 Subjects -> NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (Total: 201 journals)
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- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3993: Correction: Dahill et al. Associations
between Parents’ Body Weight/Shape Comments and Disordered Eating
Amongst Adolescents over Time—A Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2023,
15, 1419
Authors: Lucy M. Dahill, Phillipa Hay, Natalie M. V. Morrison, Stephen Touyz, Deborah Mitchison, Kay Bussey, Haider Mannan
First page: 3993
Abstract: There was an error in the original publication [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183993
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3994: Experiential Culinary, Nutrition and Food
Systems Education Improves Knowledge and Confidence in Future Health
Professionals
Authors: Katherine Shafto, Natalie Vandenburgh, Qi Wang, Jenny Breen
First page: 3994
Abstract: The food system plays a crucial role in the relationship between environmental, population and individual health. While leading healthcare and environmental organizations call for urgent action to address climate–planetary–human health crises, it is often challenging for healthcare organizations to respond at a systems level to these concerns. Additionally, there is little consensus and limited research exploring how future health professionals should be trained in order to work at both the individual and systems level to address or prevent the negative health impacts related to the current food system. The intervention of a 6-week, hands-on cooking and nutrition course for graduate health professional students which examines these intersections and equips students with clinically applicable skills was examined using matched pre- and post-course surveys and thematic analysis of reflective assignments. Results indicate improved knowledge and confidence in areas including understanding the food system, guiding patients through dietary change, working interprofessionally, and applying basic nutrition concepts to clinical practice.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183994
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3995: Examining the Triple Burden of
Malnutrition: Insights from a Community-Based Comprehensive Nutrition
Survey among Indigenous Tribal Children (0–19 Years) in the Western
Ghats Hills of India
Authors: Abdul Jaleel, N. Arlappa, K. Sree Ramakrishna, P. V. Sunu, G. Jayalakshmi, G. Neeraja, D. Narasimhulu, T. Santhosh Kumar, Senthil B. Kumar
First page: 3995
Abstract: This article presents findings from a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Attappadi, Kerala, India, aimed at assessing the prevalence of the triple burden of malnutrition among indigenous children aged 0–19 years. Historically, the indigenous population in Attappadi has faced significant developmental challenges, including high rates of malnutrition, infant mortality, and neonatal mortality. This study revealed alarming rates of undernutrition among children aged 0–59 months, with 40.9% experiencing stunting, 27.4% wasting, and 48.3% being underweight. Adolescent girls also suffered from undernutrition, with 21% classified as underweight and 43.3% experiencing stunting. Surprisingly, overweight or obesity was identified as a nutritional problem, affecting 1.4% of children aged 0–59 months, 4.2% of children aged 5–9 years, and 10.5% of adolescent girls. Additionally, a distressing proportion of young children aged 12–59 months (91.2%) were anaemic, with 50% diagnosed specifically with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Nearly all adolescent girls (96.6%) were reportedly suffering from anaemia. Deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin D, folate, and vitamin-A were prevalent among 35%, 20%, 16%, and 12% of children aged 12–59 months, respectively. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address this triple burden of malnutrition. Recommendations include promoting culturally appropriate local food-based solutions, establishing participatory and community-led systems for health and nutrition information dissemination, and strengthening the nutrition surveillance system through village-level health and nutrition workers. By adopting a holistic approach, these interventions can help improve the nutritional status and well-being of the indigenous tribal children in Attappadi.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183995
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3996: Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold Prevents
Osteoclast Differentiation and Osteoporosis
Authors: Sung-Ju Lee, Seon-A Jang, Seong Cheol Kim, Dong Ryun Gu, Hyun Yang, Jin Ah Ryuk, Hyunil Ha
First page: 3996
Abstract: Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold, a traditional medicinal plant, has been used in China and several other Asian countries to address a variety of health concerns. The extensive research conducted on E. alatus is driven by its diverse pharmacological applications. However, its biological effects on osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis have not been previously studied. In this research, we investigated the impact of an ethanolic extract of E. alatus (EEEA) on osteoclast differentiation and function as well as estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. We found that EEEA inhibits osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoclast-supporting cells and by directly impeding RANKL-mediated signaling pathways for osteoclastogenesis in precursor cells. In addition, EEEA inhibited the bone-resorptive function of mature osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of EEEA significantly alleviated bone loss in an ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis mouse model. Additionally, we identified phytochemicals in EEEA that have suppressive effects on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. Collectively, these results suggest that EEEA holds potential as a biotherapeutic candidate for anti-postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183996
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3997: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Artificially
Sweetened Beverages Consumption and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
(NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Tung-Sung Tseng, Wei-Ting Lin, Peng-Sheng Ting, Chiung-Kuei Huang, Po-Hung Chen, Gabrielle V. Gonzalez, Hui-Yi Lin
First page: 3997
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are fast becoming the most common chronic liver disease and are often preventable with healthy dietary habits and weight management. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with obesity and NAFLD. However, the impact of different types of SSBs, including artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), is not clear after controlling for total sugar intake and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the consumption of different SSBs and the risk of NAFLD and NASH in US adults. The representativeness of 3739 US adults aged ≥20 years old who had completed 24 h dietary recall interviews and measurements, including dietary, SSBs, smoking, physical activity, and liver stiffness measurements, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 surveys. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and weighted logistic regression models were utilized for analyses. The prevalence of NASH was 20.5%, and that of NAFLD (defined without NASH) was 32.7% of US. adults. We observed a higher prevalence of NASH/NAFLD in men, Mexican-Americans, individuals with sugar intake from SSBs, light–moderate alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, higher energy intake, obesity, and medical comorbidities. Heavy sugar consumption through SSBs was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.45). In addition, the intake of ASBs only (compared to the non-SSB category) was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.04–3.05), after adjusting for demographic, risk behaviors, and body mass index. A higher sugar intake from SSBs and exclusive ASB intake are both associated with the risk of NAFLD.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183997
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3998: Effect of a Telephone-Based Lifestyle
Intervention on Weight, Body Composition, and Metabolic Biomarkers in
Rural Ohio: Results from a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Xiaochen Zhang, Victoria R. DeScenza, Zachary L. Chaplow, Megan Kilar, Jessica Bowman, Alex Buga, Madison L. Kackley, Abigail B. Shoben, Ashley S. Felix, Electra D. Paskett, Brian C. Focht
First page: 3998
Abstract: Rural residents experience higher rates of obesity, obesity-related chronic diseases, and poorer lifestyle. Promoting physical activity and healthy eating are critical for rural residents; however, lack of resources and access barriers limit the feasibility of in-person lifestyle interventions. There is a need to design and deliver remotely accessible lifestyle interventions in this population. This pilot study examined the effect of a telephone-based lifestyle intervention on weight, body composition, lipids, and inflammatory biomarkers among rural Ohio residents. Rural Ohio adults with overweight/obesity (n = 40) were 2:1 randomized to a 15-week telephone-based lifestyle intervention (n = 27) or control group (n = 13). The lifestyle intervention group received weekly telephone counseling sessions emphasizing healthy eating and increasing physical activity. The control group received educational brochures describing physical activity and dietary recommendations. Weight, body composition, fasting blood lipids, and inflammatory biomarkers were objectively measured at baseline and 15 weeks at local community centers (trial registration#: NCT05040152 at ClinicalTrial.gov). Linear mixed models were used to examine change over time by group. Participants were mostly female, with an average age of 49 years. Over the 15-week trial, the lifestyle intervention showed superior improvements in total cholesterol (∆ = −18.7 ± 7.8 mg/dL, p = 0.02) and LDL (∆ = −17.1 ± 8.1 mg/dL, p = 0.04) vs. control, whereas no significant between-group differences in weight, body composition, or inflammation were observed. Our findings suggest that a 15-week telephone-based lifestyle intervention may offer metabolic benefits that reduce disease risk in rural adults with obesity. Future large-scale studies are needed to determine the efficacy of remotely accessible lifestyle interventions in rural populations, with the goal of reducing obesity-related disparities.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183998
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 3999: A Specific Carbohydrate Diet Virtual
Teaching Kitchen Curriculum Promotes Knowledge and Confidence in
Caregivers of Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Nancy Rivera, Kaylie Nguyen, Venus Kalami, Feifei Qin, Maya B. Mathur, Rebecca Blankenburg, Ann Ming Yeh
First page: 3999
Abstract: Diet-based approaches such as the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) have proposed health benefits for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Despite its potential effectiveness, patients and caregivers identified barriers towards implementing the SCD, and a majority expressed interest in formal education surrounding the SCD. This study aimed to determine the impact of a virtual teaching kitchen curriculum on caregivers’ knowledge and perspectives on implementing the SCD. Inclusion criteria included pediatric patients with IBD aged 3–21 years and their caregivers. Participants should have fewer than 12 months of experience with the SCD or have no experience with the SCD but with an interest in learning it. Twenty-three caregivers took part in a 90-min virtual teaching kitchen curriculum and completed pre- and post-session surveys. Caregivers had statistically significant increases in total curriculum scores (p < 0.0001) as well as increases in all curricular elements post-curriculum teaching. Caregivers indicated that they plan to apply the newly acquired recipes and cooking concepts and appreciated the encouragement and support they received during the course. Curricular strengths identified included the innovative multimodal curriculum structure and professional and community support. IBD centers can use this pilot study to create or expand SCD and other nutritional curricula for the IBD community.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183999
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4000: Seeding the Infant Gut in Early
Life—Effects of Maternal and Infant Seeding with Probiotics on
Strain Transfer, Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy
Breastfed Infants
Authors: Cathrine Melsaether, Diana Høtoft, Anja Wellejus, Gerben D. A. Hermes, Anders Damholt
First page: 4000
Abstract: We investigated the effects of two dosing regimens of two multi-strain probiotic products on the gut microbiota of breastfed infants, including the transfer of the dosed strains and clinical outcomes. In forty-seven dyads, infants were either exposed through maternal intake (MS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Bifin02 from gestational week thirty-three until four weeks after birth (n = 24) or dosed directly (IS) with the same strains except for LA-5 starting within 24 h after birth until day 28 (n = 23). Infant stool samples were collected on day 0, 14, 28, and 42 after birth. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by parents using an electronic diary. Microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and strain recovery was analyzed by qPCR. Notably, 100% of the IS infants were colonized with Bifin02 after 14 days as opposed to only 25% of the MS infants. Mean stool frequency was significantly lower in IS infants compared to MS infants and IS infants had softer stools on day 14, 28, and 42. A significantly steeper slope of progression of inconsolable crying and fussing was observed in MS infants compared to IS infants. In conclusion, direct infant seeding induced a faster increase in fecal bifidobacteria abundancy and Bifin02 recovery compared to dosed through the maternal intake.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184000
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4001: Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labelling Schemes:
Where Are We Now'
Authors: Antonis Zampelas
First page: 4001
Abstract: The development of nutritional policies plays a vital role in health promotion [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184001
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4002: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 124
Modulates Sleep Deprivation-Associated Markers of Intestinal Barrier
Dysfunction in Mice in Conjunction with the Regulation of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Longyan Li, Lei Wu, Tong Jiang, Tingting Liang, Lingshuang Yang, Ying Li, He Gao, Jumei Zhang, Xinqiang Xie, Qingping Wu
First page: 4002
Abstract: Intestinal diseases caused by sleep deprivation (SD) are severe public health threats worldwide. However, whether or not probiotics attenuate the intestinal damage associated with SD remains unclear. In this study, we used antibiotic pretreatment and fecal microbiota transplantation to investigate the protective role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) 124 against SD-related intestinal barrier damage in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with those of a normal sleeping mouse, we observed that intestinal antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased, while pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in sleep deprivation mice with an increasing duration of sleep deprivation. This resulted in decreased tight junction protein expression and increased intestinal barrier permeability. In contrast, intragastric administration with L. plantarum 124 reversed SD-associated intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, colonic barrier damage, and the dysbiosis of the microbiota in the colon. In addition, L. plantarum 124 restored gut microbiota homeostasis via restoring abundance, including that of Dubosiella, Faecalibaculum, Bacillus, Lachnoclostridium, and Bifidobacterium. Further studies showed that gut microbiota mediated SD-associated intestinal damage and the treatment L. plantarum 124 in SD-associated colonic barrier damage. L. plantarum 124 is a potential candidate for alleviating SD-associated intestinal barrier damage. Overall, L. plantarum 124 consumption attenuates intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal barrier damage in SD-associated mice via the modulation of gut microbes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184002
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4003: Dietary Intake of Protein and Essential
Amino Acids for Sustainable Muscle Development in Elite Male Athletes
Authors: Marius Baranauskas, Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė, Rimantas Stukas
First page: 4003
Abstract: Athletes need to develop a relatively high muscle mass and low body adipose tissue for the sake of better athletic performance. A full range of nine essential amino acids and eleven non-essential amino acids have to attend in appropriate amounts for protein biosynthesis. The aim of the observational comparative cross-sectional study was to assess the association between the diet quality profile and training-induced muscle mass estimated by bioelectrical impedance among elite male athletes. The research sample comprised 18.1 ± 3.1 year-old Lithuanian professional male athletes (n = 234). The study participants were enrolled to complete 24-h dietary recalls of three non-consecutive days. The body composition was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The present study showed a significant insufficiency of the mean carbohydrate intake of 5.7 g/kg/day in a group of aerobic male athletes. The lower muscle mass of aerobic male athletes was related to the lower-carbohydrate diet (adjusted odd ratio (ORadj) 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1–0.7). The mean protein intake of 1.8 g/kg/day was optimal for anabolism in the samples of both anaerobic and aerobic male athletes. The protein intake in appropriate doses was potentially associated with an increase in muscle mass only in anaerobic male athletes (ORadj 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3–3.7). The positive relationship was revealed between the possible muscle mass gain and the increased intakes of amino acids such as isoleucine and histidine among anaerobic athletes (ORadj 2.9; 95% CI: 1.1–4.7 and ORadj 2.9; 95% CI: 1.0–4.3), respectively). An inverse feasible association was indicated between a higher intake of valine and lower muscle mass quantities among anaerobic male athletes (ORadj 0.1; 95% CI: 0.1–0.5). The recommendations for sports nutritionists should emphasize the necessity of advising professional athletes on dietary strategies on how to manipulate dietary amino acid composition with respect to achieving long-term body composition goals.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184003
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4004: Formula Feeding Is Associated with Rapid
Weight Gain between 6 and 12 Months of Age: Highlighting the Importance of
Developing Specific Recommendations to Prevent Overfeeding
Authors: Jigna M. Dharod, Kristen S. McElhenny, Jasmine M. DeJesus
First page: 4004
Abstract: We examined differences in mean daily calorie intake and rapid weight gain risk among 6- to 12-month-old infants by milk feeding status: breastmilk only, breastmilk and formula (combined), or formula only. Another objective was to determine what frequency and amount of formula fed were associated with overfeeding among infants. Mother–infant dyads (n = 240) were recruited from a pediatric clinic mainly serving Medicaid recipients. At 6, 9, and 12 months of infants’ age, 24 h feeding recalls were conducted using the multiple-pass method. Infant weight measurements were accessed from clinic records to estimate rapid weight gain between 6 and 12 months. Among the participants, 82% received WIC. More than half of the participants were either African American or Latino by race/ethnicity. Calorie intake among formula-only fed infants was higher than in the other two milk feeding groups. One-fourth of the infants were experiencing rapid weight gain, and the risk was 3-fold higher among formula-only fed infants. Exceeding daily calorie requirements or overfeeding was associated with both formula amount and the frequency of feeding (p < 0.01). Specific guidelines and education on formula feeding practices are critical to prevent accelerated growth among infants. Gaining further understanding on parenting style and formula feeding practices is also warranted.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-15
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184004
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4005: Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk
of Overweight or Obesity in Chinese Adults: Chinese Food Consumption
Survey 2017–2020
Authors: Feng Pan, Tongwei Zhang, Weifeng Mao, Fanglei Zhao, Dechun Luan, Jianwen Li
First page: 4005
Abstract: Overweight and obesity have increased rapidly in the past few decades in China, and less research has focused on the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of UPF consumption with the risk of overweight or obesity in Chinese adults. Residents aged 18 years and above who participated in the nationally representative survey Chinese Food Consumption Survey in 2017–2020 were included in this study. Dietary intake data were collected via non-consecutive three-day 24 h dietary recalls and weighing household foods and condiments. According to the NOVA food classification system, UPFs were classified depending on the purpose and extent of food processing. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate-adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regressions were performed to estimate the association between UPF consumption (categorized into quartiles: quartile 1 (Q1), quartile 2 (Q2), quartile 3 (Q3), and quartile 4 (Q4)) and risk of overweight or obesity. A total of 38,658 adults aged 18 years and above participated in the present study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults was 33.0% (95% CI: 32.91–33.10) and 9.6% (95% CI 9.55–9.67), respectively. After a multivariable adjustment, the risk of overweight or obesity was increased by 10% in Q3 (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17) compared to Q1 as a reference. Women (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20) and adults living in small and medium-sized cities (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.26) with higher UPF consumption had higher odds of overweight or obesity. Nevertheless, the effect of higher UPF consumption on the risk of overweight or obesity was relatively weak for overall adults in China. The top three categories of subgroups consumption of UPFs were 1: sugar-sweetened beverages; 2: sauces, cheeses, spreads, and gravies; and 3: ultra-processed breads and breakfast cereals. These findings provide evidence that higher UPF consumption was positively associated with overweight or obesity, which was defined based on Chinese criteria among women and adults living in small and medium-sized cities in China. Further studies, such as intervention trials, are needed to identify the mechanism of correlation between the consumption of UPFs and health-related outcomes in Chinese adults. From a public health perspective, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity growing and the increase in UPF consumption in Chinese adults, it is necessary to promote healthy food intake and a balanced diet through active nutritional education actions for overweight and obesity prevention and control.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184005
