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Authors:Kirk St.Amant, Walter Giordano Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This entry presents cognitive-based strategies, called folds and swaps, communication professionals can use to introduce new concepts to different groups. A novel extension of prototype theory and script theory from cognitive psychology and linguistics, these strategies can help create messages that add, or fold, new ideas, activities, or items into existing processes. Communication professionals can also use these strategies to develop messaging that shifts, or swaps, the location individuals associate with performing different activities. Through an application of folds and swap strategies, communication professionals can help audiences contextualize new approaches to everyday activities. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-11-28T08:21:54Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231216911
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Authors:Emma J. Rose, Heather N. Turner Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. While user experience (UX) and technical and professional communication (TPC) are intertwined, how UX is taught in TPC is highly variable. In this article, we report data from a study with TPC instructors who teach UX to identify patterns in approaches to teaching UX. We provide background on UX pedagogy, share methods including collecting data from a questionnaire and interviews and conducting qualitative analysis. The findings map teaching activities onto the design process and show patterns and commonalities. We conclude by proposing a process-based approach for teaching UX in TPC classes and programs to fprovide scaffolding and connections for students. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-11-07T07:49:23Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231210234
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Authors:Heidi Willers Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) scholars and practitioners (TPCers) see a need to intervene in a range of complex problems. Yet scholars such as Leah Ceccarelli and Lauren Cagle have noted a gap between scholarly research findings and policy changes. To address this gap, I theorize a strategic grounding framework, consisting of multiple, linked tactics that over time enable TPCers to make a case to gain a seat at the table to shape policy. I theorize this framework through a case study of Stephen J. Pyne, founder of the subfield of Fire History, who influenced national and global fire management policy. I examine Pyne's professional papers, housed in the Stephen J. Pyne Papers Collection at the Arizona State University Archives. The framework offers TPCers a series of tactics that position TPCers as change makers as they place their expertise to shape policy that addresses complex problems. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-10-31T07:12:58Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231210224
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Authors:Paul Thompson Hunter Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This article offers a content analysis of technical and professional communication articles related to user experience (TPC-UX) published between 2013 and 2022 in six TPC scholarly journals. This analysis reveals that TPC-UX primarily focuses on product and process topics and illustrates the terminological comingling of user experience and usability. Specific TPC-UX topics identified include theory, multimodality, health and medicine, localization, web design, mobile applications, accessibility, and content strategy. These topics suggest that TPC-UX's key affordances are its attunement to networked power dynamics, its theoretically rich treatment of multimodality, and its strategies for navigating contextual complexities. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-08-04T06:10:46Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231191998
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Authors:Misa Fujio Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Due to the economic sluggishness seen in Japan over the past few decades and the shrinking inward investment market, the Japanese government has introduced educational reforms in order to foster “global human resources” able to compete with overseas talent. One key area of emphasis has been communication education with a special focus on English. In this article, after reviewing the government’s reform plans, the author will analyze (1) how Japanese universities have incorporated these policies into their organizations, with an emphasis on the country’s internationally top-rated universities, and (2) how individual instructors have modified them for their own classes, with reference to a specific case of a successful partnership with an overseas university. Based on the analyses, future opportunities for communication studies will be highlighted in “Discussion” section, including stronger and more flexible ties with overseas universities, in particular among the Asia-Pacific Region, and how a country of non-native speakers of English could show initiative in developing collaborations with overseas universities. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-27T08:03:03Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231188110
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Authors:Natalia Chaban Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This paper explores the intersection of pedagogical research in communication and research on public diplomacy and engages with the notion of knowledge diplomacy. It revises the concept of the “collaborative” central to both public diplomacy and higher education pedagogy. With both fields emphasizing the importance of co-creation, the paper theorizes and operationalizes this concept, and argues that co-creation (as a process and a framework) is one solution to the challenge of dominance argued by the scholarship of knowledge diplomacy. Empirically, the article engages with two cases of grassroots knowledge diplomacy initiated by a tertiary communication program in collaboration with diplomats. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-26T06:10:37Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231188652
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Authors:Kirk St.Amant Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. The usability of items is connected to cognition, or how the brain processes information. Many of the related processes occur subconsciously and are guided by the mental models individuals have created based on their experiences. The better communication professional and communication students understand such dynamics, the more effectively they can create usable content for an audience. This article presents an approach, the Actualization, Recognition, Categorization, Operationalization (ARCO) method, for identifying the mental models that influence usability expectations. Individuals can use the results of this process to create content that better addresses an audience’s usability expectations. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-19T06:11:12Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231187354
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Authors:Sky Marsen, Donald Matheson Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This paper introduces the concerns of the papers in the Special Issue and examines communication as a chameleon discipline that responds and adapts to sometimes very challenging contexts. It explores the strengths and weaknesses of the diversity of approaches that exist in communication studies and shows how this diversity offers both opportunities to be resourceful and hurdles to be managed. The paper reflects on the definitional ambiguity of communication and the ways that communication is perceived and approached in different institutions globally. Its aim is to forge a way through debates about the nature of the field by paying attention to the responsiveness and adaptability of those who teach communication in the face of educational and political change. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-18T06:55:49Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231187356
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Authors:Leslie Seawright, Rhonda Stanton Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. In the discipline of technical/professional writing and communication, one of the strongest recruiting tools we use is the potential earning power students will have once they obtain a degree and secure a job in the industry. This article is the result of two professors learning that one of their most advanced and dedicated students accepted, in her first job out of graduate school, a salary we thought was thousands below her earning potential. Our conversations around this student's situation led us to survey other alumni from our programs. What we have learned is that students often do not know what salaries they should expect, nor do they feel comfortable negotiating a salary offer. In addition, graduates’ location (urban vs. rural) and level of education (BA or BS degree vs. MA) impact their earning potential. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-17T04:19:40Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231188649
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Authors:Matthew Overstreet, Curtis Carbonell, Diana Akhmedjanova Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. The rise of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) threatens to upend traditional teaching and learning practices. Writing, speaking, and communication instruction will all need to evolve. This article presents a case study of one institution's efforts to design and implement a communication curriculum responsive to the unique demands of the EMI environment. The curriculum proposed enacts an interdisciplinary, multimodal approach to the teaching of communication. We discuss the specifics of the curriculum, the process of its creation, the principles underlying it, and how these principles play out in practice. In doing so, we hope to provide a model both for global communication instruction and future curricular design efforts. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-14T06:39:18Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231187358
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Authors:Joanna Wolfe, Nisha Shanmugaraj, Juliann Reineke, Laura Caton Peet, Craig P. Moreau Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning (CTML) describes a set of empirically tested principles that technical and professional communication research largely acknowledges as important to the design of presentation slides. However, presenters often run into difficulties understanding how to apply CTML principles to contexts in which it has not been tested. We present three pilot studies that extend our knowledge of how to apply CTML principles. Pilot study one suggests that CTML principles can be effective for presenting advanced research to expert audiences. Pilot study two highlights the importance of user testing nonessential images added primarily for visual interest, specifically finding that visual organizer images such as Microsoft PowerPoint's SmartArt, can backfire by unintentionally indicating imprecise relationships while adding little in terms of visual interest. Pilot study three suggests that, when needing to present a long quotation, presenters should avoid verbatim reading and consider abridging or paraphrasing the quotation. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-13T02:29:52Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231169433
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Authors:Erica M. Stone Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Using first-hand experience supplemented by an open-access archive, this article examines case examples of civically engaged, public-facing technical communication (e.g., training for community organizers) as well as the value of stories and storytelling for content strategy. By developing 10 best practices for content strategy in advocacy organizations, this article offers suggestions for how to design and sustain content strategy for community organizers and contributes to the field's knowledge of the content strategy of politically engaged nonprofits, particularly those with a strong digital presence. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-07-06T06:05:30Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231172137
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Authors:Edward A. Malone Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Chemist Ethaline Cortelyou, a significant figure in the emerging profession of technical communication in the 1950s, became a national mentor to women in the sciences, first leading them into the practice of technical editing and then away from it. This article presents a case study of her awakening to the true nature and cost of the patriarchal workplace and her own complicity in actively supporting sexist assumptions and the status quo. During the Sputnik crisis, Cortelyou recognized and overcame her internalized sexism, revised her advice to young women in the sciences, and became a public advocate of workplace reform. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-06-27T06:20:23Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231179957
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Authors:Cary Moskovitz, Brooke Harmon, Srishti Saha Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. While the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) format is common in scientific writing, it may not currently be as ubiquitous as often thought. We undertook a systematic, corpus-based study of primary section headings in research articles across a range of STEM disciplines to investigate adherence to the IMRAD structure in relation to type of study (computational, empirical, or theoretical) and field. We identified four categories of structure: IMRAD, IMRAD+ (IMRAD with additional sections and/or different order), Nested IMRAD (multi-part studies), and Non-IMRAD. Papers in biology mainly used an IMRAD format, while less than half in engineering or social sciences did so. While empirical papers tended to use IMRAD formats, most computational papers did not. Thus, our findings show that IMRAD is a common but not universal structure for contemporary scientific writing. Awareness of these differences should encourage teachers of scientific and technical writing and scholars of writing studies to pay closer attention to the actual structural forms used in different STEM disciplines and with different methodological types of research studies. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-24T06:02:28Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231171851
