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Authors:Waqas Asghar, Nauman Khalid Pages: 633 - 634 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 633-634, December 2022.
Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-28T04:22:20Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137176 Issue No:Vol. 28, No. 4 (2022)
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Pages: 783 - 783 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 783-783, December 2022.
Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-28T04:22:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221140089 Issue No:Vol. 28, No. 4 (2022)
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Authors:Matthew W Stefan, Matthew H Sharp, Raad H Gheith, Ryan P Lowery, Jacob M Wilson Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundVitamin E (α-tocopherol) is an essential micronutrient for human health and optimal physiological function. Inadequacy may be common due to a lack of bioavailability. The use of dietary lipids alongside other emulsification agents may elicit more robust serum concentrations of α-tocopherol via improved bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine oral bioavailability of two delivery methods of α-tocopherol, (1) a microemulsion gel formula composed of dietary lipids and other emulsification agents and (2) a dry solid tablet over 12 hours.MethodsTwelve participants (age = 37.3 ± 9.6 years; height = 173.4 ± 11.8 cm; body mass = 71.2 ± 10.0 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial comparing two delivery methods both dosed at 288 mg of α-tocopherol. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations were assessed from blood donated by participants at pre-consumption, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-hour post-consumption. Study conditions were separated by a 7-day washout.ResultsThe microemulsion gel formula delivery demonstrated significantly greater area under the curve (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-30T08:32:09Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221142330
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Authors:Latasha Neal, Victoria A. Zigmont Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Objective: Recent epidemiological research has found food insecurity to be a growing public health concern among college students. This study investigated food insecurity, mental health, and substance use behaviors among state university undergraduate students. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Student Health Survey. Undergraduate participants (n = 589) completed the paper-based survey, which had an 84% response rate overall. Results: Approximately 38.5% of students were considered food insecure, 24.8% experiencing low food security, and 13.8% experiencing very low food security. Having a diagnosis of depression, experience of depressive symptoms, and marijuana use in the past 30 days were associated with food insecurity. Conclusion and Implications: Food insecurity is a serious health concern for college students. The results of this study indicate collocating food security and counseling services may enhance existing student resources to better support students facing food and nutrition insecurity, substance use, and depression. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-30T07:22:40Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221142669
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Authors:Airi Sekine, Fumiko Okazaki, Hiroki Sugiyama, Kae Saeki, Reiko Suzuki Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundPsychological characteristics of eating behaviour may be related to dietary habits.AimWe investigated the association between eating behaviour characteristics and nutrition and food intake adequacy in Japanese adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted among 136 junior high school students (boys: 90, girls: 46) at a junior high school in Tokyo, Japan. Eating behaviour was categorised into three types (emotional, external, and restrained) using scores on the Japanese version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated, brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Inadequate nutrient intake was determined by counting the number of nutrients not meeting the dietary reference intake (DRI) for the Japanese population. The statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using JMP ver.14 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). All reported p values are two-tailed, and p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that restrained eating score was inversely associated with the number of nutrients not meeting the DRI (β = − 0.28; p = 0.0027) and with total weight of snack intake (β = − 0.30; p = 0.0010). Neither emotional nor external eating was significantly associated with the number of nutrients not meeting the DRI and with total weight of snack intake.ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents with low restrained eating scores may have less self-control over their eating behaviour and may therefore have inadequate dietary intake. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-29T05:56:01Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138644
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Authors:Nikhil Mehta, Purvi Pokharna, Saritha R Shetty Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The discovery of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is related to the ancient history of persistent research on the origins of the haemorrhagic disease scurvy. Vitamin C is an important nutrient that aids in a variety of biological and physiological processes. Scientists have been researching the function of vitamin C in the prevention and ailment of sepsis and pneumonia for decades. This has created a potential platform for applying these results to individuals suffering from severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin C's ability to activate and enhance the immune system makes it a promising treatment in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Vitamin C also aids in the activation of vitamin B, the production of certain neurotransmitters, and the transformation of cholesterol into bile acids. Hence, vitamin C is used for the treatment of many diseases. Aim: This review highlights the Vitamin C investigations that are performed by various researchers on patients with COVID 19 infection, the clinical studies and their observations. The authors have additionally updated information on the significance of vitamin C insufficiency, as well as its relevance and involvement in diseases such as cancer, wound healing, iron deficiency anaemia, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we discuss them with the references. Methods: The method used in order to perform literature search was done using SciFinder, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: There is a potential role of vitamin C in various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19 and other diseases and the results are highlighted in the review with the help of clinical and preclinical data. Conclusion: More research on vitamin C and the undergoing clinical trials might prove a potential role of vitamin C in protecting the population from current COVID-19 pandemic. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-29T01:47:55Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139628
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Authors:Emily Bair Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Standard practice for management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) frequently requires the use of hypoallergenic semi-elemental or elemental formulas. For some patients, there is poor tolerance of these formulas and no improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms. For others, especially those over 4 months of age, the introduction of these formulas is difficult due to their scientifically demonstrated poor palatability. Case presentation: This case report features an 18-month-old child diagnosed with FPIES at 4 months who failed to tolerate standard hypoallergenic semi-elemental and elemental formulas to supplement maternal breast milk feedings resulting in suboptimal growth. After failing to tolerate all standard options, the patient was introduced off-label to a plant-based pediatric formula, Else Toddler, at 6 months-of-age. Outcomes and implications: In this case, Else Toddler was tolerated as a source of supplemental nutrition without triggering FPIES symptoms. Recommendations: This case demonstrates the successful use of Else Toddler, a pediatric formula sourced from almond butter, buckwheat flour, and tapioca maltodextrin, as a possible alternative to the standard use of hydrolysate or elemental amino-acid formulas. It is free of some of the most common FPIES triggers – dairy, soy, rice, and pea proteins and there for a possible acceptable alternative approach to FPIES management. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-29T01:47:15Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138849
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Authors:Sornwichate Rattanachaiwong, Tippawan Siritientong, Veeradej Pisprasert, Pranithi Hongsprabhas, Phitphiboon Deawtrakulchai, Somkit Williams, Naluttaporn Suebsoh, Sidarut Samuksaman, Phayom Bunsut, Pornpoj Pramyothin, Nanta Khumkhana, Pennapa Tipsung, Mayura Vattanapongpisan, Panuwat Promsin Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundDiarrhea is a common problem in tube-fed patients. The relevant guidelines suggest using a peptide-based enteral formula in patients with diarrhea; however, sufficient evidence to support this recommendation is currently lacking.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-protein peptide-based formula on gastrointestinal intolerance, mainly focusing on diarrhea symptoms in patients who were intolerant to polymeric formula feeding.MethodsThis prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022 at two tertiary-care hospitals. Patients who presented with diarrhea during tube feeding with polymeric formula were assigned to receive a high-protein peptide-based formula for ≤7 days. Stool weight and frequency were monitored at baseline, on day 3, and on day 7 (or end of the study) as the primary outcomes.ResultsTwenty-eight tube-fed patients with diarrhea were recruited. After switching their feeding formula from polymeric to peptide based, significant improvements in stool frequency and stool weight were observed on day 3 and day 7 compared with the baseline (median [IQR] stool frequency: 5 (2), 2.5 (3.5), and 3 (3) times/day, respectively, p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-29T01:46:56Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136918
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Authors:Büşranur Delice, Neda Saleki, Merve Pehlivan, Fatma E Sezer, Hande Bakırhan, Volkan Özkaya Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged in China in December 2019 as a disease spreading from person to person by rapid droplet transmission, and which eventually evolved into a pandemic. Aim: This study aims to examine the psychosocial state, nutritional awareness, and physical activity level of municipal employees who provided services under changing working conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: A total of 220 employees working in two different municipalities in Istanbul were included in this study during March and April of 2021. For data collection, a questionnaire form was used. The form consisted of questions about the demographics and nutritional awareness of individuals, the Coronavirus-19 Phobia Scale, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form). Results: The mean total coronaphobia score was 51.08 ± 14.47 with the mean score for women being significantly higher than that for men (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-22T08:11:06Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138897
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Authors:Milad Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi, Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, Mehran Nouri, Ali Ahmadi, Shiva Faghih Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Today, food insecurity is recognized as an important public health problem that can have detrimental effects on families. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the determinants and consequences of food insecurity in families having children under the age of 2 years. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 307 mothers and their children under the age of 2 years were selected by stratified random sampling. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected by completing questionnaires through face-to-face interview. Household food insecurity (HFI) status was determined using the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) household food security questionnaire. Results: Based on the results, 67.4% of families were high food secure. Low and very low food security was 25.7% and 6.9%, respectively. House size (Beta = −0.019, 95% CI: −0.029, −0.009), father's job (Beta = −4.758, 95% CI:−6.777, −2.738), father education (Beta = −0.370, 95% CI: −0.717, −0.023), and economic status (Beta = −0.628, 95% CI: −0.809, −0.448) were significantly related to the USDA total food insecurity score (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-22T08:10:07Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221135923
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Authors:Bharathi M Purohit, Anika Dawar, Kalpana Bansal, Ms. Nilima, Sumit Malhotra, Vijay P Mathur, Ritu Duggal Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundSugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are an independent risk factor for obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the key drivers for the purchase and consumption of SSBs among children and adults; however, there is a lack of strong evidence. This study aims to determine the association between SES and consumption patterns of SSBs across populations.ResultsThe review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles until 2022. Participants included children, adolescents, and adults who consumed different SSBs and were assessed based on their SES. The random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled odds ratio (OR). Twenty-one studies (152,070 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool, with the majority of the studies indicating medium to high quality. Eight ORs from four studies (34,454 participants) were considered for meta-analysis. Results showed those belonging to high SES had 48% lower odds of consuming the SSBs (OR 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42–0.61; p = 0.017). The overall quality of evidence was ascertained using GRADE criteria, illustrating a moderate certainty of evidence between SSB consumption and SES.ConclusionMeta-analysis suggests that SES influences the consumption pattern of SSBs, with high SES having lower odds of SSB consumption. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-17T06:33:18Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139588
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Authors:Zulaikhah Atyas Permatasari, Ahmad Syauqy Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Most people with abnormal lipid profiles are found in middle-aged adults in Indonesia. Unhealthy food consumption was positively associated with dyslipidemia. In contrast, healthy food consumption, including fruits and vegetables, was inversely associated with dyslipidemia. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the association between food consumption with dyslipidemia among middle-aged adults in Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the national representative survey of Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR) conducted by the National Institute of Health Research Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health, Indonesia, in 2018. The study recruited 10,608 participants aged from 45 to 59 years old. An unadjusted or adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and a multivariate logistic regression model were performed to evaluate the associations of food consumption with dyslipidemia. Results: Frequent consumption of barbecue and soft drink was significantly correlated with dyslipidemia (OR = 1.149, CI: 1.055–1.251 and OR = 1.202, CI: 1.041–1.388). Frequent consumption of soft drink, and inadequate intakes of fruits and vegetables were significantly correlated with dyslipidemia (OR = 1.254, CI: 1.012–1.553, OR = 1.178, CI: 1.013–1.388, OR = 1.219, CI: 1.011–1.471, respectively) in men. While, frequent consumption of barbecue was significantly correlated with dyslipidemia (OR = 1.203, CI: 1.068–1.355) in women. Conclusion: Frequent consumption of barbecue and soft drink increased the risk of developing dyslipidemia among middle-aged adults in Indonesia. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-16T06:35:34Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221139910
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Authors:Oluwaseun F. Akinmoladun, Fortune A. Femi, Cebisa N. Nesamvuni Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is preventable by effectively managing its risk factors. Such risk factors (smoking, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles, etc.) are judged to reflect an individual's self-efficacy, lifestyle modification, and CVD knowledge. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between lifestyle practices, self-efficacy, and knowledge of CVDs risk factors among the elderly. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 424 randomly individuals whose age is ≥60 years. A questionnaire-based survey was administered on the self-efficacy rate, lifestyle practices, and respondents’ knowledge of CVDs risk factors. Respondents with a score of ≤50%, 51%–74.99%, and ≥75% were classified as having low, medium, or high self-efficacy. Similarly, the same score was used to classify poor, fair, or good lifestyle; and low, average, or high knowledge. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, while association among variables was determined using chi-square. Results: Few respondents were involved in physical exercise (1.7%), cigarette smoking (4.5%), regular soft drinks (18.2%), and alcohol consumption (13.2%). Many respondents used excess salt during cooking (92.7%) or ate outside their homes (64.6%). 58.5%, 30.0%, and 11.6% of the respondents had fair, good, and poor lifestyle practices. 11.3%, 58.7%, and 30.0% had low, medium, and high self-efficacy scores. A total of 45.3%, 35.4%, and 19.3% had low, average, and high knowledge. Knowledge and self-efficacy scores were significantly different (P = 0.001). Conclusion: High self-efficacy and its significant relationship with knowledge could mean that CVD risk factors can be checked if the elderly have a proper lifestyle, positive attitudes, and nutrition education. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-15T07:57:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138894
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Authors:Abdelkader Basli, Jihane Bounaas Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of two types of protein deposits in the brain, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The first one are dense deposits of beta amyloid protein, the second one are dense deposits of the protein tau. These proteins are present in all of our brains, but in AD they act unusually, leading to neuronal degeneration. This review will provide an overview of the AD, including the role of amyloid beta and tau, and mechanisms that lead to the formation of plaques and tangles. The review will also cover the existing researches that have focused on the inhibition of amyloid beta formation, cholinesterase, tau hyperphosphorylation, the pathogenic mechanisms of apoE4, and GSK-3 as a solution that could be used to slow or prevent the disease. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-15T07:32:36Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137104
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Authors:Moustafa Berrichi, Meryem Berrichi,
Nadira Abdat Bey-Omar, Wafaa Ferouani, Manel Haddouche Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. ObjectivesDuring recent years, hypertension and related cardiovascular complications have become the leading health challenges of this century. Non-pharmacologic strategies, emphasizing mainly salt restriction and physical activity, are recommended for all patients with hypertension. Our objective was to assess the impact of low salt white bread intake, widely consumed in Western Algeria, on blood pressure values in hypertensive patients with and without comorbidities.Materials and methods134 hypertensive patients (male = 78, female = 56) were included. The study population was divided into two groups according to their choice of following a low salt white bread diet or not. Their dietary salt intake and physical activity were surveyed along with their blood pressure measurements and associated comorbidities. Other clinical and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsPatients following low salt bread diet showed decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (119.07/74.63 mmHg) compared to the second group (131.92/79.81) (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-11T08:31:22Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138176
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Authors:Jacqueline L Anderson, Audrey C Tierney, Caitlin Miles, Tom Kotsimbos, Susannah J King Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Probiotics are used by people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic diseases to manage gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim: To describe probiotic knowledge; its relationship with probiotic use, probiotic information sources and factors influencing choice in adults with CF and a general population control group. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in adults with CF (n = 205) and Controls (n = 158). Probiotic knowledge was compared between CF and Controls using a knowledge score (maximum 5) based on predefined criteria: (1a) bacteria/microorganism; (1b) live; (2a) administered; (2b) adequate dose and (3) health benefit, using independent samples t-test. Two-way analysis of variance explored knowledge scores between CF and Control and between Ever User and Never User groups. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests compared knowledge criterion, probiotic sources and influences on probiotic choice between groups. Thematic analysis of open-text responses explored probiotic-related knowledge and influences on probiotic decision making. Results: Knowledge scores (mean ± SD) did not differ between CF (1.70 ± 1.12) and Controls (1.89 ± 0.99), p = 0.13. Probiotic use was associated with knowledge score (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-11T07:21:32Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136653
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Authors:Paraskevi Detopoulou, George I Panoutsopoulos, Garifallia Kalonarchi, Vassilios Papamikos Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The novel food compass score (FCS) may ease food choices and policy actions. Aim: To assess the correlations of FCS with key nutrients in hospital meals. Methods: A 14-day hospital menu was recorded and analyzed with the USDA database and published FCS values. Results: The menu FCS was 40.6 ± 3.7 (mean ± standard deviation). Fish, vegetable, chicken, and egg-based meals had the highest FCS, while pork/beef meals had the lowest FCS. The FCS was positively related to vitamins (vitamin C, thiamine, B6, folate, pantothenic acid, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotenoids), choline and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, copper, and manganese) and negatively associated with zinc, niacin, and animal protein. Moreover, the FCS was positively related to portions of cheese, fish, vegetables, and eggs and negatively to portions of poultry, refined grains, and margarine. Conclusion: The FCS may help in designing healthier nutrient-dense hospital menus. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-10T06:06:59Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138369
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Authors:Nihal Natour, Mariam Al-Tell Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Although the COVID-19 epidemic was linked to movement limitations and a sense of risk among the general public, changes in lifestyle and mental health were not examined among Palestinians. The study aimed to investigate changes in a group of Palestinians’ lifestyles and mental health. Methodology: A translated questionnaire about demographics, mental health difficulties, and lifestyle choices was created using Google Forms and distributed over social media and academic platforms. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants’ mean age was 25 9 years, 67% were women, and 47% were city dwellers. About 82% had a bachelor's degree. Infection with COVID-19 was present in 13% of study group, COVID-19 infection caused the death of a relative in 13% of study group, and commitment to limits was present in 14% of study group. Negative emotions like despair, hopelessness, and worry were extremely common. Despite eating a few fruits and vegetables and drinking a lot of soft beverages, study participants were generally active. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a negative impact on lifestyle and mental well-being. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-10T06:06:20Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137625
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Authors:Frank C Ogbo, Rebecca C Chukwuanukwu, James Ogochukwu Okafoanyali Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Knowledge plays a key role in shaping people's attitudes and behaviors to adopt healthy lifestyles, which is important in any program of NCD prevention. There is no data about how much the general public in South-East Nigeria (SE) knows about how their diets may dispose or help them prevent NCDs. Aim: This study aims to assess knowledge available on the relationship between NCDs and diets/foods including mushrooms among the general public of SE Nigeria. Methods: Data was collected using the survey questionnaire and interview method in the five SE States: Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: A total of 846 responses were received from 1000 questionnaires. Proportion of respondents who knew (p^yes) about a relationship between diets and NCDs was 51.5%. p^yes was significantly higher among males than females and increased with age and level of education of respondents. It also varied among the States of SE Nigeria. Knowledge scores based on a scale of 0–5 revealed that respondents knew more about foods, which can reduce (2.3 ± 0.102) e.g., fruits/vegetables, than can increase (1.9 ± 0.096) e.g., sugary/starchy foods, the risk of NCDs. Varying proportions of respondents in all States of the SE knew that mushroom consumption can ameliorate NCDs. Conclusion: This study reveals that half of population of SE Nigeria knows about the relationship between diets and NCDs. A significant proportion also knows that mushroom consumption can ameliorate NCDs suggesting prospects of its utilization in preventing NCDs. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-10T05:51:59Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137623
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Authors:Rajanna Ajumeera, Ganapathi Thipparapu,
Barath Singh Padya, Lalitha Tirumala, Suresh Challa Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Pancreatic cancer is the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths in many developed countries with a poor prognosis. With advanced disease conditions chemotherapy, surgery followed by radiation is the regimen to prolong the survival. But a complete cure is questionable. Metformin is the first-line drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the world. Aim: The study aims to assess the anti-cancer activity of metformin with the combination of micronutrient pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in the human pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). Methods: Panc1 cells were maintained in vitro cell culture conditions. The IC50 concentrations of metformin and PLP were estimated and selected by using MTT assay. Morphological changes upon treatments were observed under microscope. Distribution of cells pattern was observed with propidium iodide dye in cell cycle assay. Different phases of cell distribution were studied with apoptosis assay. Results: More morphological changes were observed with PLP followed metformin. MTT assay revelled the IC50 concentrations of metformin and PLP were 20.95 ± 0.98 mM and 5.70 ± 0.07 mM. The cell cycle assay revealed that the percentage of cells was arrested in different phases with the treatments. Apoptosis assay revelled metformin increased necrosis population to 9.9%, whereas PLP has enhanced to 14.2% apoptosis. Tumour suppressor protein p53 levels had increased to 24.8% with PLP and 3.5% with metformin. Conclusion: In conclusion, PLP has significantly induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and enhanced p53 protein expression but a combination of PLP with metformin drug has not synergised anti-cancer activity in human PANC1 cells. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-09T07:11:00Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137624
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Authors:Ayal Debie, Getnet Mitike Kassie, Chalie Tadie Tsehay, Tsegaye Gebremedhin, Eskedar Getie Mekonnen, Wubet Worku Takele, Ashenafi Tazebew, Amare Demsie Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Inadequate intake of food is one of the causes of malnutrition and has significant impact on the deaths of children in low-income countries. Community-based management of acute malnutrition was endorsed as a strategy to alleviate such burdens of child morbidity and mortality associated with malnutrition. Despite outpatient therapeutic program has decentralized to health post level, there is still a lack of adequate evidence regarding the recovery rates from outpatient therapeutic program at health post level in Ethiopia. In addition, the previous body of articles did not show the local situations, particularly the recovery rates of severe acute malnutrition children from outpatient therapeutic program in the central Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Aim: This study aimed to assess recovery rate and associated factors among severe acute malnourished children enrolled to outpatient therapeutic program at health posts of Central Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Methods: This study was a facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on 349 children who had managed for severe acute malnutrition in outpatient therapeutic program in Central Gondar zone from March to May 2021. A structured and pre-tested data extraction checklist adapted from literatures was used to collect the data. The children were selected using consecutive sampling from 39 health posts. Data were entered, cleaned, coded and analyzed using Stata version 14 software. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with recovery rate from outpatient therapeutic program. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-09T07:10:20Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137102