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4006: Effects of Maternal Stress on Breast Milk
Production and the Microbiota of Very Premature Infants
Authors: María del Carmen Fernández-Tuñas, Alejandro Pérez-Muñuzuri, Rocío Trastoy-Pena, María Luisa Pérez del Molino, María L. Couce
First page: 4006
Abstract: Perinatal stress experienced by mothers of very premature newborns may influence the mother’s milk and the infant’s intestinal microbiota. This prospective study of mothers of very preterm infants fed with mother’s own milk (MOM) was carried out in a tertiary hospital over a 2-year period. The assessment of maternal stress in 45 mothers of 52 very preterm newborns using the parental stress scale (PSS:NICU) revealed an inverse relationship between stress and MOM production in the first days of life (p = 0.012). The greatest contributor to stress was the one related to the establishment of a mother–child bond. Maternal stress was lower in mothers in whom the kangaroo method was established early (p = 0.011) and in those with a higher educational level (p = 0.032). Levels of fecal calprotectin (FC) decreased with the passage of days and were directly correlated with birthweight (p = 0.044). FC levels 7 days post-delivery were lower in newborns that received postnatal antibiotics (p = 0.027). High levels of maternal stress resulted in progressive decreases and increases in the proportions of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria species, respectively, over 15 days post-delivery, both in MOM and in fecal samples from premature newborns. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and appropriately managing maternal stress in neonatal units, given its marked influence on both the microbiota of maternal milk and the intestinal microbiota of premature newborns.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184006
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4007: Calorie Compensation Patterns Observed in
App-Based Food Diaries
Authors: Amruta Pai, Ashutosh Sabharwal
First page: 4007
Abstract: Self-regulation of food intake is necessary for maintaining a healthy body weight. One of the characteristics of self-regulation is calorie compensation. Calorie compensation refers to adjusting the current meal’s energy content based on the energy content of the previous meal(s). Preload test studies measure a single instance of compensation in a controlled setting. The measurement of calorie compensation in free-living conditions has largely remained unexplored. This paper proposes a methodology that leverages extensive app-based observational food diary data to measure an individual’s calorie compensation profile in free-living conditions. Instead of a single compensation index followed in preload–test studies, we present the compensation profile as a distribution of days a user exhibits under-compensation, overcompensation, non-compensation, and precise compensation. We applied our methodology to the public food diary data of 1622 MyFitnessPal users. We empirically established that four weeks of food diaries were sufficient to characterize a user’s compensation profile accurately. We observed that meal compensation was more likely than day compensation. Dinner compensation had a higher likelihood than lunch compensation. Precise compensation was the least likely. Users were more likely to overcompensate for missing calories than for additional calories. The consequences of poor compensatory behavior were reflected in their adherence to their daily calorie goal. Our methodology could be applied to food diaries to discover behavioral phenotypes of poor compensatory behavior toward forming an early behavioral marker for weight gain.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184007
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4008: Discounting of Hyper-Palatable Food and
Money: Associations with Food Addiction Symptoms
Authors: Joseph S. Bellitti, Tera L. Fazzino
First page: 4008
Abstract: Introduction: Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to prefer small, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards, is associated with health-risk behaviors. The study examined associations between DD for money and hyper-palatable foods (HPF) with food addiction (FA) symptoms among a general population sample. Methods: Participants (N = 296) completed an adjusting DD task that consisted of a single-commodity condition with HPF as the reward (HPF now vs. HPF later) and cross-commodity conditions comparing money and HPF (money now vs. HPF later; HPF now vs. money later). The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was used to assess FA symptoms. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models tested whether discounting of HPF and money was associated with FA symptoms. Results: Findings indicated there were no significant associations between DD and FA symptoms in the single-commodity HPF condition (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.650; count: IRR = 1.04, p-value = 0.515). There were no significant associations among cross-commodity conditions comparing money now vs. HPF later (logit: OR = 0.96, p-value = 0.330; count: IRR = 1.02, p-value = 0.729) or conditions comparing HPF now vs. money later (logit: OR = 1.02, p-value = 0.682; count: IRR = 0.92, p-value = 0.128) and FA symptoms. Conclusions: Discounting HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse FA symptoms.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184008
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4009: Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is
Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Severity
Authors: Monica Guglielmetti, Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani, Cinzia Ferraris, Giuseppe Grosso, Simona Fiorini, Eleonora Tavazzi, Giacomo Greco, Alessandro La Malfa, Roberto Bergamaschi, Anna Tagliabue
First page: 4009
Abstract: Currently available data suggest that the union of a balanced diet and an overall healthy lifestyle may determine an amelioration in several clinical parameters and in the quality of life for patients with MS (pwMS). The study objective was to investigate the possible difference in MS severity in a group of Italian patients with MS based on their adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Eating habits were collected through a validated 110-items Food Frequency Questionnaire, the Medi-Lite score was used for adherence to MedDiet evaluation. MS severity was graded according to Herbert’s severity scale, based on the MSSS. 106 patients were classified in 3 groups according to their MedDiet adherence (low/medium/high). Higher adherence was associated with a 6.18 (95% CI: 1.44, 26.59) higher probability of having a mild-to-moderate MS. When studying the single constituents of the Medi-Lite score, none of them was individually associated with MS severity. It remains unclear whether effects of specific dietary components included in the MedDiet may impact the health status at disease onset or can slow down the symptoms due course of disease. Future studies are needed to reproduce our findings and should focus on answering the latter raised question.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184009
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4010: Prostate Cancer Severity in Relation to
Level of Food Processing
Authors: Salvatore Sciacca, Arturo Lo Giudice, Maria Giovanna Asmundo, Sebastiano Cimino, Ali A. Alshatwi, Giuseppe Morgia, Matteo Ferro, Giorgio Ivan Russo
First page: 4010
Abstract: Background: The level of food processing has gained interest as a potential determinant of human health. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of food processing and prostate cancer severity. Methods: A sample of 120 consecutive patients were examined for the following: their dietary habits, assessed through validated food frequency questionnaires; their dietary intake of food groups, categorized according to the NOVA classification; and their severity of prostate cancer, categorized into risk groups according to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the association between the variables of interest. Results: Individuals reporting a higher consumption of unprocessed/minimally processed foods were less likely to have greater prostate cancer severity than those who consumed less of them in the energy-adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–0.84, p = 0.017 and OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91, p = 0.032 for medium/high vs. low grade and high vs. medium/low grade prostate cancers, respectively); however, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the association was not significant anymore. A borderline association was also found between a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods and greater prostate cancer severity in the energy-adjusted model (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 0.998–4.44; p = 0.051), but again the association was not significant anymore after adjusting for the other covariates. Conclusions: The level of food processing seems not to be independently associated with prostate cancer severity, while potentially related to other factors that need further investigation.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184010
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4011: Elevated Erythritol: A Marker of Metabolic
Dysregulation or Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Cardiometabolic
Disease'
Authors: Tagreed A. Mazi, Kimber L. Stanhope
First page: 4011
Abstract: Erythritol is a non-nutritive sugar replacement that can be endogenously produced by humans. Witkowski et al. reported that elevated circulating erythritol is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in three independent cohorts, demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo that erythritol promotes platelet activation, and showed faster clotting time in mice injected with erythritol. It was concluded that erythritol fosters enhanced thrombosis. This narrative review presents additional evidence that needs to be considered when evaluating these data and conclusions. We conducted a search of all studies related to erythritol exposure with focus on those that reported vascular health outcomes. Patients with chronically elevated erythritol levels due to inborn errors of metabolism do not exhibit higher platelet activation or thrombosis risk. Most long-term studies in which animals consumed high levels of erythritol do not support its role in platelet activation and thrombosis formation. Clinical data on the effects of chronic intake of erythritol are limited. Erythritol may be merely a marker of dysregulation in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway caused by impaired glycemia. However, this suggestion and the findings of Witkowski et al. need to be further examined. Clinical trials examining the long-term effects of erythritol consumption on cardiometabolic outcomes are required to test the causality between dietary erythritol and cardiometabolic risk. Until supportive data from these trials are available, it cannot be concluded that dietary erythritol promotes platelet activation, thrombosis, and cardiometabolic risk.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184011
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4012: Validity and Applicability of the Global
Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) Criteria in Patients
Hospitalized for Acute Medical Conditions
Authors: Laia Fontane, Maria Helena Reig, Sonika Garcia-Ribera, Miriam Herranz, Mar Miracle, Juan Jose Chillaron, Araceli Estepa, Silvia Toro, Silvia Ballesta, Humberto Navarro, Gemma Llaurado, Juan Pedro-Botet, David Benaiges
First page: 4012
Abstract: (1) Background: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity and the applicability of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions. (2) Methods: prospective cohort study with patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions. For validation, the methodology proposed by the GLIM group of experts was used. Sensitivity and specificity values greater than 80% with respect to those for the subjective global assessment (SGA) were necessary for concurrent validation. The time necessary to complete each nutritional assessment test was determined. (3) Results: A total of 119 patients were evaluated. The SGA was applied to the entire cohort, but the GLIM criteria could not be applied to 3.4% of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the GLIM criteria with respect to those for the SGA to detect malnutrition were 78.0 and 86.2%, respectively. The GLIM predictive validity criterion was fulfilled because patients with malnutrition more frequently had a hospital stay >10 days (odds ratio of 2.98 (1.21–7.60)). The GLIM criteria required significantly more time for completion than did the SGA (p = 0.006). (4) Conclusion: The results of this study do not support the use of the GLIM criteria over the SGA for the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients hospitalized for acute medical conditions.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184012
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4013: The Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Disease:
Critical Insights to Better Understand Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Edurne Simón, Marta Molero-Luis, Ricardo Fueyo-Díaz, Cristian Costas-Batlle, Paula Crespo-Escobar, Miguel A. Montoro-Huguet
First page: 4013
Abstract: The gluten-free diet (GFD) remains a complex paradigm in managing celiac disease (CeD) in children and adults, and there are many reasons why GFD adherence should be strict to improve outcomes. However, this is a challenging task for patients, since they need to have access to quality healthcare resources that facilitate optimal GFD adherence. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the GFD, tackling coexisting nutritional deficiencies, and dealing with complex situations, such as seronegative CeD or non-responsive CeD, all require the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. The short- and long-term follow-up of CeD patients should preferably be performed by a combined Gastroenterology and Nutrition service with well-defined quality standards and the multidisciplinary involvement of physicians, nurses, dietitians, and psychologists. Nutritional advice and counseling by an experienced dietitian can reduce the costs associated with long-term follow-up of CeD patients. Likewise, psychological interventions may be essential in specific scenarios where implementing and sustaining a lifelong GFD can cause a significant psychological burden for patients. This manuscript aims to provide guidelines to improve clinical practice in the follow-up and monitoring of CeD patients and provide information on the nutritional risks of an ill-advised GFD. Clinicians, biochemists, food technologists, dietitians, and psychologists with a global view of the disease have been involved in its writing.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184013
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4014: The First 1000 Days of Life: How Changes
in the Microbiota Can Influence Food Allergy Onset in Children
Authors: Veronica Notarbartolo, Maurizio Carta, Salvatore Accomando, Mario Giuffrè
First page: 4014
Abstract: Background: Allergic disease, including food allergies (FA)s, has been identified as a major global disease. The first 1000 days of life can be a “window of opportunity” or a “window of susceptibility”, during which several factors can predispose children to FA development. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to infancy may play a pivotal role in this regard: some bacterial genera, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, seem to be protective against FA development. On the contrary, Clostridium and Staphylococcus appear to be unprotective. Methods: We conducted research on the most recent literature (2013–2023) using the PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original papers, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews in English. Case reports, series, and letters were excluded. Results: During pregnancy, the maternal diet can play a fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota composition of newborns. After birth, human milk can promote the development of protective microbial species via human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which play a prebiotic role. Moreover, complementary feeding can modify the gut microbiota’s composition. Conclusions: The first two years of life are a critical period, during which several factors can increase the risk of FA development in genetically predisposed children.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184014
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4015: Optimization of Se- and Zn-Enriched
Mycelium of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler as a Dietary Supplement with
Immunostimulatory Activity
Authors: Małgorzata Kałucka, Aleksander Roszczyk, Marzenna Klimaszewska, Beata Kaleta, Ewelina Drelich, Anna Błażewicz, Sandra Górska-Jakubowska, Eliza Malinowska, Marek Król, Aleksandra Maria Prus, Katarzyna Trześniowska, Aleksandra Wołczyńska, Przemysław Dorożyński, Radosław Zagożdżon, Jadwiga Turło
First page: 4015
Abstract: Mycelial cultures of Lentinula edodes, an edible and medicinal mushroom, have been used in our previous research to obtain selenium-containing immunomodulatory preparations. Our current attempts to obtain a new preparation containing both selenium and zinc, two micronutrients necessary for the functioning of the immune system, extended our interest in the simultaneous accumulation of these elements by mycelia growing in media enriched with selenite and zinc(II) ions. Subsequently, we have studied the effects of new L. edodes mycelium water extracts with different concentrations of selenium and zinc on the activation of T cell fraction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Flow cytometry analysis was used to measure the expression of activation markers on human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated by anti-CD3 and anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies (Abs). It was demonstrated that statistically significant changes were observed for PD-1 and CD25 antigens on CD8+ T cells. The selenium and zinc content in the examined preparations modified the immunomodulatory activity of mycelial polysaccharides; however, the mechanisms of action of various active ingredients in the mycelial extracts seem to be different.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184015
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4016: Chlorogenic Acids, Acting via Calcineurin,
Are the Main Compounds in Centella asiatica Extracts That Mediate
Resilience to Chronic Stress in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Helen Holvoet, Dani M. Long, Liping Yang, Jaewoo Choi, Luke Marney, Burkhard Poeck, Claudia S. Maier, Amala Soumyanath, Doris Kretzschmar, Roland Strauss
First page: 4016
Abstract: Common symptoms of depressive disorders include anhedonia, sleep problems, and reduced physical activity. Drugs used to treat depression mostly aim to increase serotonin signaling but these can have unwanted side effects. Depression has also been treated by traditional medicine using plants like Centella asiatica (CA) and this has been found to be well tolerated. However, very few controlled studies have addressed CA’s protective role in depression, nor have the active compounds or mechanisms that mediate this function been identified. To address this issue, we used Drosophila melanogaster to investigate whether CA can improve depression-associated symptoms like anhedonia and decreased climbing activity. We found that a water extract of CA provides resilience to stress induced phenotypes and that this effect is primarily due to mono-caffeoylquinic acids found in CA. Furthermore, we describe that the protective function of CA is due to a synergy between chlorogenic acid and one of its isomers also present in CA. However, increasing the concentration of chlorogenic acid can overcome the requirement for the second isomer. Lastly, we found that chlorogenic acid acts via calcineurin, a multifunctional phosphatase that can regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity and is also involved in neuronal maintenance.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184016
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4017: Nutrition and Regulation of Muscle Protein
Synthesis
Authors: Sara Salucci
First page: 4017
Abstract: Skeletal muscles are an indispensable actor for daily activities, playing an essential role in locomotion through both the control of posture and position and by joint stabilization [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184017
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4018: Stress during Home Confinement Is
Authors: Abeer M. Aljaadi, Rinal J. Bogis, Nouf A. Alruhili, Saja O. Alharbi, Essra A. Noorwali
First page: 4018
Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced Saudi Arabia to implement several measures including mandatory home confinement, banning entry to many cities, and suspending religious activities. Studies have reported inconsistent findings of the effect of home confinement on lifestyle factors. This study aims to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 during home confinement and explore its association with dietary habits and weight change. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi adults using an online survey between May and June 2020. Data on dietary habits, sleep quality, and stress were collected. Results: A total of n = 503 participants responded. Of 254 analyzed, 87% were females, 49% were overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2), and 79% were under lockdown for >40 days. In multiple linear regression, higher stress scores during confinement were associated with higher stress scores before confinement and poorer sleep quality. In multiple logistic regression, those who did not eat at the same time had higher stress scores compared to those who always ate at the same time, whereas consuming ≥three meals was associated with lower stress scores than consuming one–two meals. The odds of gaining weight during confinement were higher among married adults, those with lower sleep quality, and consuming ≥three meals. Conclusions: Stress during home confinement was associated with eating misalignment and the number of meals consumed. Although this study was limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, it provides valuable insights into the dietary habits and weight-gain associated factors that need to be further explored and addressed in any future restrictions for improved well-being.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184018
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4019: Seasonal and Regional Differences in
Eating Times in a Representative Sample of the Brazilian Population
Authors: Jefferson Souza Santos, Debra Jean Skene, Cibele Aparecida Crispim, Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno
First page: 4019
