 Subjects -> DISABILITY (Total: 103 journals)
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- Autism diagnosis experience and parental stress among Portuguese parents
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Authors: Genta Kulari, Giulia Francisca Sarantakos Cordeiro
Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact that diagnostic factors such as duration of diagnostic period, number of professionals consulted and perceived social support have on parental stress during the diagnostic process of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Forty parents of 2–18 year-old children/adolescents with a formal ASD diagnosis recruited from five specialized private clinics in Lisbon completed a survey which included diagnostic questionnaire, parental stress scale and social support scale from April to December 2022. Data analysis indicated that the mean age of the diagnosis was 5.6 years with a delay of 3.95 years from first concern until final diagnosis. On average, parents consulted a mean of 3.62 professionals. Other findings indicated that as age of parents increased, levels of parental stress decreased. Parents with higher levels of social support had lower levels of parental stress. Furthermore, higher age of child at first concern predicted higher affective social support. This study reflects on the experience of obtaining the ASD diagnosis in Portugal, raising awareness on the importance of providing early detection and social support for distressed parents.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-10-31
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-08-2023-0046
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the care delivery to the children
with autism spectrum disorder: a web-based cross-sectional study-
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Authors: Alireza Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza Heiran, Hamid Nemati, Shiva Aminnia, Fatemeh Azadian, Fatemeh Rezaei, Roya Sahebi, Ata Miyar, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Mojgan Tavasoli
Abstract: Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder need special attention for their mental and physical health and education. This study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on them. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on data collected from an online survey. Respondents were the parents or caregivers of autistic children aged 3–18. It measured opinions about the favorable and unfavorable behavioral changes related to their children during the COVID-19 lockdowns. In total, 131 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of their autistic children was 11.45 ± 4.26 years, of whom 78% were boys. Improved good behaviors during lockdowns included interaction with parents and siblings, eating healthy foods, quality of sleep, eye contact, pointing and asking for something, imitating sounds and phrases, sharing interests, reaction to emotions and empathy with family members, but sleep hours decreased. Lockdown provided opportunities for examining the behaviors of children with autism taking into account its favorable and unfavorable effects, to improve communicating and behaving with these children.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-08-22
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-06-2022-0032
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Socialization, education and learning for the internet (SELFI):
development and pilot of a social media skills program for autistic adults
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Authors: Anthony Osuna, Daina Tagavi, Katie Sabini, Ty Vernon
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and pilot of a novel program to support autistic adults with social media use. Social media use among autistic adults has been associated with increased happiness and closer friendships. However, autistic adults are at risk of social media challenges such as cyber-victimization. To date, no programs exist that specifically support autistic adults with safe and effective social media use. The primary aim of this study was to develop and pilot test a novel social media skills program for feasibility and acceptability. A secondary aim was to explore changes in Facebook activity as a proxy for online social engagement. The socialization, education and learning for the internet (SELFI) program was developed by identifying relevant target skills, goals, considerations and evidence-based strategies to help autistic adults with online social communication. The developed SELFI program was then pilot tested with six autistic male young adults to explore initial feasibility (fidelity of delivery, attendance) and acceptability (attrition, enjoyment and programmatic feedback). Facebook data were collected to explore differences in the frequency of likes/reactions, comments and posts after completion of the program. Each participant completed all procedures and attended every session. There was no attrition from the program. The average fidelity score for recorded sessions was 85.1%. Most participants endorsed agreement with program enjoyment and that it helped them maintain current relationships. Participant feedback provided valuable information regarding areas of strength and areas that needed improvement. Each participant who completed the study demonstrated increased Facebook engagement across likes/reactions, comments and posts. Limitations include a small all-male sample, exclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities and adolescents and dependence on Facebook data. Additionally, the developed program did not incorporate feedback from relevant stakeholders, including autistic adults. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to explore support for autistic adults specifically related to social media use.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-08-08
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-12-2022-0057