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Authors:Maria Gabriela Robles Mengoa, Bianca Tavares Rangel, Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves Garcia, Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio, Anna Clara Gurgel Gomes, Carina Toshie Campos Sugio, Gabriel Takeshi Orikasa, Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background:Soft drinks are drinks high in sugar and acidity, but low in nutritional benefits. Despite its great popularity, its consumption is alerted due to the numerous systemic harm caused. Aim:This work aims to provide information and critically review the literature on the risk of soft drink consumption in an integrative view with nutritional, dental, and medical aspects. Methods:A search was carried out based on the identification of the theme, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of databases for research and, finally, the reading, interpretation, and discussion of the selected sources. A search was conducted using the keywords: “soft drinks” AND “obesity” OR “dental erosion” OR “diabetes” OR “hypertension” OR “mental health” OR “multimorbidities” in databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS between 2017 and 2022. Results:Seventy-six studies were included in the article after the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion:We conclude that the high consumption of soft drinks is associated with oral and general diseases. Therefore, a multi-professional approach to guide patients to moderate the consumption of these beverages is extremely important. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-09T07:09:20Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136356
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Authors:Megan R Harrison Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have been proposed as a solution; however, valid concerns exist as to whether commercial interest can be balanced with public health goals. Aims: This study describes the effects of interventions carried out through PPPs on diet-related obesity risk factors, namely fruit and vegetable (F&V), sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and energy-dense food consumption, among school-aged children. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted from January 1990 to December 2021 across three databases. Out of the 276 articles initially identified, 8 were included. Data were extracted from each article on study characteristics, partners involved, partnership descriptions, and partnership outcomes. A descriptive analysis included frequency counts for specific study attributes. Results: All studies took place in the United States and were published between 2010 and 2017. Most were cohort studies (75%) and involved structured, healthy lifestyle interventions (75%). Nearly all interventions included components targeting F&V consumption (88%), followed by energy-dense food consumption (50%), and SSB consumption (38%). Business sector partners were largely food producers, food retailers, and private healthcare providers; however, few studies provided details on their partnering arrangements. No studies reported harmful changes in diet-related obesity risk factors. Conclusion: Collaboration across sectors is needed to address drivers of obesity where children live, learn, and play. The small sample size and heterogeneity in this review prohibits definitive conclusions pertaining to the effect of PPPs on childhood obesity. Future research efforts are needed to develop a taxonomy for better classifying and examining PPPs. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T08:05:11Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136184
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Authors:Kai Ting Mok, Serene En Hui Tung, Satvinder Kaur, Yit Siew Chin, Mohammad Yusoff Martini, Vaidehi Ulaganathan Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: One of the key importance of vegetable consumption is to obtain sufficient micronutrients, dietary fibre, and for the prevention of childhood obesity. Most Malaysian children did not meet the recommended intake of vegetable consumption, and this is especially vulnerable among the urban poor population due to food insecurity. Efforts are needed to promote vegetable consumption that fall short of the recommended intake level. Aim: This trial aims to examine the effectiveness of the “GrowEat” project, as a nutrition intervention programme integrated with home gardening activities to improve vegetable consumption among urban poor children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: This is a single-blinded parallel two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) that include 134 children. Two zones in Kuala Lumpur will be randomly selected, and three low-cost housing flats from each zone will be selected as the intervention and control groups respectively. The trial is designed based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Children from the intervention group (n = 67) will attend a 12-week programme, which consists of home garden-based activities, gardening and nutrition education session. Assessment will be conducted for both groups at three time points: baseline, post-intervention and follow-up phase at 3 months after the intervention. Conclusion: We anticipate positive changes in vegetable consumption and its related factors after the implementation of the “GrowEat” project. The current intervention may also serve as a model and can be extended to other urban poor population for similar interventions in the future to improve vegetable consumption, agriculture and nutrition awareness. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T08:04:51Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221134997
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Authors:Lalitha Samuel, Sawyer I. Basch Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThere has been substantial debate surrounding the use of genetically modified foods (GMFs).AimThe purpose of this study was to describe the content of news articles covering GMFs.MethodsA search was completed on Google News using the key words “genetically modified foods” and the resulting 100 English-language news articles were analyzed for content.ResultsOnly 26% of the articles analyzed were from professional or government sources. Among all content categories, definition or explanation of GMFs with a featured product as an example had the highest coverage, being addressed in 74% of the sample. Identification of GMFs from food labels (p = .001), was significantly associated with the source of the article (p > .05).ConclusionsOpportunities exist for scientists, educators, and health experts to present evidence-based and science-based information, with a balanced emphasis on the risks and benefits of GMFs to help consumers to make well-informed choices. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T07:34:30Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136917
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Authors:Ezgi Arslan, Tugce Ozlu, Emre Batuhan Kenger, Bilge Meral Koc Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The relationship between diet, inflammation and mental health has been receiving increasing interest. However, limited data are available on the inflammatory role of diet in university students, among whom depression is commonly observed. Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression among female students of nutrition and dietetics department, whom we assume to be conscious about health. Methods: DII scores were determined by averaging the 3-day dietary records. Depression status of the students was determined by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Our study was conducted with 122 female university students. The mean total BDI score of the students in the first tertile (more anti-inflammatory effect) was found significantly lower than those of the students in the second and third tertiles (p = 0.001). In addition, there were no significant difference between the depression scores of the students and their grade level (p = 0.114) and place of residence (p = 0.866). We found a positive association between DII and depressive symptoms (Model 1, B = 0.512, %95 CI: 0.236–0.789, p = 0.000). This relationship was also found when adjusting for age, weight, body mass index, smoking status, and presence of chronic disease (Model 2, B = 0.496, %95 CI: 0.217–0.776, p = 0.006; Model 3, B = 0.493, %95 CI: 0.210–0.777, p = 0.024. Conclusion: Supporting that the inflammatory burden of diet is associated with mental health, our findings are of significance for the development of anti-inflammatory nutritional approaches among students who are prone to depression. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T07:34:00Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221136357
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Authors:David Colozza Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar is a major driver behind rising non-communicable disease rates in Asia-Pacific. Urban residence is considered a risk factor for increased consumption of these products; yet, evidence on consumption behaviours and drivers from urban populations in the region remains limited. Aim: To understand perceptions and drivers of unhealthy fats, salt and sugar foods and drinks consumption and eating out behaviours in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia. Methods: In-depth qualitative data were collected through open-ended interviews and prolonged interactions in the local food environment, from a purposeful sample (N = 45) equally distributed across three urban communities. Data were analysed according to the principles of content analysis and following an iterative approach. Results: Despite showing high nutritional health awareness, respondents and their household members consumed ultra-processed foods high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar regularly. Home consumption of these products was based primarily on economic considerations and convenience, but also related to attending requests from other family members, individual preferences and tastes, and social functions. Similarly, despite a reported preference for home-cooked traditional foods, several participants or their family members would frequently eat ready-made meals away from home, due to conflicting school or work commitments. Discussion: Results suggest that public health interventions focused on nutrition education among Indonesian communities should be coupled with measures addressing urban food environment characteristics that promote the consumption of unhealthy diets, be tailored to specific age groups, and leverage traditional food cultures. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T07:33:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221133897
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Authors:Robert A DiSilvestro, Daniel J DiSilvestro, Elizabeth Joseph Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Many types of people have been noted to show less than maximum zinc functional status. One group that has not been examined is healthy middle-aged, non-vegetarian men in the USA. Aim: To determine if supplementation with zinc improves values for two plasma indicators of zinc status. Methods: Zinc arginate (30 mg zinc/day) was given for 6 weeks to healthy middle-aged men. Results: Supplementation produced statistically significant, but small increases in plasma values for zinc and activity of 5′-nucleotidase, a zinc enzyme. Conclusion: These results suggest that middle-aged, healthy, meat-eating US males tend to show close to maximal zinc functional status. However, such men may not have a safety margin in zinc stores that covers situations where higher than normal zinc needs develop. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-31T06:41:30Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221133901
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Authors:Fabio Pulcinelli, Mariaignazia Curreli, Pier Giorgio Natali, Virginia Quaresima, Luisa Imberti, Mauro Piantelli Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundPlatelet dysfunctions are shared by cardiovascular diseases and a wide range of inflammatory diseases.AimsTo determine the ability of a new whole tomato-based food supplement (WTBFS) containing carotenoid and olive polyphenols to inhibit platelet aggregation.MethodsAggregation was evaluated in platelet-rich plasma using microtiter plates and a plate reader.ResultsPlatelets treated with WTBFS showed a>70% reduction of 5 µM adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation; at 10 µM of ADP, the inhibitory effect of WTBFS was reduced of about 50%. Similarly, 78% and 48% reduction were obtained using 5 µg/mL and 10 µg /mL of collagen as an agonistConclusionSince the compounds in WTBFS share the ability to inhibit STAT3, the inhibition of its signaling pathway may represent the mechanism underlying the antiplatelet activities. The activity of a lipophilic solution prepared from WTBS was in vitro tested on the platelet aggregation in response to ADP agonists and Collagen. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-27T06:24:08Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221135334
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Authors:Tran Thai Phuc, Tran Quang Duc, Vu Thi Quynh Chi, Phan Ngoc Quang Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundChronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with excess weight as a significant risk factor, but few studies have been sufficient enough to examine the magnitude of excess weight of Vietnamese adults. This review aimed to provide a generalized estimate of the prevalence of excess weight among Vietnamese adults.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and national database were used to identify articles published up to May 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to rate the study quality. The data was analyzed using RStudio software, and the combined effects were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. The Cochran's Q-test and the I2 test were employed to examine heterogeneity, and subgroups were conducted. Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots were used to determine publication bias.Results58 studies with 432,585 participants from 1998 to 2020 were suitable for inclusion in the final model after meeting the prerequisites. Over the last three decades, the combined pooled prevalence of excess weight among adults in Vietnam was 20.3% (95% CI: 15.2–26.6). Notably, this proportion has a tendency to go up between 1998 and 2020. Moreover, rates of excess weight were found to be substantially higher in non-national studies (23.1%, 17.3–30.1) compared to national studies (8.4%, 3.6–18.3) and significantly higher when Asian and Pacific cut-offs (27.6%, 20.0–36.7) were used rather than WHO classification (11.2%, 6.7–18.0).ConclusionThe findings suggest healthcare professionals and policymakers should focus more on designing and implementing preventive initiatives to lower the rising prevalence of excess weight adults in Vietnam. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-26T07:59:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129440
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Authors:Whye Lian Cheah, Edmund Chin Vui Shin, Helmy Hazmi Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Disordered eating is common among late adolescents and young adults who pursue an idealised body image. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of disordered eating between males and females and its associated factors among college and university students in Sarawak. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 20 public and private colleges and universities in Sarawak, from September 2017 to March 2020. Respondents completed self-administered questionnaires both in the English and Malay language. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, eating attitude, body dissatisfaction, perceived sociocultural pressure, self-esteem, drive for muscularity and perfectionism were collected. Results: A total of 776 respondents (male: 30.9%; female: 69.1%) aged 19 to 25 years old took part in the study. The overall prevalence of disordered eating was 25.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9; 28.7) with females (28.6%, 95% CI 24.6; 32.9) higher than males (15.6%, 95% CI 10.5; 21.9). Multivariate analysis showed for both male and female models, perceived sociocultural pressure (male: β = 1.125, p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-26T07:31:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221132597
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Authors:Frank S. Fan Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Substance misuse brings tremendous harm to global health. Strategies for the treatment and prevention of drug addiction are in urgent need. Aim: Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) widely distributed in the central nervous system has been identified as a hopeful target in the management of certain substance abuse. Discovery of food ingredients that act on TAAR1 might help health care providers develop chemoprevention for substance misuse disorders. Methods: Animal experiments clearly demonstrated the capability of TAAR1 agonists in attenuating addictive behavior regarding cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and morphine. Ractopamine, a livestock feed additive used in the United States for over 20 years, has proven to be a full TAAR1 agonist. Literature review and internet web database survey were performed to see if ractopamine residues in meat could affect substance addiction behavior. Results: Integrating all available epidemiologic studies revealed that the prevalence of cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and opioid misuse showed steadily downward or stable trends coincidently during the same time period of ractopamine use in the United States. Conclusion: A hypothesis is thus raised here that ractopamine residues in meat might have contributed secretly to the smoothened prevalence curves of cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and opioids addiction. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-21T05:37:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221134139
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Authors:Joseph Whittaker Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. A recent meta-analysis found low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets (> 3.4 g/kg of bodyweight/day) (g/kg/day) decreased men's total testosterone (∼5.23 nmol/L) [Whittaker and Harris (2022) Low-carbohydrate diets and men's cortisol and testosterone: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition and Health. DOI : 10.1177/02601060221083079]. This finding has generated substantial discussion, however, it has often lacked clarity and context, with the term ‘high-protein’ being used unqualified. Firstly, diets < 3.4 g/kg/day are not associated with a consistent decrease in testosterone. Secondly, the average protein intake is ∼1.3 g/kg/day, conventional ‘high-protein’ diets are ∼1.8–3 g/kg/day and the vast majority of athletes are < 3.4 g/kg/day; meaning very few individuals will ever surpass 3.4 g/kg/day. To avoid such confusion in the future, the following definitions are proposed: very high (> 3.4 g/kg/day), high (1.9–3.4 g/kg/day), moderate (1.25–1.9 g/kg/day) and low ( 3.4 g/kg/day) appear to decrease testosterone, however high- and moderate-protein diets (1.25–3.4 g/kg/day) do not. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-21T05:37:05Z
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Authors:Naimeh Hasheminejad, Mohammad Reza Mahmoodi, Tayebeh Malek Mohammadi, Ali Karamoozian Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Aim: The objective was to determine the frequency pattern and nutritional quality of breakfast and snacks in Iranian adolescents and to investigate these dietary habits in relation to tooth decay and tooth erosion. Methods: A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit 600 adolescents with equal sex distribution in the city of Kerman/southeast of Iran. Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Tooth Wear Index (TWI) were recorded for each subject. Snacking and breakfast quality, frequency of snacking and regular/irregular use of main meals were also recorded. Poisson regression and Firth's bias-reduced penalized-likelihood logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: DMFT score of adolescents who consumed low-quality snacks were 1.13 times more than those who consumed high-quality snacks. Regular use of all three main meals was associated with a lower DMFT score. DMFT score of adolescents who did not have regular use of breakfast was 1.19 times more than those who consumed breakfast on a regular basis. Also, regarding adolescents who had an irregular use of lunch, the DMFT score was 1.3 times more than those who had a regular lunch schedule. In addition, participants with irregular dinner consumption had 1.24 times more DMFT scores compared to those with a regular dinner schedule. Conclusions: Regular breakfast consumption, decreased snacking occasions, use of higher nutritional quality snacks, and increased nutritional education are important in order to prevent a higher chance of dental caries and promote dental health status. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-19T06:53:21Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221130426
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Authors:Mbah Larissa Akeh, Nicholas Tendongfor, Ashu Julie Nchung, Given Chipili, Xikombiso Mbhenyane, Ayuk Betrand Tambe Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: A major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children in displaced settings is malnutrition. Approximately, 45% of deaths are linked to undernutrition among children under 5 years of age. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among internally displaced (IDP) children from 6 to 59 months. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was conducted from May to June 2021. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select mothers/caregivers and administer a structured questionnaire that consisted of three sections: sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, health-related factors and anthropometric measurements) was used to collect data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0. Bivariate analysis was done at p < 0.20 and logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Results: Overall, 395 children were enrolled with a mean age of 31.4 ± 9.1 months and 59.0% were males. Findings revealed that 52% of children were malnourished; stunted (22.1%), wasted (4.8%), underweight (6.3%) and overweight (35.4%). Independent predictors of overall malnutrition were the age of the mothers/caregivers (AOR: 8.0, 95% CI: 2.0 – 32.1), children who had not taken all their vaccines (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4 –3.8), children not dewormed (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3–6.3), Children not exclusively breastfed (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1–9.6). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high among children living in internally displaced households. Thus, there is a need for vaccination and deworming campaigns, and nutritional and educational intervention programmes to improve both forms of malnutrition: undernutrition and over-nutrition. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-14T06:00:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221132134
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Authors:Nooshin Rouhani-Tonekaboni, Asieh Ashouri, Fardin Mehrabian, Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan, Nasibeh Farmani-Ghasbeh, Parisa Kasmaei, Tahereh Kamalikhah Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: As nutritional needs increase in adolescence, dairy consumption can play a key role in health and disease prevention; however, unfortunately, inadequate consumption of milk and dairy products has often been reported in adolescents. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between decisional balance, self-efficacy, and the processes of change with the stages of change for dairy consumption in female high school students in Shaft county located in the west of Gilan Province, Iran. Methods: A total of 385 female high school students in Shaft County were studied through the census method in 2019. The data collection instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire consisting of demographic information, stages of change and items of transtheoretical model constructs including the processes of change (cognitive process: consciousness-raising, dramatic relief, self-reevaluation, environmental reevaluation, and social liberation; behavioral process: self-liberation, counter conditioning, reinforcement management, stimulus control and helping relationships), decisional balance and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Results: A total of 208 (54%), 53 (13.8%), 56 (14.5%), 32 (8.3%) and 36 (9.4%) students were in the pre-contemplate, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance stages, respectively. As the subjects progressed through the stage of change for dairy consumption, an increase in the mean score of self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change was observed (P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-12T07:10:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221131207
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Authors:Kaila A Vento, Alexis Koskan, Heidi Lynch, Stavros Kavouras, Carol Johnston, Floris C Wardenaar Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Females are prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to estrogen fluctuations affecting vaginal flora. While menstruating, increased fluid consumption to support urination frequency and void volume may be important, as the urethra and urinary tract are more predisposed to bacteria, particularly UTI pathogens. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of hydration on urinary tract health during menstruation among underhydrated premenopausal women. Methods: Thirteen females participated in a 60-day 2 × 2 randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming ≥2.2 L of total beverage fluid intake, with 1.9 L being water, (intervention, INT) and maintaining habitual fluid intake (control, CON) on two subsequent menses. Participants completed fluid and urination diaries at days 2 and 5 after the onset of bleeding (day 1) to determine the fluid amount consumed and urination frequency. Urine concentration was assessed in afternoon (days 2 and 5) and uropathogenic bacterial activity in first-morning (days 3 and 6) urinations. General linear models assessed differences in bacterial and hydration outcomes. Results: The intervention led to a 62% mean total fluid increase, INT 3.0 ± 1.1 L and CON 1.9 ± 0.9 L, p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-12T07:08:41Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129159
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Authors:Luis E. Flores, Jorge F. Elgart, Analía G. Abraham, Graciela L. Garrote, Rocío Torrieri, Alberto Cepeda, Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas, Juan J. Gagliardino Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Objective: Our aim was to identify changes in population habits induced by COVID-19 confinement in Argentina. Methods: An internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults in Argentina on December 2020, requesting possible changes occurring during the COVID-19 outbreak. It included 26 questions regarding general information (age, gender, location), eating habits, desire/anxiety for food or to eat between meals, weight gain, physical activity, and hours of sleep. We ran a descriptive statistical analysis of changes in habits and lifestyle during the confinement, followed by a logistic regression analysis to explore the relation between these changes and weight gain. Results: Out of 1536 survey participants, 57.1% were female, aged 38.8 ± 13.1 years. Data showed that during the outbreak, people experienced significant changes in food intake, physical activity, nutritional supplement consumption, anxiety, and sleeping disorders. These changes in behavior resulted in an elevated percentage of people (39.7%) that gained weight (average 4.8 ± 2.8 kg). Weight gain was associated with more food consumption (OR: 9.398), increased snacking between meals (OR: 1.536), anxiety about food (OR: 3.180), less practice of physical activity (OR: 0.586) and less consumption of nutritional supplements (OR: 0.762). Conclusions: COVID-19 outbreak was associated with unhealthy lifestyle changes and body weight increase. These adverse side effects could be prevented by active promotion of nutritional advice and physical activity, implementing virtual activities associated with regular mass promotion campaigns. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-12T07:07:42Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127115
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Authors:Koji Sato, Kaori Seto Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscorea esculenta, has been reported to decrease prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and any other inflammatory cytokine in rodents. However, it is still unclear whether D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 production and menstrual pain and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in younger female. Aim This study aims to investigate the effect of D. esculenta intake on PGE2 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COX-2) levels and on menstrual pain and PMS in young women. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Methods Ten healthy young females were administered either a placebo or D. esculenta (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood sample was taken from the fingertips on the second day of menstrual cycle began and obtained 24h before the last D. esculenta to avoid acute effects. Participants then switched treatments for 4 weeks as a second trial. Plasma PGE2 and COX-2 levels were measured before and after each trial. The visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), and Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) were also evaluated. The study was set and conducted from 2019 to 2020. Results PGE2 and COX-2 levels significantly decreased after D. esculenta intake compared to placebo (p = 0.038, p = 0.042 each). The VAS and DRSP scores were also significantly lower after D. esculenta intake (p = 0.046, p = 0.035 each). Conclusion Four-week D. esculenta intake suppressed PGE2 and COX-2 levels resulting in an improvement in PMS symptoms and menstrual pain in young women. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-11T07:35:32Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221130889
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Authors:Elina Jacob Maseta Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Under nutrition has been a major problem in developing countries including Tanzania; hence, contributing to about half of the deaths among young children. Objective: The current study aimed at identifying child feeding practices and determinants of stunting in children under the age of five years in Mvomero District. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 150 mother-child pairs was carried out in Turiani ward, Mvomero district in Morogoro region. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with stunting. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Five focus group discussions comprising 5–9 mothers with children below five years participated in the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from the in-depth interviews. Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in Mvomero district was 16.8, 42.2, and 6.2% respectively. Pre-lacteal feeding was common in the study area (40%). Children were introduced to complementary food too early (˂6 months) with plain maize porridge being the first food introduced. About 57.2% of children were on the lowest tercile (≤3 food groups per day) dietary diversity score. Significant determinants of stunting were the family source of income (AOR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.99–2.3), age of a child (AOR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.03–3.50) and family size (AOR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.61–4.27). Other factors were consumption of animal foods (AOR 5.30, 95% CI: 0.26–0.60) and dietary diversity score (AOR 1.615, 95% CI: 1.014–2.574). Conclusion: Child feeding practices in the study area are sub-optimal. These findings have important implications for interventions to address stunting among children. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-11T07:35:03Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129004
