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Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi / Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 1304-6535
Published by Sakarya Üniversitesi

[3 journals]

Water Supply Problems in Jeddah in the Early Twentieth Century and the
Attempts of Azmzāde Sādık al-Muayyad
- Authors: Ömer Faruk CAN
  Abstract: The provision of potable water was one of the most pressing concerns of the Hijaz peninsula's cities. This issue, which has been significant since the Age of Ignorance, preserved its importance after the advent of Islam and evolved into public service over time. For ages, Muslim rulers were concerned about the lack of fresh water in Haramain, i.e., Mecca and Medina, and they invested there considerably. These investments have also benefited Jeddah, known as Mecca's gate. Even though the investments allowed the problem to be solved, the water scarcity was reiterated over time. The water shortage that pilgrims, troops, and city dwellers in Jeddah suffered at the turn of the twentieth century is discussed in this article. In this regard, Azmzāde Sādık al-Muayyad Bey's (1858-1910) initiatives will be examined in-depth, as will his struggle against the preventive efforts of local and regional actors confronted during this time. He was a significant diplomat throughout the Hamidian era and one of the project implementers in the field. In this research, the initiatives of a statesman from the ancien régime to solve a centuries-old problem will be studied. It makes sense to comprehend these attempts for at least two reasons. Firstly, it emphasizes that traditional water supply methods have not lost their popularity despite the increased usage of modern filtration and distillation technologies. Second, it provides a striking example of local actors' resistance levels in the first decade of the twentieth century. It would be beneficial to review the historical context of the city's water issue to understand the situation better.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
The Evaluation of Current Sharecropping Practices on Hazelnut Orchards
within the Framework of the Musaqat Agreement in Hanafi School
- Authors: Salih ÜLEV; Mervan SELÇUK, Nazan LİLA
  Abstract: Agricultural production has an important role in the Turkish economy as in many countries. However, the hazelnuts, tea and fresh fruits have been produced through inefficient methods for a long time. With the development of technology and new techniques, farmers have started to produce more efficient agricultural production with low costs. The basis of these partnerships, known as sharecroppers among the farmers, is based on muzara’ah and musaqat partnerships in Islamic Law. However, today it is not known whether these partnerships are made in accordance with the conditions of muzara’ah and musaqat agreements. In this study, we investigate how musaqat partnerships are made over hazelnut production, and we also try to detect problems that appear during the partnership. In addition, we offer suggestions to eliminate the detected problems. When the literature on musaqat is examined, it is seen that this partnership agreement is not the subject of research separately, and that the issue is generally discussed in some fiqh issues that concern partnership agreements. During the literature review, it was seen that today there are no studies on how the partnership contract is fulfilled and what problems emerge in terms of Islamic law. The fact that this study directly focuses on the current practices of musaqat partnership and identifies the emerging fiqh problems will fill a gap in the literature.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Shariah Governance in Turkey: A Case Study on In-Bank Advisory Committees
- Authors: İsmail BEKTAŞ; Ali Can YENİCE
  Abstract: Islamic finance has developed the Shariah governance mechanism to ensure compliance and control of IFIs with the principles of Islamic law. However, the levels of Shariah governance are different from each other due to the different legal affiliations of each country, the level of development of Islamic finance, and regime differences. International Islamic financial institutions such as Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) have published standards to define the general lines of Shariah governance and have brought Shariah governance practices to a certain point, at least in principle. After the Shariah governance standards of IFSB (2009) and AAOIFI (1997), studies on Shariah governance have increased rapidly. By 2010, while there were only 18 publications on Shariah governance in the two most well-known indexes (Scopus and Web of Science), this number increased to 42 in 2015 and 159 in 2020. This academic interest shows that Shariah governance issues are followed closely. In this context, there have been some remarkable developments at the regulatory and supervisory level in terms of Shariah governance in Turkey, and the TKBB (Participation Banks Association of Turkey) Advisory Board was established in 2018, bringing one step closer to international Shariah governance practices.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Existence and Intellect in Nicholas of Cusa