Abstract: Human food intake and its timing are a complex behavior that can be influenced by a variety of factors, some of which may vary from season to season or from region to region. In this study, our aim was to investigate the seasonal variation in food intake times, with a particular focus on how these may vary across different regions of a country. We conducted an analysis of data from 20,622 adults from the National Household Budget Survey (POF-IBGE), encompassing complete food diaries collected from individuals residing in Brazil, and thereby ensuring representation across different latitudes. Each participant’s daily food intake was reported for two non-consecutive days at different times in the same week using food diaries. An ANOVA revealed a later food intake time in the evening in high-latitude regions compared to low-latitude regions. The Sidak post-hoc test showed a significant interaction effect between region and season, demonstrating a pattern of early First Intake Time and Eating Midpoint in the Northeast region during spring/summer. Additionally, we observed an independent effect of the region, as early food intake times were found in low-latitude regions. These findings offer a basis for discussing food intake times among individuals living in different regions located on distinct latitudes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-16
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184019
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4020: Conducting 24-Hour Dietary Recalls in
Group Settings with Adults Having Low-Income: Perspectives of EFNEP Peer
Educators
Authors: Karen Franck, Michael Puglisi, Annie J. Roe, Susan Baker, Teresa Henson, Dawn Earnesty, Kavitha Sankavaram
First page: 4020
Abstract: The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is a federally funded program that teaches nutrition education to adults and youth with low-income. EFNEP is funded throughout the United States including federal territories. The purpose of EFNEP is to provide nutrition education. Evaluation for adult programs includes pre/post surveys and pre/post 24-h diet recalls (24HDR). A validated standard of dietary measures, 24HDR are useful when collected as designed: one-on-one by a trained professional. In EFNEP, 24HDR are collected in group settings by EFNEP peer educators who often have not received a college degree or any formal education in nutrition. The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes and behaviors of EFNEP peer educators regarding how they collect diet recalls in a group setting, their perceptions of how adult participants feel about the recalls, and the benefits and challenges of using recalls. Online interviews were conducted with EFNEP peer educators across the U.S. Peer educators recognized the importance of collecting the recall data but identified several challenges such as time, resources, and participant reluctance to complete the recall. Program evaluation through methods like the 24HDR is important to measure outcomes and inform program improvements but also needs to include how evaluation can benefit participants and minimize data collection burden. Future research needs to examine the validity of collecting recalls in a group setting compared to other measures of diet quality.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184020
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4021: Gallation and B-Ring Dihydroxylation
Increase Green Tea Catechin Residence Time in Plasma by Differentially
Affecting Tissue-Specific Trafficking: Compartmental Model of Catechin
Kinetics in Healthy Adults
Authors: Joanna K. Hodges, Geoffrey Y. Sasaki, Yael Vodovotz, Richard S. Bruno
First page: 4021
Abstract: Catechins in green tea extract (GTE) (epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG)) vary in bioactivity. We developed a physiologically relevant mathematical model of catechin metabolism to test the hypothesis that fractional catabolic rates of catechins would be differentially affected by their structural attributes. Pharmacokinetic data of plasma and urine catechin concentrations were used from healthy adults (n = 19) who ingested confections containing 0.5 g GTE (290 mg EGCG, 87 mg EGC, 39 mg EC, 28 mg ECG). A 7-compartmental model of catechin metabolism comprised of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, small and large intestine), liver, plasma, extravascular tissues, and kidneys was developed using a mean fraction dose of EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC. Fitting was by iterative least squares regression analysis, and goodness of fit was ascertained by the estimated variability of parameters (FSD < 0.5). The interaction of gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation most greatly extended plasma residence time such that EGC > EC = EGCG > EGC. The interaction between gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation accelerated the transfer from the upper gastrointestinal tract to the small intestine but delayed subsequent transfers from the small intestine through the liver to plasma and from kidneys to urine. Gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation independently delayed the transfer from plasma to extravascular tissues, except the uptake to kidneys, which was slowed by gallation only. This multi-compartment model, to be validated in a future study, suggests that gallation and B-ring dihydroxylation affect catechin catabolism in a tissue-specific manner and thus their potential bioactivity.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184021
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4022: Effectiveness of Anthocyanin-Rich Sour
Cherry Extract on Gliadin-Induced Caco-2 Barrier Damage
Authors: Ágnes Klusóczki, Boglárka Oláh, Dominik Hosszú, Ferenc Fenyvesi, Judit Remenyik, Judit Homoki, Alexandra Gyöngyösi, Ildikó Bácskay, Judit Váradi
First page: 4022
Abstract: Several types of gluten-related disorders are known, in which the common starting point is gluten-induced zonulin release. Zonulin results in varying degrees of increased permeability in certain gluten-related disorders but is largely responsible for the development of further pathogenic processes and symptoms. Therefore, it is important to know the barrier-modulating role of individual nutritional components and to what extent the antioxidant substance supports the protection of gliadin-induced membrane damage with its radical scavenging capacity. We investigated the pH dependence of the gliadin-anthocyanin interaction using UV photometry, during which a concentration-dependent interaction was observed at pH 6.8. The barrier modulatory effect of the anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract (AC) was analyzed on Caco-2 cell culture with pepsin-trypsin-resistant gliadin (PT-gliadin) exposure by TEER measurement, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and Occludin immunohistochemistry. In addition to the TEER-reducing and TJ-rearranging effects of PT-gliadin, NF-κB activation, an increase in cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-8) release, and mitochondrial ROS levels were observed. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory, stabilizing, and restoring roles of AC extract during gliadin treatment on the Caco-2 monolayer. The extract was able to significantly reduce cytokine and ROS levels despite the known interaction of the main components of the extract with PT-gliadin.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184022
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4023: Aspartic Acid in Health and Disease
Authors: Milan Holeček
First page: 4023
Abstract: Aspartic acid exists in L- and D-isoforms (L-Asp and D-Asp). Most L-Asp is synthesized by mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from oxaloacetate and glutamate acquired by glutamine deamidation, particularly in the liver and tumor cells, and transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly in muscles. The main source of D-Asp is the racemization of L-Asp. L-Asp transported via aspartate–glutamate carrier to the cytosol is used in protein and nucleotide synthesis, gluconeogenesis, urea, and purine-nucleotide cycles, and neurotransmission and via the malate–aspartate shuttle maintains NADH delivery to mitochondria and redox balance. L-Asp released from neurons connects with the glutamate–glutamine cycle and ensures glycolysis and ammonia detoxification in astrocytes. D-Asp has a role in brain development and hypothalamus regulation. The hereditary disorders in L-Asp metabolism include citrullinemia, asparagine synthetase deficiency, Canavan disease, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. L-Asp plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and alterations in BCAA levels in diabetes and hyperammonemia. Further research is needed to examine the targeting of L-Asp metabolism as a strategy to fight cancer, the use of L-Asp as a dietary supplement, and the risks of increased L-Asp consumption. The role of D-Asp in the brain warrants studies on its therapeutic potential in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184023
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4024: Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation and
Aerobic Training on Autophagy Signaling Proteins in a Rat Model Type 2
Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin
Authors: Hadi Golpasandi, Mohammad Rahman Rahimi, Slahadin Ahmadi, Beata Łubkowska, Paweł Cięszczyk
First page: 4024
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training on regulating the autophagy process in rats with type 2 diabetic induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. A total of 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + aerobic training (DAT), diabetic + vitamin D3 (DVD), and diabetic + aerobic training + vitamin D3 (DVDAT). The rats underwent eight weeks of aerobic training with an intensity of 60% maximum running speed for one hour, along with weekly subcutaneous injections of 10,000 units of vitamin D3. The protein levels of different autophagy markers were assessed in the left ventricular heart tissue. The results showed that the protein levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR were significantly lower in the DC group compared to the NC group. Conversely, the levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D proteins were significantly higher in the DC group. However, the interventions of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation, either individually or in combination, led to increased levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR, and decreased levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D (p < 0.05). Additionally, the aerobic capacity in the DAT and DVDAT groups was significantly higher compared to the NC, DC, and DVD groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that type 2 diabetes is associated with excessive autophagy in the left ventricle. However, after eight weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training, a significant reduction in excessive autophagy was observed in rats with type 2 diabetes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184024
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4025: Lonicera Caerulea Juice Alleviates
Alcoholic Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Flora and the FXR-FGF15
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Baixi Zhang, Lijuan Niu, Xinwen Huang
First page: 4025
Abstract: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a growing public health issue with high financial, social, and medical costs. Lonicera caerulea, which is rich in polyphenolic compounds, has been shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti–inflammatory effects. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of concentrated Lonicera caerulea juice (LCJ) on ALD in mice. ALD was established in mice via gradient alcohol feeding for 30 days. The mice in the experimental group were given LCJ by gavage. The reduction of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the serum of mice indicated that LCJ has a liver-protective effect. LCJ improved the expression of AMPK, PPARα, and CPT1b in ALD mice to reduce the liver lipid content. Additionally, LCJ increased the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which lowers the expression of cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) and lessens bile acid deposition in the liver. In mice, LCJ improved the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of mucins and tight junction proteins in the small intestine. Moreover, it accelerated the restoration of microbial homeostasis in both the large and small intestines and increased short–chain fatty acids in the cecum. In conclusion, LCJ alleviates ALD by reducing liver and serum lipid accumulation and modulating the FXR–FGF15 signaling pathway mediated by gut microbes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184025
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4026: The Effects of Prolonged Basic Amino Acid
Exposures on Mitochondrial Enzyme Gene Expressions, Metabolic Profiling
and Insulin Secretions and Syntheses in Rat INS-1 β-Cells
Authors: Lianbin Xu, Fengqi Cheng, Dengpan Bu, Xiuli Li
First page: 4026
Abstract: In order to investigate the chronic effects of basic amino acids (BAA) on β-cell metabolism and insulin secretion, INS-1 β-cells were randomly assigned to cultures in standard medium (Con), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Arginine (Arg), standard medium plus 10 mM L-Histidine (His) or standard medium plus 10 mM L-Lysine (Lys) for 24 h. Results showed that insulin secretion was decreased by the Arg treatment but was increased by the His treatment relative to the Con group (p < 0.05). Higher BAA concentrations reduced the high glucose-stimulated insulin secretions (p < 0.001), but only Lys treatment increased the intracellular insulin content than that in the Con group (p < 0.05). Compared with Arg and Lys, the His treatment increased the mitochondrial key enzyme gene expressions including Cs, mt-Atp6, mt-Nd4l and Ogdh, and caused a greater change in the metabolites profiling (p < 0.05). The most significant pathways affected by Arg, His and Lys were arginine and proline metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism, respectively. Regression analysis screened 7 genes and 9 metabolites associated with insulin releases during BAA stimulations (p < 0.05). Together, different BAAs exerted dissimilar effects on β-cell metabolism and insulin outputs.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184026
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4027: Editorial for “The Role of Ketogenic
Diet in Human Health and Diseases”: The Multifaceted Impact of
Ketogenic Diets on Health and Disease
Authors: Mikiko Watanabe, Silvia Savastano, Carla Lubrano, Giovanni Spera
First page: 4027
Abstract: The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by a very low carbohydrate intake and variable protein, fat and calorie intake, has long been in the spotlight for its potential therapeutic applications [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184027
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4028: Contribution of Different Food Types to
Vitamin A Intake in the Chinese Diet
Authors: Xue Li, Can Guo, Yu Zhang, Li Yu, Fei Ma, Xuefang Wang, Liangxiao Zhang, Peiwu Li
First page: 4028
Abstract: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient that is essential for human health. In this study, the daily vitamin A intake of Chinese residents was evaluated by investigating the vitamin A content of various foods. The results show that the dietary intake of vitamin A in common foods was 460.56 ugRAE/day, which is significantly lower than the recommended dietary reference intake of vitamin A (800 ugRAE/day for adult men and 700 ugRAE/day for adult women). Vegetables contributed the most to daily vitamin A dietary intake, accounting for 54.94% of vitamin A intake (253.03 ugRAE/day), followed by eggs, milk, aquatic products, meat, fruit, legumes, coarse cereals, and potatoes. Therefore, an increase in the vitamin A content of vegetables and the fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A are effective ways to increase vitamin A intake to meet the recommended dietary guidelines in China. The assessment results support the design of fortified foods.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184028
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4029: Association of the Length of Service of
24/48 Firefighters with the Quality of Their Diet and Selected
Anthropometric Parameters
Authors: Karolina Dobrowolska-Zrałka, Krzysztof Kujawa, Bożena Regulska-Ilow
First page: 4029
Abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the association of lengths of service (LS) ≤ 10 years and >10 years in 24/48 shifts with the quality of the observed diet based on the Nutrient Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) and selected anthropometric parameters of 130 firefighters of the State Fire Service (SFS) in Wroclaw, Poland. The study also analysed the individual components of the men’s diets required to calculate the NRF9.3 index in both seniority groups. Men with LS > 10 years had statistically significant higher body weight (89.00 kg vs. 81.59 kg), body-fat level (22.80 kg vs. 17.95 kg), waist circumference (96.50 cm vs. 89.00 cm), body-fat percentage (21.94 ± 4.06% vs. 25.00 ± 5.45%), body mass index (BMI) (28.10 kg/m2 vs. 25.40 kg/m2) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) (0.84 0.92 vs. 0.84), compared to the LF ≤ 10 years group. In contrast, the quality of the men’s dietary adherence, based on the calculated NRF9.3 index, did not differ between the study groups, and was 662.50 ± 103.1 and 664.78 for the LS ≤ 10 years and LS > 10 years groups, respectively. Based on a statistical analysis using the NRF9.3 diet quality index by tertile (NRF9.3-C), a leading and statistically significant association of LS > 10 years vs. ≤10 years was observed as to most of the anthropometric parameters studied. In contrast, the association of participants’ diet quality, as assessed by the NRF9.3 index value, was insignificant for all anthropometric parameters studied.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184029
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4030: Insights into the Chemical Compositions
Authors: Bincheng Han, Jinhai Luo, Baojun Xu
First page: 4030
Abstract: Chroogomphus rutilus is an edible mushroom that has been an important food source since ancient times. It is increasingly sought after for its unique flavor and medicinal value. It is one of the most important wild mushrooms for its medicinal and economic value. C. rutilus contains a variety of active ingredients such as vitamins, proteins, minerals, polysaccharides, and phenolics. C. rutilus and its active compounds have significant anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, gastroprotective, hypolipemic, and neuronal protective properties. This paper summarizes the fungal chemical compositions and health-promoting effects of C. rutilus by collecting the literature on the role of C. rutilus through its active ingredients from websites such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Current research on C. rutilus is limited to the cellular and animal levels, and further clinical trials are needed to conduct and provide theoretical support for further development.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-17
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184030
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4031: New Insights into High-Fat Diet with
Chronic Diseases
Authors: Xiaoyu Wang, Rui Song, Maëlys Clinchamps, Frédéric Dutheil
First page: 4031
Abstract: Chronic diseases, encompassing conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, represent a significant global health challenge and are the leading causes of mortality worldwide [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184031
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4032: Association of Oral and General Health
with Nutritional Status of Older Adults Attending Two Medical Centers in
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alghaliyah A. Alghofaili, Alanoud I. Aladel, Abdullah M. Alsoghier, Fatmah Othman, Mustafa M. Shoqeair, Saud M. Alqahtani, Ali M. Alnughaimish, Badryh A. Alanazi, Sara A. AI Mosallam, Azzam S. Alharbi, Mohammed Alquraishi
First page: 4032
Abstract: Malnutrition could profoundly affect older adults’ oral health and quality of life, whereas oral health might, in turn, impact dietary intake and nutritional status. The present study aimed to investigate the association between general and oral health and nutritional status among older adults attending nutrition clinics at two main medical centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-section study was carried out among adult patients (≥60 years) who attended a geriatric clinic or nutrition clinic at King Khalid University Hospital or King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. A validated clinician’s Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), Oral Health Impact Profile-5 (OHIP-5), and 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) were collected from each participant. A total of 261 participants with a mean age of 72.14 (±8.97) years were recruited. Diabetes (71%) and hypertension (80%) were present in the majority of patients. The overall MNA-SF score was (10 ± 3). Based on the categorization of the MNA-SF score, 65.9% were classified as malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Participants with OHIP-5 scores higher than the median (>5) were more likely to be malnourished than those with scores at or lower than 5 (p < 0). The adjusted odd ratio for the MNA-SF score categories indicated that for a one-unit increase in the total SF-36 score, the odds of the malnourished category are 0.94 times less than the risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status, with OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.95). Malnutrition or being at risk of malnutrition is likely associated with poor general and oral health. Healthcare providers need to incorporate dietitians into care plans to promote the nutritional health of older adults.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184032
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4033: Effects of Lactoferrin on Oral and Throat
Conditions under Low Humidity Environments: A Randomized, Double-Blind,
and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Shutaro Kubo, Hirotsugu Oda, Miyuki Tanaka, Takashi Koikeda, Shinichi Tomita
First page: 4033
Abstract: To evaluate the effects of a single ingestion of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on oral and throat conditions under a low-humidity environment. A randomized, double-blind, 2-sequence, 2-treatment, and 2-period placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. Healthy adult subjects orally ingested bLF dissolved in water, or placebo water, followed by exposure to low humidity (20 °C, 20% relative humidity (RH)) for 2 h. The primary endpoint was subjective oral and throat discomfort assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS), which positively correlated with the discomfort. Secondary endpoints were unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate. Overall, 40 subjects were randomly assigned to two sequences (20 each) and 34 were analyzed. The VAS values for oral and throat discomfort in the bLF treatment were significantly lower than in the placebo treatment, whereas UWSFR and IgA secretion rates were comparable between the two treatments. Adverse drug reactions were not observed. Subjective oral and throat discomfort associated with low humidity is suppressed by a single ingestion of bLF. Our findings demonstrate the novel use of bLF in a clinical situation that leverages its unique characteristics.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184033
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4034: Role of Dietary Fibre in Managing
