Authors:Abiola Folakemi Olaniran, Clinton Emeka Okonkwo, Yetunde Mary Iranloye, Olajumoke Olubunmi Morakinyo, Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo, Oluwakemi Christianah Erinle, Oluwaseun Peter Bamidele, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Adekunbi Adetola Malomo, Omorefosa Osarenkhoe Osemwegie Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Vitamin A deficiencies is a becoming persistent among young children and a growing concern to parents in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in crisis-affected areas. Fermented cereal paste from maize, millets, and sorghum grains are significant food for young children. Thus, the study focuses on food fortification using orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) as fortifier as studies have confirmed the presence of nutrients that can help meet the Vitamin A dietary requirement. The cereals were soaked ambient temperature (27 ± 1°C) for 72 hours and were blended with OFSP (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50), and the formulated products were studied for Vitamin A, β-carotene, proximate composition, physicochemical, functional properties, and storage. Application of OFSP as forticant increased the Vitamin A (4.98-6.65 mg/100 g), β-carotene (0.10-0.17 mg/100 g) and the calorific value (222.03-301.75 kcal) of the gluten-free multi-grain cereal paste. The addition of OFSP also increased the ash content (1.41%-3.35%), crude fiber (2.56%-4.225%), carbohydrate (39.83%-48.35%), total solid content (55.20%-60.87%), and water absorption capacity (112.20%-137.49%) of the formulated cereal samples. The fortified fermented paste was objectively stable throughout on the shelf from the storage studies. The study deduced that addition of orange-fleshed sweet potato to fermented mixed cereal paste as a fortifier can help increase the nutritional quality of the complementary food. Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-03-15T01:07:05Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388231155007 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Miranda A Moore, Benjamin A Cousineau, Krystyna Rastorguieva, Jonathan P Bonnet, Sharon H Bergquist Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Objective:To measure changes in micronutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthcare and university employees who underwent a 10-week teaching kitchen program.Methods:Thirty-eight healthcare and university employees participated in a 10-week teaching kitchen program. Twenty-seven completed self-administered, 24-hour dietary recalls to measure dietary intake at baseline and 3-months. Micronutrient adequacy and diet quality was assessed using Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).Results:Seventy percent of participants were classified as low or moderate micronutrient adequacy at baseline. The proportion of participants with high micronutrient adequacy increased from 30% to 48% at 3-month follow-up. Total HEI and most HEI components increased at follow-up; with a statistically significant increase in seafood/plant protein score (P = .007).Conclusions and Implications for Practice:Our results suggest an inadequacy in micronutrient intake in university and healthcare employees and that teaching kitchens may help improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality. Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-03-11T06:59:36Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388231159192 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Michael Akenteng Wiafe, Charles Apprey, Reginald Adjetey Annan Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Background:The rapid biological and physical changes during adolescence require adequate nutrient intake. This study assessed dietary diversity and nutritional status of adolescents living in selected rural areas in Ghana.Method:In this cross-sectional study, 137 young adolescents, aged 10 to 14 years were recruited. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, household size and food intake practices. A multiple past 24-hour recall was used to estimate the micronutrients intake. Haemoglobin and anthropometry data were assessed. Dietary diversity score was assessed with 10 food groups described by Food and Agricultural Organization. Descriptive, chi-square, binary regression and partial correlation were used in the data analysis.Results:The prevalence of underweight was 5.5%, overweight 5.8% and anaemia 29.9%. The mean dietary diversity score was 3.8 ± 0.8 and about 84.7% of participants had inadequate dietary diversity. Proportions of adolescents who consumed from the different food groups over a 24-hour period were: grains, white roots and tubers, plantain (100%); pulses (10.2%); nuts and seeds (34.1%); dairy (8%); meat, poultry and fish (86.9%); eggs (7.3%); dark green leafy vegetables (29.9%); other vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables (2.2%); other vegetables (81%); other fruits (7.3%). Dietary diversity scores were positively and significantly correlated with intake of micronutrient, with correlation coefficients of .169, .186, .191, .173 and .175 for vitamin A, niacin, vitamin B6, iron and zinc, respectively. Meal skipping (AOR = 12.2, P Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-03-11T06:52:40Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388231158487 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Ali Mohammadrezaei, Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani, Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi, Reihaneh Mousavi Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Background:Males are more likely than females to suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). So, sex hormones may modify these variations and affect the lipid profile. We examined the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and CVD risk factors among young males in this study.Methods:Using a cross-sectional design, we measured total testosterone, SHBG, lipids, glucose, insulin, antioxidant