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.28–1.72) were more likely to be stunted. Similarly, children born to uneducated women (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.24–1.83) were more likely to be underweight than women with at least secondary education. The likelihood of child underweight (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.45–2.01) and wasting (rate ratio (RR) = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.47–2.26) were higher among underweight mothers, respectively, than those with normal body mass index (BMI). The likelihood of child stunting (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.67–0.84) and underweight (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.57–0.77) were lower among obese/overweight mothers compared to those with normal BMI, but their children were more likely to be overweight (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.27–2.48). Conclusion: Attainment of higher education by mothers should be promoted to prevent childhood nutritional imbalances, and sensitization on healthy dietary habits and lifestyles should be promoted among women, especially the overweight/obese, to reduce their risk of having overweight children.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-02T11:39:08Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221146320
       
  • Parental khat use and early childhood growth status in Eastern Ethiopia

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      Authors: Kedir Teji Roba, Alexandra Brewis, Mason Manning, Jemal Yousuf Hassen
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      BackgroundAdult chewing of the stimulant plant khat (Catha edulis) has an unclear relationship with child growth outcomes. Contradictory study conclusions because habitual khat chewing covary with increased household income from khat production.AimDisentangling the association of parental khat use, household khat production, and child nutritional status and growth markers.MethodsBayesian analysis was applied to survey data for 2340 households containing 2760 children aged 24–60 months in a population-representative geographic sampling of two districts in Eastern Ethiopia, a khat chewing and producing region.ResultsStunting effects were more evident than wasting; the negative child growth effect of khat chewing persisted regardless of household khat production; maternal chewing particularly mattered for child growth delays.ConclusionsThis exploratory analysis suggests that future studies should target the interactions of khat chewing practices with gendered performances of child care/feeding responsibilities.
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-02T11:35:10Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221148898
       
  • The role of low-carbohydrate diets in the intensive care unit

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      Authors: Julia Hajjar, Claudia Dziegielewski, Sarah Dickson, Allison Simpson, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) nutrition therapy is characterized by carbohydrates comprising
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-02T11:00:42Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221149088
       
  • Special low protein foods for phenylketonuria in Turkey: An examination of
           their nutritional composition compared to regular food

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      Authors: Ezgi Arslan, Gulden Fatma Gokcay
      Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
      Background: Special low protein foods (SLPF) that are phenylalanine (Phe)-free or have a low Phe content are an integral part of PKU diet therapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional profiles of SLPFs used in Turkey and to compare their contents with equivalent products in the “regular” category, in order to evaluate nutritional and metabolic risks. Methods: Between February and March 2022, the information concerning the nutritional contents of “special low protein products” recommended for PKU and available in Turkey were obtained from the websites of producers/suppliers. Results: A total of 148 SLPFs were identified in Turkey. Compared to regular products, SLPFs were determined to contain less sugar and high carbohydrate content in the Turkish market (p 
      Citation: Nutrition and Health
      PubDate: 2023-01-02T10:59:55Z
      DOI: 10.1177/02601060221146580
       
 
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