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Authors:Mohammad Hossein Somi, Masood Faghih Dinevari, Ali Taghizadieh, Mojtaba Varshochi, Elham Sadeghi Majd, Samaneh Abbasian, Zeinab Nikniaz Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. IntroductionVitamin A is one of the vitamins that is suggested as adjuvant therapy in viral infections due to its immune enhancing role. In the present clinical trial, we intended to assess the effect of vitamin A supplementation on Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients.MethodsThe present pilot randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Patients in the intervention group received 50000 IU/day intramuscular vitamin A for a maximum of two weeks. Patients in the control group continued their common treatment protocols. All participants were followed up until discharge from the hospital or death. The primary outcome of the study was time to achieve clinical response based on the six classes of an ordinal scale. Time to clinical response was calculated based on the days needed to improve two scores on the scale or patient's discharge.ResultsThe time to clinical response was not significantly different between the two groups (7.23 ± 2.14 vs. 6.75 ± 1.85 days, respectively, p = 0.48). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding clinical response (hazard ratio: 1.76 [95% CI: 0.73, 4.26]). There were no significant differences between groups regarding the need for mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, or death in the hospital.ConclusionThe results of this pilot clinical trial showed no benefit of vitamin A compared with the common treatment on outcome severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Although the results are negative, there is still a great need for future clinical studies to provide a higher level of evidence. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-07T08:23:07Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129144
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Authors:Nasser Shoeibi, Parisa Rajaei, Mohadese Ghobadi, Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini, Mojtaba Abrishami, Mohammad-Reza Ansari-Astaneh, Arash Omidtabrizi, Maryam Kadkhoda, Mehrdad Motamed Shariati Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the acute changes in retinal vasculature following coffee consumption. Methods: This is an interventional case series. The subjects were 22 healthy young adults. They were asked to rest in a silent room for 15 min; then, their heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation pressure were measured with a single patient monitoring system. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) imaging of the disc and macula were performed for both eyes of the subjects. These measurements were repeated 45 min after drinking a cup of 450 ml of coffee containing a standard dose of 130 mg of caffeine. Macular and optic nerve head neurovasculature changes were assessed. Results: The results of our study did not show a significant change in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and neural structural and vascular parameters of the optic nerve head. Although assessments of macular vasculature showed a significant decrement in superficial (p = 0.01) and deep vessel density (p = 0.05) at parafovea, vessel densities (VDs) at the fovea, and deep capillary plexus at perifovea showed no significant change. Conclusion: Consuming one cup of coffee (150 mg caffeine) statistically changes central foveal thickness and parafoveal blood flow but likely does not have a clinical impact in healthy young adults. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-05T06:18:52Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221130424
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Authors:Opeoluwa Oyedele Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundAnaemia is a serious global public health problem with high prevalence (>40%) in children particularly in low- and middle-income countries including Namibia with a current 46.1% prevalence rate.AimThis study was aimed at examining the sociodemographic factors influencing the occurrence of childhood anaemia levels in Namibia.MethodA multivariate ordinal regression model was applied to statistically identify potential sociodemographic factors associated with anaemia levels among children under-5 years old using data collected from the 2013 NDHS.ResultsThe odds of having mild anaemia level was lower for sociodemographic characteristics such as mother's age, total children ever born, health insurance coverage, child's residency, child's age and main language spoken at home. The odds of having moderate anaemia level was higher for characteristics such as mother's age, place of residence, highest education level and child's diarrhoea status, while it was lower for characteristics such as age of head of household, total children ever born, health insurance coverage and sex of child. Similarly, the odds of having severe anaemia level was higher for characteristics such as region, place of residence, highest education level, number of household members, wealth index, health insurance coverage, child's residency and child's diarrhoea status, while it was lower for characteristics such as total children ever born and sex of child.ConclusionIt is therefore recommended that the policies and practices concerning anaemia diagnosis, treatment and prevention in the country be substantially revised by policy-makers, starting with the known prevalent causes and identified sociodemographic factors from this study. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-05T06:17:52Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129695
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Authors:Mubbasher Munir, Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria,
Atif Amin Baig, Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad, Noman Arshed, Reda Alhajj Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Purpose: Recent studies in economics showed that humans are bounded rational. This being consumers, they are not perfect judges of what matters for the standard of living. While with a marked increase in economic and social wellbeing, there is a consistent rise in obesity levels, especially in the developed world. Thus, this study intends to explore the empirical and socio-economic antecedents of human obesity across countries using six global indexes. Methods: This study used the data of 40 countries between 1975 to 2018 and used the Panel FGLS Regression with the quadratic specification. Findings: The results showed that health and food indicators increase global human obesity, environment and education indicators decrease global human obesity, and economic and social indicators follow an inverted U-shaped pattern in affecting global human obesity. Originality: Previous studies have used infant mortality and life expectancy as the major health indicator in determining the standard of living while overlooking global human obesity as a major deterrent to welfare. This study has provided a holistic assessment of the causes of obesity in global contexts. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-10-05T06:17:33Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129142
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Authors:Genya Okada, Ryota Mabuchi, Chisako Kambara, Shota Tanimoto, Tamotsu Fujii Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background & Aims: University students are prone to changes in their health status and lifestyle due to changes in their living environment and associated stress and anxiety. These changes may affect them in later life. This study utilized a cross-sectional study among Japanese female university students to examine dietary factors affecting their fecal microbiota. Methods: Sixty-eight healthy female university students were evaluated using an eating behavior assessment and diet history questionnaire. The 12-component Japanese diet index (JDI-12) was then calculated. A quantitative real-time PCR method was used to analyze the predominant bacterial species in the gut, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) at the phylum level was calculated. The partial correlation between the fecal microbiota and eating behavior abnormality score was assessed, and dietary habits associated with the F/B ratio were analyzed. Results: A significant correlation was identified between F/B ratios and the eating behavior abnormality score (r = 0.26, FDR = 0.064). Additionally, multiple regression analysis identified a negative correlation trend between the F/B ratio and JDI-12 score (β = −0.22; p = 0.091), and exploratory analysis found a negative association between the F/B ratio and consumption of beef and pork, one of the less beneficial JDI-12 components (β = −0.33, FDR = 0.120). Conclusion: In healthy female university students, there was a positive correlation between eating behavior abnormality and the F/B ratio, indicating that adherence to the Japanese diet pattern may be associated with a lower F/B ratio. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-30T06:46:49Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129771
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Authors:Maria Mexitalia, Rendy Yoga Ardian, Rina Pratiwi, Binar Panunggal Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Maternal dietary intake during the period of lactation has an impact on infants growth. Macronutrients in breast milk are affected by several factors such as maternal dietary intake and maternal nutritional status. This study aims to prove the association between maternal protein and fat intake with the composition of breast milk and growth of infants (age 0–6 months). Methods: Prospective study was conducted for 6 months in 41 mother-infant pairs who were exclusively breastfed, and visited to hospitals or health centres. The mothers age is Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-27T05:44:36Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129118
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Authors:Marco Machado, Travis D Masterson, Edimar F Oliveira Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Aims: There is evidence that both aging and increased adiposity may impact creatine levels in the brain, and brain creatine levels are important for cognition. The aim of this study was to assess correlation between dietary creatine intake and cognition in in elderly women with overweight. Methods: Twenty seven overweight women over 60 years of age who were part of a larger study participated in an Eriksen Flanker Task (EFT) to asssess cognitive performance. Additionally, diet was assessed over 5 days via daily diary nutritional recalls and the estimate of the daily amount of creatine was calculated. Results: In the EFT when incongruente stimulus were presented there was a significant diferences between those with low and high intake of creatine (−35.3 ± 5.84; p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-27T05:44:26Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127497
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Authors:Christie Jaime, Lalitha Samuel, Joseph Fera, Corey H. Basch Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: For individuals suffering from chronic disease, more than being an information source for health information, social media serves as a dynamic forum for shared goals, emotional and practical support through the sharing of lived experiences. Aim: This study envisaged a content analysis of the 100 most widely-viewed English language videos related to celiac disease posted on TikTok. Methods: TikTok was searched using the hashtag #celiacdisease. This search term was chosen as it represented the broadest summation of the desired topic with the most views (80 million) of any related hashtag. The first 100 English language videos were selected. The video content was analyzed against predetermined descriptive categories, deductively derived content related to facts about celiac disease from a reliable source, and inductive content categories derived during the coding process. Results: The 100 videos included in this study received a total of 44,056,600 likes. The average number of likes across all videos was 440,566 with a standard deviation of 656,642.06. Two of the three categories were present in a majority (>50) of the videos. They were practical information on diet therapy management (n = 63) and challenges in managing celiac disease (n = 73). In both instances, videos featuring this content also garnered a majority of the likes, 74.18% and 82.9% respectively. Independent one-tailed t-tests (α = .05) returned significant results for the diagnosis-related information (p = .0390) and practical information in diet therapy management (p = .0358) categories. On average, videos that included diagnosis-related information received more likes than those that did not: 672,983.33 vs. 340,958.57. Similarly, the average number of likes was significantly higher for videos that included practical information on diet therapy management (518,715.87) vs. those that did not (307,500). Conclusions: This study further confirms the growing trend of people using social media to discuss health issues in a way that is free and easily accessible among communities with shared experiences. The long-term effects of using personal narratives as credible sources of behavioral change for health, medical, or professional resources can be further investigated. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-23T11:04:16Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127505
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Authors:Atefeh Seifollahi, Lilit Sardari, Habib Yarizadeh, Atieh Mirzababaei, Farideh Shiraseb, Cain CT Clark, Khadijeh Mirzaei Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThe effect of dietary patterns on sleep disorders and mental illness has previously been investigated. However, these studies have reported contradictory findings, and thus, the present study aimed to assess the association of the MIND diet on the sleep pattern and mental health in obese women.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study in which 282 women, aged 18–56 years with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.with no underlying diseases and malignancies, and participated. We used a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to collect participant's dietary intake. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) were used to measure the status of sleep disturbance and psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress respectively.ResultsA decreasing trend for psychological stress was observed in the highest quartiles of MIND diet score vs. the lowest quartiles (OR = 0.6 CI: 0.23–1.5 vs. 1.16 CI: 0.55–2.47). No significant difference was observed between severity of depression (OR = 0.87 95%, CI: 0.7–1.09, P = 0.23), anxiety (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.81–1.27, P = 0.86), stress (OR = 0.99 95%, CI: 0.79–1.23, P = 0.92), and MIND diet adherence in the crude and adjusted models.ConclusionThe main finding from this study was that there is no significant association between adherence to the MIND diet and studied psychological disorders. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-22T04:53:55Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127461
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Authors:Isabele Góes Nobre, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Tafnes Laís Pereira Santos de Almeida Oliveira, Isabella da Costa Ribeiro, Ravi Marinho dos Santos, Camilla Peixoto Santos Rodrigues, Marcos André Moura-dos-Santos, Julie-Anne Nazare, Luciano Pirola, Carol Gois Leandro Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. The relationship between body weight gain and the onset of obesity is linked to environmental and behavioral factors, and may be dependent on biological predisposing. Artificial neural networks are useful predictive tools in the field of artificial intelligence, and can be used to identify risk factors related to obesity. The aim of this study is to establish, based on artificial neural networks, a predictive model for overweight/obesity in children based on the recognition and selection of patterns associated with birth weight, gestational age, height deficit, food consumption, and the physical activity level, TV time and family context. Sample consisted of 149 children (72 = eutrophic and 77 = overweight/obese). Collected data consisted of anthropometry and demographic characteristics, gestational age, birth weight, food consumption, physical activity level, TV time and family context. The gestational age, daily caloric intake and birth weight were the main determinants of the later appearance of overweight and obesity. In addition, the family context linked to socioeconomic factors, such as the number of residents in the household, had a great impact on excess weight. The physical activity level was the least important variable. Modifiable risk factors, such as the inadequate food consumption, and non-modifiable factors such as gestational age were the main determinants for overweight/obesity in children. Our data indicate that, combating excess weight should also be carried out from a social and preventive perspective during critical periods of development, such as pregnancy, lactation and early childhood, to reach a more effective strategy to combat obesity and its complications in childhood and adult life. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-17T05:01:07Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124040
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Authors:Vanessa L. P. de Oliveira, Mauren M. de Freitas,
Tatiana P. de Paula, Mayara L. Gubert, Maria E. P. Miller, Renata A. Schuchmann, Karen L. A. Souza, Luciana V. Viana Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background and AimsTo evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification by adopting a DASH diet, with and without physical activity guidance, on blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, weight, and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension.Methods and ResultsFor this randomized clinical trial, we recruited patients aged 60 years or older with T2DM and uncontrolled hypertension. One group (DASH) received only DASH dietary guidance, while the other group (DASHPED) received dietary guidance and encouragement to walk with a pedometer. Outcomes of interest were (1) blood pressure, (2) physical activity, (3) weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition, and (4) biochemical variables. Measurements were taken at baseline and 16 weeks after the intervention. We included 35 patients in the analysis. At the end of the study, the DASHPED group had an mean increase in physical activity of 1721 steps/day. Both groups displayed significantly reduced weight, BMI, and waking diastolic pressures on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after the intervention. A trend of reduced sleeping diastolic pressure was found in the DASHPED group. Changes in weight, BMI, muscle mass, body fat, waist-hip ratio, glycemic control, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity did not differ between the groups.ConclusionThere was no difference in outcomes between the group that only dieted and the group that also performed increased physical activity, despite a significant increase in exercise. This reinforces the importance of dietary changes in immediate blood pressure control. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-17T04:30:18Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124201
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Authors:Mubbasher Munir, Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria, Reda Alhajj, Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad,
Atif Amin Baig, Noman Arshed Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Purpose - Political globalization is a crucial and distinct component of strengthening global organizations. Obesity is a global epidemic in a few nations, and it is on the verge of becoming a pandemic that would bring plenty of diseases. This research aims to see how the political globalization index affects worldwide human obesity concerning global human development levels. Methods- To assess any cross-sectional dependence among observed 109 nations, the yearly period from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed using second generation panel data methods. KAO panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Least Square model were used to meet our objectives. Finding- Low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity because countries cannot sway international decisions and resources towards them. While the high level of political globalization tends to reduce obesity because it can control and amends international decisions. For the regression model, a fully modified Least Square model was utilized. The study observed that the R squared values for all models are healthy, with a minimum of 87 percent variables explaining differences in global obesity at the country level. Originality: There is very important to tackle the globalization issue to reduce global human obesity. With the simplicity of dietary options and the amount of physical labour they undergo in their agricultural duties, an increase in rural population percentage tends to lower the average national obesity value. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-14T05:08:08Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221125146
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Authors:Mozhgan Khatamnejad, Masoumeh Akhlaghi Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundParents play a key role in constructing children’ behaviours. We studies maternal-child overweight relationship and compared maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours between groups of normal-weight and overweight children.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 girls aged 10–13 years and their mothers. They were divided to two groups of overweight (n = 94) and normal-weight (n = 98) children. Anthropometric characteristics were measured for children and mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between child overweight and tertiles of maternal body mass index (BMI). Maternal perception of child's weight status and her engagement in promoting child's healthy behaviours was assessed.ResultsBMI and waist circumference was significantly higher in children (P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-08T04:51:42Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124734
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Authors:Hina Kamal, Sabika Jafar, Priti Mudgil, Marwa Hamdi, Mohammed Akli Ayoub, Sajid Maqsood Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Whey proteins and their peptide derivatives have attracted a great attention of researchers in the pharmaceutical and nutritional fields, due to their numerous bio-functionalities. Aim: In the present research study, enzymatic protein hydrolysates (CWPHs) from camel whey proteins (CWPs) were produced and investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. Methods: Herein, Pepsin (gastric), and Trypsin and Chymotrypsin (pancreatic) enzymes were used to produce CWPHs. The obtained hydrolysates were characterize to ascertain the level of protein degradation and studies on their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential were conducted. Results: Among all CWPHs, a complete degradation of all different protein bands was perceived with Chymotrypsin-derived CWPHs, whereas, light bands of serum albumin and α-lactalbumin were observed with Trypsin and Pepsin-derived CWPHs. After enzymatic degradation, both CWPHs antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were improved. Chymotrypsin-derived CWPHs demonstrated higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, anent the increase in proteolysis time. Compared to unhydrolyzed CWPs, higher metal chelating activities were displayed by Trypsin-derived CWPHs. No significant increase in the FRAP activities was noticed after CWPs hydrolysis using Trypsin and Chymotrypsin, while Pepsin-derived CWPHs showed higher reducing power. In terms of antimicrobial activity, significantly higher bacterial growth inhibition rates were exhibited by CWPHs compared to the unhydrolyzed CWP. Conclusion: Overall, CWPHs displayed enhanced antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-06T07:06:50Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122213
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Authors:Oluwafolahan O. Sholeye, Kolawole J. Sodeinde, Victor J. Animasahun, Margaret Ojeahere, Abiola A. Gbadebo Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The burden of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa is enormous. A higher proportion of the population suffer the consequences of food insecurity, hunger and undernourishment than previously assumed. Food insecurity among adolescents has been documented to be associated with malnutrition, poor health outcomes, low educational attainment and other negative consequences. Aim: This study therefore assessed food insecurity and its associated factors among adolescents in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1300 in-school adolescents in Sagamu Township, Ogun State in southwestern Nigeria, selected via multi-stage sampling. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS 20.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, with p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-05T06:21:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221123183
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Authors:Kikue Mori, Shin-ichi Katsumata, Katsuhiro Miyajima, Kinuko Uno, Hiroshi Matsuzaki Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Excessive consumption of phosphorus (P) impairs renal tubule function; however, the effects of different dietary phosphate salts on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. Aim: To examine the effects of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and potassium tripolyphosphate (K5P3O10) and P concentration on renal function in a rat model of early CKD. Methods: Male sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing KH2PO4 with a normal P level. Kidney injury was induced by unilateral nephrectomy (UNx), and the rats were divided into four groups fed dietary KH2PO4 or K5P3O10 with a normal (UNx-NKH, UNx-NKP) or high (UNx-HKH, UNx-HKP) P concentration, respectively, for 21 days. Results: UNx-NKH rats showed significantly lower creatinine clearance (CCr) and higher albumin (ALB) compared with those of sham rats, confirming UNx-induced kidney injury. The urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and ALB were significantly higher in UNx-HKP rats than in UNx-HKH rats. However, other markers of renal tubule function, such as CCr, serum creatinine (CRE), calcium (Ca), and hormones, only differed among groups according to the P concentration and not the dietary phosphate salt form. Histological examination showed higher incidence and severity of tubulointerstitial lesions, tubule regeneration, tubule dilation, and calcification in the high-phosphorus than in the normal-phosphorus UNx groups. These changes were more severe in the UNx-HKP group compared with the UNx-HKH group. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of controlling dietary P intake in terms of both concentration and source to prevent the progression of CKD. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-30T06:54:00Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122223
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Authors:Jaineet Singh Chhabra, Amandeep Juneja, Yana Etkin, Gregg Landis, Hannah Gardener, Melissa Garuthara, Tabea Hoffstaetter, Alisha Oropallo Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: An estimated 33% reduction in cardiovascular events can be achieved when incorporating whole grains, fruits, vegetables, poultry, nuts, and vegetable oils in the diet along with reduced consumption of refined carbohydrates, processed meats, and sugar sweetened beverages. We performed a systematic review to analyze the impact of nutritional intervention on stroke risk, as there is no current consensus concerning dietary recommendation for primary and secondary stroke prevention. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database from January 2010 to June 2020 was performed using combinations of the following search terms: carotid disease, carotid artery disease, carotid stenosis, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), diet, nutrition, micronutrition, embolic stroke, and stroke. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 checklist. Results: 28 studies met our inclusion criteria. Multiple studies showed an inverse relationship between consumption of vegetables and fruits and stroke risk. Vitamin B12 or a combination of B Vitamins was the most common supplement studied in stroke prevention. Only one RCT showed the use of B12 (500 micrograms/day) correlated with lower CIMT at follow up in healthy vegetarians. Discussion: The key findings from this systematic review indicate that adopting a diet rich in fruits and vegetables earlier in life may lower stroke risk compared with meats and fat intake. B vitamins also appear to confer some protection against stroke. However, not enough data exists to support the use of multivitamins, calcium, soy products and other supplements for primary or secondary stroke prevention. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-30T03:13:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122218
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Authors:Hwee Shan Wong, Janice Ee Fang Tay, Satvinder Kaur,
Wan Ying Gan, Nik Norasma Che’Ya, Choon Hui Tan, Serene En Hui Tung Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Anaemia has been identified as a major public health problem that affects both developed and developing countries, including Malaysia. To prevent anaemia, knowledge is a key parameter for changing attitudes and practices. Aim: This present study aims to determine the association of knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia with anaemia status of urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 209 urban poor adolescents (50.7% males and 49.3% females) aged 10 to 17 years old were recruited from eight low-cost flats (People Housing Programme) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and practices in preventing nutritional anaemia. Anaemia status from the haemoglobin level concentration was determined using HemoCue® 201 + hemoglobinometer. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among urban poor adolescents was 58.4%, particularly prevalent among females (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-29T06:49:47Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122182
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Authors:Rashmi Chandra, Sushant Singh, Chaiti Ganguly Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundRecently thyroid hormone studies on brain growth, development and activity are regaining popularity. Thyroid hormones have long been believed to play critical role in mammalian brain growth and maturation regulating facets of neuronal cell growth, proliferation and differentiation and further signaling and glial cell differentiation. Deficiency of these hormones in mother leads to mental retardation in the subsequent offspring's.MethodsIn this presented study, brain development of iodine deficient rat models created through deficiency in feeding, mating and further selection. Young adult female wistar rats were induced with iodine deficiency and then mated with healthy male rats. These pregnant hypothyroid induced females were treated with β-sitosterol (150 mg/kg/day) and quercetin (150 mg/kg/day) alone and in combination for whole gestation period. Analysis were dealt with the genetic and histological studies of the pups brain. PCR based RNA analysis was also carried out. Histology was done using eosin and hematoxylin.ResultsPositive impacts of the β-sitosterol and quercetin on the iodine deficient brain were observed upon histological and PCR analysis. Altogether, the analysis proves that combined doses of β-sitosterol and quercetin for normal brain development in iodine deficient infants hence can be potentially applied as therapeutics in iodine deficiency circumstances. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-26T06:35:34Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122209
