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Science et Esprit
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 0316-5345 - ISSN (Online) 2562-9905
Published by Érudit

[139 journals]

LIMINAIRE. LE BON PASTEUR, UNE MÉTAPHORE PARLANTE POUR UN LEADERSHIP
D’AUJOURD’HUI '
- Abstract: Jean-François Garneau and Maxime Allard, o.p.
SHEPHERDS, FATHERS, AND SHIPS: Ancient Greek Leadership Metaphors and Some
Consequences
- Abstract: Joël Christensen
  This paper applies Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending theory to explore the development of the phrase “people-eating king” across the background of cultural metaphors for leadership. First, I present a brief definition of the conceptual metaphor. Then I survey some primary metaphors for leadership in early Greek epic: the father-king, and the shepherd of the host. The investigation covers how various elements of each metaphor are activated in myth, creating an interconnection myths of Lykaon, who becomes a werewolf by eating people, Agamemnon, who sacrifices his own daughter, and Odysseus, who kills his own people. The stories around these leaders, I argue, emerge from anxieties about the consumptive potential of leadership through a convergence of separate conceptual metaphors.
LEADERSHIP AS HERDING IN XENOPHON
- Abstract: Norman Sandridge and John Esposito
  The purpose of this paper is not so much to critique what Michel Foucault has to say on the idea of leadership as a form of herding, so much as to posit a different solution to the problems of the image of the shepherd-as-leader, offered by the other famous philosopher-student of Socrates, Xenophon of Athens. We consider leadership as herding in Xenophon, in his several works, but particularly in his Cyropaedia (The Education of Cyrus), a fourth-century BCE prose work that purports to tell us about (i) the life of Cyrus II (“the Great”) from his childhood education in the Persian system to his death and (ii) the great realization of Cyrus’s life, which is to have established the world’s first multinational empire. The reason for our focus on this work is simple: the self-justifying apologia that opens the Cyropaedia casts this King of Persia as the most remarkable herdsman-of-humans to have ever lived.
HOW DID JOSEPH BECOME THE SHEPHERD OF HIS BROTHERS'
- Abstract: Chi Ai Nguyen
  Through a narrative reading of Genesis 37-50, we will follow Joseph’s journey in order to show how he became the shepherd of his brothers. At the beginning of the story, Joseph is seen as someone who “was shepherding his brothers,” an indication that anticipates the essential traits of his mission. In order to accomplish his mission, Joseph first needed to go beyond the boundaries of the sheepfold for which he was responsible. Indeed, being victim of his own flock, he took some detours (from being the favored son sent by the father to being a slave and a prisoner) before becoming the shepherd of his brothers in a new way and in a new context. His journey was extraordinary because he went to the peripheries in order to become the center, not only of his own family but also of Egypt. The purpose of our paper is to show how Joseph, by handling violence with tact, can be a model for those who take care of others in a challenging situation.
« LE VRAI PASTEUR » (Jn 10,1-21) : l’ancrage dans l’expérience
commune d’un condensé christologique en quatre temps
- Abstract: Michel Gourgues, o.p.
  Among some 80 passages in the New Testament where the imagery of the shepherd comes into play, Jn 10:1-21 is the most elaborate, the most original and undoubtedly the most theologically rich passage. From a pastoral experience common in Antiquity and observable by all, Jesus, by exploiting various facets like so many metaphorical features, by adjusting and extending them in various ways, successively illuminates four dimensions of his own mystery: the purpose of his mission, the meaning of his death, the permanence of his presence and the certainty of his life to come.
UN LEADER PASTEUR ' Résister à une fausse bonne
idée
- Abstract: Maxime Allard, o.p.
  Often people reflecting on “Leadership” make use of the figure of the Shepherd. This article constructs this figure with La Fontaine’s Fables. With the result of this operation, with the consideration of the “lambs” involved in the figure also and exploring some strands of western philosophical and theological traditions, we show the limits of this figure to think political power and corporate leadership. We limit its use to some specific social interactions.
