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ULUM : Journal of Religious Inquiries
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Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2645-9132
Published by DergiPark

[187 journals]

Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf and His Thought of Uṣūl al-Fiqh
- Authors: Davut EŞİT
  Abstract: Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf is one of the Shāfi‘ī scholars who lived in the Iraqi region in the fourth/tenth century. The region of Iraq became one of the important centers of attraction for the Shāfi‘ī madhhab in those times, and leading jurists of the madhhab, particularly ‘Abū'l-‘Abbās Ibn Surayj and his stu-dents, began to appear in this region. Being one of the centers of many theological and philosophical movements, the Iraqi region left an impact on the thoughts of the early Iraqi Shāfi‘īs. An important indication of this is Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf, about whom there is little information in both classical and modern sources. In the introduction of his concise work titled al-Aqsām wa-l-khiṣāl in the field of fiqh, he briefly addresses the main issues of fiqh. Al-Khaffāf's inclusion of fiqh methodology in this particular work is noteworthy in that it reflects the theological perspective that was popular among Shāfi‘ī scholars of his time, as well as providing important data on the development of Shāfi‘ī fiqh method after Shāfi‘ī. This study aims not only to show this impact and but also to introduce this Shāfi‘ī jurist and his methodical thought, neglected in both classical and modern sources.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
al-Bayhaqī’s Life, Works and al-Sunan al-Kabīr’s Introduction
al-Madkhal ilā ‘Ilm al-Sunan
- Authors: Halil İbrahim DOĞAN
  Abstract: One of the leading figures in the history of the science of ḥadith is Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn b. ‘Alī al-Bayhaqī, who lived in the 4th and 5th centuries of the Hijra. al-Bayhaqī was born and grew up in Sabdhawār (formerly Bayhaq), which is located within the borders of Iran today, in 384/994, and later made scientific trips to Neyshābūr, Jebāl, ‘Irāq and al-Ḥijāz regions. Returning to his hometown after these journeys, al-Bayhaqī had to go to al-Ḥijāz again due to the Ash‘arī sedition living in The Great Seljuk Empire Toghrul-Beg period, and he returned to Bayhaq in 455/1063, and a short time later died in 458/1066 in Neyshābūr.al-Bayhaqī has written many books in different fields of Islamic sciences. Among them, al-Sunan al-Kabīr, Ma‘rifa as-Sunan wa al-Āthār, al-Sunan al-Ṣaghīr, al-Khilāfiyyāt, Shu‘ab al-Īmān stand out. In this study, al-Madkhal ilā ‘Ilm al-Sunan, the introduction of al-Sunan al-Kabīr, which we have in-completely for a long time and which has been published in full recently, are discussed. First of all, al-Madkhal’s name, copyright time and manuscripts were dealt with in terms of shape. Afterwards, the content of al-Madkhal was touched upon, it was seen that its content included the fiqh methodology and ‘ilm as well as the ḥadīth methodology, and in this respect, an evaluation was made between al-Shafi‘ī’s al-Risāla. Then, al-Bayhaqī’s views were touched upon in the context of the ḥadīth methodo-logy in al-Madkhal. As a result of all this research, it has been determined that al-Madkhal is not only a work that deals with the issues of ḥadīth methodology, that he is highly influenced by al-Shafi‘ī’s al-Risāla, that al-Bayhaqī deals with the issues by transmitting narrations with asānīd and that his own views are rarely found.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
From Ideology to Hadith Narration: The Effect of Human Geography on the
Asbāb al-Riwāyah (Reason for Narration)
- Authors: Recep Emin GÜL
  Abstract: This article based on the relationship between geography, culture and hadith narration. The subject of the research is the relationship between human geography and the asbāb al-riwāyah (reason for narration). For this, primarily, it is made a new definition of the asbāb al-riwāyah (reason for narration). Then, firstly the narration about the killing of Ammar b. Yasser was discussed in order to put forward the mentioned relationship. Secondly, the narration of “73 sects” was examined. The hadiths on the subject were primarily obtained from The Nine Books. However, secondary hadith sources were used when necessary. As a result of the researches, it was determined that the narration about the murder of Ammar b. Yasser, who go to the war alongside Ali, was narrated in Iraq, where Ali and his supporters lived. Similarly, it was understood that the narration of “73 sects” was narrated with the concept of “al-jama‘a” in the region of Damascus, where Muawiya and his supporters lived. In the study, it was decided that human geography affects the narration of hadith.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Some Formal Characteristics of the Musnad Type of Ḥadīṯ
Collection
- Authors: Robert Marston SPEIGHT
  Abstract: The type of hadit collection called musnad is one in which compilers brought together reports whose chains of transmission go back to a particular Companion of the Prophet. Hadit scholars use the term, musnad, in several ways, having to do with well-substantiated accounts of the Prophet's words and deeds, but here I am dealing only with the special title given to those collections in which the person of the first transmitter after the Prophet is the key element in the arrangement of the texts.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf and His Thought of Uṣūl al-Fiqh
- Authors: Davut EŞİT