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Authors:Reham Shawky Metwally, Ahmed Amr Abdullah, Welayah A AlAmmar, Tunny Sebastian Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundAlexithymia is characterized by difficulties in describing feelings and physical sensations. Few studies have shown that there is a relation between alexithymia and dietary habits.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its association with dietary patterns among a sample of communities in the Eastern Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 247 participants, were selected using convenience sampling. A well-organized and valid online questionnaire was administered, which covered variables related to socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, dietary patterns, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS).ResultsThe prevalence of Alexithymia was found as 39.3%. Moreover, among the alexithymia and possible alexithymia groups, the majority eat pasta 1–4 times per week (70% and 67% respectively). Alexithemic participants eat fewer vegetables and fruits 46%), while the remaining eat more (70%), p = .001. Only 34% of the cases eat breakfast regularly (p = .005). Furthermore, the cases drink soft drinks and juices at meals more than controls in this study (p = .025).ConclusionThe present study provides further experimental evidence which supports existing literature that indicating the strong association between alexithymia and unhealthy dietary patterns. Also, Alexithymia prevalence in our study is (39.3%) ; because of the cultural impact of the Saudi environment due to the fact that the face of Saudi women is not revealed, and because the face is one of the main sources of expression of feelings, which makes females unable to express or read feelings well. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-18T06:30:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221115508
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Authors:Elisa Pineda, María I. Ortega-Vélez,
Martin Preciado-Rodríguez, Socorro Saucedo-Tamayo, Graciela Caire-Juvera Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Nutrition has an important influence on the risk of developing breast cancer (BC). Dietary patterns can capture the complex interplay of nutrients and cooking methods can contribute to the presence of heterocyclic amines, which are potent mammary carcinogens. Research on dietary patterns, cooking methods, and their association with BC in Mexican women is scarce. Aim: To evaluate the association of dietary patterns and cooking methods with BC risk among women from the Northwest region of Mexico. Methods: This case-control study included 120 women. Eligible cases (n = 60) were diagnosed and biopsy-confirmed in the past 2 years. Control subjects (n = 60) were hospital and population-based. Dietary intake and cooking methods were respectively assessed through a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the National Cancer Institute survey. We obtained dietary patterns from a K-means cluster analysis (CA), and multivariate logistic regression tested the association of dietary patterns and cooking methods with BC risk. Results: Prudent and caloric dietary patterns were identified. The caloric pattern was associated with BC risk (Model 1: ORadj: 5.07, 95%CI:1.44–17.84, p = 0.011; Model 2: ORadj: 4.99 (95%CI:1.39–17.92, p = 0.014). Intense frying, meat grilling and poultry resulted in a significant BC risk (Model 1: ORadj: 5.54,95%CI: 2.13–14.41), p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-16T05:19:40Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221119260
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Authors:Ana Catarina Vaz Pinheiro de Furtado Faria, Diogo Vicente Martinho, Bruno Rafael Ribeiro Abreu, Bruno Rafael Costa Franco, Lara Alexandre Moreira Carrilho, Madalena Carraça Azaruja, Pedro Miguel Tavares Mendes, Mariana Duarte Simões Serra, João Alexandre Teixeira Lemos, João Paulo de Figueiredo Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Skinfold callipers are often used in clinical practice to estimate subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness. Recently, LipoTool emerged as a potential digital system to measure skinfolds, however comparisons with competing equipment are lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to test the agreement between two competing skinfold callipers (digital and mechanical). Methods: The sample included 22 healthy male adult participants. A certified observer measured eight skinfolds twice using different skinfold callipers (digital and mechanical). Differences between equipment were tested using Wilcoxon signed rank test The distribution of error was examined using the normality test Results: Differences between skinfold callipers were significantly in five skinfolds: triceps (Z = -3.546; P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-16T05:19:20Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221119247
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Authors:Vaia D. Raikou Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. We commented the recently reported insights about the equivocal role of protein intake in the progression of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity.Summary statementIt has been suggested that the lowering of dietary protein reduces the progression of CKD, despite it has been also reported that higher intake of total protein was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular morbidity.The role of protein intake is equivocal in clinical outcomes including the renal and cardiovascular disease worsening, metabolic acidosis and bone abnormalities.The modification of both amount and sources of protein intake could influence the renal and cardiovascular deterioration. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-10T06:40:03Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221118897
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Authors:Smith G Nkhata, Gracian Chibwana Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Management of diabetes demands reduction of carbohydrates and moderation of total calories, fats and protein to promote weight loss while controlling postprandial blood glucose. Hospitals prescribe menus to diabetic patients to achieve these reasons. Whether these menus provide meals that help improve diabetes outcome remains unknown. Aim: Therefore, this study assessed six menus from six different referral hospitals in Malawi. Method: We formulated three separate diets (n = 3) encompassing breakfast, 10 am snack, lunch, 3 pm snack and super that a diabetic person would consume in a day as prescribed by each menu. We developed nutritionally adequate meals based on foods listed on the menu. We calculated, using the Malawi Food Composition Table (MFCT), total available carbohydrates, energy, protein, total fats, SAFA, MUFA and PUFA that each diet provides. We averaged the nutrient content from the three diets. Results: Menus from QECH and ST Joseph Mission Hospital provide significantly higher total carbohydrates (p = 0.001), total energy (p = 0.000) and fats (p = 0.01) but contain similar proteins (p = 0.761). The proportion of energy from carbohydrates for all the menus is very high and ranges from 68–81% while protein and fat proportions are lower and range from 7–16% and 7–20%, respectively. Conclusion: These menus have high propensity to increase postprandial blood glucose and promote weight gain that could be harmful to a diabetic person. All the menus deviate from a somehow recommended energy contribution of approximately 50:25:25 from carbohydrates, fat and protein, respectively. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-08T07:14:36Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221119248
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Authors:Maurya Sharma, Pratyusha Vavilala, Archita Singh, Renu Baweja Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The diet is a major factor affecting the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual. BMI has long been the standard for measuring health and its normal range (18.5–24.9, according to the World Health Organization) is considered to be crucial for maintenance of proper health and to prevent various lifestyle disorders which are considered to have either direct or indirect effects on physical and mental well-being of our youth. Aim: To investigate the correlation between diet patterns and BMI, overall stamina and fatigue levels in the youth population residing in Delhi-NCR region of India. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a carefully designed Google form and the respondents were asked to give details about the basic health parameters and dietary lifestyle. Results: 67% of the respondents who consumed milk were found to have an ideal BMI. 64% of the respondents who consumed mustard oil as their predominant dietary fat showed normal BMI and more than 80% showed lower fatigue levels. Conclusion: Milk and mustard oil consumption is important for maintenance of an ideal BMI. Awareness should be created in the youth to have them as part of their daily diet. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-01T07:54:50Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221116198
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Authors:Madeleine Randell, Mu Li, Cut Novianti Rachmi, Hafizah Jusril, Olivia Fox, Lindawati Wibowo, Jee Hyun Rah, Paul Pronyk, Marcus Harmiko, Natassya Phebe, Aripin Ahmad, Iwan Ariawan, Joel Negin, Camille Reynes-Greenow Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Child anaemia continues to represent a major public health challenge in lower-and-middle income countries. It has serious long-term consequences for child growth and development. In Indonesia, there was a 10% increase in the national prevalence of child anaemia between 2013 and 2018. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with anaemia among children aged one to three years in eight districts in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1148 mother-child dyads aged one to three years between November and December 2018. The sampling process involved a three-stage cluster sampling design using the probability proportionate to size methodology. Anaemia status was determined using haemoglobin level (Hb Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-25T11:51:43Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221116195
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Authors:Heather F. McClintock, Brittany E. Imel Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundMedication restricting behaviours are common among persons with diabetes increasing risk for poor health outcomes. Persons with diabetes are more likely to experience food insecurity than persons without diabetes.AimThis study aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity and medication restricting behaviour among persons with diabetes in the United States.MethodsData from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data conducted in the United States was used for this analysis. Medication restricting behaviour was assessed by questions asking whether four restricting behaviours were present (skipped medication, took less medication, delayed filling a prescription and/or took less medication due to cost). Food insecurity status was obtained through a 10-item scale and participants were categorized as either food secure, low food security, or very low food security. Poisson regression evaluated the relationship between medication restricting behaviour and food insecurity controlling for confounders.ResultsParticipants with very low food security had a significantly higher mean number of medication restricting behaviours than participants who were food secure (adjusted mean ratio (AMR) = 4.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (3.09, 5.21)). Similarly, participants with low food security had a significantly higher mean ratio than participants who were food secure (AMR = 3.76; 95% CI = (2.86. 4.94).ConclusionPersons with diabetes who have low or very low food security are at an increased risk for engaging in medication restricting behaviours. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-25T11:51:24Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221115588
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Authors:Ruopeng An, Joshua Perez-Cruet, Junjie Wang Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundNuts are nutrient-dense foods that contribute to healthier eating. Food image datasets enable artificial intelligence (AI) powered diet-tracking apps to help people monitor daily eating patterns.AimThis study aimed to create an image dataset of commonly consumed nut types and use it to build an AI computer vision model to automate nut type classification tasks.MethodsiPhone 11 was used to take photos of 11 nut types—almond, brazil nut, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut. The dataset contains 2200 images, 200 per nut type. The dataset was randomly split into the training (60% or 1320 images), validation (20% or 440 images), and test sets (20% or 440 images). A neural network model was constructed and trained using transfer learning and other computer vision techniques—data augmentation, mixup, normalization, label smoothing, and learning rate optimization.ResultsThe trained neural network model correctly predicted 338 out of 440 images (40 per nut type) in the validation set, achieving 99.55% accuracy. Moreover, the model classified the 440 images in the test set with 100% accuracy.ConclusionThis study built a nut image dataset and used it to train a neural network model to classify images by nut type. The model achieved near-perfect accuracy on the validation and test sets, demonstrating the feasibility of automating nut type classification using smartphone photos. Being made open-source, the dataset and model can assist the development of diet-tracking apps that facilitate users’ adoption and adherence to a healthy diet. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-21T10:35:21Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221113928
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Authors:Farzaneh Jahangir, Elnaz Daneshzad, Maedeh Moradi, Mohammad Reza Maraci, Pamela J Surkan, Leila Azadbakht Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. ObjectiveBreastmilk is considered an optimal food for infant development especially during the first 6 months of life. However, little evidence exists regarding maternal dietary intake and infant growth. We evaluated how adherence to the DASH diet in lactating women is associated with the infant weight, height and head circumference at birth, 2 and 4 months of age.Study designA cross-sectional study.MethodsThe present study was conducted with 292 lactating mothers and their infants. A validated and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess mothers’ dietary intakes. To evaluate adherence to the DASH diet among lactating mothers, we scored food items based on the Fung method.ResultLactating mothers in the highest tertile of adherence to the DASH diet consumed significantly lower amounts of fat, cholesterol, salt, red and process meats and higher amounts of vitamin C, B1, B9, whole grains, low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables and dietary fiber compared to lactating mothers in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between mothers’ adherence to the DASH dietary pattern and any of the infant growth indices (P > 0.05).ConclusionLactating mothers’ adherence to the DASH diet was not associated with growth indices among exclusively breastfed infants. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-21T10:34:57Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221114711
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Authors:Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan, Sahar Masoudi, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Hossein Poustchi, Azita Hekmatdoost, Akram Pourshams Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background & AimsHigh mortality rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) as one of the most common cancers worldwide made it a center of attention for recent researches on its pathology, etiology, screening and early diagnosis. In previous researches, association of dietary intake and plasma levels of fatty acids with risk of pancreatic cancer was investigated. In this study we aimed to evaluate the correlation between dietary and plasma fatty acids in case and control groups.MethodsFrom 50,045 adults between 40–75 years old participated in Golestan cohort study, fifty incident cases of PC were diagnosed and 150 controls matched by age, sex and residence place were randomly selected. Dietary intakes and plasma levels of fatty acids was evaluated by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), respectively. Then, Spearman's correlation was used to measure the correlation between dietary and plasma levels of fatty acids in case and control groups.ResultsAmong all the fatty acids, there was a significant association between plasma and dietary intake of a few fatty acids including trans fatty acids (TFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 22:6n-3 and 14:0 only in control group. Only total PUFA intake modified plasma level of some fatty acids in case group. There was no difference between association of desaturase enzymes and fatty acids in case and controls.ConclusionsSince, plasma levels of fatty acids might be influenced by recent diet, we did not find any specific differences between the associations of plasma levels of fatty acids with dietary intake of fats in case and control groups. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-21T04:52:14Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221114712
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Authors:Josephine Gaupholm, Andrew Papadopoulos, Aiza Asif, Warren Dodd, Matthew Little Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Food environments are crucial spaces within the food system for understanding and addressing many of the shared drivers of malnutrition. In recent years, food environment research has grown rapidly, however, definitions, measures, and methods remain highly inconsistent, leading to a body of literature that is notably heterogeneous and poorly understood, particularly within regions of the Asia-Pacific. Aim: This scoping review aims to synthesize the nature, extent, and range of published literature surrounding the role of the food environment on influencing dietary behaviour and nutrition in Southeast Asia. Methods: A systematic search of 5 databases was conducted following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Eligible studies included peer-reviewed research with adult participants living in Southeast Asia that examined the food environment as a determinant of dietary behaviour or nutrition. Results: A total of 45 articles were included. Overall, studies indicated that dietary behaviours in Southeast Asia were primarily driven by social, cultural, and economic factors rather than physical (e.g. geographical) features of food environments. Food price and affordability were most consistently identified as key barriers to achieving healthy diets. Conclusion: This work contributes to the establishment of more robust conceptualizations of food environments within diverse settings which may aid future policymakers and researchers identify and address the barriers or obstacles impacting nutrition and food security in their communities. Further research is needed to strengthen this knowledge, particularly research that explicitly explores the macro-level mechanisms and pathways that influence diet and nutrition outcomes. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-19T06:30:39Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221112810
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Authors:Venera Akhmetova, Yuriy Balji, Yelena Kandalina, Ainara Iskineyeva, Akmaral Mukhamejanova, Akmaral Baspakova, Yassin Uzakov, Kuralay Issayeva, Galia Zamaratskaia Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Meat and dairy products are important ingredients in Kazakhstan, although there are indications that high consumption of red and processed meat is associated with a risk of several non-communicable diseases and has an adverse impact on the environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of young adults in Kazakhstan, particularly meat and fish consumption frequency among university students in five regions of Kazakhstan. Methods: The assessment of meat and fish consumption was based on the food frequency questionnaire. Region of residence, age, sex, weight, height and parental education were also self-reported. Results: Meat consumption among the participants was lower than recommended consumption of 1500 g per week in Kazakhstan but almost two-fold higher than the World Cancer Research Fund recommendations of 500 g per week. Approximately 24% of the participants reported to consume meat every day. Only 8.6% of the participants reported fish consumption in line with the recommendation of approximately 270 g per week in Kazakhstan. Meat and fish consumption was fairly homogeneous across regions and sex. Conclusion: The results from this study contribute to the relatively limited information on meat and fish consumption in Kazakhstan. Further knowledge on dietary habits and probably improved nutrition recommendations on meat consumption in Kazakhstan are needed to protect public health and the environment. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-14T06:11:25Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221114230
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Authors:Lucy R. Boxall, Emily Arden-Close, Janet James, Katherine M. Appleton Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundDietary guidelines are intended to inform and aid the general public, with the aim of improving healthy diets and reducing health risk. The effectiveness of these guidelines, however, is rarely investigated.AimThis work investigates the effects of three different types of dietary recommendations for reducing free sugars, on free sugar intakes over 12 weeks. Secondary aims will also investigate how these different recommendations affect secondary outcomes, outcomes in subsets of the trial population, and identify barriers and facilitators to dietary change.MethodsUsing a randomised controlled parallel-group trial with three intervention and one control arms, 240 individuals consuming>5% total energy intake from free sugars will be randomized to receive: nutrient-based, nutrient- and food-based, nutrient-, food- and food-substitution-based recommendations or no recommendations, with outcomes assessed for the following 12 weeks. Our primary outcomes are free sugar intakes and adherence to the recommendations. Secondary outcomes are daily energy intake, dietary composition, anthropometry, sweet food perceptions and preferences, sweet food choice, attitudes towards sweet foods, eating behaviour and food choice, knowledge and lifestyle variables, quality of life, adverse events, and barriers and facilitators towards intervention adherence.ResultsData will contribute to three distinct analyses: 1) Analyses to investigate the effects of the three different dietary recommendations versus control; 2) Analyses of the effects of the dietary recommendations in different population subgroups, and 3) Investigation of the barriers and facilitators to success.ConclusionThis work offers new perspectives on the effects of different dietary recommendations to enact behaviour change. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-12T09:42:04Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221111234
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Authors:John K Sadeghi, Rusell J Hollis, Jane E Cerise, Leo T Li, Matthew Cal, Vihas M Patel, Gene F Coppa, Rafael Barrera Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThe timing, route, and amount of nutrition for surgical patients with substantial caloric deficits remain active areas of study. Current guidelines are based on in-hospital days NPO after admission to the hospital. This historic process neglects the multiple days of caloric deficit patients experience prior to hospital admission.AimTo determine the impact of pre-hospital caloric deficit (PHCD) for surgical patients on their outcomes.Methods313 patients admitted with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction, pancreatitis, or diverticulitis were analyzed for their PHCD's. PHCD's were estimated using patient-reported days with significant emesis, and absent oral intake. Patients with PHCD's were compared to patients with no PHCD for length of stay, status on discharge, disposition, and 30-day readmission rate.ResultsThere were 313 patients and 42% of the patients were male. The median age was 65 years. Median number of days sick prior to hospital admission was 1 (IQR: 1 to 2). Median PHCD was 1882 kcal (IQR: 1355 to 3650). Median number of days NPO while in-hospital was 3 (IQR: 2 to 5). Median in-hospital caloric deficit was 4268 kcal (IQR: 2825 to 6610). No significant association was observed between discharge disposition, complication rate, ambulatory status, 30-day readmission rate and PHCD. In-hospital caloric deficit was associated with complications after surgery (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-12T07:08:13Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221113409
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Authors:Katriina Malkki-Keinänen, Maria Lankinen, Leila Karhunen, Ursula Schwab Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundDeeper comprehension of eating-related behaviour (how and why people eat) can reveal new aspects to support health and prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, such research is largely missing in aging men.AimThe aim was to investigate suitability of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) in Finnish aging men which is widely used to examine factors: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE).MethodsStudy population consisted of 420 men aged 50–75, who completed the TFEQ-R18 at the baseline of the T2D-GENE lifestyle intervention study. Inclusion criteria were impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to study psychometrics (reliability, validity, and model fit) and factor structure of TFEQ-R18.ResultsThe items loaded to the three factors (CR, UE, EE) as in previous studies, except two items at CR factor and one at UE factor, which were therefore omitted. UE was also discovered split into two sub factors (named as ‘craving’ and ‘loss-of-control’), UE being a higher-order (h) factor. The resultant revised version was named as Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised to 15-items with higher-order factor (TFEQ-R15h).ConclusionThe original 18-item version of the TFEQ was not optimal in the population consisting of Finnish aging men with elevated T2D risk. A modified 15-item version of the TFEQ could be used to describe EB in this population instead. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-11T03:38:27Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221112178
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Authors:Maryam E Al-Adwi, Zinab M Al-Haswsa, Karmen M Alhmmadi, Yasmin A Eissa, Aya Hamdan, Hiba Bawadi, Reema F Tayyem Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases, and the incidence is gradually increasing. Diet management could improve the elevated HbA1c levels. Aim: This review aims to examine the effects of different types of diets on glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched. Reports published from the years 1991 to 2021 that focused on the effect of different diets on diabetes control were selected. Results: All the studies reported that the type of diet can affect insulin secretion and glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The recommended macronutrient distribution for patients with diabetes is 30% of fat, 45–60% of carbohydrates, and 15–35% of protein. Consuming more or less of these macronutrients may lead to changes in glucose metabolism and may affect insulin secretion. In fact, following alow-fat diet improves glycemic control and decreases HbA1c levels. Studies reported that a low-carbohydrate diet had the greatest effect on improving glycemic control and insulin parameters. A low-calorie diet reduced fasting plasma glucose, while a very low-calorie diet resulted in a long-term decrease in HbA1c level. A healthy diet free of processed foods and sugar, and rich in nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, and minerals contributed to maintaining controlled blood sugar and lipid plasma levels. Although studies show a low-salt diet improves blood pressure, which is common inT2DM, other findings show that restricting salt intake is associated with increased sugar consumption. Conclusion: Healthy diet with adequate intake of energy and low-fat and low-sugar foods can enhance the glycemic control and reduce T2DM complications. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-07T06:56:01Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221112805
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Authors:Angela R Hillman, Olivia Trickett, Christopher Brodsky, Bryna Chrismas Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Sleep disturbances are linked with cardiovascular and metabolic disease as well as poor body composition. Aim: To investigate the use of tart cherry supplements, which are high in antioxidants and may contain melatonin, on parameters of health such as sleep, body composition, cellular health, and blood pressure (BP). Methods: Forty-four participants had completed sleep record data and were included in this analysis. Participants consumed either two 240 ml bottles per day of Montmorency tart cherry (MTC) juice or placebo or two capsules per day of powdered MTC or placebo for 30 days. Participants tracked their sleep daily via questionnaire and completed body composition and BP assessments at baseline, 14 days, and 30 days after supplementation. Results: There were no significant differences in sleep time or quality between groups, though both increased over 30 days. The capsule groups had significantly lower body mass (BM) 14 days versus baseline for placebo group (p = 0.01, mean difference: 0.70 kg) and at 30 days versus 14 days in MTC group (p = 0.02, mean difference: 0.75 kg). No other differences in body composition or cellular health were found. BP was unaffected by MTC supplementation over 30 days. Despite the potential benefits of antioxidants and melatonin, we did not find improvements in sleep time or quality, cellular health or BP in participants consuming MTC for 30 days, though BM decreased in capsule groups. Conclusion: These results conflict with previous data on MTC and sleep and BP, therefore further investigation is warranted. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-06T01:43:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221111230