UN ARCHÉTYPE INFANTILISANT DU LEADERSHIP : LE BON PASTEUR
- Abstract: François Boespflug
  In hope of becoming operative, the contemporary concept of leadership is often on the lookout for positive sources of inspiration that it will then try to promote and/or to set up against other models that it considers to be less inspiring, and against which it therefore wants to react. It is to contribute to this groping about search for a concept of leadership that this contribution has been undertaken. Its goal is to identify what relationship (if any) can be made between the contemporary reality of leadership and followership and both (i) the image of the Good Shepherd and his sheep as well as (ii) the gigantic iconographic patrimony that has come to define this image, within the Christian tradition. In light of an examination of eight iconographic types that have been used or are still used to depict the image, within the Christian tradition, the viability and potential fruitfulness of using this image, to speak of leadership, is examined. The analysis performed leads to a conclusion of inadequacy between, on the one hand, the relationships that exist (or are sought) between contemporary leaders and followers and, on the other hand, those that are celebrated in the Christian images of the Good Shepherd and his sheep. This inadequacy is in large part due to the lack of reactivity and creative initiative on the part of the sheep.
DU BON BERGER AU BON MOUTON : la figure du leader chez les Peuls
- Abstract: Abdoul Echraf Ouedraogo
  This article revisits the notion of servant leadership through Fulani pastoral ethics, particularly the relationship between the Fulani shepherd and his flock, as well as the role of this flock in defining the identity of the shepherd and that of his group. Starting from the analysis of the process by which one acquires those idealized virtues of the Fulani that define the Pulaaku, this article shows how these virtues correspond to those of leadership. Contrary to Western or even Greek traditions where the animal (the sheep, the cow) refers to the negative image of a being in need of guidance from a leader, our analysis of the relationship between the Fulani and their sheepfold animals suggests that in this pastoral tradition, there could be no good shepherd without good sheep. Thanks to the use of an abundant literature of a sociological, anthropological and historical nature, the article shows that, in the Fulani pastoral universe, the sheep, the herd, the cows, the sheep are admired for their way of life, their grace, their resilience, and their courage. The shepherd, for his part, is neither the Messiah nor the God-father who will save the sheepfold from its straying on earth. It is rather the man or the woman deemed worthy of accompanying the flock, and to take care of it. This initiatory journey in the service of the flock is what creates the intrinsic qualities of the good shepherd, a way of being a Fulani (the Pulaaku) which corresponds to servant leadership.
LA PART HUMAINE DU BÉTAIL AU MOZAMBIQUE : pouvoirs, savoirs, leadership
et noms discursifs du pasteur du coin
- Abstract: César Cumbe
  In Mozambique, even though contemporary urban society is increasingly digital, literate and scriptural, the oral tradition of word of mouth still occupies a central place. Within rural communities, the breeding of cattle (as well as family farming and artisanal fishing) remains the central and inherited activity for generating income and/or merely surviving. These activities impose and also expose a free discursive space within the reach of modest families practicing agriculture, breeding, fishing, hunting and crafts. It is precisely for this reason that the local pastor, by the simple act of attributing a discursive and message conveying name to each of his beasts, becomes at the same time an observer, a ferryman, a decipherer, an educator and a reconciler, one that brings together cattle herds and human herds through his linguistic powers and indigenous knowledge. We will explore this here through the prism of interactional sociolinguistics and the anthropology of language. This will make us understand that cattle breeding teaches one way more than pastoral techniques. It acts in fact as a sort of outdoor school that is far more versatile, pragmatic and educational in what it teaches. Under the supervision of already experienced pastors that act as his parenting tutors, the apprentice child-pastor is made to go through all sort of trials, some hard, extreme and secret, with discipline, courage, mastery of appropriate language games, open mind and good faith so that he, in turn, can become a humanimalistic servant of justice.