- Authors: Fatih TOPALOĞLU
  Abstract: The issue of the nature of existence is directly related to the way in which man deals with existence. What makes a difference between the schools in the history of philosophy is their attitudes towards this issue. In the thought of Nicholas of Cusa, existence is not something that a person can realize with purely epistemic abilities. Therefore, Absolute Being cannot be grasped in its own perfection as it is. What is primarily necessary for this is a kind of intellectual purification in which the reason renounces all affirmative claims of knowledge. This actually is a state of consciousness and the intellect that reaches this level contemplates existence at its source. In this state, where opposites appear in harmony and plurality in unity without any contradiction, God is no longer a subject of knowledge but a subject of experience. According to Cusa, only an intellectual comprehension can be achieved with a mystical view of being based on the inner experience of the human being in this way. The main thing is not knowing anymore but knowing that you can never know. According to Cusa, the way to reach this level of understanding is divine grace as well as spiritual education.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Mawlawī Style Tarāwīḥ: Āyīn Mecmua for Tarāwīḥ from Kasımpaşa
Mawlawī Lodge in the Context of Diversity
- Authors: Selman BENLİOĞLU
  Abstract: The part of the four-rakat of the tarāwīḥ prayer, which is specific worship during the month of Ramadan, is called tarwīḥa. The tradition of performing the recitation of the Qurʾān in different maqāms at each tarwīḥa and reciting various hymns and ṣalawāts between the prayers is called the tarāwīḥ tartibi (order of tarāwīḥ). There is no detailed information about the beginning and development of this tradition. Some compilations were prepared at the beginning of the 20th century. In these compilations, five hymns were selected for each night of the month of Ramadan, and their lyrics were written. Although it is not found in the primary sources, the narration that the tarāwīḥ tartibi was arranged by Buhūrīzāde Muṣṭafā ʿIṭrī (d. 1712) is dominant in the literature. In addition, the practice of tarāwīḥ tartibi has been called "Enderūn style tarāwīḥ" in recent years. Again, this definition, which is not based on a historical record, emphasizes that the practice originates from the Ottoman court. In this study, the manuscript titled Ramazān-ı Şerīfe Mahsūs Āyīn-i Şerīf Mecmūʿası, registered in the National Library (Ankara) Manuscripts Collection numbered A-1258 will be evaluated (The manuscript will be referred as Mecmua hereafter). Mecmua was prepared by Edirneli Ömer Efendi, one of the dervishes of Kasımpaşa Mawlawī Lodge, in 1889. The difference between Mecmua and other compilations is that the former consists mainly of passages selected from the Mawlawī rites (āyīn). In Mecmua, five compositions were selected for twenty-six nights, and their lyrics were written regularly. There is an index prepared for the selected pieces on the first pages of the manuscript (fol. 1b-5a). On the following pages, the lyrics of the selected repertoire for each tarāwīḥ are written in order. On the last page of Mecmua (fol. 31b), there is a salary list added later. Therefore, it can be said that the manuscript was prepared and constrained exclusively for the practice of tarāwīḥ tartibi.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Examination of Qur'an Course Activity Books for 4-6 Year-Old Children
in Terms of Story Content and Illustration Features
- Authors: Zehra GELİCİ
  Abstract: The Presidency of Religious Affairs initiated a new service area in the 2013-2014 Academic Year. The Presidency, which previously provided educational activities for young and middle-aged groups and primary school children during summer courses, started official preschool religious education for the 4-6 year-old age group in Quran Courses for the first time in 2013-2014. Although the experience has been acquired in this field with each passing year, some problems are still noticeable at various points. The present study examines the contents and aesthetic aspects of the stories included in Quran Courses activity books for 4-6 year-old children. The purpose of the study is to underline that stories and especially the illustrations and visuals in stories, have very important roles in learning for children who are illiterate in the preschool period, and the study aims to contribute to the organization and enrichment of the activities and textbooks by drawing attention to this field. In this study, which has a qualitative design, the existing activity books are examined. The study also has a screening model, which aims to explain the present situation in the way it is. The stories and illustrations in the activity books were examined in this study via descriptive analysis based on the criteria that should exist in children’s literature books. In this respect, we tried to summarize and interpret the data obtained in the study according to the pre-determined