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Authors:Hui Jie Wong, Sakinah Harith, Pei Lin Lua, Khairul Azmi Ibrahim Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Stroke survivors are at high risk for recurrent cardiovascular events if no prevention strategies are undertaken. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the fasting serum lipid profiles and lifestyle habits in stroke survivors, and the factors associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in three public hospitals in Malaysia. Stroke survivors' data regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, fasting serum lipid profiles, dietary adherence, and physical activity levels were acquired. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with suboptimal lipid goals. Results: A total of 104 stroke survivors were recruited from patients attending the neurology and rehabilitation departments. Only 22% of the stroke survivors attained the targeted low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L). Meanwhile, more than two thirds of patients achieved the targeted total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Patients with a longer stroke duration (Adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.33, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.09, 10.13, p = 0.034), elevated blood pressure (AOR 4.74, 95% CI: 1.65, 13.62, p = 0.004), chronic kidney disease (AOR 3.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 10.34, p = 0.041), abdominal obesity (AOR 3.14, 95% CI: 1.20, 8.21, p = 0.020), excessive energy intake (AOR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.07, 6.91, p = 0.036), and excessive saturated fatty acids intake (AOR 2.85, 95% CI: 1.02, 7.93, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with suboptimal lipid profiles. Conclusion: The lipid goals attainment was low, particularly the LDL-C levels among Malaysian stroke survivors. Greater efforts are warranted to fully utilise the lipid-lowering therapy and the lifestyle changes in these high-risk patients. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-28T05:31:14Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221097459
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Authors:Çiğdem Bozkır, Sergen Tuğgüm, Nursena Kağan, Beydanur Nizam, Şeref Alpsoy Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Caffeine in the safe dose range has been associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases. There is evidence that caffeine intake has both protective and negative effects on cardiovascular diseases. Aim: This study aimed to investigate caffeine intake in cardiovascular patients. Methods: The study sample was selected from individuals who applied to the Cardiology policlinic of Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Hospital. A questionnaire was applied using face-to-face interview method to determine their demographic information, nutritional status and anthropometric measurements. Moreover, the nutritional status of the participants was determined by the Food Frequency Questionnaire and the type of cardiovascular disease was determined by a physician. The blood parameters of the sample for the last three months were questioned. The sample has been ninety people of whom fifty cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were diagnosed and forty were non-diagnosed (ND). Results: The mean age of individuals (n = 90) was 43.2 ± 14.4. The BMI and waist circumference of the CVDs group were statistically significantly higher than the ND group (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-28T05:31:03Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221105030
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Authors:Corrie Miller, Carol Boushey, Paula Benny, Shani Ma, Joyce Huang, Eunjung Lim, Men-Jean Lee Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: There is limited data on diet quality during pregnancy and its impact on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Aim: Examine the association with diet quality and development of HDP in an Asian and Pacific Islander Cohort Methods: Pregnant women from the 4 largest ethnic groups in Hawai’i were recruited for participation. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire during each trimester. Adherence to three diet quality indices (DQIs) were scored—The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), The Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED), and the Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Mean scores were compared among those who did and did not develop HDP. Logistic Regression models were used to examine the association between diet quality and HDP accounting for confounders (age, parity, obesity, ethnicity, gestational weight gain). Results: Among 55 participants with complete follow-up, there was a high incidence of HDP (23%). There was no significant change of DQIs over time. Non-Hispanic White participants had higher DQIs than Filipinas, Japanese, or Native Hawaiians (not statistically significant). Across gestation, participants who did not have HDP had better diet quality than those who did. Logistic regression showed that HEI and DASH indices are predictive of HDP development, with the high DASH diet score having the greatest reduced odds. Every point higher of DASH diet score portended approximately 30% reduced odds of developing HDP. Conclusions: The DASH diet had the strongest association with reduced odds of HDP, but better diet quality in any of the indices was also predictive. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-27T07:05:08Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221109668
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Authors:Mia R. Gonzalgo, Sirpi Nackeeran, Ali Mouzannar, Ruben Blachman-Braun Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundA plant-based diet (PBD) has been associated with potential health benefits, but factors that may affect access to and consumption of a PBD are not well defined.AimTo determine the association between socioeconomic status and plant-based dietary consumption among participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using data obtained from the NHANES database. The following covariates were assessed: age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol use, history of diabetes, and hypertension. Socioeconomic status was categorized according to poverty-income ratio (PIR). Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate previously validated plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was performed to determine the association between PIR, clinical, demographic, and plant-based diet indices.ResultsA total of 5037 participants were in the final analytic sample. Median age of participants was 51 ± 18.5 years. Overall PDI and hPDI were 50 [46–54] and 52 [47–57], respectively. Median PDI index was significantly different among PIR groups (PDI, p = 0.018; hPDI, p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-22T07:13:02Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221109669
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Authors:Claire Hanika, Nicola Porter, Kate Blick, Jeewaka Mendis Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThe benefits of a healthy lifestyle in reducing risk of cancer and chronic disease are well-documented. Many individuals who have had head and neck cancer (HNC) report complex social situations with a history of poor dietary habits, smoking and alcohol abuse. Survivorship can be a strong motivator to make positive lifestyle changes, reducing risk of cancer recurrence and ill-health. Research investigating whether HNC survivors adopt healthy lifestyle recommendations is lacking.AimTo explore the health-related practices of post-treatment HNC patients, seeking to identify barriers and motivators to following recommended health guidelines.MethodsTape-recorded interviews were conducted with 20 HNC survivors, and comparisons made to Department of Health recommendations.Results80% of participants made lifestyle changes following HNC treatment. The most prevalent changes were to diet and alcohol intake. Key motivators were reducing cancer risk and ill-health; barriers included lack of motivation, support and misinformation. Treatment side-effects presented both motivators and barriers. There was widespread recognition of the “5 a day” message, and harm caused by smoking. Other public health recommendations were less well-known; 98% were unaware of current alcohol guidelines, physical activity was overestimated, and only one participant took vitamin D.ConclusionIn this study HNC survivors were highly motivated to make healthy lifestyle changes. Further work is required to increase awareness of Government guidelines, as health messages are not always reaching the public or are misinterpreted. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-21T05:24:29Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221106624
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Authors:Helen R. Martin, Deborah A. Pufal, John Stephenson Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Unhealthy diets are typical of university students and are often thought to be unrepresentative of the general population. The main aim was to determine the energy and nutrient intakes of a large cohort of undergraduate university students; and to compare to gender-specific dietary reference values (DRVs) and nutrient data from the general population. Methodology: Data was collected from 639 university students aged 18–24 years who completed 4-day diet diaries. The energy and nutrient intake was determined and percentage energy values calculated and compared with dietary reference values (DRVs) and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and Family Food Statistics. Logistic regression methods were used to identify micronutrients functioning as predictors of exceeding DRVs. Results: Energy intakes were lower than the DRV. The percentage total energy values for protein, fat, saturated fat and carbohydrate exceeded DRVs but the percentage energy from alcohol was below the maximum 5%. The DRVs were met for vitamin C, thiamin, and sodium/salt. Iron and calcium intakes were met in males but not in females. Intakes for fibre and vitamin A were below the DRV. Student data was comparable to the NDNS, with the exception of alcohol, fibre, vitamin A, calcium and sodium/salt, which were all lower than the NDNS. Conclusions: This study contradicts the stereotypical assumption that students are following a high energy, fat, saturated fat, total sugars, salt and alcohol diet compared with the general population. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-21T05:24:15Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221096932
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Authors:Rafaela Rosário, Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho, Patrícia Padrão, Oscar Lopes, Pedro Moreira Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Worldwide, fruit and vegetable intake is below recommendations. There is increasing evidence to suggest an association between height and diet. Aim: to analyse the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with attained height in Portuguese adults. Methods: A representative sample of 17 480 Portuguese adults (56.7% women) participated in this cross-sectional study. The survey comprised sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported height and weight. We performed regression models to assess the associations between height and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results: Compared with no intakes, those men with higher fruit and vegetables intake had 0.54 cm (95% CI 0.04; 1.04) greater height. Also, women with higher intakes of vegetables, fruit and vegetables combined were directly associated with a greater height of 0.29 cm (95% CI 0.03; 0.56 in vegetables) and 0.51 cm (95% CI 0.09; 0.93 in fruit and vegetables combined). Conclusion: Greater consumption of fruit and vegetables was directly associated with higher height in adults. From a health promotion perspective, intervention programmes aiming at improving fruit and vegetable intake should be highlighted so that full height potential is achieved. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-15T05:47:33Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221108152
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Authors:Frank S Fan Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The overall prevalence of diabetes in the world has risen substantially in the past several decades, so have complications and mortalities associated with it. Aim: Prevention strategies for diabetes thus become an urgent public health need for reducing the burden of diabetes. Methods: Ractopamine, a β1/2-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been approved for use in finishing swine, cattle, and turkey in countries where meat exporting brings tremendous economic benefits. This leanness enhancer is recently found to be a full agonist at trace amine-associated receptor 1 also. A thorough literature review was performed to assess possible effects of ractopamine on glucose metabolism. Results: Activating β-adrenoceptor could lead to glucose-lowering effects independent of insulin while activation on trace amine-associated receptor 1 induces an incretin-like signaling on insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is hypothesized that long-term consuming meat containing ractopamine might lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-15T05:47:19Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221108146
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Authors:Alex Glover, Helen E. Hayes, He Ni, Vassilios Raikos Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Non-Dairy (ND) food consumption is rapidly increasing in the UK and for many consumers plant-based diets are presumed to be healthier than standard diets. ND alternatives have different nutritional compositions, and their consumption could present challenges on a public-health level. Aim: To compare the price and nutritional composition of dairy and ND milks and cheeses in UK supermarkets. Methods: Macro and micronutrient data was recorded from Alpro's website and the 6 leading UK grocers for their own-label ND milks and cheeses. For missing micronutrient values the McCance & Widdowson's dataset was used. 99 total products were extracted: 57 ND milks, 7 dairy milks, 10 dairy cheeses and 25 ND cheeses. Dairy milk and cheese were used as control against which all ND products were compared. Results: Soya and coconut milks had lower values of carbohydrates, sugars, calcium, iodine, and potassium (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-13T06:37:12Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221105744
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Authors:Hema Matela, Pooja Panchal, Surabhi Singh Yadav, Arti Muley, Srujana Medithi, Kavitha Menon Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The school-based food and nutrition guidelines approach has the potential to combat undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies among children and adolescents and set the foundation for a healthy adult lifestyle. Aim: To critically compare the Nutrition Friendly School Initiative (NFSI) of the World Health Organization (WHO) with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) guidelines to gauge the strengths and limitations. Additionally, to summarize the existing studies on implementing school food and nutrition guidelines. Methods: Policy documents of the above guidelines were critically evaluated, and narrative analysis was conducted. An electronic search was conducted for full-text research articles published in the English language between January 2007 to September 2021 in Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. Results: Upon critical comparison of the three guidelines, it was found that the NFSI and FSSAI guidelines shared similarities in many components and the FSSAI guidelines, if implemented adequately, could improve the school food environment and combat the triple malnutrition burden in India. After screening the articles based on the eligibility criteria, 11 studies were included in the preparation of the review. Studies reported partial or inadequate implementation and poor compliance with the guidelines or approach. A few studies identified barriers to guideline implementation. Conclusion: Implementation of school food and nutrition guidelines could improve the nutritional outcomes in children and adolescents. To sustain the effective implementation, adequate resources and preparedness are essential in low-and middle-income countries, including India. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-13T06:37:05Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221105734
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Authors:Kellie R. Weinhold, Rebecca R. Andridge, Joshua A. Bomser, Geoffrey Y. Sasaki, Richard S. Bruno, Tonya S. Orchard Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundRestricting dietary sugar is a leading recommendation, but limited biomarkers assessing intake exist. Although 24-h urinary sucrose (U-Suc) and urinary fructose (U-Fruc) excretion has been used with mixed success, collection is burdensome.AimThis study aimed to test the sensitivity of an enzymatic assay of U-Suc and U-Fruc to detect changing added sugar intake using low-burden overnight urine samples in 30 postmenopausal women.MethodsWomen consumed usual dietary intake during day 1 and usual intake plus a sugar sweetened beverage during day 2. Weighed, photographed food records assessed intake. Enzymatic assay measured U-Suc and U-Fruc from fasting overnight samples; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validated U-Suc findings.ResultsDietary added sugars increased significantly during day 2 (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-09T03:37:54Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221106819
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Authors:Aline Veroneze de Mello, Flávia Mori Sarti, Regina Mara Fisberg Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Economic dimension comprises important determinants of food choices, particularly income and prices. Aim: Identification of the influence of food prices and diet costs on the consumption of food groups considered protection and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: Food groups classification follows the proposal of “What we eat in America'” from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), adapted to Latin America. Data on food consumption from the Health Survey of Sao Paulo (2003, 2008, and 2015), representative at population level, was used. Log-linear regressions were estimated for food groups, controlling for endogeneity through augmented regression-test Results: Results showed increase in prices per calorie of whole grains and red meat from 2003–2015 and a decrease in prices per calorie of fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, oilseeds and fish/seafood. Food groups had price elasticities between −0.01 and −1.6, i.e., decrease in consumption associated with increase in prices. Results showed statistically significant effects of substitution and complementarity, particularly substitution between sweetened beverages and fruits (2003, β = 0.606; 2008: β = 0.683; 2015, β = 0.848), complementarity between nuts and seeds and whole grains (2003, β = −0.646; 2008, β = −0.647; 2015,β = −0.901), and vegetables and processed meat (2003, β = −1.379; 2015, β = −1.685). Conclusion: Findings of the study represent relevant evidence for design strategies towards the adoption of healthier diets, particularly through subsidies to protection food groups, promoting lower prices and higher diet quality. The evidence may be useful for policymakers and researchers in fields of nutrition and health in diverse countries worldwide, especially due to absence of robust evidence in literature. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-08T06:03:17Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221104579
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Authors:Åsa Sedin, Mona Landin-Olsson, Lieselotte Cloetens Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThe Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) are developed to promote public health and to prevent food-related diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the nutrient intake and adherence to the NNR in a Swedish cohort with abdominal obesity.DesignDietary intake data were collected using 3-day food diaries and anthropometry and clinical chemistry parameters were measured at baseline of a long-term intervention studying weight-loss management.ResultsEighty-seven subjects with abdominal obesity successfully completed a 3-day food diary. Twelve of these subjects were excluded for further analysis due to implausible low-energy reporting. The remaining 75 subjects (76% females) had mean age of 52.3 ± 10.1 years and a mean body mass index of 34.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2. Mean total fat intake (41.2 ± 7.0E%) was exceeded by 56% of the sample size compared to the maximum recommended intake (RI) of 40E%, whereas mean carbohydrate intake (40.4 ± 8.0E%) was lower than the RI (45–60E%). The intake of saturated fatty acids was high compared to the NNR with only 2 women and none of men reported intakes within the RI of Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-03T08:11:21Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221105751
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Authors:Atefeh Kohansal, Ali Zangene, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Hamed Hooshang, Kimia Leilami, Shirin Gerami, Maryam Najafi, Mehran Nouri, Shiva Faghih Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundResults of studies on the effects of plant and animal proteins on lipid profile are controversial. So we aimed to assess the relationship between plant and animal protein intake with lipid profile and novel anthropometric indices in healthy individuals.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 236 participants have selected from Shiraz medical centers (Iran) through random cluster sampling. Food intakes were assessed using a 168-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), buddy roundness index (BRI), and conicity index (CI) were calculated.ResultsIn the crude and fully adjusted models, more consumption of plant proteins was associated with TG levels (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.95; P = 0.03 and OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.03, 5.15; P = 0.04). Also, there was a significant direct association between plant proteins and BRI in the curd model (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.32, 9.54; P = 0.01), and after adjusting for age and energy intake (OR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.21, 9.14; P = 0.01). More consumption of plant proteins was related to higher CI in the crude model (OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.12, 8.31; P = 0.03), but not in the fully adjusted model.ConclusionWe found that a higher intake of plant proteins was associated with a higher TG level, BRI, and CI index. However, more research is needed to confirm these relations and provide the evidence needed to exert these findings into clinical practice. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-03T08:11:12Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221104311
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Authors:Masato Kawabata, Stephen Francis Burns,
Hui-Cheng Choo, Kerry Lee Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundGood nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep are important for promoting health. However, it is not well characterized how these lifestyle behaviours are associated with mood at the start of school days.AimTo identify the weekday health-related behaviours (breakfast intake, physical activity, and sleep) of Singaporean adolescents and explore their associations with mood at the beginning of the school morning.Methods365 adolescents (52.3% boys, 47.7% girls) aged 14–19 years (M = 16.9, SD = 1.3 years) completed a survey set on breakfast habits, physical activity participation, sleep duration, and mood.ResultsMore than one-third (38.6%) of participants never (15.0%) or irregularly (23.6%) consumed breakfast on weekdays. Adolescents consuming breakfast irregularly reported significantly higher negative mood scores than regular breakfast consumers (p = .002; d = .404). Almost two-thirds (64.1%) of adolescents did Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-02T05:29:58Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221105413
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Authors:Nilay Aksoy, Nur Ozturk Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Despite the imperative role of sufficient vitamin intake during pregnancy, not all women are capable of following a balanced diet during these times. As an attempt to resolve the issue of micronutrient deficiencies, many women resort to the use of multivitamins; ones often made for pregnant women. Aim: The review aims to compare the Daily Recommended Dietary Allowance of each vitamin, micronutrient, and macronutrient with the doses available in a sample of products found in the Turkish markets, whether imported or manufactured in Turkey. Methods: The Daily Recommended Dietary Allowance doses were collected from the CDC, WHO, and IOM databases. The doses present in each product were gathered using the database offered by the Turkish pharmacist association “Tebrp” as well as RxMediaPharma. Elevit® and decavit® were selected as they've been approved by the Turkish Ministry of Health, while the other products were randomly chosen using a computer program. Results: Several formulations available in Turkey display higher or lower daily contents of vitamins and minerals than is normally ideal for pregnant women as specified by the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Formulations that exceed the recommended RDA while remaining underneath the tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) range for specific vitamins includes Pregnacare®, Decavit®, and Elevit®. Conclusion: All of these variances in multivitamin content must be considered by physicians and clinical pharmacists when selecting the appropriate multivitamin for pregnant women, taking into account all of the hazards and benefits that vitamin supplements may bring to fetus health and development. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-02T05:29:42Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221104313
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Authors:Mawada Jaber, Mohammad Altamimi, Almothana Altamimi, Sara Cavaliere, Francesca De Filippis Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundThe pathogenesis and clinical course of Crohn's disease (CD) is influenced by diet. Mediterranean Diet (MD) helps Crohn's patients through many mechanisms.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the MD on CD patients and to evaluate such effect on body parameters.MethodsPubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane central library were searched for MD and CD from 2010 to 2020. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) male and female adults (18–75 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of CD; (2) MD as an intervention; (3) original interventional Trial, Cross-Sectional Analysis, or Prospective Cohort Studies.ResultsFive studies were included, involving 83,564 participants. A small number of patients with CD fulfilled the P-MDS criteria, the overall scores were low, 4.7 and 4.5 for females and males respectively. Patients with an inactive disease whose adherence to MD was greater, the MD score was negatively correlated with disease activity (p 50% from baseline.ConclusionsMD showed anti-inflammatory properties. Adherence to MD was associated with improvement in CD patients and negatively correlated with the disease activity, in addition to a lower risk of developing CD later in life. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-25T07:12:56Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102281
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Authors:Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud Abdallah, Mona Mohammed Abdelrahman,
Haitham Mohammad Al-Amir Shahat Attia, Alshimaa Hafez, Shimaa Anwar Rashed, Yasser Abdelkarim Amin, Shimaa Badawy Hemdan Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundsThe incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been significantly growing in recent years. Although the pathophysiology of fibrosis progression in NAFLD is not yet known, oxidative stress and inflammation have been known to have a major role in the development of NASH. Understanding the impact of micronutrients in NAFLD could potentially help us better understand NAFLD pathogenesis.AimsAssessing the serum levels of Zn, Se, and Vitamin E and their relation to the development of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD patients.MethodsThis study included 80 NAFLD patients and 40 healthy controls. All of the patients were subjected to abdominal ultrasound and FibroScan examination (to estimate hepatic fibrosis and steatosis degree), and the serum levels of Zn, Se, and vitamin E were evaluated.ResultsA statistically significant difference in the serum levels of Zn and Se was observed between the NAFLD group and the control group (P-value = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). The serum levels of Zn and Se were independently related to the presence of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. However, serum vitamin E was not related to the severity of NAFLD. Furthermore, no significant difference in the levels of Zn, Se, and vitamin E was observed between the different groups of NAFLD patients categorized according to the degree of steatosis and the control group.ConclusionsReduced serum levels of Zn and Se can be considered a possible risk factor for hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD. Deficiency in these micronutrients could play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:18:55Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221103032
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Authors:Gul Busra Davran, Ahmet Çetin Davran, Turgut Karabag Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Malnutrition is closely associated with heart failure, and known to be closely associated with mortality and morbidity in these patients. Aims: We investigated the relationship of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is a criterion of nutritional status in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with prognosis and parameters indicating inflammation. Methods: 139 patients admitted to the coronary intensive care unit with symptoms of decompensated congestive heart failure were included to the study. Patients were with heart failure with ejection fraction Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:18:40Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221103017
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Authors:Elaine Cristina de Lara Spada, Guilherme Nunes da Cruz, Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida, Daniela de Souza Vial Dahmer, Edgar Willibaldo Allebrandt Neto, Anderson de Oliveira Souza, Mayara Peron Pereira, Suelem Aparecida de França Lemes Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can cause night blindness or xerophthalmia, hepatic and metabolic changes in the blood. Aim: Therefore, this work aimed to stablish a model of hypovitaminosis A in rats and to evaluate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver of rats. Methods: Male (n = 19), Wistar, rats (21-day-old) weighing 50g, divided into two experimental groups: Control Group (C), received AIN 93G diet and Vitamin A Deficiency Group (VAD), received AIN 93G vitamin A-free diet for 45 days. In this work, the parameters analyzed were: body mass, food and water intake, biochemical aspects in the blood, lipids and glycogen content, lipid peroxidation, carbonyl proteins and catalase activity in the liver. Results: In the VAD group, final body mass (9%), liver mass (28%), glycemia (14%), Total -cholesterol (17%), HDL -cholesterol (31%) and VLDL -cholesterol (30%) showed reduced (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:18:35Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221103005