Periodontal Diseases—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human
Intervention Studies
Authors: Hasinthi Swarnamali, Nidhi Medara, Aditi Chopra, Axel Spahr, Thilini N. Jayasinghe
First page: 4034
Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease, that leads to tooth loss and is associated with other systemic diseases. The role of dietary fibre in the prevention and management of periodontal diseases is not well understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess how an intake of dietary fibre affects periodontal diseases in humans and any concomitant effects on systemic inflammation. Methodology: Human interventional studies investigating the effects of oral fibre intake on various clinical parameters of periodontal diseases were included. Search strategy with MeSH and free-text search terms was performed on the following database: CINAHL Complete, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SciVerse Scopus®, and Web of Science Core Collection on 21 October 2021 and updated on 19 February 2023 to identify relevant studies. Articles were filtered using the Covidence© web-based platform software. Data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results: From all databases, a total of 19,971 studies were obtained. Upon title and abstract screening, 101 studies were included for full-text screening. Upon full-text screening, six studies were included for analysis. Of these, five were randomised controlled trials, and one was a sequential feeding trial involving fibre-rich daily diet for a 4–8 weeks period. Fibre-rich dietary intervention significantly reduced Clinical Attachment Loss/Level by 0.48 mm/tooth (95% CI, −0.63 to −0.33, p < 0.001), Bleeding On Probing by 27.57% sites/tooth (95% CI −50.40 to −4.74, p = 0.02), Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by 173.88 mm2 (95% CI −288.06 to −59.69, p = 0.003), Plaque Index by 0.02 (95% CI −0.04 to −0.00, p = 0.04), and Gingival Index by 0.41 (95% −0.67 to −0.16, p= 0.002). A non-significant reduction was observed for Probing Depth (−0.17 mm/tooth; 95% CI, −0.37 to 0.02, p = 0.09). Conclusions: Fibre-rich dietary interventions are associated with a reduction of clinical and particularly inflammatory markers of periodontal diseases. This shows a promising effect of dietary fibre as an intervention for inflammatory conditions like periodontal diseases.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184034
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4035: Influence of Body Composition and Specific
Anthropometric Parameters on SIBO Type
Authors: Justyna Paulina Wielgosz-Grochowska, Nicole Domanski, Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
First page: 4035
Abstract: Recent observations have shown that Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)affects the host through various mechanisms. While both weight loss and obesity have been reported in the SIBO population due to alterations in the gut microbiome, very little is known about the influence of SIBO type on body composition. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a link between the three types of SIBO: methane dominant (M+), hydrogen dominant (H+), and methane–hydrogen dominant (H+/M+) and specific anthropometric parameters. This observational study included 67 participants (W = 53, M = 14) with gastrointestinal symptoms and SIBO confirmed by lactulose hydrogen–methane breath tests (LHMBTs) using the QuinTron device. Participants underwent a body composition assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) using the InBody Analyzer. In the H+/M+ group, body weight (p = 0.010), BMI (p = 0.001), body fat in kg (p = 0.009), body fat in % (p = 0.040), visceral fat (p = 0.002), and mineral bone content (p = 0.049) showed an inverse correlation with hydrogen (H2) gas production. These findings suggest that body weight, BMI, body fat, and mineral bone content may be inversely linked to the production of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen–methane SIBO.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184035
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4036: Association between Dietary Choline Intake
and Cardiovascular Diseases: National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey 2011–2016
Authors: Rong Zhou, Mei Yang, Chaofu Yue, Yi Shi, Yanan Tan, Lingfeng Zha, Junxia Zhang, Shaoliang Chen
First page: 4036
Abstract: Choline is an essential nutrient for human body, but dietary choline is metabolized into the hazard metabolite for the cardiovascular system. Because of the conflicting results between dietary choline intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in previous studies, we aimed to investigate this in US adults. Non-pregnant participants and those aged >20 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016, with CVD assessment and reliable dietary recall status, were included. The dietary choline intake was assessed as a mean value of two total dietary choline intakes, including dietary choline intake and supplemental choline intake, in 24-h dietary recall interviews. The association between dietary choline intake and the presence of CVD was examined using logistic regression. We enrolled 14,323 participants. The participants without CVD had substantially higher dietary choline intakes (318.4 mg/d vs. 297.2 mg/d) compared to those with CVD (p < 0.05). After multivariable adjustments, the highest quartile of dietary choline intake was associated with a lower CVD risk, OR 0.693, 95%CI [0.520, 0.923], when compared to the lowest quartile. Consistent results were also found for stroke. Subgroup analyses also supported these, especially in participants aged ≥60 years and in those with BMI < 30 kg/m2. We found that a higher dietary choline intake was associated with a lower CVD risk, especially the risk of stroke. Further clinical trials are needed in order to confirm this finding and to provide dietary suggestions for the appropriate amount of choline intake.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184036
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4037: Nutritional Composition and Anti-Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Potential of Femur Bone Extracts from Bovine, Chicken,
Sheep, and Goat: Phytochemical and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Naseh A. Algehainy, Esraa M. Mohamed, Hanan F. Aly, Eman A. Younis, Faisal H. Altemani, Mohammad A. Alanazi, Gerhard Bringmann, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Abeer H. Elmaidomy
First page: 4037
Abstract: Nutritional deficits in one’s diet have been established as the key risk factor for T2DM in recent years. Nutritional therapy has been demonstrated to be useful in treating T2DM. The current study was carried out to assess the nutritional composition of bovine (12 months), chicken (4 months), sheep (13 months), and goat (9 months) femur bone extracts, as well as their potential therapeutic effects on T2DM regression in a Wistar albino rat model (500 mg/kg b.wt.). The proximate composition of the different extracts, their fatty acid composition, their amino acids, and their mineral contents were identified. In vivo data indicated considerably improved T2DM rats, as seen by lower serum levels of TL, TG, TC, ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, IL-6, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and MDA. Low levels of HDL-C, GSH, and total proteins were restored during this study. Histological investigations of liver and pancreatic tissue revealed that the distribution of collagen fibers was nearly normal. The bovine extract, on the other hand, was the most active, followed by the sheep, goat, and finally chicken extract. This research could result in the creation of a simple, noninvasive, low-cost, and reliable method for T2DM control, paving the way for potential early therapeutic applications in T2DM control.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184037
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4038: Acute Intake of Sucrose but Not of the
Intense Sweetener Sucralose Is Associated with Post-Prandial Endotoxemia
in Healthy Young Adults—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Raphaela Staltner, Victor Sánchez, Ina Bergheim, Anja Baumann
First page: 4038
Abstract: Sugar-rich diets, but also the use of intense sweeteners, may alter intestinal barrier function. Here, we assessed the effect of sucrose and sucralose on post-prandial endotoxemia in a randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded crossover-designed study. Following a 2-day standardization of their diet, healthy men and women received a beverage containing either sucrose, sucralose (iso-sweet) or an isocaloric combination of sucralose + maltodextrin. Plasma endotoxin levels were measured after consumption of the respective beverages. Moreover, the effect of sucrose and sucralose on intestinal permeability was assessed in Caco-2 cells and ex vivo in an everted gut sac model. The nutritional standardization recommended by nutrition societies was associated with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels. The intake of the sucrose-sweetened beverage resulted in a significant increase in plasma endotoxin levels while being unchanged after the intake of sucralose-sweetened beverages. In Caco-2 cells, the challenge with sucrose but not with sucralose significantly increased the permeation of the bacterial endotoxin across the cell monolayer. Xylose permeation in small intestinal everted tissue sacs was significantly higher upon the challenge with sucrose while remaining unchanged in sucralose-challenged sacs. Our data suggest that an acute intake of physiologically relevant amounts of sucrose but not of sucralose can result in post-prandial endotoxemia.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184038
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4039: Maternal Intake of Vitamin D Supplements
during Pregnancy and Pubertal Timing in Children: A Population-Based
Follow-Up Study
Authors: Anne Gaml-Sørensen, Nis Brix, Lea Lykke Harrits Lunddorf, Andreas Ernst, Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Gunnar Toft, Tine Brink Henriksen, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen
First page: 4039
Abstract: Maternal vitamin D may be important for several organ systems in the offspring, including the reproductive system. In this population-based follow-up study of 12,991 Danish boys and girls born 2000–2003, we investigated if maternal intake of vitamin D supplements during pregnancy was associated with pubertal timing in boys and girls. Information on maternal intake of vitamin D supplements was obtained by self-report in mid-pregnancy. Self-reported information on the current status of various pubertal milestones was obtained every six months throughout puberty. Mean differences in months at attaining each pubertal milestone and an average estimate for the mean difference in attaining all pubertal milestones were estimated according to maternal intake of vitamin D supplements using multivariable interval-censored regression models. Lower maternal intake of vitamin D supplements was associated with later pubertal timing in boys. For the average estimate, boys had 0.5 months (95% CI 0.1; 0.9) later pubertal timing per 5 µg/day lower maternal vitamin D supplement intake. Maternal intake of vitamin D supplements was not associated with pubertal timing in girls. Spline plots and sensitivity analyses supported the findings. Whether the observed association with boys’ pubertal timing translates into an increased risk of disease in adulthood is unknown.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184039
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4040: Association of Vitamin D Genetic Risk
Score with Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heba Almaghrbi, Mashael Al-Shafai, Maha Al-Asmakh, Hiba Bawadi
First page: 4040
Abstract: Background and Aims: The genetic risk score (GRS) is an important tool for estimating the total genetic contribution or susceptibility to a certain outcome of interest in an individual, taking into account their genetic risk alleles. This study aims to systematically review the association between the GRS of low vitamin D with different noncommunicable diseases/markers. Methods: The article was first registered in PROSPERO CRD42023406929. PubMed and Embase were searched from the time of inception until March 2023 to capture all the literature related to the vitamin D genetic risk score (vD-GRS) in association with noncommunicable diseases. This was performed using comprehensive search terms including “Genetic Risk Score” OR “Genetics risk assessment” OR “Genome-wide risk score” AND “Vitamin D” OR 25(HO)D OR “25-hydroxyvitamin D”. Results: Eleven eligible studies were included in this study. Three studies reported a significant association between vD-GRS and metabolic parameters, including body fat percentage, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose. Moreover, colorectal cancer overall mortality and the risk of developing arterial fibrillation were also found to be associated with genetically deprived vitamin D levels. Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the genetic contribution of low-vitamin-D-risk single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) as an accumulative factor associated with different non-communicable diseases/markers, including cancer mortality and the risk of developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases such as arterial fibrillation.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184040
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4041: Hormonal Determinants of Growth and Weight
Gain in the Human Fetus and Preterm Infant
Authors: Laura Page, Noelle Younge, Michael Freemark
First page: 4041
Abstract: The factors controlling linear growth and weight gain in the human fetus and newborn infant are poorly understood. We review here the changes in linear growth, weight gain, lean body mass, and fat mass during mid- and late gestation and the early postnatal period in the context of changes in the secretion and action of maternal, placental, fetal, and neonatal hormones, growth factors, and adipocytokines. We assess the effects of hormonal determinants on placental nutrient delivery and the impact of preterm delivery on hormone expression and postnatal growth and metabolic function. We then discuss the effects of various maternal disorders and nutritional and pharmacologic interventions on fetal and perinatal hormone and growth factor production, growth, and fat deposition and consider important unresolved questions in the field.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184041
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4042: Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Maternal
Serum Respond to Oral Glucose Load and Are Associated with Insulin
Sensitivity
Authors: Marie-Therese Weiser-Fuchs, Elena Maggauer, Mireille N. M. van Poppel, Bence Csapo, Gernot Desoye, Harald C. Köfeler, Andrea Groselj-Strele, Slave Trajanoski, Herbert Fluhr, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
First page: 4042
Abstract: (1) Background: Pregnancy presents a challenge to maternal glucose homeostasis; suboptimal adaptations can lead to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) circulate in maternal blood in pregnancy and are altered with GDM, suggesting influence of glucose homeostasis on HMOs. We thus assessed the HMO response to glucose load during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and investigated HMO associations with glucose tolerance/insulin sensitivity in healthy pregnant women. (2) Methods: Serum of 99 women, collected at 0 h, 1 h and 2 h during a 75 g OGTT at 24–28 gestational weeks was analyzed for HMOs (2′FL, 3′SLN, LDFT, 3′SL) by HPLC; plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide were analyzed by standard biochemistry methods. (3) Results: Serum 3′SL concentrations significantly increased from fasting to 1 h after glucose load, while concentrations of the other HMOs were unaltered. Higher 3′SL at all OGTT time points was associated with a generally more diabetogenic profile, with higher hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lower insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and higher insulin secretion (C-peptide index 1). (4) Conclusions: Rapid increase in serum 3′SL post-oral glucose load (fasted-fed transition) indicates utilization of plasma glucose, potentially for sialylation of lactose. Associations of sialylated HMOs with a more diabetogenic profile suggest sustained adaptations to impaired glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. Underlying mechanisms or potential consequences of observed HMO changes remain to be elucidated.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184042
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4043: The Sterilization of Human Milk by Holder
Pasteurization or by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Leads to
Differential Intestinal Effects in Mice
Authors: Lionel Carneiro, Lucie Marousez, Matthias Van Hul, Léa Chantal Tran, Marie De Lamballerie, Delphine Ley, Patrice D. Cani, Claude Knauf, Jean Lesage
First page: 4043
Abstract: Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 °C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been proposed as an alternative to HoP. This study aims to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota composition in adult mice subjected to a chronic oral administration of HoP- or HHP-DM. Methods: Mice were treated by daily gavages with HoP- or HHP-DM over seven days. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed through in vivo 4 kDa FITC–dextran permeability assay and mRNA expression of several tight junctions and mucins in ileum and colon. Cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota were analyzed. Results: HHP-DM mice displayed decreased intestinal permeability to FITC–dextran and increased ileal mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Ocln and Cdh1) and Muc2. In the colon, mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Cdh1 and Tjp1) and of two mucins (Muc2 and Muc4) were decreased in HHP-DM mice. Cecal SCFAs and microbiota were not different between groups. Conclusions: HHP processing of DM reinforces intestinal barrier integrity in vivo without affecting gut microbiota and SCFAs production. This study reinforces previous findings showing that DM sterilization through HHP might be beneficial for the intestinal maturation of preterm infants compared with the use of HoP for the treatment of DM.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184043
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4044: A Naturally Derived Watercress
Flower-Based Phenethyl Isothiocyanate-Enriched Extract Induces the
Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis via Subcellular Ultrastructural and Ca2+
Efflux Alterations in an In Vitro Model of Human Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Sotiris Kyriakou, Louiza Potamiti, Nikoletta Demosthenous, Tom Amery, Kyle Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
First page: 4044
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to (i) extract isolated fractions of watercress flowers enriched in polyphenols, phenethyl isothiocyanate and glucosinolates and (ii) characterize the anticancer mode of action of non-lethal, sub-lethal and lethal concentrations of the most potent extract fraction in primary (A375) and metastatic (COLO-679) melanoma cells as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the Alamar Blue assay, whereas ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were determined via transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined using Mito-MP dye, whereas apoptosis was evaluated through the activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Among all extract fractions, the phenethyl isothiocyanate-enriched one (PhEF) possessed significant cytotoxicity against A375 and COLO-679 cells, while HaCaT cells remained relatively resistant at sub-lethal and lethal concentrations. Additionally, ultrastructural subcellular alterations associated with apoptosis were observed by means of increased mitochondrial area and perimeter, decreased cristae density and a shorter distance of the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, all taking place during “early” time points (2–4 h) of exposure. Moreover, PhEF induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization associated with “late” time points (24 h) of exposure, thereby leading to the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, the inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+ efflux reduced levels of caspases-9 and -3 activity, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ efflux in modulating the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. To conclude, our data demonstrate an association of “early” ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum with the “late” induction of intrinsic apoptosis via the modulation of Ca2+ efflux.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184044
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4045: The Role of Agricultural Systems in
Teaching Kitchens: An Integrative Review and Thoughts for the Future
Authors: Alexis Cole, Jennifer Pethan, Jason Evans
First page: 4045
Abstract: Diet-related chronic disease is a public health epidemic in the United States. Concurrently, conventional agricultural and food production methods deplete the nutritional content of many foods, sever connections between people and the origin of their food, and play a significant role in climate change. Paradoxically, despite an abundance of available food in the US, many households are unable to afford or attain a healthful diet. The linkages between agriculture, health, and nutrition are undeniable, yet conventional agriculture and healthcare systems tend to operate in silos, compounding these pressing challenges. Operating teaching kitchens in collaboration with local agriculture, including farms, community gardens, vertical farms, and urban agriculture, has the potential to catalyze a movement that emphasizes the role of the food system in promoting human and planetary health, building resilient communities, and encouraging cross-disciplinary collaboration. This paper reviews the current state of agricultural systems, food is medicine, consumer behavior, and the roles within these sectors. This is followed by a series of case studies that fill the gaps between TKs and agriculture. The authors summarize opportunities to combine the knowledge and resources of teaching kitchens and agriculture programs, as well as challenges that may arise along the way.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184045
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4046: Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with
Cardiovascular Disease Events but Not with Cardiovascular Disease or
Overall Mortality: A Prospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Pollyanna Patriota, Idris Guessous, Serge Rezzi, Pedro Marques-Vidal
First page: 4046