criteria. This study, which draws attention to the importance of books with illustrations, which have an important function in the development of preschool children, and their effects on children, examined the contents of the stories and the pictures used in the narration of the stories in the activity books used in the Qur'an Courses for 4-6 year-old children. Before making an assessment on the subject, the author tried to find an answer to the question of what stories and pictures mean for preschool children and what is the function and importance of pictures and stories in their education. According to the criteria, the author examined and evaluated nine stories in the activity books prepared for the Qur'an Courses for the ages of 4-6, in which especially pictures are used in the narration.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Wael B. Hallaq. İmkânsız Devlet. çev. Aziz Hikmet
- Authors: Bedir SALA
  Abstract: The concept of the Islamic state, which is one of the main debates of Islamism, was an important source of motivation for Islamist movements, especially during the cold war. The debates in this context mostly focus on how to establish a relationship between the secular character of the modern state and Islam. In this study, Wael B. Hallaq's book titled The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament will be reviewed. The book keeps this discussion current and offers a different perspective. Hallaq's main thesis reveals why an Islamic state is not possible within the modern paradigm. Hallaq bases his thesis on the paradigm difference between modern law and Islamic law.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Abdullāh Ibn Abbās’s (d. 68/687) Corrections
(Istidrāk) Regarding Inheritance
- Authors: Emine DEMİL
  Abstract: Abdullāh Ibn Abbās is one of the companions well known for his verdicts in the area of the Islamic law of inheritance and the abundance of his verdicts in jurisprudence. In this regard, the inheritance sections of the jurisprudence books often include Ibn Abbās's verdicts and applications. He approached the matters regarding jurisprudence from a different perspective, ruled differently from the companions, and provided corrections mainly in terms of the science of inheritance regarding the sayings narrated by the companions, applications and verdicts of the companions. In this regard, Ibn Abbās considered the jurisprudential aspects of the sayings and applications of Prophet Muhammad and made a ruling by interpreting the same narration by his wide understanding and knowledge and considering the meaning of the sayings. Ibn Abbās, who made different interpretations and evaluations in his corrections (istidrāk) regarding the law of inheritance, objected to Umar Ibn Al-Khattab and Uthman Ibn Affan, criticized and corrected the narrations of Zayd Ibn Thabit. Ibn Abbās, who interpreted the matters regarding inheritance according to the principles of the Qur'ān, made rulings according to the apparent meanings of the related verses of the Qur'ān.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Mustafa Öztürk. Osmanlı Tefsir Mirası
- Authors: Esma TOPAL
  Abstract: Examining the Ottoman tafsir legacy is important for the recognizing and promoting the scientific culture of the past. In this regard, the subject of this review is the extended version of Mustafa Öztürk's article titled "A Panoramic View of the Ottoman Tafsir Tradition". In this book, it is criticized that the Ottoman period is not adequately addressed in the history of tafsir and the understanding that commentary and annotation were dominant in this period. While presenting Ottoman tafsir studies between the 14th and 19th centuries, they are classified as classical and modern periods. The book, which draws attention with its periodical features and evaluations, mentions many works that can be the subject of research on Ottoman tafsir literature. In this study, the perspective he draws about the Ottoman period is evaluated while introducing the relevant book.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Alev Duran. Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e Eğitim
(1876-1923)
- Authors: Kübra CEVHERLİ
  Abstract: Education, one of the most important tools in the transfer of culture, also performs important functions in the development of societies and their survival. Studies in the history of education, while shedding light on educational issues of the past, fulfill an essential function in making sense of today’s educational activities. The book reviewed here deals with the developments in education from the First Constitutional Era to the proclamation of the Republic. Such research is imperative for gaining a better picture of the period, which was crucial for laying the foundations of education in the Republican Period. For this reason, investigating the educational activities of the period with all its dimensions will contribute to the literature on the history of education. The present study overlooks certain aspects of education of the time, which can be an obstacle in analyzing it from a holistic perspective.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