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Authors:Edimar F Oliveira, Scott C Forbes, Elvis Q Borges, Lacy F Machado, Darren G Candow, Marco Machado Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Aims: The purpose was to examine the relationship between habitual dietary creatine intake obtained in food and visuospatial short-term memory (VSSM). Methods: Forty-two participants (32 females, 10 males;> 60 yrs of age) completed a 5-day dietary recall to estimate creatine intake and performed a cognitive assessment which included a visuospatial short-term memory test (forward and reverse corsi block test) and a mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Pearson correlation coefficients were determined. Further, cohorts were derived based on the median creatine intake. Results: There was a significant correlation between the forward Corsi (r = 0.703, P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:17:54Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102273
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Authors:Priscilla Bouery, Randa Attieh, Lea Sacca, Yonna Sacre Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. To date, the primary and only treatment recommended for effective management of celiac disease (CD) is adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) which entails a new approach to eating that affects the social quality of life (QoL) and physical activity (PA) of patients. This cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the social QoL and PA of adult Lebanese CD patients aged between 18 and 59 years old who are following a GFD. An online CD questionnaire was administered to 136 Lebanese celiac participants on a GFD. The findings of this study show a significant association between celiac patients following a GFD and their social QoL (P-value = 0.0001). The results also showed a significant association between the same population and their PA (p-value = 0.0001). Further awareness-raising and learning activities about gluten-free products are needed to improve the adherence to a strict GFD to facilitate its availability to the Lebanese population. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:17:24Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221095685
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Authors:Mustika Cahya Nirmala Dewinta, Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis Penggalih, Digna Niken Purwaningrum Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: In order to improve national sport achievement in Indonesia, a new policy of nutritionist placement in every training center in Indonesia was proposed. The understanding of barriers and potential facilitators was needed to identify problems and arrange policy implementation strategies. Aim: This study aims to determine the barriers in nutrition intervention practices for athletes and opportunities in implementing the proposed policy of sport nutritionist placement in athlete training centers. Methods: The study was conducted using Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR) as the guideline for data collection and analysis. In-Depth Interview (IDI) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted on 9 participants from the Ministry of Youth and Sport, the Republic of Indonesia. Results: This study indicates that there are several potential barriers, which are influential on the implementation of nutrition support for athletes. These include the lack of facilitation of athletes’ nutritional needs, lack of supervision for food catering service, lack of communication, and limited funding. In contrast, the potential facilitators are strong relationship with sport-related stakeholders, compatibility with the existing policy, relative advantages, and trialability of the proposed policy. Conclusions: The Indonesia Ministry of Youth and Sports should utilize these facilitators as opportunities to design, develop, and implement a policy that requires nutrition support available for all athletes at every PPLP in Indonesia. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-20T08:23:18Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102681
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Authors:Rena I Kosti, Aikaterini Kanellopoulou, Konstantina Morogianni, Venetia Notara, George Antonogeorgos, Triada Kourtesa,
Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil, Ekaterina N Kornilaki, Areti Lagiou, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Although the literature suggests that skipping breakfast, insufficient sleep, and reduced physical activity are associated with childhood obesity their co-influence and their in-between interactions on weight status have rarely been studied. Aim: To examine the co-influence of breakfast eating habits, sleep duration, and physical activity on the weight status of children 10–12 years old from several schools of Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1688 students in Greece, during 2014–2016. Children's Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) classification. Logistic regression models and path analysis were used. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence was higher in boys (32.5% vs. 20.4%; p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-18T04:33:52Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102270
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Authors:Gayathry CP Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: High Body Mass Index (BMI) has a two times greater risk of developing type II diabetes compared to low BMI. The results showed that general obesity had a risk of 2.24 times while abdominal obesity had a risk of 2.44 times for the occurrence of diabetes. Aim: Based on the background described, the researcher was interested in examining the influence of BMI on the lipid profile of type II diabetes patients. Methods: A considerably large sample of 500 type II diabetes patients who attended the outpatient department of Endocrinology wing of NIMS Medicity (NICER-Noorul Islam Centre for Endocrinology Research), Kerala, India were selected to the macrosample pool following purposive random sampling method. Height and weight of the patients were taken following standard methods and BMI of the patients was computed. Biochemical investigations such as their lipid profile along with Fasting, Post Prandial Blood Glucose values and HbA1C were obtained from patients’ medical records. Finally, the hypothesized model was developed and tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique using SPSS AMOS 22.0. Results: The results show that height and weight highly influenced the BMI, among which weight, as shown by Standardized Regression Weights (SRW) Estimate- 1.102, Statistically Significant) influenced more than height (SRW Estimate:-0.683, Statistically Significant), weight had a positive influence, whereas height had a negative influence in selected Type II Diabetes patients. The model could not establish any relationship between BMI and lipid profile (SRW Estimate:-0.037, Statistically not Significant). Conclusion: The findings suggest that in diabetes patients increase in BMI alone does not lead to any alterations in their lipid profile. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-18T04:33:32Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221101715
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Authors:Roghayeh Rahbar Parvaneh, Mahdi Vajdi, Ata Nikfam Shiraz, Mohammad Khani, Sara Ebadpour Farshbaf, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1-Growth differentiation Factor 15 (MIC-1/GDF15) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are novel regulators of obesity and energy homeostasis and food intake. Aims: In the current cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate MIC-1 and VEGF concentrations and their association with serum lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress in obese individuals. Methods: Fifty six obese subjects, aged between 20–50 years old, participated in the current study. Anthropometric and nutritional parameters were assessed and serum and blood concentrations of MIC-1/GDF15, VEGF, markers of oxidative stress and serum lipids were evaluated. Results: Serum VEGF was strongly associated with serum lipids and MIC-1/GDF15 concentrations while serum MIC-1/GDF15 was associated with total cholesterol (TC) and VEGF levels. In multivariate regression analysis, serum VEGF, appetite and GPX were potent determinants of MIC-1/GDF15 concentrations while VEGF was only associated with serum MIC-1/GDF15. Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated the association between MIC-1/GDF15 and VEGF. Moreover, a positive association between these cytokines and serum lipids, was also observed. The results suggest that MIC-1/GDF15 and VEGF might be considered as prognostic markers in obesity-related metabolic disorders. Although further mechanistic studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanism. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-13T07:01:49Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221099716
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Authors:Lalitha Samuel, Danna Ethan, Corey Basch, Stephanie Dunne, Christine Quinn Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundVoluntary and mandatory fortification of pediatric foods, along with widespread consumption of dietary supplements have resulted in an increased proportion of children with excessive micronutrient intake.AimThis study aimed to analyze the proportion of pediatric dietary supplements that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and Tolerable Upper Limit for the individual micronutrients. We further identified the proportion of supplements with large amounts of micronutrients that were marketed through child-friendly and parent-geared promotional language and graphics on the packaging.MethodsThe nutrient facts label on pediatric supplement packages sold by three large retail pharmacy chains was analyzed for micronutrient content. Labels were examined for the presence of trademarked or generic cartoon characters and parent-geared health promotional statements.ResultsMore than a third and almost a fifth of the samples contained vitamin A and niacin respectively in amounts equivalent to or above the established tolerable upper limit for one- to three-year-old children. A major proportion of these supplements had child-friendly and parent-targeted promotional language on the package.ConclusionThe potential for pediatric supplements as a source for excessive micronutrient consumption underscores the need for parents and health care professionals to use nutrition labels as a valuable tool to prevent micronutrient toxicity. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-11T07:40:47Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221100926
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Authors:Diep Pham Thi, Tuong Pham Duy Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Fully nutrition support for patients in developing countries like Vietnam is challenging. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of patients with nutritional risk at admission and describe feeding regimen of critically ill patients in a suburban hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: An observational study was conducted among 154 patients at department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) were used for screening nutritional risk at admission. Body Mass Index (BMI), Mild-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and personal information were recorded. The feeding regimen of patients was monitored from the first to seventh day. Results: the patients were aged 66.5 ± 15.4 years, with an APACHEII of 13.0 ± 5.5 and SOFA 3.1 ± 2.6: 47.4% were malnutrition by MUAC, 16.2% had a severely low BMI ( Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-11T07:40:17Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221100673
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Authors:Misba Hussain, Helen Egan, Rebecca Keyte, Rachel Strachan, Abd A Tahrani, Michail Mantzios Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: People who have obesity often experience problematic eating behaviours, contributing towards their excessive weight gain. Aims: Understanding problematic eating behaviours and their association to self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating is important for the development of future interventions that improve weight-loss and weight-regulation. Methods: One hundred and one participants attending their first session of a 6-session dietetic programme within a Tier 3 medical weight management service in the West Midlands, UK were recruited to complete questionnaires on self-compassion, mindfulness, mindful eating and eating behaviours, such as, emotional, restrained, external, fat and sugar consumption and grazing. Results: The findings suggested all three constructs, self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating were significantly and negatively associated with grazing and emotional eating, but mindful eating was the only construct that also displayed a significant and negative association with other eating behaviours that are often barriers to successful weight regulation, such as external eating and fat consumption. Further investigation suggested mindful eating had an indirect effect on fat consumption and grazing via external eating. Conclusion: Whilst, self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating displayed a negative relationship with grazing and emotional eating, mindful eating also displayed a negative relationship with fat consumption and external eating. Possible explanations and directions for future work are discussed with an emphasis on the need for more empirical work. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-11T07:40:06Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221094671
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Authors:Joseph R. Stanzione, Gracie Bell, Daniel A. Greenwood Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Iron is a trace mineral that plays a significant role in oxygen transport and energy production during exercise. In deficiency, iron can have a significant negative impact on sports performance. Due to its relative simplicity, supplementation is a common treatment to combat deficiency. However, there is a paucity of analyses combining supplementation with dietary education as a method of treatment. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a systematic iron intervention combining nutrition education and supplementation stages to combat low ferritin levels in collegiate runners. Methods: Twenty four distance runners (13 women; 11 men; 19.5 ± 0.8 years of age) were measured for serum ferritin, daily iron, calcium and vitamin C intake at the start of the fall semester and again after 100 days of supplementation. A dependent groups t-test was applied to delineate changes in Ferritin levels and iron, vitamin C and calcium intake. Alpha levels were maintained a priori at p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-09T11:25:56Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221100337
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Authors:Tamara de Paula Mancilha, Fabia Albernaz Massarani, Filomena Vieira, Carmen Marino Donangelo, Josely Correa Koury Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Adequate body composition is important for health and performance of physically active adolescents; however, some factors can influence body composition. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between body composition and birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns, in male (n = 124) and female (n = 107) physically active adolescents. Methods: Birth weight was obtained from health booklets. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal adipose tissue (ASAT). Skeletal maturity was assessed by a hand and fist scanner using DXA. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns by factorial analysis. Results: Seventy one percent (male = 16%, female = 55%) of the participants were mature. Two dietary patterns (in natura/minimally processed and processed/ultra-processed) were identified. In males, FM (>15%, P = 0.043) and ASAT (>30%, P = 0.042) were higher in those with low-median compared to high-median birth weight. FFM (>24%) was higher in skeletally mature compared to those immatures (P = 0.001), and VAT (>28%) was higher in processed/ultra-processed compared to in natura/minimally processed dietary patterns (P = 0.015). In females, FFM (>9%) was higher in those with low-median compared to high-median birth weight (P = 0.019); and FFM (>16%), FM (>28%) and ASAT (>45%) were higher in skeletally mature compared to those immatures (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the complex association among body composition, birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns and in physically active adolescents, differently according to sex. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-02T07:36:48Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221096514
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Authors:Adetokunbo Olayanju, Duane Mellor, Yunus Khatri, Neil Pickles Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of global infant mortality, and compromises the ability of many countries with respect to achieving sustainable development goals. The WHO’s recommendation of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and zinc in the management of this disease, may not be readily available. Consideration and assessment of cultural practices in its management has been an area of increased interest over the last decade. Aim: This study aims to systematically evaluate efficacy of the consumption of traditional fermented foods as functional products for the treatment and management of diarrhoea. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline and Pubmed) databases with no restrictions on language and publication date for RCTs that investigated the effect of consumption of fermented foods on the treatment of diarrhoea in children under five years of age. Results: Seven RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared to control, consumption of fermented foods significantly reduced mean duration of diarrhoea, −0.61 days; (95% CI, −1.04, −0.18); length of hospitalization, −0.35 days (95% CI, −0.69, −0.02); but not mean daily frequency of stool −2.00 (95% CI,-7.03, 3.04). Conclusion: Limited available evidence suggests that consumption of fermented foods may help reduce duration and severity of symptoms as a treatment of diarrhoea. More high quality research needs to be undertaken to investigate the efficacy of fermented food as an effective alternative to ORS as a potential WHO recommendation for management of diarrhoeal disease. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-29T04:53:33Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221095678
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Authors:Slimane Mehdad, Hakim Belghiti,
Fatima Ezzahra Zahrou, Hassania Guerinech,
Fatima Zahra Mouzouni, Amina El hajjab, Hicham El Berri, Laila El Ammari, Souad Benaich, Hasnae Benkirane, Amina Barkat, Hassan Aguenaou Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Although vitamin D deficiency has been studied in various populations, there are few data on its prevalence and associated factors among Moroccan women. Aim: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and investigate its association with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in a sample of Moroccan adult women. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Mohammed V Military Hospital of Instruction, Rabat. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses were performed using standard procedures Results: A total of 714 women aged 18–65 years participated in this study. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.4%. Approximately 24% and 51% of women had severe and moderate vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were inversely correlated with BMI in vitamin D-deficient subjects (P = 0.036) and with parathyroid hormone 1–84 (PTH1-84) levels in the study sample (P = 0.010). PTH1-84 concentrations were greater among overweight/obese individuals compared to their non-overweight peers (P = 0.001) and tended to be higher among vitamin D-deficient women than vitamin D-sufficient women (P = 0.053). Conclusion: This study showed a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this sample of Moroccan women. Lower serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased BMI in vitamin D-deficient women and with elevated PTH1-84 levels among the study sample. Although these findings come from a convenience sample of women that attended a nutrition clinic, they underscore the urgent need to develop public health interventions to improve women’s vitamin D status. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-18T09:33:19Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221094376
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Authors:Narjes Soleimanifar, Sara Assadiasl, Mohammad Hassan Alamolhoda, Mehdi Nateghpour, Mahmoud Motavassel Arani, Maryam Sadr, Bahareh Mohebbi, Hanieh Mojtahedi, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: nutritional factors might affect the number and function of immune cells for instance the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Ramadan fasting is intermittent abstinence from eating and drinking for almost four weeks. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of intermittent fasting on serum IgA, salivary IgA (sIgA), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 levels. Methods: 40 healthy men aged 19–29 years were evaluated before and during the fourth week of Ramadan fasting for IgA levels by the nephelometric method as well as salivary IgA (sIgA), IL-17, and IL-22 amounts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: serum IgA levels reduced significantly at the end of Ramadan fasting (225.8 ± 87 vs. 196 ± 70 mg/dl) (p-value Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-11T02:37:17Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221092203
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Authors:Patrizia Calella, Francesca Gallè, Giuseppe Cerullo, Nunzia Postiglione, Roberta Ricchiuti, Giorgio Liguori, Stefania D’Angelo, Giuliana Valerio Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: A well-balanced diet is essential in sport. Due to its typical content in high-quality proteins, low glycemic index foods, and unsaturated fats, Mediterranean Diet (MD) may represent a good choice to cover nutritional needs of athletes. The aim of this study was to explore how the dietary habits of elite athletes, such as those competing at the XXX Summer Universiade, comply with the MD model. A comparison between athletes coming from the Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean countries was also assessed. Methods: The Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS) questionnaire was administered to a sample of 433 university student athletes from all over of the world to evaluate the level of adherence to the MD pattern and possible differences between geographical areas. Results: The total sample showed a medium adherence to the MD, with a mean MDSS of 15.73 ± 3.71 out of a total of 23 points. A satisfactory consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported. Athletes from Northern European countries had a lower MD pattern adherence than the other ones. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MD model is common among elite athletes, and it may be promoted as a healthy dietary pattern in the sport setting. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-07T12:19:24Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221089118
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Authors:Nafiseh Khandouzi, Ali Zahedmehr, Ata Firoozi, Javad Nasrollahzadehp Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated possible beneficial effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, but limited studies have evaluated the effects of flaxseed on the plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and gut microbial composition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, Lp-PLA2 activity, as well as the relative abundance of some gut microbiota in CAD patients. Methods: In a randomized controlled parallel trial, 50 patients with CAD were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of supplementation of flaxseed (30 g/day) or control (usual care). Before and after the intervention, plasma lipids, Lp-PLA2 activity, and some gut microbiota composition (4 different bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) were measured. Results: Compared to control, flaxseed consumption was associated with improved Lp-PLA2 activity. After 12 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma lipids and fecal microbial composition in the two study groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that in patients with CAD, flaxseed supplementation reduced plasma Lp-PLA2 activity but had no effect on plasma lipids and the composition of some intestinal bacteria. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-06T06:12:01Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221091016
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Authors:Niza Rean Simwanza, Mwamba Kalungwe, Thamary Karonga, Catherine M Mumba Mtambo, Mandu S Ekpenyong, Mathew Nyashanu Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Malnutrition prevents children from reaching their full physical and mental potential. Health and physical consequences of prolonged states of malnourishment among children are: delay in their physical growth and motor development; lower intellectual quotient (IQ), greater behavioural problems and deficient social skills; susceptibility to contracting diseases. According to the 2015 Millennium development goal (MDG) report, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for one third of all undernourished children globally, highlighting that malnutrition still remains a major health concern for children under 5 years in the sub-region, thus buttressing the need for urgent intervention. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the risk factors of child malnutrition in sub–Saharan Africa through a scoping review. Methods: The scoping review was conducted using the following specific subject databases: EBSCOhost, google scholar, Pub med, demographic research and research gate. Attention was paid to keywords during navigation to ensure consistency of searches in each database. Two limiters were applied in all five databases. These included the use of the English language and articles published on child malnutrition in sub Saharan Africa. Results: The researchers identified eight themes for inclusion in the findings. The themes fell into four major categories being maternal related, family related, child related as well as context related factors. These themes reflect factors associated with child malnutrition. Conclusion: This scoping review revealed that there are quite a number of risk factors that lead to child malnutrition. Therefore, there is an urgency for strategic interventions aimed at improving child nutrition through female education if the 2030 end malnutrition SDG 2.2 are to be achieved. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-04T08:46:15Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090699
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Authors:Alexandra Malia Jackson, Louise Parker, Yoshie Sano, Anne E Cox, Jane Lanigan Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Weight-neutral interventions that promote adaptive eating behaviors are becoming a growing area of practice. Understanding whether adaptive eating behaviors are associated with improved diet quality is essential. Body image may be an important factor in this relationship given its close connection to eating behaviors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the relationships between positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and diet quality. Methods: We recruited 288 adults 18 years and older who were living in the US using Prolific Academic. Participants completed an online survey including measures of positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and a dietary screener questionnaire (DSQ). We ran a hierarchical linear regression and tested whether body image and diet quality were mediated by eating behavior. Results: Body image and maladaptive eating behaviors were not associated with diet quality. Body-food choice congruence (B-FCC), an adaptive eating behavior, was associated with diet quality. B-FCC mediated the relationship of positive and negative body image to diet quality. Conclusions: Our findings provide additional support for weight-neutral or adaptive eating interventions as a mechanism to promote diet quality. Additional research may benefit from exploring indirect effects of body image on diet intake, the relationship between eating behavior and diet quality using qualitative data, and the comparison of weight-neutral or non-diet interventions with traditional behavior change interventions. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-04T08:45:55Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090696
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Authors:Jaime Gnau, Melinda G. Novik, Sara M. Powell, Daniela Novotny Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Intuitive eating (IE) principles present an evidence-based strategy for improving one's relationship with food while reducing the incidence of weight cycling and health risks associated with chronic dieting and weight regain. Offering online programming provides improved access to education while reducing barriers to programme enrollment but is also associated with high rates of attrition. Aim: To examine the process of programme implementation and identify barriers and facilitators of engagement for an online IE programme for employees at a large Midwestern university. Methods: The web-based programme Finding Peace with Food: An Intuitive Eating Approach consisted of an online community with discussion prompts, 10 weekly modules containing videos, activities, and counsellor interviews and was developed using recognized health behaviour theory and evidence-based practices. Participants were university employees (n = 20). Qualitative data were assessed using a phenomenological approach to discern the themes of barriers and facilitators of programme participation. Participation rates were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results: All participants were Caucasian, 85% were female, and their ages ranged from 26–64. The module-based structure was well received. The primary barriers to participation were time constraints, overwhelming amount of information, and aversion to Flipgrid platform use. The quality and usefulness of the programme information were identified as facilitators of participation. Conclusion: Program participation was influenced by the time frame available to complete the programme modules and participants’ ease of use of platform applications. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-04T08:05:51Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090346