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Examining the transition to adulthood in autism spectrum disorder:
examining the perspectives of autistic individuals, caregivers and service
providers-
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Authors: David B. Nicholas, Theresa Jubenville-wood, Rosslynn T. Zulla, Katelyn Lowe, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the search for transitional services has been characterized as a challenging experience for autistic youth and their families. Transitional services are reported to be inconsistent and do not address the range of needs that autistic individuals have. In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with autistic individuals (n = 31), their parents/caregivers (n = 23) and transition-based service providers (n = 10). Findings invite capacity building across sectors, including working with both the autistic individual and their caregiver, and ensuring targeted services commensurate with individual needs related to autism and ancillary challenges. Implications and recommendations for service and system advancement are offered. Current services were reportedly insufficient in meeting the needs of autistic individuals as they transitioned into adulthood. Service areas needing to be bolstered include daily life, community engagement and employment. Capacity building and enhanced training are required. Information and communication strategies require advancement. A more responsive system is required, which involves support from many societal sectors (e.g. health, mental health, advanced education, social services, industry, housing and justice) over the lifespan. Policy adjustments and organizational mandates need to be reviewed to better consider the needs of transitioning autistic youth and allocate resources accordingly. Partnerships across stakeholder groups are needed. This study provides details on a known but not well understood issue of transition to adulthood for autistic adults. This study is unique in providing first-hand data from transitioning autistic adults, with corroborating data from families and service providers.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-07-25
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-11-2022-0055
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- The effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic
proneness on empathy: a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample-
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Authors: Elif Yildirim
Abstract: Recent evidence indicates an improving effect of the co-occurrence of autistic traits and psychotic symptoms on social cognition, but there is no agreement on the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and psychotic proneness on empathy. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the interaction between autistic traits and positive psychotic experiences on cognitive and affective empathy. The sample consisted of 420 adults aged between 18 and 60. Assessments were administered anonymously online. Empathic abilities were evaluated by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). While Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was applied to measure autistic traits, The Community Assessment of Psychic Experience (CAPE) was used as a measurement of positive psychotic experiences. A series of regression analyses showed that although AQ and CAPE scores were not correlated with cognitive-IRI, the interaction between these scores predicted cognitive-IRI scores. It was found that the personal distress subscale of IRI was significantly associated with AQ, but this relationship was moderated by CAPE scores. These findings provide a different perspective on understanding social cognitive impairments in autism, which may have potential clinical implications. Findings also contribute to explaining the individual differences in empathic abilities.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-06-21
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-04-2022-0019
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- The effect of a visual arts and exercise program on communication and
social skills of students with autism spectrum disorders-
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Authors: Alexandra Eleftheria Broupi, Dimitrios Kokaridas, Vasileios Tsimaras, Panagiotis Varsamis
Abstract: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present challenges in their social and communication skills such as difficulties in developing interpersonal relationships and verbal and nonverbal communication; repetitive and restricted behaviors concerning resistance to environmental change, stereotyped movements and unusual reactions to sensory stimuli; and significant delays in motor development and performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined visual arts and exercise program on the communication and social behavior skills of people with ASD. The research was conducted in a Creative Employment Center of People with Disabilities, and the sample consisted of 18 participants with ASD divided randomly into a control group (CG) (n = 8) and an experiment group (EG) (n = 10). The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was used prior and after the implementation of the intervention program. EG participants attended an intervention program, whereas CG individuals followed their daily routine activities, and they only completed the SCQ prior and after the program. EG demonstrated statically significant improvements in communication skills and social behavior, compared to the results of the CG. Furthermore, participants with Asperger’s syndrome showed a higher improvement rate compared to participants with autism, while no statistically significant differences were noticed concerning gender and age of the participants. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate the effect of a combined visual arts and adapted physical activity program on the social and communication skills of people with ASD.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-06-21