The Status of The Ash‛arism From The Destruction of The Great Seljuk
to The Mongolic Invasion
- Authors: Abdullah Ömer YAVUZ
  Abstract: The historical adventures of the sects, which are Islamic schools of thought, have a complex plane that includes different orientations rather than simple and one-way directions. Understanding and correctly interpreting this multi-layered factual dimension requires multiple perspectives, like the variable leg of the compass. As of their historical processes, sects determine their positions depending on political, economic, social, etc. This position draws a route according to its positive or negative relations with its interlocutors. Intellectual debates and works of rejection are the outward manifestations of the interlocutor. It is a common acceptance to try to explain the progress of Ash‛arī thought by centering on the Great Seljuks and Nizamiyyāh madrasahs. This research examines the historical development of Ash‛arism by focusing on the period after the collapse of the Great Seljuks. As it is known, in the Great Seljuk period, the relationship of Ash‛arism with the state did not have a linear progression, but with the support of the state, it had a position that paved the way for it. After the collapse of the Great Seljuks, political conflicts, wars, invasions and plunders increased in the region, causing a great chaos in the region. In this process, it is understood that the chaotic environment continues until the state authority is re-stored.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
The Effect of Peirce's Philosophical Position on His Understanding of
the Sign
- Authors: Şeyma Gülsüm ÖNDER
  Abstract: The difference in mental background, which plays an active role in the scientific analysis of the sign, paves the way for some disagreements regarding the function and purpose of the act of signifying, especially the changes in the shapes and forms of its basic elements. As a matter of fact, the founders of semiotics, Ferdinand de Saussure and C. S. Peirce, consider the sign in two different contexts. While Saussure is content to mention the necessity of establishing semiotics as a branch of science that also includes linguistics, Peirce carries it to the scientific ground with the aim of accelerating the logic and meaning-interpretation studies. Peirce, who developed his own categories of entities, deals with them in three stages. These; firstness, in which the entity is a pure quality before it exists in the world, secondness, in other words, the form in which this quality is embodied outside; and the thirdness, in other words, the state in question, which has gained the ability to serve as a representation in order to appeal to a mind and be interpreted. In this last category, being becomes an interpretable sign that points to an object for a certain meaning. The point where the categories of being and Peirce's theory of sign meet is that the types of sign, object and interpretant are shaped according to these three categories.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030
Perception of Islam in 19th Century German-Jewish Orientalism
- Authors: Necmettin Salih EKİZ
  Abstract: In this study, the perception of Islam by 19th century German-Jewish orientalists is discussed. The study consists of four titles, excluding the introduction and conclusion. Firstly, general information about German orientalism is given, its relationship with imperialism and colonial activities is questioned, and attention is drawn to its connection with other orientalist traditions such as British and French. According to the researchers, the relationship of German orientalists with colonial activities was not as intense as the members of other orientalist traditions, so political factors remained in the background in their research, and they were able to adopt a more objective point of view. This was explained by Germany's relatively late participation in colonial activities. Therefore, it is important to determine the religious and socio-cultural factors in their perception of Islam. The beginning of German orientalism's involvement in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies dates to the first half of the 19th century. This was mostly carried out by the hand of German-Jewish orientalists. Thanks to them, there was a boom in orientalist Islamic studies, and this situation continued until the Second World War. In other words, German-Jewish orientalists had a vital importance for both German and Western orientalism. In the second section, the religious and socio-cultural positions of German-Jewish orientalists in the 19th century were examined, and the factors behind their participation in Islamic studies were tried to be deter-mined. It has been tried to reveal that they participated in Islamic studies with some religious and socio-cultural factors as well as political factors. While participating in Islamic studies, the main starting points were determined, and in this context, their thoughts and studies on both Judaism and Christianity were pointed out.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Jun 2022 00:00:00 +030