Abstract: (1) Background: A recent review concluded that there was no strong evidence for beneficial vitamin D effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether individuals with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of CVD should be further studied. (2) Aims: We assessed the association between vitamin D levels and CVD events, CVD mortality, and overall mortality in a prospective population-based study in Lausanne, Switzerland. (3) Methods: A total of 5684 participants (53.6% women, 52.5 ± 10.7 years) were followed for a median of 14.4 years [interquartile range: 10.7–16.6]. Vitamin D blood levels were categorized as normal (≥75 nmol/L or 30 ng/mL), insufficient (50–74 nmol/L or 21–29 ng/mL), and deficient (<50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL). (4) Results: In total, 568 cardiovascular events, 114 cardiovascular deaths, and 679 deaths occurred during follow-up. After multivariate analysis, vitamin D levels were negatively associated with CVD events: hazard ratio and (95% confidence interval) for a 10 nmol/L increase: 0.96 (0.92–0.99). However, no association was found for CVD [0.93 (0.84–1.04)] and overall mortality [0.98 (0.94–1.02)]. No associations were found between vitamin D categories and CVD events, 0.93 (0.71–1.22) and 1.14 (0.87–1.49); CVD deaths, 0.78 (0.41–1.50) and 1.10 (0.57–2.12); and overall mortality, 1.10 (0.82–1.48); and 1.17 (0.87–1.58) for insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. After excluding participants taking vitamin D supplements, similar results were obtained. (5) Conclusion: In this prospective population-based study, vitamin D levels were inversely associated with CVD events but not with CVD or overall mortality.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184046
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4047: Are Twin Pregnancies at Higher Risk for
Iron and Calcium Deficiency than Singleton Pregnancies'
Authors: Anna Dera-Szymanowska, Dorota Filipowicz, Natalia Misan, Krzysztof Szymanowski, Thilo Samson Chillon, Sabrina Asaad, Qian Sun, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Lutz Schomburg, Marek Ruchała
First page: 4047
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the iron and calcium status in singleton and twin pregnancies and to assess whether there is an increased risk for iron and calcium deficiency in twin gestation. The study included 105 singleton and 9 twin pregnancies at or above 35 weeks of gestation. Information on prenatal supplementation with iron or calcium was acquired, and adverse perinatal outcomes were recorded. Biosamples from all 114 mothers and 73 newborns (61 singleton and 12 twin newborns) were finally analyzed. Total iron and calcium concentrations in serum were measured through total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results indicated no significant differences in maternal serum iron and calcium concentrations between singleton and twin pregnancies. Similarly, iron and calcium concentrations in newborn umbilical cord serum samples were not different between singleton and twin pregnancies. The comparison of total iron and calcium between mothers and umbilical cord serum indicated significantly lower concentrations in the mothers, with the differences being not homogenous but rather pair-specific. A significant positive correlation between maternal serum and umbilical cord serum calcium concentration was noticed. Prenatal iron supplementation was associated with higher iron concentrations in both mothers and newborns, supporting the efficiency of supplementation and the quality of the study methods. Collectively, the data indicate no significant differences in serum iron and calcium concentrations with regard to singleton or twin pregnancies and the efficiency of iron supplementation during pregnancy for increasing iron status.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-18
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184047
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4048: Creatine and Resistance Training: A
Combined Approach to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: David Law, Mitchel A. Magrini, Jacob A. Siedlik, Joan Eckerson, Kristen M. Drescher, Eric C. Bredahl
First page: 4048
Abstract: Doxorubicin (DOX), a potent chemotherapy agent, useful in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphomas, and leukemias, is limited by its potentially lethal cardiotoxicity. However, exercise has been consistently shown to mitigate the side effects of DOX, including cardiotoxicity. To date, most studies examining the relationship between exercise and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity have focused on aerobic exercise, with very few examining the role of anerobic activity. Therefore, this investigation explored the potential of creatine (CR) and resistance training (RT) in preserving cardiac health during DOX therapy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into RT, RT + CR, sedentary (SED), and SED + CR, with each division further branching into saline (SAL) or DOX-treated subsets post-10 weeks of RT or SED activity. RT comprised progressive training utilizing specialized cages for bipedal stance feeding. CR-treated groups ingested water mixed with 1% CR monohydrate and 5% dextrose, while control animals received 5% dextrose. At week 10, DOX was administered (2 mg/kg/week) over 4-weeks to an 8 mg/kg cumulative dose. Cardiac function post-DOX treatment was assessed via transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular diameter during diastole was lower in DOX + CR, RT + DOX, and RT + CR + DOX compared to SED + DOX (p < 0.05). Additionally, cardiac mass was significantly greater in RT + CR + DOX SED + DOX animals (p < 0.05). These results suggest RT and CR supplementation, separately and in combination, could attenuate some measures of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and may offer a cost-effective way to complement cancer treatments and enhance patient outcomes. More investigations are essential to better understand CR’s prolonged effects during DOX therapy and its clinical implications.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184048
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4049: Effects of Different Doses of Caffeine
Supplementation on Collegiate Male Volleyball Players’ Specific
Performance and Skills: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled,
Crossover Study
Authors: Javad Nemati, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Alireza Niknam, Mohammad Nikahd, Narjes Zeighami, Babak Imanian, Kousar Safari, Nima Jahaniboushehri, Katsuhiko Suzuki
First page: 4049
Abstract: Background: The improvement of performance and skill indices of volleyball players can affect their success rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute caffeine supplementation of varied doses on collegiate volleyball players’ specific performance and skills. Method: This research was a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study in which 15 male volleyball players aged 18 to 25 years participated voluntarily. Participants were randomly placed in three different conditions, including 3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C3), 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C6), and a placebo (PLA) with a one-week wash-out period between exercise trials. The supplement was taken 60 min before each exercise session. Ball throwing, hand movement speed, agility, Sargent’s jump and handgrip, and attacking and serving skill tests were measured and analyzed to check the performance and skill of the volleyball players. Results: This study showed a significant increase in agility test in C6 compared with the PLA condition (p = 0.02). Additionally, there was a significant improvement in Sargent’s jump in C6 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C6 compared with the C3 condition (p = 0.00). Also, attacking skill significantly increased in C3 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C6 compared with the PLA condition (p = 0.00). In addition, there was a significant increase in serving skill for C6 compared with PLA (p = 0.00) and C3 (p = 0.00). However, there were no significant differences in hand movement speed (p = 0.06), left handgrip (p = 0.85), right handgrip (p = 0.47), or medicine ball throwing (p = 0.22) between the three conditions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of the current study suggested that a higher dose of caffeine compared with a lower dose may be more effective in movements requiring lower-body explosive power and the ability to change direction. Also, according to the findings, it seems that caffeine can lead to the improvement of complex skills, such as serving and attacking in volleyball.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184049
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4050: Erythritol Can Inhibit the Expression of
Senescence Molecules in Mouse Gingival Tissues and Human Gingival
Fibroblasts
Authors: Haruna Yokoi, Masae Furukawa, Jingshu Wang, Yu Aoki, Resmi Raju, Yoriko Ikuyo, Mitsuyoshi Yamada, Yosuke Shikama, Kenji Matsushita
First page: 4050
Abstract: Oral aging causes conditions including periodontal disease. We investigated how the sugar alcohol erythritol, which has anti-caries effects, impacts aging periodontal tissues and gingival fibroblasts in mice and humans in vivo and in vitro. Mice were classified into three groups: control groups of six-week-old (YC) and eighteen-month-old mice (AC) and a group receiving 5% w/w erythritol water for 6 months (AE). After rearing, RNA was extracted from the gingiva, and the levels of aging-related molecules were measured using PCR. Immunostaining was performed for the aging markers p21, γH2AX, and NF-κB p65. p16, p21, γH2AX, IL-1β, and TNFα mRNA expression levels were higher in the gingiva of the AC group than in the YC group, while this enhanced expression was significantly suppressed in AE gingiva. NF-κB p65 expression was high in the AC group but was strongly suppressed in the AE group. We induced senescence in cultured human gingival fibroblasts using H2O2 and lipopolysaccharide before erythritol treatment, which reduced elevated senescence-related marker (p16, p21, SA-β-gal, IL-1β, and TNFα) expression levels. Knockdown of PFK or PGAM promoted p16 and p21 mRNA expression, but erythritol subsequently rescued pyruvate production. Overall, intraoral erythritol administration may prevent age-related oral mucosal diseases.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184050
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4051: Calcium Homeostasis and Psychiatric
Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Miaomiao Jiang, Weiheng Yan, Xianjing Li, Liyang Zhao, Tianlan Lu, Dai Zhang, Jun Li, Lifang Wang
First page: 4051
Abstract: Observational studies have investigated the impact of calcium homeostasis on psychiatric disorders; however, the causality of associations is yet to be established. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of calcium homeostasis hormones was conducted on nine psychiatric disorders. Calcium, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25OHD), parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 are the major calcium homeostasis hormones. The causality was evaluated by the inverse variance weighted method (IVW) and the MR Steiger test, while Cochran’s Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, funnel plot, and the leave-one-out method were used for sensitivity analyses. Bonferroni correction was used to determine the causative association features (p < 6.94 × 10−4). Schizophrenia (SCZ) was significantly associated with decreased 25OHD concentrations with an estimated effect of −0.0164 (Prandom-effect IVW = 2.39 × 10−7). In the Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis adjusting for potentially confounding traits including body mass index, obesity, mineral supplements (calcium, fish oil, and vitamin D) and outdoor time (winter and summer), the relationship between SCZ and 25OHD remained. The genetically predicted autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder were also nominally associated with decreased 25OHD. This study provided evidence for a causal effect of psychiatric disorders on calcium homeostasis. The clinical monitoring of 25OHD levels in patients with psychiatric disorders is beneficial.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184051
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4052: Biomarkers and Functional Assays of
Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Critical
Illness—A Narrative Review
Authors: Julianna Martinez, K. Marco Rodriguez Hovnanian, Enid E. Martinez
First page: 4052
Abstract: Enteral nutrition in critically ill children has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal dysfunction often impedes the timely initiation and advancement of enteral nutrition and can contribute to immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Therefore, assessing gastrointestinal function, at a cellular and functional level, is important to provide optimal enteral nutrition therapy and reduce the gastrointestinal tract’s contribution to the inflammatory cascade of critical illness. In this narrative review, we present an overview of biomarker and functional assays for gastrointestinal dysfunction, including epithelial barrier disruption and gastrointestinal dysmotility, that have been considered for critically ill patients.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184052
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4053: Association between Dietary Patterns and
Cognitive Function among Qatari Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the
Qatar Biobank Study
Authors: Sundus Fituri, Zumin Shi
First page: 4053
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among Qatari adults. In a cross-sectional analysis, data on 1000 Qatari adults attending the Qatar Biobank Study (QBB) aged ≥18 years were obtained. Using factor analysis, dietary patterns were constructed based on habitual dietary intake assessed by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). The mean reaction time (MRT) derived from self-administered touch screen tests was used as an indicator of cognitive function. The association between dietary patterns and MRT was investigated using linear regression. The mean age of the participants was 35.8 (SD 10.3) years, and the mean MRT was 715.3 (SD 204.1) milliseconds. Three dietary patterns were identified. The “traditional” dietary pattern, characterized by high intakes of white rice, mixed dishes and soups/starters possibly high in saturated fat and sodium, was positively associated with MRT. In the multivariable model, comparing the highest to lowest quartiles of the traditional pattern, the regression coefficient for MRT was 50.0 (95% CI 16.9, 83.1; p for trend 0.001). There was an effect modification of diabetes and age on the association between the “modern” dietary pattern and MRT. The “convenient” dietary pattern was not associated with cognition. In conclusion, the traditional rice-based dietary pattern may be associated with poor cognitive function.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184053
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4054: The Effect of Hokkaido Red Wines on
Vascular Outcomes in Healthy Adult Men: A Pilot Study
Authors: Prae Charoenwoodhipong, Roberta R. Holt, Carl L. Keen, Nasim Hedayati, Tomoyuki Sato, Teruo Sone, Robert M. Hackman
First page: 4054
Abstract: Moderate red wine intake has been associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, due in part to the intake of polyphenols and anthocyanins, whose content can vary from varietal and year of harvest. This study assessed the vascular effects in response to a single intake of 2015 and 2018 Zweigelt red wines from Hokkaido, Japan. Healthy men were randomly assigned to consume 240 mL each of a red wine, or a sparkling white grape juice as a control in a randomized three-arm cross-over design with a 7 day washout between arms. The augmentation index (AI; a measure of arterial stiffness) and AI at 75 beats/min (AI75), reactive hyperemia index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and platelet reactivity were assessed at baseline and two and four hours after each beverage intake. Changes from the baseline were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Significant treatment effects (p = 0.02) were observed, with AI 13% lower after the intake of the 2015 or 2018 vintages compared to the control. Intake of the 2018 vintage reduced SBP and DBP (−4.1 mmHg and −5.6 mmHg, respectively; p = 0.02) compared to the 2015 wine and the control drink. The amount of hydroxytyrosol in the 2018 wine was almost twice the amount as in the 2015 wine, which may help explain the variable blood pressure results. Future studies exploring the vascular effects of the same red wine from different vintage years and different phenolic profiles are warranted.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184054
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4055: A Comparison Study of Nutritional
Assessment, Diet and Physical Activity Habits, Lifestyle and
Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Individuals with and without
Dizziness/Vertigo
Authors: Ayse Gunes-Bayir, Zelal Tandogan, Özge Gedik-Toker, Aysegul Yabaci-Tak, Agnes Dadak
First page: 4055
Abstract: Dizziness and vertigo are growing health problems and have become responsible for increases in health expenditures. In this context, a case-control study has been conducted by nutritional assessment, including dietary and physical activity habits, lifestyle, and socio-demographic characteristics in adults with (patient group) and without (control group) dizziness or vertigo, and the outcomes were compared between these groups. The patient (n = 150) and control (n = 150) groups included 300 participants. The 24-h Dietary Recall and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ-21) were conducted in order to gain detailed information about foods and beverages consumed by the participants. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed, assessing general socio-demographic (age, gender, etc.) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity) characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and dietary and physical activity habits. The results revealed that there is an association between dizziness/vertigo and female gender and increasing age. Smoking status and alcohol consumption did not differ between the groups, whereas differences in body mass index and obesity were significantly higher in the patient group (65%; n = 98) than the control group (46%; n = 69) (p = 0.001). Skipping meals “everyday” was significantly high (p = 0.044), and lunch was the most skipped meal in the patient group. The three most preferred cooking methods were oven baking, boiling, and frying for both groups. Daily water intake in the patient group was lower than in the control group (p = 0.026). Dietary intake for carotene and vitamin K were significantly lower in the patient group than the control group, but the opposite was true for vitamin D intake (p < 0.05). Daily consumption of bread and dairy products were highest in the patient group (p < 0.05). The physical activity rate was 35% (n = 53) in the control group and 28% (n = 42) in the patient group. Regular walking was the most preferred activity in both groups (p = 0.037). Active monitoring of individual diet and hydration along with supporting professional counseling are advisable. In addition, a healthy lifestyle including weight control and regular physical activity can be helpful to reduce symptoms of dizziness/vertigo.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184055
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4056: A Multi-Omics and Human Biomonitoring
Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Fortified Balanced
Energy–Protein Supplementation on Maternal and Newborn Health in
Burkina Faso: A Study Protocol
Authors: Yuri Bastos-Moreira, Lionel Ouédraogo, Marthe De Boevre, Alemayehu Argaw, Brenda de Kok, Giles T. Hanley-Cook, Lishi Deng, Moctar Ouédraogo, Anderson Compaoré, Kokeb Tesfamariam, Rasmané Ganaba, Lieven Huybregts, Laeticia Celine Toe, Carl Lachat, Patrick Kolsteren, Sarah De Saeger, Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg
First page: 4056
Abstract: Fortified balanced energy–protein (BEP) supplementation is a promising intervention for improving maternal health, birth outcomes and infant growth in low- and middle-income countries. This nested biospecimen sub-study aimed to evaluate the physiological effect of multi-micronutrient-fortified BEP supplementation on pregnant and lactating women and their infants. Pregnant women (15–40 years) received either fortified BEP and iron–folic acid (IFA) (intervention) or IFA only (control) throughout pregnancy. The same women were concurrently randomized to receive either a fortified BEP supplement during the first 6 months postpartum in combination with IFA for the first 6 weeks (i.e., intervention) or the postnatal standard of care, which comprised IFA alone for 6 weeks postpartum (i.e., control). Biological specimens were collected at different timepoints. Multi-omics profiles will be characterized to assess the mediating effect of BEP supplementation on the different trial arms and its effect on maternal health, as well as birth and infant growth outcomes. The mediating effect of the exposome in the relationship between BEP supplementation and maternal health, birth outcomes and infant growth were characterized via biomonitoring markers of air pollution, mycotoxins and environmental contaminants. The results will provide holistic insight into the granular physiological effects of prenatal and postnatal BEP supplementation.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184056
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4057: Whole Goat Milk-Based Formula versus
Whey-Based Cow Milk Formula: What Formula Do Infants Enjoy More'—A
Feasibility, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Camille Jung, Adolfo González Serrano, Christophe Batard, Elisa Seror, Georges Gelwane, Amélie Poidvin, Isabelle Lavallée, Annie Elbez, Maxime Brussieux, Colin Prosser, Sophie Gallier, Marc Bellaïche
First page: 4057
Abstract: (1) Background: While goat milk formula (GMF) is an alternative to cow milk formula (CMF), infants’ preferences for one over the other have not been formally assessed. Specifically, our aim in this study was to determine whether infants experience fewer feeding behavior problems with whole milk-based GMF than with conventional whey-based CMF. (2) Methods: This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with two-arm parallel assignment conducted in six pediatricians’ offices in or near Paris, France, between June 2018 and 31 December 2021. Overall, 64 healthy infants (≤4 months old), predominantly formula-fed, were randomly assigned to either the whole milk-based GMF (n = 33) or whey-based CMF (n = 31) arm. Parents completed the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) and the modified QUALIN questionnaire to evaluate infant feeding behavior and quality of life (psychomotor and socioemotional development), respectively, at inclusion (1 to 5 days before milk delivery) and the final visit (day 28 ± 3 after milk delivery). Informed consent was obtained for all recruited patients, and an ethical committee approved the study. (3) Results: Changes in BEBQ Enjoyment of Food and Slowness in Eating subscale scores from inclusion to final visit did not differ between arms. However, there were significant improvements in subscale scores for Food Responsiveness (GMF: 0.15 ± 1; CMF: −0.48 ± 0.81; p = 0.010) and General Appetite (GMF: 0.26 ± 1.2; CMF: −0.48 ± 0.88; p = 0.012), and modified QUALIN (GMF: 4.6 ± 9.4; CMF: −0.40 ± 7.6; p = 0.03) scores in favor of the GMF group. (4) Conclusions: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, GMF-fed infants exhibited a greater general appetite than CMF-fed infants, possibly due to differences in the composition of these formulas (i.e., protein and lipid profiles). In addition, GMF-fed infants enjoyed a better quality of life. There was no difference in food enjoyment between groups. These findings suggest that whole-milk-based GMF could be an attractive alternative to whey-based CMF. Clinical trial registration: NCT03488758 (clinicaltrials.gov).