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-05-2022-0031
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Stress and resilience in British Indian parents with an autistic child: a
comparative study with white British and Indian parents-
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Authors: Steven Stagg, Fathima Kodakkadan, Santhosh Kareepadath Rajan
Abstract: This study aims to examine the levels of stress and resilience in a sample of British Indian parents bringing up a child with autism. A total of 52 British Indian parents took part in a survey that included measures of stress, resilience, support and child adaptive functioning. Results were compared to a sample of white British (n = 120) and Indian parents (n = 120). The British Indian parents recorded higher levels of stress and less perceived social support than their white British counterparts. British Indian parents took longer to register concern about their child’s development and sought a diagnosis at a later age than the white British group. The delay in concern and diagnosis was similar to that found in the India group. The research suggests that British Indian parents are disadvantaged in social support and mental well-being compared to white British parents and may face similar community pressures to parents bringing up a child in India.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-06-14
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-09-2022-0048
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Can the “Current View” show that autistic young people referred to
mental health services have more comorbidities and complex needs'-
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Authors: Lisa Marie Thompson, Ewan Wilkinson, Sharleen Nall-Evans, Felix Michelet, Michael Thomas Lewis, Fiona Pender, Sujeet Jaydeokar
Abstract: Autistic young people have health and care needs that may benefit from a multi-agency intervention. The “Current View” tool is routinely used in England to profile the needs of young people referred to mental health services. This study aims to examine associations between comorbidities and complex needs in autistic and non-autistic young people to assess the multifaceted needs of autistic young people. A cohort study was conducted using data from the electronic patient record, comparing autistic and non-autistic young people to see which items in the four “Current View” tool categories were associated with autistic young people. Issues associated with autistic young people were: “community issues”, “attainment issues” and “deemed child in need” (all p < 0.001). Autistic young people scored significantly more items (p < 0.05) in the categories complexity/contextual/educational factors. Comorbidities associated with autistic young people included anxiety, “behavioural difficulties”, “peer relationship difficulties” and “self-care issues” (all p < 0.001). There was an association with increased comorbidities and complexity factors in autistic young people which suggests increased support from agencies may be beneficial. Few studies have used data in the “Current View” tool to assess young people referred to services. More use could be made of this data for planning and delivering services.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-06-07
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-02-2023-0005
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- The impact of COVID-19 on parents of autistic children with a particular
focus on access to respite care
 Open Access Article-
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Authors: Emma Cooke, Maria Brenner, Valerie Smith
Abstract: This study aims to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted parents of autistic children and their families in Ireland. A qualitative thematic analysis methodology was applied using semi-structured interviews. A total of 12 parents (ten mothers, one father and one grandfather speaking on behalf of a mother) of autistic children were asked how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted them and their autistic child with a particular focus on how it has impacted their access to respite care. Interviews were completed remotely from July 2021 to October 2021. Data analysis identified four themes that reflect an adverse pandemic impact. These were: world gone; alone and isolated; constantly fighting for help; and negative and positive impact of COVID-19 on child and family. Two parents reported positive outcomes of the pandemic such as social distance requirements. Five parents (42%) reported an increase in the amount of respite received. Three parents (25%) reported a decrease and four (33%) parents reported no change in their access to respite. COVID-19 has turned a spotlight on mental health for politicians, policymakers and the public and provides an opportunity to make mental health a higher public health priority for autistic children and their families. This study highlights the need for access to respite for autistic children and for respite services to be responsive to the ongoing needs, in particular, the mental health needs of autistic children and their family, particularly in a crisis situation.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-24
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-07-2022-0036
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Exploring intervention strategies to enhance face recognition abilities in
adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: assessing the impact of
verbalization and Navon tasks-
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Authors: Minje Kim, Kyong-Mee Chung, Eun-Sun Chung
