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Abstract: A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) assisted with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is flexible and its lifetime becomes longer due to reduced energy consumption in the static sensor nodes. This paper analyses the capabilities of using UAVs in WSNs for enhancing various military and surveillance capabilities. It presents three architectures of UAV-aided WSNs and it uses a realistic simulation environment to evaluate the energy consumption and network lifetime of a UAV-assisted WSN under two different use cases: (1) the UAV is used as relay node; and (2) the UAV is used as mobile sink. In Use Case 1, the network lifetime is more than five times longer than in Use Case 2. Using a UAV as a relay node preserves the network energy for a longer period, regardless of the flying distance of the UAV. In our experiment, three different percentages of distance from the remote Base-Station to the Cluster-Head were involved. If a UAV is flying on 50% distance, the average energy per node expires very quickly. If the distance percentage is at 10%, the average energy per node drops at a much slower rate. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302115 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: Advanced internet technology and data-hungry applications encourage us to use Multipath TCP (MPTCP). MPTCP can use many homogenous or heterogeneous interfaces like LTE, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, etc. simultaneously. This inherently introduces out of order packets(OFO) scenario at the receiver side. If packets are not collected in sequence at the receiver then after a timeout, retransmission and spurious retransmission may occur thus increasing overhead and decreasing the quality of user experience. To optimize this, an efficient MPTCP scheduling algorithm becomes essential. This article studies and compares a few MPTCP schedulers theoretically and practically using key performance metrics. Comparative study of data points suggests that known schedulers of MPTCP do perform well in uniform network environments, but are inflexible to adapt to dynamic environments with the constant flux in network states of wired/wireless and homogeneous/heterogeneous setup. This calls for a flexible algorithm that can learn the network state and adapt to it for optimized network performance. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302116 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: The world is becoming a place where everything is connected and where everyone expects to use their daily objects to interact with the digital ecosystem in the most safe and seamless manner. This article proposes a smart BLE/NFC membership card system – the Lapa Card –, which can be associated with any company, club or loyalty program. It enables users to physically check-in and safely process payments by acting as a physical authenticator that combines with other authentication factors (e.g., biometric) to seamlessly validate transactions with the highest safety standards. Also, it connects with a network of Gateways to support a directional marketing platform that automates promotional events by proximity. The developed system is able to safely process transactions with the highest safety and minimum friction, and is also able to perform directional marketing in the physical world with good responsiveness while protecting the users’ privacy. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302117 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are crucial components of internet of things (IoT) and have been deployed in numerous fields such as battlefield surveillance. The exploitation of broadcasts in WSNs renders these networks susceptible to numerous attacks. Consequently, to boost security, reliability, and successful cooperation, trust must be established among the sensor nodes. Unfortunately, the current authentication and authorization approaches exhibit high key management overheads, depend on static digital signatures or trusted third parties, and have both high communication latencies and computational complexity that render them inefficient. In this paper, challenge-response mutual authentication protocol is proposed for enhancing security in WSN-based IoT environment. The simulation results showed that the proposed protocol has the least transaction costs, time complexity, end to end delays and energy consumptions. It is also resilient against dictionary, side channel, cloning, man-in-the-middle (MitM, denial of service (DoS) and next password prediction attacks. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302118 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: Assessment of automatic and connected vehicle driving tests is vital when building reliable traffic simulation platforms. The main components of a traffic simulation platform, traffic environment and vehicular models are overgeneralized in the existing traffic simulators. State-of-the-art simulators for road traffic generally make simple the functioning of connected and autonomous (CA) vehicles. It offers the additional advancements to the existing road-traffic flow modelling techniques. The traditional autonomous vehicular simulators only emphasize distinct authentication functionality in particular traffic environments, neglecting the network level assessment when incorporating both vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and extensive vehicular traffic networks. This article proposes a concept for a road-traffic simulation framework designed for Connected and Automated-Driving (CAD) considering cyber-physical transport system. The trio of prevalent open-source simulation platforms, SUMO, Omnet++, and Webots are attached via Traffic-Control-Interface (TRACI). Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302119 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: With the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for popular streaming applications is expected to soar. Ensuring high user-perceived quality correlates with higher profits for content providers and delivery systems. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a widely adopted video streaming standard, utilized by service providers to provide competitive quality of experience (QoE). DASH is capable of providing seamless streaming even during uncertain network conditions by switching across different video qualities and their corresponding segment bitrates. This paper introduces a non-complex algorithm that allows smooth step-like transition in the streamed video quality. The proposed approach deploys an optimization model to manage key elements that affect the user-perceived experience such as video quality, re-buffering and quality switching events. The objective is to optimize the QoE metric, which is constrained by the network throughput, segment size and buffer occupancy to continuously select the optimum bitrate levels with low complexity. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.302120 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: It’s critical to design a robust wireless communication system that achieves an improved bit error rate (BER) in mobile channels. In this paper, a 2x2 space-time (ST) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed with conjugate cancellation (CC) two-path transmission scheme. The 2x2 STCC-OFDM system features in the excellent inter-carrier interference (ICI) mitigation in the mobile channels with a better BER than that of a conventional 2x2 ST-OFDM system. Five orthogonal transforms are employed as the precoder to enhance the BER further, such as Zadoff-Chu transform (ZCT), slant transform (ST), discrete Hartley transform (DHT), Haar transform (HT), and Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT). ZCT row wise precoder provide the lowest peak-to-average power ratio and good BER performance. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed STCC-OFDM systems are robust to various channel environments Although the STCC-OFDM systems improve BER with the cost of reducing bandwidth efficiency when compared to a ST-OFDM, they can be compensated by a higher QAM constellation size. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299364 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: A 2x2 space-time (ST) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed with parallel cancellation (PC) two-path transmission to form a 2x2 STPC system. The 2x2 STPC-OFDM systems mitigate the inter-carrier interference (ICI) in the mobile channels with a better BER than that of a 2x2 ST-OFDM system. The design is switchable between two operation modes: either high data rate with ST-OFDM or high reliability with STPC in mobile fading channels having lower bit error rate (BER). Furthermore, a generalized STPC architecture is designed with multiple receiver antennas. It offers higher diversity order and better BER. Two orthogonal transforms, such as Zadoff-Chu transform (ZCT) and Walsh–Hadamard transform (WHT), are employed as the precoder to enhance the BER further. Although the proposed STPC-OFDM systems require two-path transmission with the cost of reducing bandwidth efficiency, simulations show that the proposed 2x2 STPC-OFDM systems are robust to various channel environments and have a better BER performance for fair data rate comparison with 2x2 ST-OFDM. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299367 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: In location based services, Weighted Multiple Linear Regression (WMLR) algorithm is used for radio device position estimation. Nevertheless, WMLR provides coarse location estimate, because weights apportioned to the received signal strength (RSS) for each hearable base station during matrix weight formation are not properly distributed. In an attempt to address the problem articulated above, an improved WMLR that enhanced the accuracy of radio device position estimate is proposed in this work. Min-Max scaling was used to determine the weight for each RSS values logged at different BS, as such forming a refined matrix weight. Public on-site outdoor Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) RSS data set was used to assess the improved WMLR estimation algorithm on the basis of accuracy. The location accuracy of the proposed method is validated with the existing WMLR algorithm and Federal Communication Commission (FCC) maximum location error benchmark. Results show that the location accuracy of the improved approach outperformed that of the existing WMLR localization method. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299369 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Abstract: In this paper, the authors provided a comprehensive analysis of blockchain technology and its state-of-the-art applications. The authors defined types of blockchain-enabled applications across various domains and research areas. Despite blockchain-enabled applications are widely deployed, the authors identified open issues and proposed potential solutions that are of high relevance and value for both academics and practitioners. As outstanding issues of the blockchain technology identified in this paper become addressed and as blockchain develops into more efficient, scalable, durable, and mature, its state-of-the-art applications will break into many more domains. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 0-0 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299370 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Varshney; Upkar, Singh, Neetu, Dube, Shanta, Varshney, Smita, McCall, W. Vaughn Pages: 1 - 11 Abstract: The number of elderly experiencing cognitive disorders or dementia including Alzheimer’s has been increasing worldwide. During COVID-19 pandemic, they are vulnerable not only to the coronavirus, but also to the social isolation with no family visits. The elderly are increasingly depressed, resisting care, refusing medications and showing signs of agitation. These behavioral disturbances are leading to an increased use of psychotropic medications and/or increased hospitalizations to already overloaded healthcare systems. To address this, we focus on a mobile intervention, named AlzhaTV, as a suite of mobile apps. The intervention, not requiring any technical interaction from the elderly, is available on both Android and iOS platforms. The mobile intervention has the potential to improve the quality of life and reduction in medications for the elderly. Our results show that multiple personalized and non-personalized videos can be transmitted over existing wireless networks. During the current and future pandemics and disasters, AlzhaTV can actively support the elderly. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-11 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299360 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Sardiñas; Elizabet De Armas, Maruri, José María Matías, Garduño, Víctor García, Gaibor, Andrés Cornejo Pages: 1 - 11 Abstract: Mexico is a country prone to catastrophic events of seismic, vulcanological or meteorological origin, among others. For this reason, many organizations monitor in Mexico different areas to prevent catastrophes. The Emergency Alert Systems (EAS) advise about the advent of a possible catastrophic event to the population in general. This paper explores the EAS in Mexico in order to propose improvements. First, the characteristics of the existing Emergency Alert Systems in México are evaluated. As the broadcasting have traditionally been the main alert media for the population, the coverage of radio and television is studied in order to know whether it is enough to cover all the country. Finally, a new integral Emergency Alert System covering all the country is proposed. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-11 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299361 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Aldoseri; Hamad Fadhel, Haering, Lars, Czylwik, Andreas Pages: 1 - 12 Abstract: In this paper, the joint effect of quantization and clipping done by the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in the receiver of a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) is investigated. As an Ultra Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) system, a combination of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) that uses Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) is applied. It is shown that under an industrial Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) channel, CDMA-OQAM-OFDM outperforms CDMA-OFDM when both transmissions are attacked by Random Frequency Hopping Jamming (RFHJ). Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-12 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299362 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Al-Hamdani; Hussein, Almamori, Aqiel, Mohan, Seshadri Pages: 1 - 11 Abstract: A number of studies focus on sparse code multiple access (SCMA) to increase the spectral efficiency and support the massive connectivity required for future wireless communications networks. This work reports an improved design for SCMA based on algebraic number field theory and cyclotomic construction of a lattice. The proposed constellation improves the diversity of the SCMA system, which supports the probability of decoding error. We show that the proposed constellation in the uplink transmission of SCMA supports the spectral efficiency by 1 dB gain in SNR when the error probability of SCMA is 0.001 as compared to the proposals in the literature. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-11 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299363 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Alapati; Hemalatha, Paolini, Christopher, Chinara, Suchismita, Sarkar, Mahasweta Pages: 1 - 12 Abstract: Smart homes feature automatic fire/smoke detection, voice-operated assets and appliances etc. More often, smart home appliances like lights, fans, etc., can be controlled through voice commands. Voice-operated devices like Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant, are not new in the current age concerning voice command execution. However, working with these supports requires a global connection with the internet that costs time and bandwidth. Controlling home appliances need concise commands involving keywords on/off. Further, to operate the home appliances, bandwidth consumption for internet is not a wise idea. Through this paper, models based on Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) and Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (CRNN) have been studied for Keyword Spotting (KWS) by training models with keywords pronounced in different accents. The performance of these models is compared, and their ability to detect unknown words is studied. Finally, how these models are suitable for building Smart Home assistants to control home utilities with minimum bandwidth consumption is discussed. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-12 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299365 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Gupta; Meenakshi, Gera, Poonam Pages: 1 - 20 Abstract: Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is becoming a potential solution to improve traffic safety and efficiency by facilitating communication among vehicles via exchanging reliable messages. Therefore, reliable and authentic message delivery from legitimate vehicles is a prerequisite. But internal malicious vehicles may disrupt proper functioning by discarding or fabricating packets. For this objective, a computationally efficient direct trust-based model is proposed which evaluate vehicle behavior by verifying the correctness of communicated message even in sparse network situation. We ensure the reliability of each communicated message by secure path selection in Direct-trust-based GPSR routing protocol (DT-GPSR) incorporating trustworthy vehicle. Simulation and analyses show our model help legitimate vehicles to mitigate effect of malicious vehicle communicating false or bogus data to disrupt network. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-20 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299366 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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Authors:Al-Safi; Noof A., Al-Asiri, Rawan A., Al-Malki, Malak A., Abar, Sameera Pages: 1 - 21 Abstract: A novel and vibrant mobile computing application has been designed and developed that facilitates a well-organized far-off active interaction amongst its stakeholders constantly, mainly a parent and babysitter/nanny who heeds on updating about the current situation of a child. Basically, the key idea to provide an online childcare service aims towards constructing an app that supports the mothers to virtually monitor, track, manage and timely take sound care of their children from a distant place. On duty parents or guardians feel connected on having up-to-date information on the child status literally in the palm of a hand and can do the job tasks with utmost focus, contentment and peace of mind. Performance evaluation of the embedded features and functionality of the proposed strategy confirms its ease and utility on a regular day-to-day basis towards fostering quality parenthood for little kids. Furthermore, this research work serves as a usable reference in varied domains for the students engineering their own software applications. Keywords: Networking and Telecommunications; Media & Communications; Telecommunications Citation: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking (IJITN), Volume: 14, Issue: 1 (2022) Pages: 1-21 PubDate: 2022-01-01T05:00:00Z DOI: 10.4018/IJITN.299368 Issue No:Vol. 14, No. 1 (2022)
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