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184057
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4058: Age-Related Dietary Habits and Blood
Biochemical Parameters in Patients with and without Steatosis—MICOL
Cohort
Authors: Rossella Donghia, Pasqua Letizia Pesole, Antonino Castellaneta, Sergio Coletta, Francesco Squeo, Caterina Bonfiglio, Giovanni De Pergola, Roberta Rinaldi, Sara De Nucci, Gianluigi Giannelli, Alfredo Di Leo, Rossella Tatoli
First page: 4058
Abstract: Background: Steatosis is now the most common liver disease in the world, present in approximately 25% of the global population. The aim of this study was to study the association between food intake and liver disease and evaluate the differences in blood parameters in age classes and steatosic condition. Methods: The present study included 1483 participants assessed in the fourth recall of the MICOL study. Patients were subdivided by age (</>65 years) and administered a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 28 food groups. Results: The prevalence of steatosis was 55.92% in the adult group and 55.88% in the elderly group. Overall, the results indicated many statistically significant blood parameters and dietary habits. Analysis of food choices with a machine learning algorithm revealed that in the adult group, olive oil, grains, processed meat, and sweets were associated with steatosis, while the elderly group preferred red meat, dairy, seafood, and fruiting vegetables. Furthermore, the latter ate less as compared with the adult group. Conclusions: Many differences were found between the two age groups, both in blood parameters and food intake. The random forest also revealed different foods predicted steatosis in the two groups. Future analysis will be useful to understand the molecular basis of these differences and how different food intake causes steatosis in people of different ages.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184058
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4059: The Mother–Child Dyad Adipokine
Pattern: A Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Jolanta Lis-Kuberka, Małgorzata Pupek, Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
First page: 4059
Abstract: An important role in the network of interconnections between the mother and child is played by adipokines, which are adipose tissue hormones engaged in the regulation of metabolism. Alternations of maternal adipokines translate to the worsening of maternal insulin resistance as well as metabolic stress, altered placenta functions, and fetal development, which finally contribute to long-term metabolic unfavorable conditions. This paper is the first to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning the concentrations of individual adipokines in different biological fluids of maternal and cord plasma, newborn/infant plasma, milk, and the placenta, where it highlights the impact of adverse perinatal risk factors, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and maternal obesity on the adipokine patterns in maternal–infant dyads. The importance of adipokine measurement and relationships in biological fluids during pregnancy and lactation is crucial for public health in the area of prevention of most diet-related metabolic diseases. The review highlights the huge knowledge gap in the field of hormones participating in the energy homeostasis and metabolic pathways during perinatal and postnatal periods in the mother–child dyad. An in-depth characterization is needed to confirm if the adverse outcomes of early developmental programming might be modulated via maternal lifestyle intervention.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184059
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4060: Effects of Plant-Based Protein
Interventions, with and without an Exercise Component, on Body
Composition, Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic
Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Isobel L. Stoodley, Lily M. Williams, Lisa G. Wood
First page: 4060
Abstract: Maintaining muscle mass, strength, and function is crucial for our aging population. Exercise and dietary protein intake are recommended strategies; however, animal proteins have been the most studied. Plant-based protein sources have lower digestibility and incomplete amino acid profiles. However new innovative plant-based proteins and products may have overcome these issues. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the current research and evaluate the effects of plant-based protein interventions compared to placebo on body composition, strength, and physical function in older adults (≥60 years old). The secondary aim was whether exercise improved the effectiveness of plant-based protein on these outcomes. Randomized controlled trials up to January 2023 were identified through Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Studies contained a plant-protein intervention, and assessed body composition, strength, and/or physical function. Thirteen articles were included, all using soy protein (0.6–60 g daily), from 12 weeks to 1 year. Narrative summary reported positive effects on muscle mass over time, with no significant differences compared to controls (no intervention, exercise only, animal protein, or exercise + animal protein interventions). There was limited impact on strength and function. Meta-analysis showed that plant-protein interventions were comparable to controls, in all outcomes. In conclusion, plant-protein interventions improved muscle mass over time, and were comparable to other interventions, warranting further investigation as an anabolic stimulus in this vulnerable population.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184060
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4061: A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
with Photodiode Array Detection Method for Simultaneous Determination of
Three Compounds Isolated from Wikstroemia ganpi: Assessment of the Effects
on Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Min-Ji Keem, Seong-Wook Seo, Taeyoung Kim, Beom-Geun Jo, Su-Nam Kim, In-Soo Yoon, Min Hye Yang
First page: 4061
Abstract: In natural products, the content and quality of the marker components differ depending on the part, production area, collection period, and extraction method; therefore, a standardized analysis method is required to obtain consistent results. This study developed a simultaneous analysis method for three marker components (7-methoxylutolin-5-O-glucoseide, pilloin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, rutarensin) isolated and purified from Wikstroemia ganpi (W. ganpi). Simultaneous analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) method that was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The developed analytical method exhibited linearity (r2 > 0.999), detection limits (0.72–3.34 μg/mL), and quantification limits (2.19–10.22 μg/mL). The relative standard deviation (RSD) value of intra- and inter-day precisions was less than 1.68%, and analyte recoveries (93.42–117.55%; RSD < 1.86%) were validated according to the analytical procedures, and all parameters were within the allowable range. Quantitative analysis of the three marker components from W. ganpi MeOH extract (WGM) showed 7-methoxylutolin-5-O-glucoseide with the highest content (51.81 mg/g). The inhibitory effects of WGM on cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrate drugs were further investigated. The in vitro study revealed that WGM inhibited the CYP3A-mediated metabolism of buspirone and that 7-methoxylutolin-5-O-glucoseide and pilloin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside inhibited the metabolism of buspirone with IC50 values of 2.73 and 18.7 μM, respectively. However, a single oral dose of WGM did not have significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of buspirone in rats, suggesting that WGM cannot function as an inhibitor of CYP3A-mediated metabolism in vivo.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-19
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184061
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4062: Evaluation of Tibial Hemodynamic Response
to Glucose Tolerance Test in Young Healthy Males and Females
Authors: Si Chen, Shubo Wang, Shuqiao Ding, Chuan Zhang
First page: 4062
Abstract: The relationship between glucose metabolism and bone health remains underexplored despite its clinical relevance. This study utilized the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to probe gender-specific disparities in tibial hemodynamic responses among young healthy adults. Twenty-eight healthy participants (14 males) aged 18–28 years old were recruited for this study. After ingesting a 75 g glucose solution, tibial hemodynamic responses were captured using NIRS in combination with a 5 min ischemic reperfusion technique, both before and at 30 min intervals for two hours post-glucose ingestion. Parameters measured included oxidative metabolic rate (via tissue saturation index [TSI]), immediate recovery slope after occlusion release (TSI10), and total recovery magnitude (ΔTSI). Post-glucose ingestion, both genders demonstrated a surge in blood glucose concentrations at every time point compared to baseline (p < 0.001, 0.002, 0.009, and 0.039 for males; p < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.002, and 0.017 for females). Baseline tibial metabolic rate, TSI10, and ΔTSI did not significantly differ between males and females (p = 0.734, 0.839, and 0.164, respectively), with no discernible temporal effects in any hemodynamic parameters within each gender (p = 0.864, 0.308, and 0.399, respectively, for males; p = 0.973, 0.453, and 0.137, respectively, for females). We found comparable tibial hemodynamic responses to OGTT between genders. This study demonstrated the utility of NIRS in evaluating tibial hemodynamic responses to glucose ingestion through OGTT, enriching our understanding of the body’s metabolic responses to glucose intake.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184062
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4063: The Synergistic Effect of Dietary Acid
Load Levels and Cigarette Smoking Status on the Risk of Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Healthy, Middle-Aged Korean Men
Authors: Jihyun Park, Mi Ri Ha, Juhyun Song, Oh Yoen Kim
First page: 4063
Abstract: We investigated whether cigarette smoking and dietary acid load (DAL) are associated with a risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in healthy, middle-aged Korean men. Healthy men without diagnosed chronic disease (aged 40–64 years) from the KNHANES-VI (2013–2015) were included in the analysis (n = 774) and were subdivided by smoking status and DAL levels, as estimated using the quartile of net endogenous acid production (NEAP). The current smokers tended to have a higher risk of COPD than the never-smokers before and after adjustment. When divided by the DAL quartile, the Q4 group tended to have a higher risk of COPD than the Q1 group. Additionally, the current smokers with lower (Q2), modest (Q3), and the highest NEAP scores (Q4) showed risks of COPD that were more than fourfold higher than those of the never-smokers with the lowest NEAP scores (Q1). The ex-smokers with higher NEAP scores (Q3 and Q4) showed risks of COPD that were more than fourfold higher than those of the Q1 group. Interestingly, the risk of COPD was also more than sixfold higher in the never-smokers with the highest NEAP scores compared to that in the Q1 group. The NEAP scores and smoking status synergistically increased the risk of COPD in healthy, middle-aged Korean men. This suggests that DAL levels are an important factor in the prevention and management of COPD.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184063
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4064: Is There a Time and a Place for the
Gluten-Free Diet in Potential Celiac Disease'
Authors: Roxana Nemteanu, Andreea Clim, Corina Elena Hincu, Liliana Gheorghe, Irina Ciortescu, Anca Trifan, Alina Plesa
First page: 4064
Abstract: Potential celiac disease (PCD) is characterized by the absence of villous atrophy on duodenal biopsies (Marsh 0 or 1) despite positive celiac serology and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 heterodimers. Recent epidemiological studies report that PCD represents one fifth of the total CD diagnoses. Compared to patients with CD, the majority of adult patients with PCD show lower rates of nutrient deficiencies and extraintestinal symptoms at diagnosis. Recommending a gluten-free diet (GFD) to PCD patients depends on whether they have symptoms or not. A significant clinical improvement is reported by symptomatic patients, but for asymptomatic PCD, diet implementation is still a matter of debate. Some questions remain to be answered: does PCD serve as an intermediary phase leading to the progression of true CD' Is it reasonable to hypothesize that PCD and active CD represent different manifestations of the same condition' Is there a potential for both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of CD in those who may have the condition' Additional research is required to address these inquiries and ascertain the specific subset of people with potential progression to overt CD, as well as to determine the potential advantages of early implementation of a GFD for these individuals. The investigation of risk factors in CD warrants examination of variables such as the timing of diagnosis, the genetic profile, the extent of gluten exposure, and the composition of the microbiome.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184064
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4065: Multi-Level Determinants of Food
Insecurity among Racially and Ethnically Diverse College Students
Authors: Nashira I. Brown, Acadia W. Buro, Rashida Jones, David Himmelgreen, Amber D. Dumford, Kyaien Conner, Marilyn Stern, Rita DeBate
First page: 4065
Abstract: Compared with the general population, the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) is higher among college students. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated FI disparities and highlighted the need for further research to better understand and address FI in this population. Although race and ethnicity are two of the strongest predictors of FI among college students, little research is available on the determinants of FI among racial/ethnic minority college students. A cross-sectional study (n = 588) based on the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework was examined to identify population-specific determinants of FI among racially/ethnically diverse college students through the assessment of multiple domains (behavioral, environmental, socio-cultural) and levels of influence (individual, interpersonal, and community levels). Discrimination was the sole predictor of FI for non-Hispanic Black students. Coping mechanisms for FI (savings, reduced intake) and body mass index (BMI) were predictors of FI for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White students. Additionally, decreased holistic support from faculty and staff was also observed as a predictor of FI in Hispanic students. Implications include the need for further research and the development of multi-level, tailored interventions to address FI among college students with the goal of decreasing disparities.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184065
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4066: The Effect of a High-Protein Diet
Supplemented with Blackthorn Flower Extract on Polyphenol Bioavailability
and Antioxidant Status in the Organs of C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Vedran Balta, Domagoj Đikić, Irena Landeka Jurčević, Dyana Odeh, Nada Oršolić, Nikola Ferara, Dario Dilber, Petar Dragičević, Verica Dragović-Uzelac
First page: 4066
Abstract: The health benefits of polyphenols are based on their bioavailability, which is why a significant portion of research focuses on factors that affect their bioavailability. Previous studies suggest that the intake of polyphenols along with macronutrients in food represents one of the key factors influencing the bioavailability of polyphenols and, consequently, their biological activity in the organism. Since polyphenols in the human diet are mainly consumed in food together with macronutrients, this study investigated the in vivo absorption, metabolism, and distribution of polyphenolic compounds from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a protein-enriched diet in the organs (small intestine, liver, kidney) of C57BL/6 mice. The bioaccumulation of polyphenol molecules, biologically available maximum concentrations of individual groups of polyphenol molecules, and their effect on the oxidative/antioxidative status of organs were also examined. The results of this study indicate increased bioabsorption and bioavailability of flavan-3-ols (EC, EGCG) and reduced absorption kinetics of certain polyphenols from the groups of flavonols, flavones, and phenolic acids in the organs of C57BL/6 mice after intragastric administration of the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins. Furthermore, subchronic intake of polyphenols from the water extract of blackthorn flower (Prunus spinosa L.) in combination with a diet enriched with whey proteins induces the synthesis of total glutathione (tGSH) in the liver and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and small intestine. The results of this study suggest potential applications in the development of functional foods aimed at achieving the optimal health status of the organism and the possibility of reducing the risk of oxidative stress-related disease.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184066
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4067: Association between Dietary Inflammatory
Index and Risk of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps in Kashgar Prefecture of
Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhuo-Jie He, Weili Yusufu, Shuang Zhang, Min-Yi Luo, Yong-Cheng Chen, Hui Peng, Xing-Yang Wan
First page: 4067
Abstract: Malignant colorectal tumors and precancerous lesions are closely associated with chronic inflammation. Specific dietary patterns can increase chronic inflammation in the body, thereby promoting the occurrence of tumors and precancerous lesions. We have conducted a case–control study in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, to explore the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP). A total of 52 newly diagnosed patients with CAP and 192 controls at the First People’s Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture were enrolled in this study. Dietary information was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The E-DII was calculated based on dietary data, reflecting an individual’s dietary inflammatory potential. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between the E-DII and the risk of CAP, with adjustments for potential confounding factors. The results showed that the maximum anti- and pro-inflammatory values of E-DII were −4.33 and +3.48, respectively. Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of CAP, and this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, and other relevant variables. Notably, a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern may be related to an increased risk of developing CAP in Kashgar Prefecture.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184067
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4068: Comment on Xiang et al. Association
between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Vitamin D Status in Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023, 15, 639
Authors: Roshan Kumar Mahat, Vedika Rathore
First page: 4068
Abstract: We read with great interest the article entitled “Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Vitamin D Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” by Xiang Q et al. [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184068
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4069: Reply to Mahat, R.K.; Rathore, V. Comment
on “Xiang et al. Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index
and Vitamin D Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023, 15,
639”
Authors: Qunyan Xiang, Hui Xu, Junkun Zhan, Shuzhen Lu, Shuang Li, Yanjiao Wang, Yi Wang, Jieyu He, Yuqing Ni, Linsen Li, Yiyang Liu, Youshuo Liu
First page: 4069
Abstract: We are pleased to see that Mahat and Rathore [...]