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of two intervention strategies – identifying the global letter of Navon letters and verbally describing a face – in improving face recognition abilities of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 15 adolescents with ASD and 15 typically developing (TD) adolescents participated in this study, which consisted of three experimental conditions: verbalization, Navon and control. Participants were presented with a target face for a short period of time, then completed a task specific to the condition in a counterbalanced order, followed by a face recognition task. The results of this study showed no significant interaction effects between groups and conditions, either in accuracy or reaction time. However, TD adolescents performed better than ASD adolescents in terms of accuracy. In addition, the verbalization condition resulted in better performance with slower response times compared to the control condition. These findings suggest that verbalization may be a useful strategy to enhance face recognition abilities in ASD and TD individuals.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-03-2022-0011
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Exploration of caregiver experience for children with ASD: an in-depth
perspective-
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Authors: Neha Gupta, Manya Khanna, Rashi Garg, Vedantika Sethi, Shivangi Khattar, Purva Tekkar, Shwetha Maria, Muskan Gupta, Akash Saxena, Parul Gupta, Sara Ann Schuchert
Abstract: This study aims to examine the psycho-emotional and social experiences of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Various facets of the caregiving experience are explored, including the feelings and thoughts of the parents/caregivers, such as the resilience experienced in their journey, how they coped with the challenges and also their positive experiences. In this study, these aspects of the caregiving experience are broadly probed using semi-structured interviews subjected to narrative analysis. Lastly, there is a focus on the role of therapist-led intervention, specifically, the Eye to I© intervention model and its contributions to the parent/caregiver experience. Findings from this study indicate that parents benefit from interventions that bridge gaps in skills and interpersonal communication which parents/caregivers feel they encounter in their day-to-day activities. Additionally, support groups for parents and caregivers could further address these issues. This exploration reveals insights about the roles of societal structures and the caregiving journey.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-22
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-09-2022-0044
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Autism and social media: a systematic review of the user experience
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Authors: Nicholas Andrew Hudson, Jake M. Linnane, Kelly Rayner-Smith
Abstract: Social media use in autistic people has been identified as a potential avenue for less pressured social contact. Given shifts towards online socialisation, this study aims to systematically review the available literature on how autistic people experience and use social media. A systematic review was carried out using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses system, with relevant literature reviewed and synthesised using a narrative approach. Inclusion criteria included adults and/or adolescents as the sole sample, a focus on autism and social media use as the sole/main topic. A total of 1,278 research studies were initially identified; following screening, 15 papers were reviewed. Studies demonstrated some support for the positive role social media can play and presented its use as a smart adaptation for the challenges of neurotypical socialising. For autistic people, social media may provide a balance between meeting the need to be connected to people without the pressure of managing aspects, such as tone of voice or body language. Most studies were questionnaire-based with substantial threats to validity. Samples were self-selecting, with autism status not always confirmed. Individual studies used a broad approach to the definition of social media, including online gaming and other online activities, precluding firm conclusions being made. There may be a Goldilocks “just right” level of social media contact that could maximise connectedness to others without impacting negatively on mental health, offline relationships and activities of daily living. This paper presents a novel account of research from case studies and larger scale questionnaire studies.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-17
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-01-2023-0001
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Remote autism assessments – lessons learned from the Covid-19
pandemic: a service evaluation-
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Authors: Jonny Hartley, Jack Purrington, Gemma Hartley
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health services adapting the delivery of routine assessments, with many operating remotely. This paper aims to explore the lived experiences of individuals undertaking remote autism assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods service evaluation was completed in an adult autism and neurodevelopmental service based in the north of England. A total of 24 participants, who had undergone remote autism assessments between March 2020 and July 2020, completed a questionnaire about their experiences. Thematic analysis was performed, and additional quantitative data were analysed descriptively to allow contextual information to be included. The evaluation identified three main themes. The first, practical and sensory issues of remote assessment, indicated that internet connectivity problems were common and sometimes impeded a successful assessment. Additionally, participants identified some elements of the videocall impacted their sensory sensitivities. The second theme, emotional responses to remote assessment, demonstrated relief and exhaustion to be common following sessions. The ability to complete assessments from a safe space were favoured by most. The final theme, pros and cons of different assessment methods, highlighted the preference for video assessments above telephone and in person sessions. This study provides an original contribution to the literature by gathering autistic adults’ perspectives on remote autism assessments. The findings suggest that video assessments were the most preferable, over face-to-face and then telephone. Services should offer video and face-to-face assessments while keeping telephone assessments to a minimum.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-16
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-08-2022-0043
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Improvisers’ experiences across neurotypes of participating in
improv comedy-
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Authors: Nathan Keates, Julie Beadle-Brown
Abstract: Previous studies have confirmed the potential benefits of participating in theatrical improvisation, including improved mental health, well-being, skills and strategy development. This study aims to explore the experiences of improv (a subset of theatrical improvisation) for autistic, non-autistic, yet neurodivergent and neurotypical people. In particular, it explores whether participants believe that there have been any benefits from participating in improv. Twenty adult participants were recruited using snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and qualitative content analysis (QCA). IPA explored the autistic lived experience during improv participation, while QCA sought to identify the benefits gained. Implementing IPA allowed for the benefits of improv to be embedded into autistic lived experience. This was aggregated into two themes: “life beyond improv” and “social worlds negative impact”. Findings from QCA found five themes: “creativity and opportunities: the arts and workplace”; “acceptance, cognitive flexibility and rolling with it”; “interpersonal, social and communication skills and human connection”; “gains in mental health, quality of life and wellbeing”; and for just autistic participants, “‘I've gone full autistic’ (and can learn why neurotypicals are like they are)”. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is a novel study area that has not been investigated previously.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-05-12
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-09-2022-0047
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Nothing for us, without us: a review of the clinical literature and
discursive evidence of interpersonal trauma in autistic women-
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Authors: Alexandra Schnabel, Clem Bastow
Abstract: From the authors’ personal and professional experiences, they have observed that autistic women are uniquely at risk of interpersonal trauma. Given the tendency for autistic women to be overlooked in research and practice, this study aims to rectify this by exploring the relevant literature and including the voices of autistic women throughout this paper. This study completed a literature review of quantitative and qualitative data relating to exposure to interpersonal trauma in autistic women. This study also reviewed relevant discursive evidence available on in memoirs and reports. This study also included dialogue between us as authors from an auto/“Autie”-ethnographic position. Both clinical literature and discursive evidence support the idea that autistic women are uniquely at risk of interpersonal trauma, in particular, sexual victimisation. Explanatory factors are considered. Studies exploring rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were less consistent. Further evidence is required to better understand how autistic women experience and express PTSD and to inform assessment and treatment modifications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to integrate clinical literature and discursive evidence on the topic of interpersonal trauma in autistic women. It provides useful insights into the experiences of autistic women in this space, directions for urgently needed future research and modifications to clinical practice.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2023-04-17
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-11-2021-0046
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2023)
- Effect of training program on sexual knowledge and social skills of
adolescents with high-functioning autism in puberty-
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Authors: Leila Akrami, Mokhtar Malekpour, Salar Faramarzi, Ahmad Abedi
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive and characteristic patterns of behavior and difficulties with social communication and interaction. Puberty is an important period for teenagers with ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational program on increasing social skills (SS) and sexual knowledge (SK) in adolescent boys with high-functioning autism (HFA) disorder. This study was conducted using a single-subject design. Participants were three boys diagnosed with HFA disorder, selected using purposive sampling. The social skills improvement system scale and the sexual knowledge questionnaire were used to measure SS and SK. The training program consisted of 49 sessions. Results showed that, given the comparison of scores before and after the intervention, the training program was effective in improving SS and SK. With regard to the importance of puberty, training programs for parents and adolescents play an effective role in increasing SS and SK of adolescents with HFA disorder.
Citation: Advances in Autism
PubDate: 2021-11-29
DOI: 10.1108/AIA-07-2020-0045
Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print (2021)
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