parameters, and anthropometric factors in 48 young males in the age range of 18 to 40 years. Atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. In this study, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between SHBG and other variables after adjustment for confounders.Results:According to the results of multivariable analyses adjusted for age and energy, SHBG had a negative correlation with total cholesterol (r = −.454, P =.010), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −.496, P =.005), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = .463, P =.009). No significant correlation was observed between SHBG and triglycerides (P >.05). Several atherogenic indices of plasma have a negative correlation with SHBG levels. These include Atherogenic Index of Plasma (r = −.474, P = .006), Castelli Risk Index (CRI)1 (r = −.581, P Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-02-24T07:31:35Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388231155006 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Lin Yan, Bret M Rust, Sneha Sundaram, Michael R Bukowski Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Dietary malpractice is a risk factor for obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that consumption of a high-fat diet alters mammary metabolome in pubertal mice. We performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of primary metabolism on mammary glands from pubertal mice fed the AIN93G standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. We identified 97 metabolites for statistical comparisons. The HFD altered the amino acid metabolism considerably. This included elevated expression of branched-chain amino acids, non-essential amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid), and methionine sulfoxide (oxidized methionine) and an alteration in the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, elevations of fumaric acid and malic acid (both are citrate cycle intermediates) and glyceric acid (its phosphate derivatives are intermediates of glycolysis) in HFD-fed mice suggest an acceleration of both citrate cycle and glycolysis. Lower expression of glycerol, oleic acid, and palmitoleic acid, as well as decreased mammary expression of genes encoding lipid metabolism (Acaca, Fads1, Fasn, Scd1, and Srebf1) in HFD-fed mice indicate an attenuated lipid metabolism in the presence of adequate dietary fat. In conclusion, consumption of the HFD for 3 weeks alters metabolic profile of pubertal mammary glands. This alteration may affect mammary development and growth in pubertal mice. Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-01-31T08:31:18Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388221148858 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Andreas Pfützner, Anke Pfützner, Mina Hanna, Filiz Demircik, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Tobias Wittig, Johan de Faire Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. Background:We conducted a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind randomized Study to assess the impact of a single dose of a nutritional Supplement (AB001) on alcohol absorption in healthy subjects. Other objectives were the impact on breath alcohol content, cognitive function 1 hour after alcohol uptake and tolerability.Method:A total of 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study (12 male, 12 female, age: 28.3 ± 10.8 years, BMI: 23.5 ± 5.7 kg/m²). On the experimental day, they ingested a light breakfast together with a single dose (2 capsules) of AB001 (or placebo) and drank 2 moderate glasses of spirit (a total of 0.6 g/kg body weight). Breath alcohol tests and blood draws for determination of blood alcohol levels were performed for up to 6 hours. After crossover, the experiment was repeated in the following week. Areas under the curves were calculated to determine alcohol absorption rates.Results:There was a significant reduction of blood alcohol by 10.1% (P Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-01-16T05:36:41Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388221141174 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
Authors:Amirhossein Behzadi, Sadegh imani, Niloofar Deravi, Zahra Mohammad Taheri, fatemeh mohammadian, zahra moraveji, Sepideh Shavysi, Motahareh Mostafaloo, Fateme Soleimani Hadidi, Sepehr Nanbakhsh, Sepehr Olangian-Tehrani, Mohammad Hesam Marabi, Parisa behshood, Mohadeseh Poudineh, Ali Kheirandish, Kimia Keylani, Pooya Behfarnia Abstract: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, Volume 16, Issue , January-December 2023. The use of synthetic drugs has increased in recent years; however, herbal medicine is yet more trusted among a huge population worldwide; This could be due to minimal side effects, affordable prices, and traditional beliefs. Lemongrass (Melissa officinalis) has been widely used for reducing stress and anxiety, increasing appetite and sleep, reducing pain, healing wounds, and treating poisonous insect bites and bee stings for a long time. Today, research has shown that this plant can also fight viruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) through various mechanisms such as inhibiting HSV-1 from binding to host cell, inhibiting HSV-1 replication during the post-adsorption or inhibiting main protease and spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, furthermore, be effective in treating related diseases. This Review investigated the antiviral properties of Melissa officinalis and its effect on viral diseases. More in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to determine Melissa officinaliss underlying mechanism, and more randomized controlled trials should be done to identify its effect in humans. Also, due to the usefulness and lack of side effects, it can be used more as a complementary medicine. Citation: Nutrition and Metabolic Insights PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:47:21Z DOI: 10.1177/11786388221146683 Issue No:Vol. 16 (2023)
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