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Authors:Lyn F. Gattis Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This study investigated the extent to which lexical repetition in English passages developed in a content management system appeared to affect reading comprehension. Participants were 65 graduate students at a Midwestern public university, all of whom were native English readers. Instruments were two passages adjusted to maximize or minimize internal lexical repetition. Readers rated repetitive texts as significantly more cohesive than nonrepetitive texts, although repetition did not significantly affect the accuracy of task-based responses. Participants named lexical cues that had been repeated but also named nonrepeated, memorable cues, suggesting possible future research into managed content, lexical memorableness, and reader comprehension. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-18T06:18:42Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231172904
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Authors:Yingying Tang, Huiling Ding Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This study examines the content strategies of 12 Chinese universities’ international websites. Going beyond the Hofstede–Hall model, we explore a novel mixed-method study using both content strategy analysis and user research to investigate intercultural web-based communication strategies. Our study identifies the impacts of Chinese cultural and socio-political values on web content and the mismatch between such values and the information needs of globally distributed prospective students. We conclude that universities’ web content strategies should fully understand target audiences’ needs. Designers benefit from doing stakeholder interviews and competitor analysis to provide relevant, accurate, and accessible information to users from different cultures. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-16T11:28:34Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231171982
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Authors:Tharon Howard Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This article describes a graduate seminar on Content Strategy taught in the Fall of 2020 during the height of the COVID pandemic. Students worked totally online with a real client to develop a content strategy plan. This class was noteworthy because, unlike most classes that end up designing a logo, identity package, and look-n-feel approach to content strategy, this course ended up focusing on the much-overlooked emphasis on governance in an already well-established content strategy plan. Students conducted a persona research study (using Redish's approach) and built a UX journey map (using Kalbach's approach). They conducted a content audit (using Halverson's approach) and then used the data to determine what problems in content development really needed to be solved. These analyses showed that the client's principal needs actually dealt with governance issues rather than logos, branding, and content, so students researched and recommended suitable governance systems (primarily following Welchman's approach). Finally, they produced templates, sample content, and a content development plan for PCLS based on the new governance model provided. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-10T07:23:33Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231171850
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Authors:Guiseppe Getto, Suzan Flanagan, Jack Labriola Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. This special issue of the Journal of Technical Writing and Communication features work from scholars and practitioners of content strategy. Content strategy is an emerging area within technical communication that boasts a variety of unique practices for publishing, editing, and delivering technical content. The work within this special issue is a testament to the complexity and diversity of this field. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-03T05:50:47Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231171864
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Authors:Kim Sydow Campbell, Val Swisher Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. While technical communication consultants and researchers agree that content strategy requires attention to both customer needs and business goals, we found no evidence that technical communication educators promote an accurate understanding of business goals among their content strategy students. Through industry–academia collaboration, we integrate two existing models, using content tactics within organizational characteristics that define the maturity level of an organization's content operations. Analyzing the current state of maturity for each characteristic highlights gaps that can define a content strategy with prioritized tactics and, ultimately, encourages the growth of technical communicator leadership and the empowerment of our profession. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-05-02T06:27:54Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231171863
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Authors:Terry Flew Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Communication as a discipline has a curious double life, being both disavowed in favor of something else, yet remains as a conceptual anchor point for a diverse range of intellectual projects. This argument focuses upon four challenges, or “turns,” that communication as a field has experienced: the “cultural turn” associated with cultural studies; the global turn; the “creative turn”; and the “digital turn” associated with the Internet and social media. It is observed that these have been collectively incorporated into a broadened communication field, and that concepts associated with communication remain relevant to other disciplines and fields. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-03-17T07:13:42Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231163772
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Authors:John R. Gallagher, Rebecca E. Avgoustopoulos Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. Creating new emojis is predicated on a system of technical writing that lobbies for new emojis to the Unicode Consortium. Emojination, an activist collective working for cultural inclusivity, helps everyday people write proposals for inclusive and culturally sensitive emojis. Through a case study of Emojination, this article describes ways that Tactical Technical Communication can work toward cultural inclusivity within regulatory frameworks. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-03-08T07:39:59Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816231161062
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Authors:Mike Duncan Abstract: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication, Ahead of Print. While Sada Harbarger is primarily known as the author of the first genre-based technical communication textbook, 1923's English For Engineers, I argue through extensive archival materials that her innovative conferencing with engineering students and interdisciplinary writing efforts, rather, drove her interwar success at Ohio State. Her rural agricultural background and acquaintance with the engineering faculty, combined with her literature training, led to OSU's engineering faculty demanding successfully that English promote her without reference to her textbook. Harbarger is also a notable early example of navigating being a female professor teaching engineering writing in a male-dominated English literature department. Citation: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication PubDate: 2023-02-09T05:17:02Z DOI: 10.1177/00472816221148476
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