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Authors:Ruth A. Rasmussen, Susan B. Sisson, Janis E. Campbell, Beth DeGrace, Jonathan D. Baldwin Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: About 12 million children under 5 years of age attend early care and education centers (ECEs). Child intake at home can be impacted by food insecurity, which is higher among low income, rural, and racially diverse families. Aim: Determine whether greater access to fruits, vegetables, and snacks at home was associated with heart-healthy diet score at home and at ECEs in preschool-age children, and to determine whether there is a difference in heart-healthy diet score between home and ECEs. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving children (3-to-5-year-old, n = 88) who attended 16 licensed ECEs across Oklahoma. Caregivers completed the Healthy Home Survey and 3-Dinner Dietary recall to report children's home food access and home dinner dietary intake, respectively. Researchers recorded children's ECE lunch consumption using the Dietary Observation for Child Care. Heart-healthy diet score was derived from composite scores for six variables: consumption of fish, fruits, vegetables, sodium, fiber, and sugary drinks. Results: Home access to total fruits and vegetables (16.2 ± 6.3) outnumbered snacks (5.5 ± 3.0). No difference in composite heart-healthy diet score between ECEs (1.50 ± 0.8) and home (1.27 ± 0.9, P = 0.0851). Children within neither environment met recommendations for most variables (vegetables [18–24%], fruit [6–10%], fish [5–10%], fiber [1%], sodium [22–39%]). No relationship between home food access variables and the heart-healthy diet scores at home or ECEs. Conclusion: Dietary intake of children at home and ECEs does not meet heart-healthy diet score recommendations. Interventions should support preschool aged children from families that are located rurally, low-income, racial minorities, and whose primary caregivers work outside the home. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-30T06:57:48Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090695
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Authors:Mahwish Aslam, Shahid Bashir, Aurang Zeb Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Studies on humans have revealed the beneficial effects of zinc (Zn) supplementation in patients with type-2 diabetes. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of zinc supplementation on blood glucose level in type-2 diabetic patients and determine the interaction between age and zinc supplementation on type-2 diabetic patients. Methods: A randomized placebo-control trial conducted in Bashir Hospital of Sialkot, Allama Iqbal Memorial Hospital Sialkot and Civil Hospital of Daska, Sialkot. 144 diabetic patients were selected including an expected drop-out rate of 20%. All the participants were randomly divided into Group 1 (Treatment group with intervention given Zn tablets 20 mg/day) and Group 2 (control group with placebo effect). Each group was further divided into 2 age categories Category 1 (30–50 years of age) and Category 2 (51–70 Years of age). Demographic data, Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, serum blood glucose analysis, HbA1C, and serum zinc levels were recorded at the beginning (0 day) and end of the study (60 days). Results: Final fasting serum glucose levels were significantly lowered in group 1 with (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-29T08:03:04Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221088382
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Authors:Madison Keller, Bridgett Von Kahle, Barbara Gordon, Irene van Woerden Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Recent studies demonstrated that food insecurity rates among college students surpass that of the general population. Both academic and health implications have been associated with food insecurity. Aim: This study compared the prevalence of food insecurity among students at three satellite campuses with those at the main campus of a 4-year, public university. Methods: In this cross-sectional design study, data were collected for four weeks using an anonymous, online questionnaire (10 demographic questions plus the USDA’s Adult Food Security Survey 10-item module). A sample of 983 students was recruited from the 9064 undergraduate and graduate students attending a state university. Chi-square tests were used to assess demographic differences between food insecure students on the main and satellite campuses. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds of food insecurity by campus (satellite vs. main), after controlling for demographics. Statistical significance was assessed at P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-29T08:02:35Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082388
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Authors:Hadi Emamat, Hossein Farhadnejad, Hossein Poustchi, Farshad Teymoori, Alireza Bahrami, Azita Hekmatdoost Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Data on the association between dietary acid load and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are scarce and controversial. Aim: This study aimed to assess the association between dietary acid-base loads and odds of NAFLD. Methods: In the current study, 196 cases of NAFLD (proven by a gastroenterologist using Fibroscan) and 803 age-matched controls were enrolled from the same clinic. Dietary intakes of patients with NAFLD and controls without hepatic steatosis were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary acid load was estimated using the validated potential renal acid load (PRAL) algorithm. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds of NAFLD across quintiles of PRAL. Results: The mean ± SD age of the study population (43% male) was 43.28 ± 14.02 years. The mean ± SD of PRAL was −1.90 ± 7.12 for all participants. After adjustment for all known confounders, subjects in the third quintile of PRAL (nearly with neutral PRAL) had a 54% lower odds of NAFLD compared with those in the lowest quintiles of the PRAL [(OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.24–0.89), (P = 0.021)]. However, the odds of NAFLD in the highest quintiles of PRAL was not different in comparison to the lowest quintiles (OR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.41–1.57). Conclusion: In conclusion, our results have shown a modest U shaped relationship between PRAL and NAFLD. Further studies with acid-base biomarkers are needed to confirm the role of dietary acid load in the development of NAFLD and its potential mechanisms. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-21T08:41:01Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221088383
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Authors:Erika Aparecida Silveira, Andrea Batista Canheta, Matias Noll, Ana Paula Santos Rodrigues,
Cesar de Oliveira Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The treatment for obesity, specifically severe obesity, is a challenge for health professionals and services. It requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach covering the complexity and difficulties of incorporating healthy habits to prevent associated diseases and mortality. Individual intervention's methods are not enough to change eating habits. Objective: To describe and investigate the contribution of nutritional and food education as a complementary therapeutic approach in the treatment of individuals with severe obesity and their family members. Methods: A multidisciplinary team adopted a group approach. A different topic was addressed at each therapeutic meeting to assist in the nutritional treatment of obesity, such as diet and healthy habits i.e. barriers to lifestyle changes. The topics were developed based on different methodological and teaching approaches to facilitate adherence to non-drug treatment. Results: Overall, there was a greater understanding towards the adoption of healthy eating habits of the whole family, greater motivation to adhere to dietary changes and adoption of a more physical active lifestyle. This interventional educational support methodology had been accepted in such a positive way for patients and their relatives. Family member participation expands the possibilities of establishing necessary and lasting changes in the lifestyle of not only the patients, but their whole families. Conclusion: Health education actions constitute an important complementary therapeutic approach in promoting health and preventing complications in individuals with severe obesity. This article can be useful to enlarge the debate on the subject and face the challenges related to the effective treatment of obesity, notably severe obesity. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-16T09:16:49Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221080246
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Authors:Isabella da Costa Ribeiro, Tafnes Laís Pereira Santos de Almeida Oliveira, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Isabele Góes Nobre, Ravi Marinho dos Santos, Camilla Peixoto Santos Rodrigues, Maria Vitória dos Santos Costa, Maria Carla Melo Damasceno, Wylla Tatiana Ferreira e Silva, Carol Góis Leandro Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) consumption is associated with pediatric overweight and obesity. Aim: To evaluate the UPFs consumption in children classified either as eutrophic or with excess weight (overweight and obesity). It was also described the fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the correlation between UPFs consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: A total of 139 children aged 7–10years of both sexes, living in Northeast Brazil were classified as eutrophic (n = 65) or excess weight (n = 62). Waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fatness (% BF), fat-free-mass and fat mass were evaluated. Fasting blood sample were collected for biochemical analysis. Food consumption was classified according to the degree of processing. Results: Children with excess weight had a reduction in plasma HDL concentration (45.00; IQR:36.00–54.50 mg/dL vs. 40.00; IQR:35.75–45.25 mg/dL; p = 0.021) and an increase in blood glucose (82.00; IQR:79.00–86.00 mg/dL vs. 86.00; IQR:81.00–90.00 mg/dL; p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-07T11:51:28Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221084816
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Authors:Manas Ranjan Pradhan, Mahesh Rajendra Shete Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Undernutrition is a significant public health problem and the leading risk factor for India's disease burden. Aim: To understand the determinants of nutritional status among under-five children receiving Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) in India. Methods: The study used the National Family Health Survey–4 (2015–16) data. The analysis was carried out for under-five children who have availed of any ICDS services in the 12 months preceding the survey (n = 1,27,813). Stunting, wasting, and underweight were estimated following the World Health Organization guideline and used as the outcome variables. The binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the association of ICDS utilization and socioeconomic-demographic predictors with under-five children's nutritional status. STATA (V 13) was used for statistical analyses. Results: A sizable proportion of under-five children receiving any ICDS services suffer from undernutrition. The undernutrition prevalence varied considerably by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression found an insignificant association of ICDS utilization with the nutritional status of under-five children. Children not immunized in ICDS centers were less likely to be stunted (OR: 0.93; P Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-03T10:48:16Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221085809
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Authors:Bahareh Nikooyeh, Maliheh Zahedirad, Ali Kalayi, Nastaran Shariatzadeh, Bruce W. Hollis, Tirang R. Neyestani Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: It is documented that vitamin D may have a role in erythropoiesis as its deficiency is accompanied by an increased risk of anemia. Aim: This study aimed to examine whether improvement of vitamin D status through daily consumption of either fortified foods or supplements could impinge on certain hematologic parameters in adults. Methods: We pooled data from our two separate clinical trials and made five experimental groups. As part of their usual diet, one group consumed 500 mL/day of yogurt drink fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D (D-yogurt, n = 27) whereas one group consumed 500 mL/day of the plain yogurt drink (P-yogurt, n = 27). In addition three other groups consumed either 50 g/day bread fortified with 1000 IU of vitamin D (D-bread) or supplement containing 1000 IU vitamin D (D-supplement, n = 27) or placebo (placebo, n = 27). Biochemical measurements were performed before and after the intervention. Results: In all three vitamin D-supplemented groups, serum 25(OH)D concentration increased after the intervention period, which was interestingly accompanied by a significant increment of hemoglobin (D-yogurt, p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-03T10:48:07Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221085351
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Authors:Saviga Sethasathien, Suchaya Silvilairat, Rekwan Sittiwangkul, Krit Makonkawkeyoon, Kulnipa Kittisakmontri, Yupada Pongprot Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Growth restriction is still a common problem in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Evidence demonstrates that performing cardiac surgery in appropriate timing may result in better growth outcome. Aim: To investigate prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition in pediatric patients with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery. In addition, post-operative growth outcomes at two weeks following cardiac surgery were also assessed. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January and September 2014. Results: One hundred patients with a median age of 28.5 months (range 14–62 months) were enrolled. Two-third of these patients had at least one form of malnutrition before receiving surgical treatment while wasting, stunting and combined wasting-stunting accounted for 23%, 28%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that congestive heart failure-related symptoms were significantly associated with increasing risk of malnutrition (adjusted OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.78–11.26, p = 0.001). Two weeks after hospital discharge, wasting patients with regardless of stunting had significantly improved weight for height (WHZ) and weight for length Z-scores (WLZ) compared to growth parameters at the time of cardiac surgery, p = 0.012 and p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-03T10:47:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082382
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Authors:Tohid Rouzitalab, Nitin Shivappa, Elnaz Daneshzad, Azimeh Izadi, Meisam Sanoobar, Nafiseh Khandouzi, Mohammad Reza Shiri-Shahsavar, Mohammad khalili Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: It has been suggested that nutrition might contribute to multiple sclerosis etiology (MS). Aim: This case-control study aimed to determine the role of food habits and dietary patterns in preventing or developing MS in a multicenter study in Iran (Tehran and Shiraz). Methods: In this study, food intake of (106 patients with relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) and 72 healthy controls in Tehran) and (75 patients with relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) and 72 healthy controls in Shiraz) were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and the risk of MS was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: Two major dietary patterns were extracted: the “healthy” and the “unhealthy” patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, in Tehran city, subjects in the highest tertile of the unhealthy dietary pattern score had greater odds of having MS, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: [1.95–2.41]; p for trend = 0.01). In Shiraz city, subjects in the highest tertile of the unhealthy dietary pattern score had greater odds with MS than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: [1.27-7.38]; p for trend = 0.01). However, in both groups, no significant association was found between healthy dietary pattern and MS risk. Conclusions: Adherence to unhealthy dietary pattern may increase the risk of MS in Iran. The results can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for preventing MS. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-02T01:20:18Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082379
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Authors:Mahdi Ebroshe, Lemessa Oljira, Bezatu Mengiste, Hassen Abdi Adem, Addisu Alemu, Gelana Fekadu Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The age of children up to 59 months is a critical period for children's growth and development and the age when optimal complementary feeding is crucial. Aim: To assess optimal complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in rural Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 was used for the analyses. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted at p-value Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-02T01:20:11Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082373
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Authors:Rose Kokui Dufe Turkson, Jennifer Ngounda, Riette Nel, Corinna May Walsh Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Objective: The elderly living in Africa are prone to malnutrition which is complicated by the high prevalence of poverty. This study assessed the nutritional status of the elderly and factors associated with malnutrition. Method: In a cross-sectional survey, the nutritional status of 300 participants aged 65 years and older was determined using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire consisting of 18 questions. Socio-demographic data was obtained using a questionnaire. Results: Sixty-six percent were at risk of malnutrition, while 14.6% (n = 44) were malnourished. Participants that did not use electricity as a fuel for cooking versus those that did, had higher odds of being malnourished/ at risk of malnutrition (OR = 1.85 [1.04; 3.31]). Those that did not experience psychological stress or acute disease versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.33 [0.12; 0.90]). Participants that did not perceive nutritional problems versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.18 [0.09; 0.34]). Similarly, those that did not perceive their health status as poor versus those that did, had lower odds of being malnourished/at risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.17 [0.08; 0.34]). Discussion: The findings indicate that the elderly with more resources, less stress, and better actual and perceived health were less likely to be malnourished. In such communities, routine screening in the elderly is required to identify those with compromised health and nutritional status. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-23T02:31:07Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082368
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Authors:AN Anthonisamy, S Misra, A Barua Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Night eating syndrome (NES) is described as a disordered eating pattern relative to sleep, where consumption of food occurs in the evening and night. Numerous studies had been conducted in various populations but studies on (NES) among call centre employees are limited. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NES and its determinants among selected inbound call centre employees in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 217 inbound call centre employees were recruited through random sampling. A self-administered socio-demographic and work-related questionnaire was used to collect data on the background of the respondents. Information on NES and well-being was obtained by using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) respectively. Data on dietary intakes, smoking habits, alcohol intakes and life stress were acquired using a Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ) while eating behaviour of the respondents was studied using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 24.1 ± 6.0 years. The prevalence of NES was 12.0% (95% CI = 8.12–17.24). The binary logistic regression identified that NES is significantly associated with adequate exercise (AOR = 4.250, p = 0.012) and emotional eating (AOR = 6.510, p = 0.014). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of NES was high in the call centre and repeated nocturnal eating can have multiple adverse health effects. Therefore, promoting healthy eating habits are crucial to reduce the impacts of NES. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-21T05:13:57Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221081198
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Authors:Irene Roozen, Mariet Raedts Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Some meat eaters are faced with a dilemma: they like to eat meat, but they are also concerned about animal welfare, the environmental impact of meat production, and health risks associated with meat consumption. Aim We investigated the interrelationship between ‘meat attachment’ (people's affective connection towards meat) and the ‘4Ns’ (four defence arguments omnivores use to justify their meat consumption: eating meat is normal, necessary, nice, and natural), two constructs often used by researchers to measure omnivores justifications for meat consumption. Second, we compared the predictive power of both constructs on omnivores’ (willingness to reduce) meat consumption in a regression model that also included age, gender, educational level, financial status, and participants’ beliefs concerning environmental, ethical and health issues of eating meat. Methods: In total 203 Belgian omnivores (47.4% men) completed an online questionnaire in February 2020. Their ages ranged from 18 to 55 (M = 23.57, SD = 4.64). Results: Results indicate that the correlations between the different dimensions of ‘meat attachment’ and the 4Ns are significantly positive (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-14T04:09:00Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221080255
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Authors:Alvin Tran, Nick Birk, Timothy Skalaban, Selena Chom Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Despite numerous studies focusing on the burden of food insecurity, few have assessed its impact among sexual minority (LGB) populations. Sexual minority individuals are subject to chronic levels of stress, including stigma, prejudice, and discrimination as a result of their sexual orientation identity. While few studies have documented food insecurity among sexual minorities, the relationship between food insecurity and discrimination among this stigmatized population remains unclear. Aim: This study aimed to assess the toll of food insecurity among a sample of sexual minority men (i.e. bisexual and gay men) in the U.S. Guided by the Minority Stress Theory, the study also assessed the relationship between food insecurity and perceived discrimination. Methods: Researchers disseminated an online survey and recruited gay and bisexual men in the U.S. The survey collected participants’ demographic information, perceived discrimination, and food insecurity. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between perceived discrimination and food insecurity. Results: A total of 504 sexual minority men (49.2% bisexual and 50.8% gay) completed the survey. Results from logistic regression models suggest perceived discrimination was significantly associated with food insecurity (OR = 1.14, CI: 1.11–1.18). Those living with a partner demonstrated lower odds of food insecurity (OR = 0.38, CI: 0.18–0.71). Conclusion: The present study found a significant association between perceived discrimination and food insecurity among sexual minority men. The findings need to be replicated and further explored through additional research, including qualitative methods, to better elucidate how discrimination is related to experiences with food insecurity among gay and bisexual men. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-11T01:32:14Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221080242
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Authors:Vera Salvo, Mariana Cabral Schveitzer, Adriana Sanudo, Maria Lucia Favarato, Marcelo Demarzo Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Obesity and overweight are public health problems of multifactorial etiology, aggravated by the challenge that is maintaining weight loss. Used in the context of general health, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have also showed positive effects when targeting changes to overweight-related eating behaviors. Methods: This study consists of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial conducted with 284 women from primary health care units. Data were collected from the last session with 16 focus groups, considering each intervention group (mindfulness or mindful eating) Aim: This article aims to present the perceptions of low-income overweight women who participated in Mindfulness and Mindful Eating intervention groups in primary health care according to each type of intervention. Results: Seven themes were identified: course challenges; valorization of the teacher's attitudes; mindfulness understanding; self-awareness development; change of expectations; development of a different food–weight relationship; and discover of a wide range of benefits. Conclusion: Mindfulness and Mindful eating interventions affect not only an individual's relationship with body and food, but also life and human relations. The results indicate the feasibility of the intervention, which addresses a large number of patients who lack treatment options for overweight or emotional and psychological issues associated with this condition. MBIs such as mindful eating are applicable in primary health care facilities, targeting overweight women and supporting treatment by addressing a repressed demand in the system. Similar to mind-body therapies, these interventions allow for comprehensive care.ClinicalTrials.gov, (NCT02893150) on 30 March 2017. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-09T01:43:36Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221075537
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Authors:Mianzhao (Tracy) Guo, Abigail S. Baldridge, Kiarri N. Kershaw, Linda V. Van Horn, Kranti Rumalla, Brooke Bright, Dagan Xavier, Mark D. Huffman Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Objective: Consumers in the US make choices within a food supply dominated by processed packaged foods and beverage products. Front-of-package nutrition labels (FOPL) equip consumers to make healthier choices, but further evaluation and regulation regarding FOPL format, scope, and display have been recommended by the World Health Organization. As a leader in consumer FOPL guidance, the American Heart Association's (AHA) Heart Check programme certifies food companies seeking to add an AHA Heart Check logo as a FOPL for qualifying heart healthy products. A cross-sectional assessment of the AHA Heart Check Standard Certification was conducted within the US packaged food and beverage supply to assess the eligibility and prevalence of the programme as a FOPL. Methods: Data were derived from Label Insight's Open Data initiative, which is the largest publicly-available US branded food composition database. The proportions of products that were certified and eligible to be certified for the Standard Certification were reported by nutrient attributes, grocery aisles and food brands. Results: Among 153,453 products examined, fewer than 1% exhibited the Heart Check certification on their label. Among products that were not Heart Check certified,13.8% were eligible for Standard Certification. The most common reason for ineligibility was the saturated fat content (52%), followed by total fat content (47%) and sodium content (47%). Heart Check certification and eligibility differed substantially across grocery aisle categories. Conclusions: The abundance of unhealthy products in the US packaged food and beverage supply and absence of harmonized FOPL policies suggest the need for FOPL like the Heart Check label to promote adherence to healthy diets. There are opportunities for food manufacturers and the AHA to certify more heart healthy foods and beverages. However, more consistent criteria and transparent labelling could enhance Heart Check certification to facilitate consumers’ ability to make more informed and healthful purchases. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-07T05:41:49Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221075536
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Authors:Carmen de Cáceres, Teresa Rico, Cristina Abreu, Ana Isabel Velasco, Rafael Lozano, Maria Carmen Lozano Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The adaptation of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) to actual energy requirements of hospitalised patients is essential, since excessive and insufficient nutritional intake have been associated with poor clinical outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the adaptation of prescribed PN to the estimated nutritional requirements using three predictive equations and the influence of excessive/insufficient nutrient intake on patient clinical outcomes (nutritional parameters, metabolic and infectious complications). Methods: Prospective, observational study in hospitalised patients nutritionally assessed. Data was collected the first and fifth/sixth day of PN with clinical (infection, length of hospital stay), biochemical (visceral proteins, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, lymphocytes, CRP) and anthropometric parameters (skin folds, height, weight). Theoretical requirements were calculated using Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin-St Jeor (MF) and 25 Kcal/Kg/day formulas. The HB formula was used to compare estimated and provided requirements. Results: A total of 94 patients (mean: 72 ± 13.7 years old) were included with initial mean weight and height of 69.2 Kg and 162.8 cm, respectively (mean BMI: 26.1 Kg/m2). No statistically significant differences were found between the actual (1620 Kcal/day) and estimated caloric mean calculated with HB (1643 Kcal/day) and MF (1628 Kcal/day). When comparing with the caloric estimation, 31.9% of patients were underfed, while 14.9% were overfed. Intergroup analysis demonstrated significant variations in albumin, prealbumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and MUAC, with a significant increase of hyperglycaemia (+37.86; p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-01-13T01:07:16Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060211070108
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Authors:Selby Nichols, Nequesha Dalrymple, Patrice Prout, Anisa Ramcharitar-Bourne Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Diet is a significant contributor to health and wellbeing of individuals. Aim: In this study we investigated patterns of dietary intakes, levels of nutrient inadequacies and associated sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle factors among adults in Trinidad and Tobago. Method: The study was cross-sectional in nature. A convenience sample of 11783 persons from districts throughout Trinidad and Tobago completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic and lifestyle items. Anthropometry was self-reported with 15% of participants having measurements done according to recommended procedures. Dietary patterns were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) while nutrient intakes and adequacy were assessed using the NutriGenie 7.0 software and nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) respectively. Foods were categorised as unprocessed/minimally processed and processed/ultra-processed. The University of The West Indies Ethics Committee approved the study. Results: Approximately 72.5% of participants met the Goldberg criteria for plausible reporting. The three predominant dietary patterns ‘Typical’, ‘Fruits and Vegetables’, and ‘High Fat’ explained 45% of the total variance in foods consumed. Processed/ultra-processed foods accounted for most of the energy (80%) and nutrients consumed. Nutrient inadequacies were observed for potassium, vitamins B12, D, E, K, fibre, magnesium; and iron among females. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for participants was 67%. MAR was positively associated with predominant dietary patterns independent of socioe demographic and lifestyle factors (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-01-11T03:23:48Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060211070907