  Abstract: Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf is one of the Shāfi‘ī scholars who lived in the Iraqi region in the fourth/tenth century. The region of Iraq became one of the important centers of attraction for the Shāfi‘ī madhhab in those times, and leading jurists of the madhhab, particularly ‘Abū'l-‘Abbās Ibn Surayj and his stu-dents, began to appear in this region. Being one of the centers of many theological and philosophical movements, the Iraqi region left an impact on the thoughts of the early Iraqi Shāfi‘īs. An important indication of this is Abū Bakr al-Khaffāf, about whom there is little information in both classical and modern sources. In the introduction of his concise work titled al-Aqsām wa-l-khiṣāl in the field of fiqh, he briefly addresses the main issues of fiqh. Al-Khaffāf's inclusion of fiqh methodology in this particular work is noteworthy in that it reflects the theological perspective that was popular among Shāfi‘ī scholars of his time, as well as providing important data on the development of Shāfi‘ī fiqh method after Shāfi‘ī. This study aims not only to show this impact and but also to introduce this Shāfi‘ī jurist and his methodical thought, neglected in both classical and modern sources.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
An Analysis On Bukhari's (D. 256/870) Fıqhi and Usuli
Identity:Specific To Ijma and Qıyas (Comparison)
- Authors: Mehmet CENGİZ
  Abstract: AbstractBukhari, regarded fiqhu'l-hadith defender in third Hijri and best ahlu’l-hadith representative, is distinguished scholar having “faqih” identity just as “muhaddis” identity. Almost period’s scholars when he lived emphasized seriously on Bukhari’s fiqh identity. Nonetheless, Bukhari's work “al-Camiu's-Sahih”, most reliable book after Qur'an, shows us he has unique istinbat’s methodology. Thus, it is said “Bukhari's fiqh is in chapters”. In study, aim is to determine Bukhari’s methodologcal identity in terms of ijmâ and qiyas from edul-i-shar’iyye. Because Bukhari uses different legal language by using concept “luzûmü'l-cemâat” instead ijma concept used in established method and interpreting with “ahlü'l-ilm” concept. In addition, “Does Bukhari accept qiyas as evidence or does he reject qiyas validity'” an answer to question sought, it is seen he acts within framework of a method accepting evidence dependant on place and rejects it dependant on place. In study, it will be tried to analyze Bukhari’s methodological views on ijmâ issues, Madina’s ijma people, sükûtî ijma and qiyas substantiveness, taking into account Bukhari commentators’ comments and trying to reveal fıqhı/usuli identity.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
The Position of Ibn Kamāl in Mūjib bi al-Dhāt and al-Fā‘il
al-Mukhtār Imaginations About The Creator
- Authors: Özkan TEKİN
  Abstract: In this article, it has been examined whether Allāh, in philosophical terms, al-wājib al-wujūd (necessary existence), is mūjib bi al-dhāt (cause by his essence) or al-fā‘il al-mukhtār (free-willed creator or omnipotent God), from the point of view of Ibn Kamāl. The understandings of mūjib bi al-dhāt and al-fā‘il al-mukhtār describe two main theories that emerged in the discussions on how to evaluate Allāh as a source of existence and perfection in his relationship with the universe.While examining the issue, Ibn Kamāl considers two different meanings of mūjib bi al-dhāt. The initial meaning of mūjib bi al-dhāt is interpreted as that Allāh necessarily created the universe. Accordingly, Allāh is not capable of not acting, and it is out of question for him not to act. According to the second meaning of mūjib bi al-dhāt, the act of Allāh does not necessarily occur as in natural objects. He is as able not to act as he is to act. However, Allāh never abandons acting. To act constantly is a requirement of his ḥikma (wisdom), not his dhāt (personality). Accordingly, it is contrary to ḥikma that Allāh does not give existence. It is out of the question for something that is contrary to Allāh’s ḥikma to happen.According to Ibn Kamāl, by mūjib bi al-dhāt, philosophers mean the second meaning, not the first meaning, which will cause a deficiency in the imagination of Allāh. By thinking like this, Ibn Kamāl argued that the theory of mūjib bi al-dhāt did not create an understanding that obliges Allāh to act as in natural bodies, and in this respect he agrees with Hoja-zāda. On the other hand, Ibn Kamāl separated from Hoja-zāda because he thought that Allāh did not act according to his personality and that his power allowed him not to act at the same time. It is seen that Ibn Kamāl presented a successful reconciliation proposal for mūjib bi al-dhāt and al-fā‘il al-mukhtār dispute in Islamic thought.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030
ALLEGIANCE TO NON-ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT, THE QUESTION OF INFIDELITY AND THE
BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: AN ANALYSIS
- Authors: Mujahid Hamza SHITU
  Abstract: Experts have made efforts to trace the root and ideological source of Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. Some have related it to the socio- economic problems and poverty in Northeast of Nigeria, while others viewed it as a Muslim political conspiracy to bring down a particular government, this led to negligence from the side of a particular regime which dismissed the problem as an ethno-religious political tool used by oppositions to wrestle power from it and this led to escalation of the crisis. However, many scholars have come to agree that the ideology is basically a takfīrī thought which considers Muslims with opposing views as infidels, especially those who accept a non-Islamic system of governance like that of Nigeria. This line of thought therefore, legalises unprovoked violence. This paper examines the veracity of the Boko Haram thought, establishes its ideological sources, and proffers solutions to the phenomenon. The methodologies followed are a combination of hermeneutical and historical approaches.
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +030