Authors:Muhammed KIZILGEÇİT; Murat ÇİNİCİ, Esra TUYSUZ Abstract: Religiosity continues to be the subject of both qualitative and quantitative studies in many branches of science. In this context, the dimensions of religiosity and its relationship with other variables are discussed. The aim of this study is to predict the future status of religiosity in the context of gender, based on current religiosity data. As a method, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) technique, which provides both a systematic review description and a prediction for the future, is based on. In the sample of Turkey, a total of 75 master's and doctoral theses which based on quantitative methods were scanned and made ready for processing. Religiosity scores were normalized and converted into a standard scoring system. MATLAB software was preferred to benefit from mathematical algorithms. In ANN, predictions were made for the future by using the Time Series Method. According to the results obtained from the research, the religiosity of male and female students decreased after a certain period of time. In addition, religiosity in male and female adults continues to increase in the general total. Accordingly, it can be stated that the religiosity of young people who receive high school and undergraduate education is affected by the environment and time they live in. In addition, it can be said that there is an increase in the level of religiosity as a result of both the lifestyles of adults and the socio-cultural situation in our country. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:İlknur SÖYLEMEZ Abstract: To understand a religious tradition, it is very important to know the socio-cultural accumulation of the community, which has that religious tradition, such as folklore, mythology, literature, and art. This is because ethnological data are used to understand and interpret the actions, mutual relations, belief systems, religious societies and institutions, rituals and customs of religious people or people with a religious tradition. In the light of these data, literary works that mirror the society in particular reflect the human understanding and worldview of their civilizations in a sense by revealing the quality of their relations with their individuals, society, culture and Creator. In this study, it is aimed to make a historical phenomenological comparison of two different worlds, namely the worldviews and cultures hidden behind these two literary texts by evaluating the perspectives of eastern and western cultures on human, society and socio-cultural life, which are revealed within the framework of Ḥayy and Robinson models. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Elmas Gülhan GENÇDOĞAN Abstract: The differences that emerged in the fiqh method regarding the definition of the judgment have a kalām-based ground. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī talks about the theological ground of the theory of judgment and expresses the effect of theological divergences on the differences regarding the nature of the judgment. As a reaction to the Mu'tazila's understanding of good-evil/husn-kubh, that the judgments of actions can be known even before the shari’a comes, the Ash'arites claim that the mind cannot judge the goodness or badness of an action, that the mind does not require gratitude to the one who gives blessings, and that actions do not have any judgment before the bad thing comes. Also, in the basis of the problem of ḥadīth-ra’y lies of the differences of opinion that emerged in the theory of judgment. It is obvious that the Qur'an and the sunnah are the two most important sources. However, it is also known that the collection of hadiths causes a narrowing of the field of judgment with reason. Since they are the source of the ḥadīth-ra’y discussions, the authority of the Qur'an and the Sunnah is mentioned here. Here again, it should be emphasized that the authority of the Qur'an and Sunnah is provided by the kalam. The determination of the Divine will as the only authorized element in making judgments has also been determined by the kalam. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Anar GAFAROV Abstract: Natural catastrophes and other bad events faced by humankind have drived Tūsī to investigate the problem of evil and to come up with a logical and consistent explanation to the problem of God's justice. The philosopher's grounding on this axis is actually extremely important in terms of problematising the curiosity about the source of life, the place of man in the realm of existence, and according to which philosophy and principles of life will be determined, and to make sense of life. The purpose of the study is to reveal Tūsī's thoughts and approaches on the problem of evil in a compact way and to determine to what extent he was influenced by his predecessors in this regard, and whether he has a unique contribution, and to justify how the philosopher reconciles natural calamities and other bad events with the justice of God. The main thesis of the study is that Tūsī generally continues the tradition of Mu‘tazila-Shia and Islamic Peripatetic philosophers’ views and approaches regarding the problem of evil. It can be said that although Tūsī generally adopts the Mu’tazilian approach regarding whether or not bad deeds can be attributed to God, he partially admits the Ash’arī line and a synthesist attitude. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mahmut MEÇİN Abstract: Naming the philosophical tradition in Islam as "Islamic philosophy" is an accepted phrase nowadays. However, there is no consensus on how this term is or should be defined. This article, which deals with the definitions of Islamic philosophy from various angles with a critical approach, starts by addressing the claim that there is a definition problem in Islamic philosophy. In the article, the definitions that deal with Islamic philosophy historically and characterize it in terms of its main sources and its universal mission are evaluated under two separate headings, and to what extent these definitions express the nature and scope of Islamic philosophy are discussed. In the aforementioned definitions, there is a dispute as to whether the word "Islam" in the composition of Islamic philosophy refers to Islam as a religion, to the Islamic civilization, to a certain geography where Islam prevails, or to the main sources and universal principles of Islam. The aim of the study is to highlight approaches that define Islamic philosophy more comprehensively without restricting it to only a geographical boundary and a specific historical section, and thus to present an alternative solution to the ongoing definition problem. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ayşegül TÜRKERİ; Bahset KARSLI Abstract: Cinema functions as a rich data store for researchers in understanding and interpreting unique characteristic components of a society such as language, culture, tradition, religion, etc. The subject of this study is to question the realities of a multicultural social life with reference to PK movie. There is a set of problems such as what the basic motivations of religious groups are, whether a person could be independent of cultural/environmental factors, and how the theological and sociological perceptions of religion differentiate, etc. The aim of this paper is to trace the steps of the construction of social and religious reality experienced by an alien’s own consciousness. This study combines sociology of religion with cinema through a phenomenological approach. Everyday realities perceived through an alien by suspending stocks of knowledge (externalization) enable us to apply the phenomenological approach to the study. As a result, this alien tends toward the society as a stranger and contributes to criticize it objectively. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muhammed Emin KIZILAY Abstract: Legal systems aim to protect a person's reputation as well as their material assets. Due to the place where Islam has positioned human beings, fiqh has also revealed norms that will protect human honor. Based on these norms for centuries in the field of judiciary, the Ottoman Empire began to legislate these norms with the influence of the West. In this context, attacks on human honor were also included in the texts of the law, and the courts were asked to handle the cases within the framework of these laws. In the laws, it is seen that insult crimes are regulated in accordance with the classical Hanafi fiqh. However, in law making, fiqh was used less by time, and Western systematics was taken as a basis in the division of crime. In today's Turkish positive law, it is seen that the crime of insult, which is regulated within the "crimes against honor", also follows this systematic and is influenced by the Ottoman positive law. In this study, the crime of insult will be discussed comparatively over the successive Hanafi fiqh, the laws of the Tanzimat period, the old Turkish Penal Code in some subjects and today's Turkish Penal Code laws. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yusuf TEMEL Abstract: Western imperialism, hoping to dominate the east under the influence of the Enlightenment, geographical discoveries, industrial revolution and similar factors, started orientalist studies to recognize the societies they invaded and decipher their internal dynamics. These studies, which started in the first half of the 19th century and continue today by gaining different dimensions, are versatile and diverse. Studies on the history of Arabic literature constitute an important part of these studies. Although some orientalist claims about Arabic poetry have been the subject of polemics, orientalist copyright style has been accepted among Arab writers and has shaped the general books written on the history of Arabic literature. The subject of this article is the criticisms of the Egyptian scholar and man of letters, Mustafa Sadik al-Rāfiʻī, towards the orientalist approach and writing style on the history of Arabic literature, and the evaluation of these criticisms. We gathered these criticisms, which we extracted from the beginning of Al-Rāfiʻī’s book on this field, under the headings of term criticism, stereotype criticism, intention criticism, and practical utility criticism. The common point of the criticisms we have examined under these headings is that they are essentially a paradigm criticism. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Nesrullah OKAN; Aytaç ÖREN Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the negative emotions that arise during the Covid-19 process, to determine what kind of coping styles people use against the negative psychological factors, and to see how religion affects coping. In the research, answers were sought to three basic questions: In the first question, what kind of adverse psychological problems people experienced with the pandemic; in the second question, what type of coping styles are developed against the negative psychological situations they encounter; In the third question, an answer was sought on the position of negative coping among individuals' coping styles. For this purpose, data were obtained from 19 male and 41 female participants studying at the undergraduate level in different faculties, who themselves or someone from their close circles had Covid-19 experiences. The data obtained within the scope of the research were converted into text and analyzed with the help of Maxqda 20 Package Program. As a result of the analysis, various codes, sub-themes, and themes were reached. When the effects are examined, it is seen that individuals generally experience many negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, hopelessness, stress, fatigue, and depression. However, it has been concluded that individuals use religious coping the most against these adverse situations. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Mehdi CENGİZ Abstract: In order to express his feelings, the poet goes out of the standard language and abandons common usage. The number of dispositions was limited to avoid breaking the language rules, and the main criterion in this subject was set the ancient ʿArab poets. While the use of language by the ancient ʿArab poets against the rules was accepted as a necessity of verse, the dispositions of the later periods’ poets were described as errors. This idea, which considers the use of language by Jāhiliyyah poets as infallible has been largely accepted. Thus, the poetry of Jāhiliyyah has become canonized and unquestionable over time. In this study, which discusses whether ancient Arabic poets made mistakes in using the language, it will be noted that the poets of the Jāhiliyyah use a language contrary to standard rules and it will be suggested that they are lahn. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Semra ÇİNEMRE Abstract: Throughout history of humans, religion has been the most powerful authority that functions as legitimate in the eyes of society. This brought about the abuse of religion by some people in order to gain various benefits. In case of having poor religious education knowledge, the likelihood of the religion being abused increases. In this study, it will be examined how the Presidency of Religious Affairs, which has the duty of "enlightening the society on religion", handles the issue of religious abuse in its non-formal religious services and its contribution to enlightening the society on topic. The sample of the study is Friday khutbahs between 2013 and 2020. In the study, in which qualitative research method was adopted, document analysis method was preferred and the data were analysed by content analysis. In the study, it was determined that 25 of 378 khutbahs in the eight-year period dealt with the issue of religious abuse, and these sermons were concentrated in years 2016 and 2017 and on the category of "Things to Do Against Religious Abuse". At the end of the study, it was concluded that Friday khutbahs contributed to enlighten the public on religious abuse, but there are aspects that needed to be improved in terms of achieving success and stability in the struggle against this issue. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:M. Akif KOÇ Abstract: Al-Ḥurūf al-Muqaṭṭaʿa, which are at the beginnings of the 29 sūrahs of the Qurʾān and consist of 14 letters, have been a subject of curiosity since the time of the Successors. About al-Ḥurūf al-Muqaṭṭaʿa, as they appear with a non-existent usage in Arabic language - at least within our knowledge of the language so far - more than twenty interpretations have been made. Islamic scholars who thought that they could not understand these letters, have included them in the category of Mutashābihāt, which has been beyond our limit of comprehension and have treated these letters as they were, without interpretation. These letters, which are included in the research field of linguistics, indeed have caused a problem of coherence since they have been under the same heading with the transcendental subjects of Mutashābihāt such as the attributes of God, knowledge of the future, Heaven, Hell, Angels. On the one hand, this problem has forced the commentators to interpret al-Ḥurūf al-Muqaṭṭaʿa out of their usual way which cannot be explained comparing their general interpretation styles. On the other hand, these letters have taken their place among the indispensable subjects of Orientalist Qur'anic studies that highlight their mysterious qualities. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Muhammed Ali BAĞIR Abstract: For centuries, the Pentateuch has been believed to be a revelational work written by Moses. This belief, which traditional Judaism holds even today, has begun to be questioned by critical studies in the Western world. In these researches, it was revealed that the Pentateuch is a work written by different people who lived in different times. The peak of these critical researches is The Four Source Hypothesis, which was finalized by Julius Wellhausen. He claimed that the Pentateuch consists of four different sources. This widely accepted view has been seriously challenged by some studies since the 1970s. The subject of this article is the Pentateuch criticism of the Canadian researcher John Van Seters (b. 1935), who opposed the Four Source Hypothesis and suggested that the Pentateuch consists of three basic sources. His most striking claim is that the Yahwist source -one of the sources of the Pentateuch- was written by a historian writer who lived in the Babylonian Exile in the sixth century B.C., taking into account of Deuteronomy, Deuteronomistic History, prophetic books and Ancient Near Eastern narratives. Van Seters’s most striking claim will be emphasized in this study. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Yusuf ÖTENKAYA Abstract: This book, explores the historical adventure of the ideal woman identity in the early Islamic thought. However, it gives information about the nature of the ideal life (Islamic life) in line with the examples of women in question. In this way, it is emphasized how the ideal life differs from the period of Jāhiliyya. Here, while the period of Jāhiliyya is evaluated as disorder, lawlessness and aberration, the Islamic life is shown as order and justice image. In this respect, Islam has been conceptualized as an alternative to the corrupt life of the Jāhiliyya as well as being the reference to the religion. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Abdulcebbar KAVAK Abstract: In the nineteenth century Muslims gradually regressed in science, culture and art, and madrasahs and lodges began to lose their dynamism. On the other hand, some negative developments in the political and social field in the Middle East have led to conflict and unrest among Muslim societies. The increasing involvement of the West in the Islamic World in the nineteenth century further deepened the existing plight. In this process, more than one innovative revival movement with a religious and mystical identity emerged in order to save the Islamic society from this situation. One of these revival movements is Idrîsiyya Sufi Order founded by Ahmad b. Idris al-Fâsî (d. 1253/1837). As a charismatic religious figüre, Ahmad b. İdris was convinced that the re-emergence of the Islamic community would be possible with a movement based on a mystical Islamic piety, devoted to the Qur’an and Sunnah, away from innovations and avoiding social conflicts. For this purpose, while he formed the structure of the sufi order he founded according to the traditional Sunni Sufi understanding, he shaped his teachings and practices in a line more close to Salafi Sufism. In this article, the reason fort he evolution of the Sunni mystical infrastructure of the Idrisiyya Sufi order to Salafi Sufism and as a reformist-revivalist movement the mission of notification was examined. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Alaaddin SALİHOĞLU Abstract: This study examines al-Kawlus-Sadid Fi ‘Ilmi’t-Tajweed (also known as Tajwid-i Jadid), which was written in the Ottoman Turkish by a late Ottoman scholar Mehmed Zihni Efendi. The book, which was originally written for the Madrasa Students, consists of three main topics: Mushaf-i Sharif, Tilawah and Tajwid. In addition to containing the topics of history and collection of the Quran, the rules and variations of Quranic recitation, and the tradition of Khatma’l-Quran, the book addresses the rules of wasl and waqf, makharij and characteristics of letters, and madd rules. One of the significant points of the book is that while discussing the topics, the author elaborates on wrong behaviours and customs of his time. Another vital point of the book is that the author does not only discuss the Tajwid rules on the theoretical level, but he also explains them with practical examples. As well as introducing the book, this critical analysis highlights Zihni Efendi’s personal thoughts and ideas along with the assessment of the author’s bibliographic sources from point of the Qiraat literature. PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Güldane GÜNDÜZÖZ; Soner GÜNDÜZÖZ Abstract: Iḥsān is used in two somewhat different meanings as an act of "doing someone a favour" and "doing a good job [ıtqān]". The third meaning that the word ihsan is attributed with the signification of the hadith of D̲j̲abrāʾīl is "to worship as if seeing God". This last meaning has a moral emphasis. On the one hand, it refers to the necessity of a person to be sincere in worship, but on the other hand, it points to the ontological and epistemological depth of human existence. In this framework, iḥsān and the justice associated with it are qualities in al-Asmāʾ al-Ḥusnā of Allah. A network of semantic relations has been created in accordance with the codes of this thought in Islamic thought especially in the mystical context. In Abū al-Baqāʾ al-Kaffawī’s conceptual scheme, one of the authorities in the field of terminology, justice is superior to iḥsān. In Rāg̲h̲ib al-Iṣfahānī’s scheme, justice comes after iḥsān. However, in this last scheme, it can be seen that the concepts of justice and iḥsān are built only on the act of “obedience (giving).” It is understood that the ruʾyat Allāh and sh̲ahāda connection of the concept in question is disabled here. As for the concept scheme created by ṣūfī thought the concept of iḥsān has been placed after justice. On the other hand, the concept of mushāhadah has been evaluated in connection with concepts such as "hayā" and "inzi‘āc". PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
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