DU BON USAGE DU BON BERGER EN LEADERSHIP
- Abstract: Jean-François Garneau
  The image of the shepherd or shepherdess in the process of taking care of his or her sheep is one image among many that can be used to talk about leadership. Among these other images, are that of the artist, the craftsman, the architect, the ship’s captain, the weaver, etc. This article takes for granted that these different images can play at least three kinds of different semantic functions: a referential function, an expressive function and an evaluative function. Our article focuses only on the metaphor of the good shepherd and, drawing on these three categories, attempts to make an inventory of the different meanings of this image. The aim of the article is not to build an exhaustive inventory of these meanings, however. It is simply to be sufficiently exhaustive to make people realize how rich this metaphor is and what advantages there would be in using it more often to study or teach leadership.
LA MÉTAPHORE DU BERGER SOUS LA LOUPE DES SCIENCES DE LA GESTION :
conversations avec Cyrille Sardais et Joëlle Bissonnette
- Abstract: Anne-Laure Saives and Annie Camus
  Cyrille Sardais, a professor of management at HEC Montreal and director of the Pierre-Péladeau research chair in leadership, together with Joëlle Bissonnette, a professor in entrepreneurship at ESG-UQAM and a research fellow at GEST (the Research Group on Entrepreneurship, Society and Transformation) have both been asked to react freely to the image of the shepherd within the context of a creative interview. During the two conversations performed, the image of the shepherd and of the shepherdess enabled us to bring forth issues that are often neglected or forgotten within the fields of leadership and management. The image is felt to be both stimulating and repulsive. Profoundly paradoxical, it provides us with a discovery heuristic, which helps one conceptualize leadership not so much as a form of leading but as a form of accompaniment.
L’ACCOMPAGNEMENT À L’AUNE DE LA FIGURE DU BERGER : méditation –
théorisation à partir de trois expériences
- Abstract: Eliane Le Jeune-Bézard
  The object of this article is to show how the observation capacities and the forms of attention that a person can have for others can nourish the practice of leadership, as is the case with the practice of shepherding, in addition to being at the root of any support and accompaniment relationship. In this article, my purpose is articulated around the theorizing meditation of three powerful experiences and what they have to teach us, in their apparent diversity, on the subjects we have just mentioned. This theorizing meditation will make us wonder what the following three activities teach us about accompaniment in the world of infra-verbal communication, always present throughout human life and crucial in the exercise of the various forms of leadership, namely: (i) the observation of human beings (e.g.: the observation of babies in their families and of managers in their work environment), (2) the pastoral art of shepherds and (3) the practice of equine ethology. By conceptualizing observation as an endlessly renewed form of attention, we will show that this practice of observation can inspire any person responsible for a collective and/or at its head, to lead the action of that collective and help to co-construct its meaning.
THE RHETORIC OF LEADERSHIP: Deepening Responsible Autonomous Agency and
Broadening the Scope of Participation through an Ignatian Contemplation of
the Parable of the Good Shepherd
- Abstract: Gordon Rixon, s.j.
  The contentions of meaning implicit in the metaphors and symbols of the Good Shepherd Parable bear upon leadership issues and highlight the ambiguities, paradoxes, and conflicts of self-transcending social, cultural, and religious projects. Both shepherds and sheep need metaphors to stretch their understanding and engagement and symbols to reach toward a guiding vision that remains beyond their grasp. The Ignatian appropriation of the medieval monastic adaptation of principles of Ciceronian rhetoric in the practice of mental prayer helps to resolve, discern, cultivate, and direct the use of self in the service of such visionary projects. Ignatian discernment contributes to such dynamic development by identifying and resolving the norming affective dispositions of gratitude for creaturehood, freedom in the use of gifts and talents, and commitment to praise, reverence, and serve God and neighbor. These dispositions affirm human agency and orient practitioners to purposeful action without certainty about present facts and future outcomes. Such healing of human agency and participation in a higher purpose contributes to the restoration and elevation of human history.
SEEKING WHAT IS PURE, DOING WHAT IS TRUE, AND LIVING A LIFE OF LOVE:
Pastoral Leadership and Self-Sacrifice in the Gospel of John
- Abstract: Peter Nguyen, s.j. and M. Ross Romero, s.j.