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184069
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4070: The Effect of Polyphenols, Minerals,
Fibers, and Fruits on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giuseppe Chiarioni, Stefan Lucian Popa, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Cristina Pop, Dinu Iuliu Dumitrascu, Vlad Dumitru Brata, Traian Adrian Duse, Victor Incze, Teodora Surdea-Blaga
First page: 4070
Abstract: Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Various dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and management of IBS symptoms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of polyphenols, minerals, fibers, and fruits on the symptoms and overall well-being of individuals with IBS. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in several electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published up until July 2023 were included. Results: The selected studies varied in terms of study design, participant characteristics, intervention duration, and outcome measures. Overall, the findings suggest that dietary interventions involving polyphenols, minerals, fibers, and fruits can have a positive impact on IBS symptoms. Dietary fiber supplementation, particularly soluble fiber, has been associated with reduced bloating and enhanced stool consistency. Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence supporting the beneficial effects of polyphenols, minerals, fibers, and fruits in IBS patients. These dietary components hold promise as complementary approaches for managing IBS symptoms. However, due to the heterogeneity of the included studies and the limited number of high-quality randomized controlled trials, further well-designed trials are warranted to establish the optimal dosages, duration, and long-term effects of these interventions. Understanding the role of specific dietary components in IBS management may pave the way for personalized dietary recommendations and improve the quality of life for individuals suffering from this complex disorder.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184070
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4071: Impact of Replacing Soft Drinks with Dairy
Products on Micronutrient Intakes of Chinese Preschool Children: A
Simulation Study
Authors: Yiding Zhuang, Jia Yin, Fei Han, Jialu You, Ye Ding, Zhixu Wang
First page: 4071
Abstract: At present, energy surplus and micronutrient deficiency coexist in preschool children in China. The low intake of dairy products accompanied by an increased consumption of soft drinks in this age group reveals some of the reasons for this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of key micronutrients in preschool children by quantifying the dietary nutritional gap before and after simulating the use of dairy products instead of equal amounts of soft drinks. In the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children in China (2018–2019), 676 preschool children aged 3–6 years were randomly selected. Four days of dietary data were collected through an online diary for simulation. The individual intake of soft drinks was substituted at a corresponding volume by soymilk, cow’s milk, or formulated milk powder for preschool children (FMP-PSC). In these three models, the simulated nutrient intake and nutrient inadequacy or surplus were compared with the actual baseline data of the survey. The results of this study indicated that all three models made the nutrient intakes of this group more in line with the recommendations. For the whole population, the replacement of soymilk improved the intake of zinc (from 4.80 to 4.85 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 836.82 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 213.92 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), and vitamin B9 (from 115.94 to 122.79 μg dietary folate equivalent/d); the simulation of cow’s milk improved the intake of calcium (from 311.82 to 330.85 mg/d), zinc (from 4.80 to 4.87 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 833.62 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 215.12 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), vitamin B2 (from 0.53 to 0.54 mg/d), and vitamin B12 (from 1.63 to 1.67 μg/d); and the substitution of FMP-PSC improved the intake of calcium (from 311.82 to 332.32 mg/d), iron (from 9.91 to 9.36 mg/d), zinc (from 4.80 to 4.96 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 828.71 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 217.93 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), vitamin B2 (from 0.53 to 0.54 mg/d), vitamin B9 (from 115.94 to 118.80 μg RA dietary folate equivalent/d), and vitamin B12 (from 1.63 to 1.70 μg/d). Therefore, correct nutritional information should be provided to parents and preschool children. In addition to changing the consumption behavior of soft drinks, it is also necessary to have a diversified and balanced diet. When necessary, the use of food ingredients or nutritional fortifiers can be encouraged.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184071
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4072: Brown Fat and Nutrition: Implications for
Nutritional Interventions
Authors: Lloyd Noriega, Cheng-Ying Yang, Chih-Hao Wang
First page: 4072
Abstract: Brown and beige adipocytes are renowned for their unique ability to generate heat through a mechanism known as thermogenesis. This process can be induced by exposure to cold, hormonal signals, drugs, and dietary factors. The activation of these thermogenic adipocytes holds promise for improving glucose metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical therapies poses challenges, warranting further research to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and function of brown and beige adipocytes. Consequently, research has focused on the development of drugs, such as mirabegron, ephedrine, and thyroid hormone, that mimic the effects of cold exposure to activate brown fat activity. Additionally, nutritional interventions have been explored as an alternative approach to minimize potential side effects. Brown fat and beige fat have emerged as promising targets for addressing nutritional imbalances, with the potential to develop strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic diseases. Understanding the influence of nutritional factors on brown fat activity can facilitate the development of strategies to promote its activation and mitigate metabolic disorders.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184072
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4073: Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of
Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old
People
Authors: Caterina Tezze, Marco Sandri, Paolo Tessari
First page: 4073
Abstract: The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated with many potential factors and/or processes that impair the renovation and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered. Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, and β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids such as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), various biochemical/intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle in ageing. In this article, we overview the role of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of resistance, at the skeletal muscle level, to anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some indications on how to augment the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are provided.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184073
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4074: Alleviating Effects of Ovatodiolide and
Antcin K Supplements on High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction
in ApoE-Knockout Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chen-Wen Lu, Wen-Jhen Wu, Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen, Szu-Chuan Shen, Yeh-B. Wu, Hui-Ju Liang, Chung-Hsin Wu
First page: 4074
Abstract: A high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Many pure compounds have been demonstrated to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effects of oral ovatodiolide and antcin K (OAK) supplements on HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mice. Cardiovascular dysfunction was induced in ApoE-knockout mice by feeding them an HFD for 12 weeks. The degree of cardiovascular dysfunction was assessed through echocardiography, hematological and biochemical analyses, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The HFD-fed mice exhibited cardiovascular dysfunction—abnormal blood biochemical index. The arterial wall tissue exhibited the marked deposition of lipids, upregulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and CD36 receptors, and downregulated expression of the ABCA1 receptor. Macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity of the mice exhibited increased levels of lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species, and CD11b expression but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression of superoxide dismutase 2 was downregulated and that of tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in the myocardial tissue. Oral OAK supplements twice a day for 12 weeks significantly mitigated HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in the experimental mice. Oral OAK supplements appear to be a promising strategy for treating HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of lipid accumulation in the artery and oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular tissue.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184074
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4075: Evaluation of Acceptability,
Functionality, and Validity of a Passive Image-Based Dietary Intake
Assessment Method in Adults and Children of Ghanaian and Kenyan Origin
Living in London, UK
Authors: Modou L. Jobarteh, Megan A. McCrory, Benny Lo, Konstantinos K. Triantafyllidis, Jianing Qiu, Jennifer P. Griffin, Edward Sazonov, Mingui Sun, Wenyan Jia, Tom Baranowski, Alex K. Anderson, Kathryn Maitland, Gary Frost
First page: 4075
Abstract: Background: Accurate estimation of dietary intake is challenging. However, whilst some progress has been made in high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain behind, contributing to critical nutritional data gaps. This study aimed to validate an objective, passive image-based dietary intake assessment method against weighed food records in London, UK, for onward deployment to LMICs. Methods: Wearable camera devices were used to capture food intake on eating occasions in 18 adults and 17 children of Ghanaian and Kenyan origin living in London. Participants were provided pre-weighed meals of Ghanaian and Kenyan cuisine and camera devices to automatically capture images of the eating occasions. Food images were assessed for portion size, energy, nutrient intake, and the relative validity of the method compared to the weighed food records. Results: The Pearson and Intraclass correlation coefficients of estimates of intakes of food, energy, and 19 nutrients ranged from 0.60 to 0.95 and 0.67 to 0.90, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement between the image-based method and the weighed food record. Under-estimation of dietary intake by the image-based method ranged from 4 to 23%. Conclusions: Passive food image capture and analysis provides an objective assessment of dietary intake comparable to weighed food records.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184075
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4076: Caloric Restriction: A Novel Conditioning
Strategy to Improve the Survival of Ischemically Challenged
Musculocutaneous Random Pattern Flaps
Authors: Andrea Weinzierl, Maximilian Coerper, Yves Harder, Michael D. Menger, Matthias W. Laschke
First page: 4076
Abstract: Caloric restriction (CR) is a cost-effective and easy-to-perform approach to counteracting surgical stress. The present study therefore evaluates the tissue-protective effects of a 30% CR in musculocutaneous flaps undergoing ischemia. For this purpose, a well-established murine dorsal skinfold chamber model, in combination with random pattern musculocutaneous flaps, was used. C57BL/6N mice were divided at random into a CR group (n = 8) and a control group with unrestricted access to standard chow (n = 8). The CR animals were subjected to a 30% reduction in caloric intake for 10 days before flap elevation. Intravital fluorescence microscopy was carried out on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after flap elevation to assess the nutritive blood perfusion, angiogenesis and flap necrosis. Subsequently, the flap tissue was harvested for additional histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The CR-treated animals exhibited a significantly higher functional capillary density and more newly formed microvessels within the flap tissue when compared to the controls; this was associated with a significantly higher flap survival rate. Immunohistochemical analyses showed a decreased invasion of myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophilic granulocytes into the flap tissue of the CR-treated mice. Moreover, the detection of cleaved caspase-3 revealed fewer cells undergoing apoptosis in the transition zone between the vital and necrotic tissue in the flaps of the CR-treated mice. These results demonstrate that a CR of 30% effectively prevents flap necrosis by maintaining microperfusion on a capillary level and inhibiting inflammation under ischemic stress. Hence, CR represents a promising novel conditioning strategy for improving the survival of musculocutaneous flaps with random pattern perfusion.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-20
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184076
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4077: Thymus atlanticus: A Source of Nutrients
with Numerous Health Benefits and Important Therapeutic Potential for
Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Adil El Midaoui, Farid Khallouki, Réjean Couture, Florina Moldovan, Mahmoud Ali Ismael, Brice Ongali, Marie Yvonne Akoume, Chakib Alem, Ali Ait Boughrous, Wafa Zennouhi, Mhammed Chaoui Roqai, Lhoussain Hajji, Imen Ghzaiel, Anne Vejux, Gérard Lizard
First page: 4077
Abstract: Thymus atlanticus (Lamiaceae) is a plant endemic to the Mediterranean basin that is found in significant quantities in the arid regions of Morocco. Thymus atlanticus is used in traditional medicine to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases. It is also used for the isolation of essential oils and for the seasoning of many dishes in the Mediterranean diet. The major constituents of Thymus atlanticus are saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, various simple and hydroxycinnamic phenolic compounds, and terpene compounds. Several of these compounds act on signaling pathways of oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood sugar, which are parameters often dysregulated during aging. Due to its physiochemical characteristics and biological activities, Thymus atlanticus could be used for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases. These different aspects are treated in the present review, and we focused on phytochemistry and major age-related diseases: dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184077
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4078: Associations of Dietary Inflammatory
Potential with Esophageal Precancerous Lesions and Esophageal
Squamous-Cell Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jingwen Dong, Min Gao, Lin Li, Xiaoyu Pan, Sheng-Yin Chen, Jun Li, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Xiaoguang Li, Hui Wang, Jiali Zheng
First page: 4078
Abstract: Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the progression from esophageal precancerous lesions (EPLs) to esophageal squamous-cell cancer (ESCC). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the overall inflammatory potential of diets and EPLs and ESCC. We aimed to study the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and EPLs and ESCC. As part of the National Cohort of Esophageal Cancer (NCEC) in China, 3967 residents (1993 men and 1974 women) aged from 40 to 69 years living in Yanting County received free gastroscopy screenings from 2017 to 2019. Dietary intake during the past year was assessed at enrollment of the cohort before screening and DII scores were calculated based on 28 food parameters. EPLs (classified into mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia) and ESCC were histologically confirmed by biopsy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations of DII scores with EPLs and ESCC. A total of 312 participants were diagnosed with EPLs (226 with mild dysplasia, 40 with moderate dysplasia, and 46 with severe dysplasia) and 72 were diagnosed with ESCC. A statistically significant positive association was observed between DII scores and overall EPLs (ORT3 vs. T1 = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.01–2.09); the association was similar but not statistically significant for mild dysplasia (ORone-unit-increment = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.95–1.34) and for moderate and severe dysplasia combined (ORone-unit-increment = 1.15, 95%CI = 0.87–1.51). The association with ESCC was similar in magnitude but not significant, likely due to the small number of cases. In this cross-sectional study of a population in China at high risk of ESCC, DII scores were positively associated with odds of EPLs and ESCC. Consumption of anti-inflammatory foods may be beneficial to prevent EPLs and ESCC.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184078
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4079: Associations between Milk Intake and Sleep
Disorders in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jinzhong Xu, Jiaying Lao, Qingxi Jiang, Wenhui Lin, Xiyi Chen, Chongrong Zhu, Shencong He, Wenbo Xie, Fan Wang, Bo Yang, Yanlong Liu
First page: 4079
Abstract: We aimed to examine the association of milk intake with sleep disorders and their specific indicators. The current study included 768 adults aged 28–95 from Wenling, China. Milk intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire with ten food items, while sleep disorders were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with higher scores indicating poorer sleep. The participants were divided into two groups according to the average intake of milk per week: rare intake (≤62.5 mL/week) and regular intake (>62.5 mL/week). Primary measurements were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of sleep disorders concerning regular milk intake compared with rare intake. In secondary analyses, linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of milk intake on sleep disorders and their specific dimensions. Regular intake of milk did not have a significant association with sleep disorders compared with rare intake (adjusted OR: 0.72, 95%; CI: 0.51, 1.03), but this association was found to be pronounced with sleep disturbances (OR: 0.49, 95%; CI: 0.28, 0.87). Increased intake of milk was significantly associated with the lower scores of PSQI for sleep quality (β: −0.045, 95%; CI: −0.083, −0.007) and sleep disturbances (β: −0.059, 95%; CI: −0.090, −0.029), respectively. When stratified by age and gender, the benefits of milk intake for sleep disorders and sleep disturbances were more significant in older adults (≥65) and men than in younger persons and women. In summary, regular milk intake benefits sleep quality, which may contribute to nutritional psychiatric support for prevention against sleep disorders.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184079
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4080: Chinese Sumac Fruits (Rhus chinesis
Mill.) Alleviate Type 2 Diabetes in C57BL/6 Mice through Repairing Islet
Cell Functions, Regulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT Pathways and Promoting the Entry
of Nrf2 into the Nucleus
Authors: Xiaojing Liu, Shengbao Cai, Junjie Yi, Chuanqi Chu
First page: 4080
Abstract: This research aimed to probe the potential alleviative effects of ethanol extracts of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinesis Mill.) fruits against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFFD) and streptozotocin. The results showed that the ethanol extracts could significantly regulate blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, insulin, and insulin resistance, while also restoring endogenous oxidative stress. Pathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the extracts partially restored the physiological function of islet cells. Furthermore, Western blotting results suggested that the extracts could regulate the protein expression in IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and immunofluorescence findings demonstrated their potential to promote the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. This study elucidated a novel finding that ethanol extracts derived from Chinese sumac fruits have the potential to alleviate symptoms of T2DM in mice. Moreover, these findings could offer valuable scientific insights into the potential utilization of R. chinensis fruits as nutritional supplement and/or functional food to prevent or ameliorate diabetes.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184080
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4081: Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation on
Inflammatory Marker Concentrations in Older Adults
Authors: Samuel Adler, Wyatt Olsen, Bryna Rackerby, Rachel Spencer, David C. Dallas
First page: 4081