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Authors:Mayumi Mizutani, Junko Tashiro, Heri Sugiarto, Maftuhah, Riyanto, Jeremiah Mock, Kazuhiro Nakayama Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: In 2016, the World Health Organization recommended salt reduction strategies. In most low- and middle-income countries, little is known about what causes people to reduce their salt intake. Aim: In rural West Java, Indonesia, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe self-reported salt reduction practices among middle-aged Muslims with hypertension (n = 447) and to identify correlates of salt reduction. Methods: We developed a questionnaire with Likert scales to measure self-reported frequency of efforts to reduce salt intake, and degree of agreement/disagreement with 51 statements about variables hypothesized to influence salt reduction practices. We compared groups using t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. Through one-factor confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, we identified correlates of salt reduction practices. Results: About 45% of participants reported regularly reducing their salt intake; only 12.8% reported never attempting. Men reported higher social barriers, while women reported higher family support and spiritual support. Overall, we found that participants’ frequency of effort to reduce their salt intake was associated with a constellation of six correlates. Salt reduction practices were directly positively associated with prior health/illness experiences (β = 0.25), and by seeking health information (β = 0.24). Seeking health information was in turn positively associated with prior health/illness experiences (β = 0.34), receiving support from health professionals (β = 0.23) and Islamic spiritual practice (β = 0.24). Salt reduction practices were negatively associated with environmental barriers to healthful eating practices (β = -0.14). Conclusion: In this population, reinforcing positive correlates identified in this study and mitigating against negative correlates may foster salt reduction practices. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-01-11T03:23:31Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060211057624
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Authors:Anastasia Papadimitriou, Alexandra Foscolou, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Antonia Thodis, Antigone Kouris-Blazos, Laima Brazionis,
Amalia C. Sidossis, Evangelos Polychronopoulos, Peter Kokkinos, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Labros S. Sidossis Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Whether older immigrant populations from the Mediterranean region, continue to follow the MD long after they immigrated is not known. Aim: Compare adherence to the MD and successful aging levels between Greeks living in Greece (GG) and Greeks living abroad (GA). Methods: Anthropometrical, clinical, psychological, sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle parameters were assessed in a cross-sectional manner in a sample of 252 GG and 252 GA. Mediterranean Diet Score (MedDietScore range 0-55) was used to assess adherence to the MD. Successful aging was evaluated with the validated successful aging index (SAI range 0-10). Results: GA presented higher adherence to MD (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-01-05T03:14:26Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060211072363
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Authors:Nauman Khalid First page: 481 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-11-04T07:34:50Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137260
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Authors:Wei Kai Heng, Jin Yi Choo, Yen Ping Ng, Kok Shen Loh, Yoke Hwa Chua First page: 489 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that is strongly associated with multiple comorbidities and mortality. Weight reduction in overweight and obese patients was highly desired to minimize future complications. Meal replacement is emerging as one of the effective tools to promote weight loss. Isoflavones and soy protein present in soybean are able to promote weight loss and alleviate obesity. Aim: Our systematic review aims to investigate the weight loss effect of soy-based meal replacement among the overweight and obese population. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review of RCTs that evaluated the effect of a soy-based meal replacement on weight loss in overweight and obese patients. The primary outcome of this review is weight loss. Besides that, we will assess BMI, body fat, waist circumference and hip circumference as the secondary outcome. We will search PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts, extract information and assess the risk of bias of individual studies. We will conduct meta-analyses using a random-effect model if sufficient data are available. If meta-analysis is not performed, we will present a systematic qualitative synthesis. Summary: This systematic review will identify the weight loss effect of soy-based meal replacement among the overweight and obese adult population. We expect the result may strengthen the evidence on the role of soy-based meal replacement in optimal body weight management. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-11T03:12:42Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221089105
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Authors:Shamiram Benjamin, Tsz Yuen Au, Chanika Assavarittirong First page: 495 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The sale and utilization of dietary and fitness supplements in America, with industry revenue totaling 140.3 billion in 2020 alone, has proven significant. Unfortunately, these supplements are not held to high standards of manufacturing or marketing, leading to ethical, financial, and physiological repercussions for consumers. Aim: The aim of this study is to discuss specific examples of a prevalent issue within the supplementation industry; we suggest the implementation of regulatory processes in the sale and marketing of such products. Methods: Studies from 2007 to 2021 which illustrate positive or negative effects of specific supplements based on gross revenue or a high level of publicity were analyzed. Results: Within this paper, we outline potential regulations which could assist in mitigating the negative impact that a lack of oversight has precipitated. These regulations include an initial approval request which reviews supplement ingredients, effects, risks, and therapeutic index. Conclusion: If the proposed regulations are introduced, the data collected via supplement applications may be utilized in classifying the supplement by its risk before it is marketed to the general population with supervision by pharmacists when indicated, ultimately reducing the adverse effects of inappropriate supplementation. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-30T06:32:55Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221108145
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Authors:Michail Mantzios, Helen Egan, Deborah J Wallis, Jeffrey Wood First page: 501 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Mindful eating has been described as significant in motivating research and clinical outcomes in weight regulation and healthy eating. The use of psychometric tools to measure mindful eating is problematic, with results often leading to interpretations that are not reflective of mindful eating theory and fundamentals of mindfulness. Aim: In this research, we explored the Mindful Eating Behaviour Scale (MEBS) within a British sample to validate the factorial structure, and widen the use of a scale that appears appropriate for measuring mindful eating. Methods: A community sample (n = 742) was recruited via social media, and the findings supported the factorial structure proposed through the original Dutch sample. Predictive validity was also assessed, with the scale and subscales predicting fat and sugar consumption. Results: Cronbach's α values were acceptable and similar to the original findings, also supporting the internal consistency of the scale. Conclusion: While factorial structure, predictive validity and internal consistency propose a scale that can be adopted with English speaking populations, we propose the potential of furthering scientific inquiry on mindful eating research by highlighting the behavioural aspects of the scale. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-07-25T11:51:37Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221116164
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Authors:Daniel J. Thompsett, Kaila A Vento, Cheryl Der Ananian, David Hondula, Floris C Wardenaar First page: 509 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundNo study has evaluated the effect of macronutrient feedings on golf performance.AimDetermine the effect of feedings during simulated golf game using a randomized cross-over study design.MethodsMale participants (n = 6, USGA handicap index 8.5 ± 6.72) played three standardized nine-hole rounds, consuming 30 g of carbohydrate, 15 g + 15 g protein and carbohydrate, or a zero-calorie control. Measurements of driving, chipping, and putting distance and accuracy were taken, as well as perceived levels of fatigue and alertness.ResultsNo relevant differences (P > 0.05) were seen in golf performance or alertness, but self-reported fatigue differed between conditions (P = 0.02), with scores of 2.5 (0.8 to 3.6) for the combination of carbohydrate and protein, 3.0 (1.5 to 4.3) for carbohydrate, and 4.0 (2.9 to 6.5) for the control, with higher levels indicating more fatigue.ConclusionMacronutrient feedings led to a significantly lower level of self-reported fatigue without affecting golf performance and alertness compared to a control. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-06-24T06:11:56Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221110367
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Authors:Zahra Mirzaei-Azandaryani, Somyieh Abdolalipour, Mojgan Mirghafourvand First page: 515 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Poor sleep quality is a common problem in the general population that affects the quality of life of individuals. Aim: This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D on sleep quality (primary outcome) and side effects (secondary outcome). Methods: A systematic search was performed using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran databases with no limit at the time of publication. Cochrane collaboration instrument was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RevMan software was used for meta-analysis. Mean Difference was calculated due to the same sleep quality measurement tools in all studies. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I-squared ([math]). Due to high heterogeneity ([math] > 75%), Random Effect was used instead of Fixed Effect. Results: Out of a total of 1637 titles and abstracts found, after removing duplicate items (23 items), 1596 items were removed due to irrelevance and lack of inclusion criteria. 18 articles were fully studied due to insufficient abstract information and finally, 5 articles were entered into systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the use of vitamin D supplementation significantly improves sleep quality (MD: −1.32; 95%CI: −2.55 to −0.09; P = 0.04). Conclusions: Also, according to the findings of this study, receiving vitamin D supplementation did not cause any side effects. According to the results of this review study, sleep quality in people receiving vitamin D significantly improved compared to the control group. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-17T05:19:23Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082367
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Authors:Cummins-Williams Kirsty, Hickson Mary, Jonathan Sumner First page: 527 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: To examine the relationship of vitamin B12 and folate concentrations to cognitive function, fatigue measures, physical function, quality of life (patient-centred outcomes) and homocysteine plasma concentrations (intermediate marker of cobalamin and folate deficiency) for patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: Systematic searches for eligible articles of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and OpenGray databases were conducted from 1983 in March 2021. Heterogeneity, Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and Confidence Intervals (CI) calculated using Random Effects Model. Results: Sixteen studies were included involving; 616 MS patients and 655 healthy controls. 14 of these had acceptable or better quality but there was high heterogeneity. No difference was found between MS, healthy controls for folate and cobalamin concentrations; WMD 0.00ug/L (95% CI: −0.01, 0.01) and WMD 7.01pmol/L (95% CI: −25.54, 39.55) respectively. MS group showed mild-to-moderate disability WMD was 2.78 (95% CI: 2.00, 3.56). MS may be associated with elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations on average 2.47µmol/L more than healthy controls. Discussion: Physical ability of MS group was worse than healthy controls, but there was no difference in folate and cobalamin concentrations. This suggests folate and cobalamin are not influential factors in worsening physical function. There may be an association between worse cognitive function, and increased homocysteine concentrations. Results were inconclusive due to high heterogeneity and limited number of studies. A core outcome set would enable easier synthesis of future results. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-07T04:31:21Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221080240
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Authors:Joseph Whittaker, Miranda Harris First page: 543 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Low-carbohydrate diets may have endocrine effects, although individual studies are conflicting. Therefore, a review was conducted on the effects of low- versus high-carbohydrate diets on men's testosterone and cortisol. Methods: The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021255957). The inclusion criteria were: intervention study, healthy adult males, and low-carbohydrate diet: ≤35% carbohydrate. Eight databases were searched from conception to May 2021. Cochrane's risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. Random-effects, meta-analyses using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, were performed with Review Manager. Subgroup analyses were conducted for diet duration, protein intake, and exercise duration. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included, with a total of 309 participants. Short-term ( Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-07T04:31:37Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221083079
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Authors:Kelly A Higgins, Xiaoyu Bi, Benjamin JK Davis, Leila M Barraj, Carolyn G Scrafford, Mary M Murphy First page: 621 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Dairy products are a rich source of nutrients of public health concern, though most women do not meet the recommended intake of 3 cup-eq/day. Aim: The objective of this analysis was to examine micronutrient adequacy among pregnant women in the US by level of dairy consumption. Methods: Pregnant women (n = 791) ages 20–44 years in NHANES 2003–2016 were categorized by level of dairy consumption ( Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-02-08T11:20:45Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060211072325
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Authors:Ella Moore, Abdulmannan Fadel, Katie E. Lane First page: 647 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundCOVID-19 severity is strongly associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥25kg/m2) amongst adults and elevated inflammatory markers have enabled prediction of disease progression. The composition of a Mediterranean diet provides favourable outcomes on weight reduction and inflammatory markers.AimThis systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers of obese/overweight adults (≥18 years) at risk of developing severe COVID-19 outcomes.MethodsPubMed Central, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials published between January 2010 to August 2021 evaluating the impact of Mediterranean diet on BMI and inflammatory markers in overweight/obese adults. The review followed the PRISMA checklist, used Cochrane Collaboration search strategies, and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021277070). Two authors independently screened and evaluated studies for methodological quality. Papers were extracted and included based eligibility, despite risk of bias scores.ResultsOf 65 extracted records, six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Reductions in BMI, TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were reported amongst most findings, the majority of which were significant.ConclusionThe main findings indicate a hypocaloric, fibre dense Mediterranean diet is a short-term ( Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-22T04:54:35Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221127853
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Authors:Cinthia Rejane Corrêa, Bruno Gonçalves Galdino da Costa, Talissa Dezanetti, Richard Emanuel Filipini, Everson Araújo Nunes First page: 701 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has promoted changes in lifestyle behaviors, such as food consumption, sleep, and physical activity (PA). Few longitudinal studies have investigated these changes in young adults. Aim: This study aimed to assess lifestyle behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in young adult males. Methods: 50 young adult males (18–35 years) recruited by posters and social media in Florianopolis, Brazil, provided data on food consumption, PA, and sleep in 2018–2019 (baseline) and during the pandemic in 2020 (follow-up). PA and sleep variables were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Food records were used to evaluate food consumption. Weight was measured using Bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and using self-reported at follow-up. Multilevel linear regression models and generalized linear multilevel were used to test differences between baseline and follow-up. Results: The findings indicated significant changes at follow-up, compared to baseline. Decreased consumption of total fat (β = −13.32, 95% CI (−22.45; −4.18), p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-02T01:19:47Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221081653
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Authors:Jennifer A. Andersen, Brett Rowland, Erin Gloster, Don E. Willis, Nestor Hernandez, Holly C. Felix, Christopher R. Long, Pearl A. McElfish First page: 711 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: Understanding the relationship between physical activity, diet, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic may help inform resources encouraging healthy lifestyle choices during the time of an increased threat to health and wellbeing. Aim: Our objective was to examine how self-rated mental health was associated with engagement in physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study utilized cross-sectional survey data from adults (≥18 years of age) living, working, and/or receiving healthcare in Arkansas (n = 754). Multivariable regression models were used to examine the associations between self-rated mental health and the number of days respondents engaged in 30 min of physical activity and the number of days respondents consumed five or more servings of fruits and vegetables. Results: Respondents who reported somewhat poor/poor mental health reported engaging in at least 30 min of physical activity fewer days per week (β = -.77, p = .018) compared with those reporting excellent mental health, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and self-rated health. The significant association observed in the first two models between mental health and number of days consuming five or more servings of fruits and vegetables became non-significant after inclusion of self-rated health. Conclusion: The relationship between mental health and physical activity and diet reaffirms a need for healthcare providers to promote the importance of maintaining both a healthy physical activity level and a nutrient-rich diet in the face of challenging circumstances, such as a global pandemic. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-02T01:20:13Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221082362
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Authors:Melissa D. Olfert, Rachel A. Wattick, Emily G. Saurborn, Rebecca L. Hagedorn First page: 721 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic can cause in increase in stress experienced by college students and consequently, potentially adversely affect their health behaviours. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate how COVID-19 impacted college-attending young adults diet quality and physical activity. Methods: Students attending an Appalachian university in spring 2020 participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were surveyed on their eating habits, diet quality, and physical activity before and since COVID-19. Frequencies of responses were analyzed and Bowker's test was used to determine differences in responses before and since COVID-19. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: Almost one third (32.6%) of students reported eating somewhat more since COVID-19 and 67.9% of these students stated it was due to boredom. Students showed a significant increase in frequency of eating and in consumption of almost every food group. The number of students engaging in low physical activity increased from 27.8% to 51.9% and the number of students engaging in high physical activity decreased from 59.5% to 34.0% (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-03-18T08:17:26Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221086772
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Authors:Randeep S Heer, Preeti Sandhu, Charlotte Wenban, Amit K J Mandal, Constantinos G Missouris First page: 733 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The public are increasingly reliant on the internet and media to access healthcare related information during the Covid-19 pandemic. Vitamin D is essential for musculoskeletal and immune health, with daily supplementation advised by public health bodies. Several studies assessing a possible link between vitamin D and Covid-19 severity have arrived at conflicting results and news articles have been rapidly disseminating such research to the public. There has been little focus on studying the quality of information available. Aim: To identify if online search interest in vitamin D increased with pandemic burden and analyse the accuracy of public health messaging relating to vitamin D in online news articles. Methods: Online search interest data for vitamin D was correlated with pandemic burden, defined as the number of Covid-19 deaths. Online news articles discussing vitamin D and Covid-19 were analysed using qualitative coding. Results: Online search interest for vitamin D increased as pandemic burden increased (p Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-04-01T06:30:04Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090293
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Authors:Yi Liang Lo, Siew Siew Lee, Shi-Hui Cheng First page: 741 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the eating behaviours of people especially fruits and vegetable intake. No study has addressed the fruits and vegetables intake during the COVID-19 in Malaysia. Aim: to assess the daily intake of fruits and vegetables among Malaysian adults during the COVID-19 outbreak, perceived changes in intake, as well as factors associated with the changes in intake. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through online platforms and a total of 506 participants were recruited. Semi food-frequency questionnaires were used to assess participants’ fruit and vegetable intake. Socio-demographics information, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of fruits and vegetables were collected. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: The majority of participants (99.8%) did not achieve the recommended five servings per day, in which they consumed an average of 0.84 servings of fruits and vegetables per day. 46.4% of participants reported no changes in intake compared to before the outbreak. Fruits and vegetables intake was associated with physical activity level, knowledge, and beliefs of foods that may prevent/cure COVID-19. Binary logistic regression identified two significant risk factors of daily fruits and vegetables intake namely, being a non-Chinese (AOR = 1.905, 95% CI = 1.114–3.257) and having good practices scores (AOR = 2.543, 95% CI = 1.611–4.015). Conclusion: The study found a low daily intake of fruits and vegetables. The findings suggested that nutritional interventions are necessary to improve awareness on consuming more fruits and vegetables to improve overall health. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-06T03:28:54Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221099782
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Authors:Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Eva A Goyena,
Ma Lynell V Maniego First page: 751 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. BackgroundMaternal, infant and young child health and nutrition are affected during the COVID-19 pandemic.AimThis study aimed to present the snapshot situation of maternal health practices of pregnant women including infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices of children under two during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA rapid nutrition assessment survey (RNAS) was conducted through phone interview in nine selected areas from November 3 to December 3, 2020. A multi-stage sampling design was employed in the selection of areas with low, medium, and high risk categories across the islands of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao in the Philippines. A total of 792 mother-child pairs, and 148 pregnant women were covered.ResultsMajority (84.5%) of pregnant women availed pre-natal check-ups, 82.4% of them had micronutrient supplements, of which 20.5% took IFA tablets. Almost 60.0% of children under two were currently breastfed during the pandemic, with 60.8% of infants less than 6 months receiving breastmilk exclusively. Appropriate complementary feeding practices based on this study were not drastically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, access to pregnancy-related information, along with breastfeeding and complementary feeding messages and advice were disrupted during the community lockdown.ConclusionAlthough maternal and child feeding practices were unchanged, innovative delivery of community health and nutrition services such as tele-visits by midwives, and community health workers are some of the ways to move forward in improving the health and nutrition of women and children in the wake of the pandemic and during subsequent waves. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-05-23T06:18:15Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221103004
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Authors:Adekunle Folorunso, Fareedah Olu-Lawal, Saheed Omoniyi First page: 761 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: A healthy diet can ensure a robust immune system that can resist any onslaught by viruses and bacteria. Aim: To assess the nutritional knowledge and consumption patterns of immunity boosting foods of adults before & after the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown periods and the effect of the lockdown on daily food intake among respondents in selected towns in Osun state. Methods: Cross sectional data was collected from six largest local governments areas purposively selected from the three senatorial districts of Osun State (n = 1000) using a well-structured, self-administered questionnaire and the data collected was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation test The study assessed the food intakes of adults using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Results: The results indicated that the majority (89.8%) of the respondents had high knowledge of the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Daily food intake was affected by COVID-19 lockdown, consumption of healthy food among the respondents was high during lockdown as 77% strongly agreed that vitamins and minerals supplement can be considered healthy and immunity boosting, while there was a reduction in the consumption of healthy foods after the lockdown periods. The test of hypothesis showed that the occurrence of pandemic and nutritional knowledge had a significant relationship with the consumption of healthy foods. Conclusion: This study extends and confirms previous research on high nutritional knowledge of immunity-boosting foods in relation to COVID-19 among the respondents and a general reduction in the consumption of healthy foods after the COVID −19 lockdown periods. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-08-29T06:50:10Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221122153
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Authors:Sumon Ganguli, Sabbir Howlader, Kamol Dey, Suman Barua, Md. Nazrul Islam, Afroza Begum, Md. Abdus Sobahan, Rivu Raj Chakraborty, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader, Paritosh Kumar Biswas First page: 771 Abstract: Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print. Background: It was assumed that dietary habits might influence the status of COVID-19 patients. Aim: We aimed at the identification of association of dietary habits with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study (n = 1025). We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to correlate the association between self-reported dietary patterns and COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Results: Dietary habits (black tea, milked tea, pickles, black caraway seeds, honey, fish, fruits, vegetables, garlic, onion and turmeric) were identified with lower risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Interestingly, the consumption frequency (one-, two- or three-times/day) of rice - the staple food in Bangladesh - was not associated with COVID-19 severity and hospitalization for comorbid patients. In contrast, a moderate rice-eating habit (two times/day) was strongly associated with the lower risk of severity and hospitalization for non-comorbid patients. However, for both comorbid and non-comorbid patients, consumption of black tea, milked tea, pickles and honey were associated with a lower likelihood of severity and hospitalization. Overall, a high consumption (three-times/day) of fish, fruits and vegetables, a moderate consumption of garlic, onion and turmeric spices and a daily intake of black/milked tea, and honey were associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Conclusions: To reduce the severity of COVID-19, a habitual practice of intaking black tea, milked tea, black caraway seeds and honey along with dietary habit (rice, fish and vegetables) and with a moderate consumption of ginger, garlic, onion, mixed aromatic spices (cinnamon + cardamom + cloves) and turmeric might be suggested. Citation: Nutrition and Health PubDate: 2022-09-06T11:14:05Z DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124068
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