  Through an examination of five central passages in the Gospel of John and a consideration of significant religious symbols in this Gospel, we offer a theological reading to show that Christian leaders, who contemplate the Crucified Christ as the pledge of God’s devotion to humankind, are profoundly converted at the interior level. Because of their unrestricted availability to be a shepherd to others, a Christian leader, saved by the love of the Father in Jesus, comes to recognize with gratitude that it is this self-sacrificial love that makes him become a gift to others and that by accepting it, a reciprocal devotion to others ensues. We conclude that the Fourth Gospel demonstrates that ecclesial leadership is founded on Christ’s love and, if it is accepted as such, is not an organizational necessity but an act of service.
LEADING IN THE TIME THAT REMAINS: The Passion and Complexity of Paul’s
Leadership in 1 Corinthians
- Abstract: Brent Duckor and Jean-François Racine
  Paul of Tarsus sought to lead Gentiles toward Israel with a passion, style, and commitment that invite us to study his leadership model with a concrete congregation, the Corinthians. After discussing what is known about Paul and the Corinthian congregation, the article explains further his project for this group and how its adoption of Paul’s message puts them in a delicate and difficult position. The article then presents three case studies (1 Cor 1:10-12; 5:1-4; 12) that examine how Paul exercises leadership relevant for today’s leadership studies. Using a standard modern work, The Leadership Challenge, the article shows how Paul’s exercise of leadership in 1 Corinthians converges with some best practices of leadership described by Kouzes and Posner, but also collides with these prescriptions. The article concludes that Paul appears as an audacious and refreshingly authentic leader dedicated to his commission to bring this group in proximity to Israel. From this study emerges the portrayal of a complex, principled leader who must lead at multiple levels within and across a community.
Jennifer Awes Freeman, The Good Shepherd. Image, Meaning and Power. Waco
TX, Baylor University Press, 2021, 15,2 × 21,6 cm, 205 p., ISBN
978-1-4813-1537-1
- Abstract: Maxime Allard, o.p.
Gilles Maloney, Moi, Aristote (À propos), Québec, Presses de
l’Université Laval, 2020, 15,2 × 22,8 cm, IX-648 p., ISBN
978-2-7637-4698-2
- Abstract: Daniel Regnier
Nolen Gertz, Nihilism (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series).
Cambridge MA, The MIT Press, 2019, 13,7 × 21,3 cm, 224 p., 21,90 $USA,
ISBN 978-0-26253-717-9
- Abstract: Matthew Allen Newland
Justin E. H. Smith, Irrationality: A History of the Dark Side of Reason.
Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 2019, 344 p., 16.2 × 23.6 cm,
ISBN 978-0-69118-966-6
- Abstract: Matthew Allen Newland
Víctor Morla Asensio, Eclesiastés. El colapso del sentido (Estudios
Bíblicos, 64), Estella, Verbo Divino, 2018, 214 p., 16 × 24 cm, ISBN
978-84-9073-362-2
- Abstract: Jean-Jacques Lavoie
Jean-Noël Aletti, Le Messie souffrant, un défi pour Matthieu, Marc et
Luc : essai sur la typologie des évangiles synoptiques (Le livre et le
rouleau). Namur, Éditions jésuites - Lessius, 2019, 14,5 × 20,5 cm,
183 p., ISBN 978-2-87299-372-7
- Abstract: Anne-Marie Chapleau
Étienne Fouilloux, Yves Congar 1904-1995. Une vie. Paris, Salvator, 2020,
15 × 22,5 cm, 350 p., ISBN 978-2-7067-2013-0
- Abstract: Louis Roy, o.p.
Robert Cheaib, Au-delà de la mort de Dieu. La foi à l’épreuve du
doute (Forum) ; trad. de Robert Kremer. Paris, Salvator, 2019, 13 ×
20 cm, 201 p., ISBN 978-2-70671-761-1
- Abstract: Sonny Perron-Nault
LIVRES REÇUS
- Abstract:
  None