Abstract: Although whey protein isolate (WPI) has been shown to be immunomodulatory, its ability to modulate production of a broad array of inflammatory markers has not previously been investigated in healthy adults. We investigated the effects of daily supplementation with 35 g of WPI for 3 weeks on inflammatory marker concentrations in the blood serum and feces of 14 older adult subjects (mean age: 59). Serum was analyzed using a multiplex assay to quantify the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A and TNF-α. Fecal samples were analyzed using an ELISA for the inflammatory markers calprotectin and lactoferrin. Our results yielded high inter-subject variability and a significant proportion of cytokine concentrations that were below our method’s limit of quantification. We observed decreases in serum IL-12p70 in the washout phase compared with baseline, as well as the washout stage for fecal lactoferrin relative to the intervention stage. Serum IL-13 was also significantly reduced during the intervention and washout stages. Our data suggest that whey protein supplementation did not significantly alter most inflammatory markers measured but can alter concentrations of some inflammatory markers in healthy older adults. However, our study power of 35% suggests the number of participants was too low to draw strong conclusions from our data.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184081
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4082: The Role of Front-of-Package Nutrition
Labels with and without Explanatory Videos on Parent and Child Food
Choices
Authors: Dan J. Graham, Rachel G. Lucas-Thompson, Gina Slejko
First page: 4082
Abstract: The aim of this research was to determine whether parent/child pairs choosing products from a grocery aisle labeled with front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels would make more healthful choices than pairs who viewed the same items without labels, and to determine the added value of viewing an explanatory video before choosing. In this experiment, 175 parent/child pairs chose USD 20 worth of packaged foods and beverages from a grocery aisle in a research laboratory and were randomly assigned to see products that either did or did not have 0–4-star FOP labels, with more stars indicating more healthful products. Among those participants with access to FOP labels, half were randomly assigned to view a 30 s video explaining the FOP labels before selecting foods. Participants who saw the explanatory video before selecting among products with FOP labels chose foods with significantly more stars than participants who saw the FOP-labeled products without the video; however, there was no significant difference in mean stars on selected products between the group that saw the videos and the control group that saw neither the video nor FOP labels. We conclude that explaining new FOP labels to consumers may be necessary for the labels to prompt more healthful choices.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184082
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4083: Investigating the Combined Effects of
Mechanical Stress and Nutrition on Muscle Hypertrophic Signals Using
Contractile 3D-Engineered Muscle (3D-EM)
Authors: Dong Yi, Takeshi Sugimoto, Teppei Matsumura, Sho Yokoyama, Toshia Fujisato, Tomohiro Nakamura, Takeshi Hashimoto
First page: 4083
Abstract: Since 3D-EM closely resembles in vivo muscles, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise (electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)) and nutrition (maca), which contains triterpenes, on muscle hypertrophy by using 3D-EM for the first time. The 3D-EM was composed of C2C12 cells and type 1 collagen gel, was differentiated for 14 days, and was divided into four groups: control, maca, EPS, and maca + EPS. The medium was replaced every two days before each EPS intervention, and the concentration of maca in the culture solution was 1 mg/mL. The intervention conditions of the EPS were 30 V, 1 Hz, and 2 ms (24 h on, 24 h off, for one week). The expression levels of proteins were examined by Western blotting. The intervention of maca and EPS upregulated the expression of MHC-fast/slow (both p < 0.05) compared with the control group, and the addition of maca had no effect on the phosphorylation of mTOR (p = 0.287) but increased the AMPK phosphorylation (p = 0.001). These findings suggest that intervention with maca and EPS has a positive effect on muscle hypertrophy, which has a positive impact on sarcopenia. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184083
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4084: Refeeding Syndrome in Older Hospitalized
Patients: Incidence, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Kevin Terlisten, Rainer Wirth, Diana Daubert, Maryam Pourhassan
First page: 4084
Abstract: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a serious metabolic disturbance that manifests after reintroducing nutrition to severely malnourished individuals. Especially susceptible are older patients, due to higher malnutrition rates, although the incidence remains uncertain. Our study aimed to assess the occurrence and management of RFS in malnourished older hospitalized patients. This prospective study included 156 malnourished older patients, with malnutrition identified using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. We evaluated critical biochemical parameters at admission and for ten days after starting nutritional therapy. Using the consensus evidence-based approach, we managed and evaluated RFS. We also tracked mortality and unexpected hospital readmissions for six months after discharge. The average patient age was 82.3 ± 7.5 years, with 69% female. Patients showed hypophosphatemia (23%), hypomagnesemia (31%), and hypokalemia (6%) on admission. Prior to nutritional replenishment, patients were classified as being at low (64%), high (30%), or very high risk (6%) for RFS. After nutritional therapy, 14% and 5% developed imminent and manifest RFS, respectively. There were no significant differences in six-month post-discharge mortality rates or unexpected hospital readmissions between patients with or without RFS. Despite adherence to guideline-recommended management, RFS can persist. No elevated mortality was noted in RFS patients, potentially due to early diagnosis and treatment.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184084
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4085: Isolation, Identification, Activity
Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action of Neuroprotective Peptides from
Walnuts: A Review
Authors: Li Zhang, Yu-Ying Bai, Zi-Shan Hong, Jing Xie, Yang Tian
First page: 4085
Abstract: As human life expectancy increases, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in older adults has increased in parallel. Walnuts contain bioactive peptides with demonstrated neuroprotective effects, making them a valuable addition to the diet. We here present a comprehensive review of the various methods used to prepare, isolate, purify, and identify the neuroprotective peptides found in walnuts. We further summarise the different approaches currently used to evaluate the activity of these peptides in experimental settings, highlighting their potential to reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and promote autophagy, as well as to regulate the gut microflora and balance the cholinergic system. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research concerning bioavailability and improving or masking the bitter taste and sensory properties of final products containing the identified walnut neuroprotective peptides to ensure successful adoption of these peptides as functional food ingredients for neurohealth promotion.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184085
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4086: A Large Genetic Causal Analysis of the Gut
Microbiota and Urological Cancers: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization
Study
Authors: Zhaofa Yin, Bohan Liu, Shijian Feng, Yushi He, Cai Tang, Pengan Chen, Xinyi Wang, Kunjie Wang
First page: 4086
Abstract: Background: Several observational studies and clinical trials have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with urological cancers. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and urological cancers remains to be elucidated due to many confounding factors. Methods: In this study, we used two thresholds to identify gut microbiota GWAS from the MiBioGen consortium and obtained data for five urological cancers from the UK biobank and Finngen consortium, respectively. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with Wald ratio or inverse variance weighted as the main method. We also performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of the results. In addition, we performed a reverse MR analysis to examine the direction of causality. Results: Our study found that family Rikenellaceae, genus Allisonella, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG001, genus Oscillibacter, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Eubacterium ruminantium group, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG013, and genus Senegalimassilia were related to bladder cancer; genus Ruminococcus torques group, genus Oscillibacter, genus Barnesiella, genus Butyricicoccus, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005 were related to prostate cancer; class Alphaproteobacteria, class Bacilli, family Family XI, genus Coprococcus2, genus Intestinimonas, genus Lachnoclostridium, genus Lactococcus, genus Ruminococcus torques group, and genus Eubacterium brachy group were related to renal cell cancer; family Clostridiaceae 1, family Christensenellaceae, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and genus Eubacterium eligens group were related to renal pelvis cancer; family Peptostreptococcaceae, genus Romboutsia, and genus Subdoligranulum were related to testicular cancer. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses proved that our results were reliable. Conclusions: Our study confirms the role of specific gut microbial taxa on urological cancers, explores the mechanism of gut microbiota on urological cancers from a macroscopic level, provides potential targets for the screening and treatment of urological cancers, and is dedicated to providing new ideas for clinical research.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184086
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4087: Factors Associated with Long-Term Dietary
Supplement Use among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional
Study
Authors: Seonghye Kim, Yohwan Yeo, Jinyoung Shin, Dong Wook Shin, Belong Cho, Yun-Mi Song
First page: 4087
Abstract: Purpose: The factors associated with the dietary supplement (DS) use of Asian breast cancer survivors in consideration of the duration of use and types of DS have not been well established. Methods: We recruited 693 Korean female breast cancer survivors at two university-affiliated hospitals and collected study data through a self-administered questionnaire and a review of medical records. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the multivariable-adjusted association between DS use and study variables. Results: The prevalence of any (≥2 weeks) and long-term (≥6 months) DS use among study participants was 48.2% and 12.0%, respectively. Education level, alcohol use, adequate physical activity (≥150 min/week), and time lapse after cancer diagnosis were positively associated with any DS use. Among DS users, as compared with short-term (≥2 weeks and <6 months) users, long-term users were more likely to have a higher cancer stage, more diverse cancer treatment modalities, a shorter time since cancer diagnosis, and lower fear of cancer recurrence. When we repeated the analysis for each DS type, time lapse after cancer diagnosis showed a consistently inverse association with long-term use of the most frequently consumed DS (multivitamins, followed by vitamin D/calcium, vitamin C, and omega-3). The number of cancer treatment modalities was positively associated with the long-term use of multivitamins and vitamin D/calcium. Alcohol consumption and low bone mineral density were positively associated with long-term vitamin D/calcium use. Conclusions: The factors associated with DS use differed by the duration of DS use and specific DS type. Long-term DS use was more frequently associated with cancer-related factors.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184087
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4088: Can Kindergarten Meals Improve the Daily
Intake of Vegetables, Whole Grains, and Nuts among Preschool Children' A
Randomized Controlled Evaluation
Authors: Maja Berlic, Tadej Battelino, Mojca Korošec
First page: 4088
Abstract: Surveys have indicated that preschool children do not consume adequate amounts of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and nuts. This cross-sectional intervention study aimed to investigate whether a meticulously crafted meal plan for children of kindergarten age (5–6 years) could effectively enhance their daily intake of nutritious foods. Ninety-four healthy children from six kindergartens were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to a prototype group (PG) and a control group (CG). The PG kindergartens (n = 4) received a prototype 5-day meal plan that included regulated portions of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and nuts adhering to dietary guidelines. Conversely, the CG kindergartens (n = 2) adhered to their standard meal plan. Participants maintained their usual eating habits outside of kindergarten and during weekends. Using the dietary assessment tool Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition (OPEN), combined with a 7-day dietary record of food consumed inside and outside the kindergarten, the average daily intake of specific food groups was assessed and compared with the Dietary Guidelines for Children. A total of 57 participants completed the study, 40 from the PG and 17 from the CG. Among the PG participants, the average daily intake of vegetables, whole grains, and nuts compared with the guideline recommendations was significantly higher than in the CG. Notably, only meals consumed within the kindergarten setting significantly improved the overall intake, with the outside intake having no significant effect. This study underscores the vital role of a well-designed and precisely executed meal plan in kindergartens in improving children’s intake of healthy foods. The findings could help drive positive changes in child nutrition within educational environments.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184088
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4089: Serum Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids and
Risk of Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Adverse Growth Patterns in
Offspring
Authors: Ninghua Li, Jing Li, Hui Wang, Yijuan Qiao, Weiqin Li, Ming Gao, Enqing Liu, Zhijie Yu, Gang Hu, Zhongze Fang, Junhong Leng, Xilin Yang
First page: 4089
Abstract: Background: To estimate associations of sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) in the early trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and estimate associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in offspring. Methods: We established a 1:1 matched case-control study (n = 486) from our cohort of pregnant women, and 401 children were followed up at ages 1 to 8 years. We conducted binary conditional logistic regression to estimate the risk associations of serum SAAs with GDM. Multinomial logistic regression was implemented to explore associations of maternal SAAs with adverse growth patterns in the offspring. Results: High serum methionine and cystine were independently associated with increased GDM risk (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.18–3.13 and 2.69, 1.59–4.53). Conversely, a low level of serum taurine was independently associated with increased GDM risk (2.61, 1.64–4.16). Maternal high cystine and low taurine were also associated with an increased risk of persistent obesity growth pattern (POGP) in offspring (OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.09–7.17 and 3.92, 1.11–13.89) and the effect was largely independent of GDM. Conclusions: High serum methionine, cystine and low serum taurine in the early trimester of pregnancy were associated with a greatly increased risk of GDM. Maternal high cystine and low taurine were associated with elevated risk of offspring POGP, largely independent of GDM.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184089
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4090: The Relationships between Various Factors
and Sleep Status: A Cross-Sectional Study among Healthy Saudi Adults
Authors: Sara AL-Musharaf, Basmah Albedair, Waad Alfawaz, Madhawi Aldhwayan, Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
First page: 4090
Abstract: Impaired sleep can adversely affect daily life. This study assesses the association between different factors and sleep status among apparently healthy Saudi adults. In total, 478 adults were included in this study. Data on anthropometrics, body composition, stress scales, physical activity, and dietary habits were collected. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured. Sleep quality and duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Larger neck circumference (NC) was associated with short sleep duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.08, 1.41]; p = 0.002). Higher triglyceride levels were associated with poor sleep quality (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.002, 1.02]; p = 0.019) and short sleep duration (OR 1.01; 95% CI [1.004, 1.02]; p = 0.005). Stress was a risk factor for poor sleep quality (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.09, 1.22]; p < 0.001). Being married was significantly associated with good sleep quality (OR 2.97; 95% CI [1.32, 6.71]; p = 0.009), while being single was correlated with longer sleep duration (OR 0.46; 95% CI [0.22, 0.96]; p = 0.039). Other factors such as having a larger waist circumference and more muscle mass were protective factors against poor sleep quality and/or short sleep duration. In conclusion, a larger NC is suggested as a risk factor for short sleep duration and a higher triglyceride level for both short and poor sleep among healthy Saudis. Investigating the factors associated with sleep status may help alleviate sleep disturbances and improve overall health. Further studies are needed to confirm causality using objective sleep measures.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184090
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4091: Changes in Nutrition, Physical Activity,
and Body Weight among Lithuanian Students during and after the COVID-19
Pandemic
Authors: Kriaučionienė, Grincaitė, Raskilienė, Petkevičienė
First page: 4091
Abstract: The long-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle changes remains understudied. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess changes in nutrition, physical activity, and body weight among Lithuanian students during the pandemic and their post-pandemic persistence. Data were collected from 1430 first-year students (325 males, 1105 females) through an online self-administered questionnaire. The students indicated an increase in the consumption of snacks, fast food, home-made confectionery, and sweets. A decrease in physical activity during the pandemic was reported by 34.9% of males and 33.2% of females. Lifestyle changes during the pandemic were associated with post-pandemic habits. A higher proportion of females (38.7%) than males (31.1%) indicated an increase in BMI, which was more pronounced among students with overweight. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that reduced physical activity; the increased consumption of red meat, snacks, fast food, and home-made confectionery during the pandemic; and post-pandemic BMI were linked with weight gain. After the pandemic, weight gain persisted in 40.9% of students who continued to follow unhealthy nutrition habits and had reduced physical activity. The study emphasizes that the promotion of a healthy diet and regular physical activity among university students is essential for developing lifelong habits that contribute to a healthy body weight and overall well-being.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184091
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
- Nutrients, Vol. 15, Pages 4092: Risk Profile of Patients with Brushite
Stone Disease and the Impact of Diet
Authors: Roswitha Siener, Maria Sofie Pitzer, Jan Speller, Albrecht Hesse
First page: 4092
Abstract: This study examined the profile of patients and the impact of diet on the risk of brushite stone formation under controlled, standardized conditions. Sixty-five patients with brushite nephrolithiasis were enrolled in the study. Metabolic, dietary, and 24 h urinary parameters were collected under the habitual, self-selected diet of the patients and the balanced mixed, standardized diet. The [13C2]oxalate absorption, ammonium chloride, and calcium loading tests were conducted. All patients had at least one abnormality on the usual diet, with hypercalciuria (84.6%), increased urine pH (61.5%), and hyperphosphaturia (43.1%) being the most common. Absorptive hypercalciuria was present in 32.1% and hyperabsorption of oxalate in 41.2%, while distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) was noted in 50% of brushite stone formers. The relative supersaturation of brushite did not differ between patients with and without dRTA. Among all recent brushite-containing calculi, 61.5% were mixed with calcium oxalate and/or carbonate apatite. The relative supersaturation of brushite, apatite, and calcium oxalate decreased significantly under the balanced diet, mainly due to the significant decline in urinary calcium, phosphate, and oxalate excretion. Dietary intervention was shown to be effective and should be an integral part of the treatment of brushite stone disease. Further research on the role of dRTA in brushite stone formation is needed.
Citation: Nutrients
PubDate: 2023-09-21
DOI: 10.3390/nu15184092
Issue No: Vol. 15, No. 18 (2023)
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