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Authors:Michael S. Daubs Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article articulates the intersection of wellness communities and anti-vaccine (‘anti-vax’) groups to demonstrate how vaccine misinformation and pseudoscience can propagate. This misinformation is often pushed by wellness influencers. One recent example is wellness figure Pete Evans, a celebrity chef and self-described ‘qualified health coach’. By 2020, however, Evans had developed anti-vax views and began to promote fake COVID cures, anti-vax misinformation, and COVID conspiracy theories from QAnon. This contribution examines this overlap to demonstrate how wellness influencers spread misinformation that fuel vaccine hesitancy. Evans is just one example; journalists have reported on yoga teachers in California protesting against lockdowns and on wellness influencers claiming that a ‘“shadowy cabal” of scientists and companies’ were responsible for COVID. These examples demonstrate how community intersections can amplify misinformation, pseudoscience and anti-vax views to a motivated and highly receptive audience. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-08-07T10:26:17Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241270526
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Authors:Kerry McCallum, Tanja Dreher, Megan Deas, Poppy de Souza, Samantha Joseph, Eli Skogerbø Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article examines the tensions between ‘publicness’ and ‘privacy’ in national commissions of inquiry. Through the insights of those who worked deep inside Australia's landmark Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (RCIRCSA, 2013–2017), and the evidence provided in its final report, we explore the organisational and media logics of the Commission's highly publicised public hearings, and the ‘quiet’ institutional listening practices of its private sessions and engagement with marginalised communities. Royal Commissions are an important mechanism for raising awareness of past crimes on the public agenda. Our research finds that while the revelatory outcomes of the RCIRCSA have been well documented, its private sessions, engagement and research are less well understood. We argue ‘publicness’ is a relatively unchallenged good that is enacted through news media and the royal commission process, but media logics can limit their capacity to address the ongoing causes and impacts of child sexual abuse against the most impacted children. Participants reflected on the media logics that drove strategic decisions to ‘make public’ some cases and institutions, while others remained in the Commission's private realm. The article concludes that the confidential sharing of evidence has been undervalued in inquiry media studies that often centre the journalists’ role in uncovering and publicly revealing previously unheard stories. Drawing on international comparisons we find that while quiet listening risks negating the opportunity to amplify experience, it may also counter the potential silencing effects of unwanted public media scrutiny and protect potential witnesses from further harm. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-08-06T07:13:10Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241267722
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Authors:Timothy Graham Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article examines the circulation of unverified and misleading information during the 2023 Australian Voice to Parliament referendum, focusing on X (formerly Twitter). Adapting Harsin's concept of Regimes of Post-Truth and a participatory perspective of propaganda, we analyse over 224,000 posts, exploring the interplay of Voice-related discussions on X and campaign messaging. We find that the Yes campaign employed a traditional messaging approach, emphasising public support and presenting historical facts and statistics. In contrast, the No campaign's disciplined messaging style mobilised pan-partisan attention, fostering a collaborative ‘truth market’ on X about the constitutional amendment that eclipsed the Yes campaign's more conventional approach. A proliferation of conspiratorial assertions fostered collaborative work from No campaigners as well as participatory efforts from Yes campaigners to debunk and criticise them. We conclude that the No campaign cultivated a series of public relations-induced realities about the referendum, effectively managing attention within a hybrid media system. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-08-02T11:09:51Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241267756
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Authors:Carlos Rodríguez-Urra, Magdalena Trillo-Domínguez, Víctor Herrero-Solana Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Hyperlocal media ecosystems have attracted increasing academic interest due to the impact of the Internet and social networks, and even more so due to concerns about the vitality of journalism in contexts of press decline with a clear lack of availability and quality of information. This study reviews the field of ‘news deserts’ from the perspective of ‘hyperlocal journalism’ until earlier 2023 in major scientific databases to identify the main fronts, challenges and opportunities. This emerging concept indicates a growing global concern about the disappearance of local media, leaving areas isolated in informational, social and cultural dimensions. The study shows the United States, United Kingdom and Australia with the largest presence, followed by Spain and Scandinavia, while it is beginning to set the public and media agenda in Latin America. We found six research fronts: Studies on audiences, Citizen journalism, Enterprise and business models, Hyperlocal media stage, News deserts and Methodological proposals. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-07-23T08:57:19Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241265831
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Authors:Travis A. Holland Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Podcasting has become a widespread method of science communication. This paper describes a practice-led, extended-mixed methods study that aimed to examine the possibilities for podcasting in the field of palaeontology. The method combines (1) the production of a two-year podcast series by the author with (2) interviews with other ‘palaeo podcasters’ and (3) a study of 24 palaeontological podcasts. Each method contributes insights into how this form of science communication, specifically within the field of palaeontology, might be usefully developed. Drawing on data from all three approaches, the paper demonstrates the practical considerations, audience engagement strategies and use of discipline expertise required to develop and sustain this form of science communication. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-07-23T08:56:19Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241265824
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Authors:Anna Potter, Clare Archer-Lean, Phoebe Macrossan, Harriot Beazley Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Australian teenagers have grown up with abundant choices in digital screen entertainment including social media, gaming, and global streaming video services such as Netflix. This participatory audience study investigates how, why and to what extent Australian teenagers engage with drama and movies in their daily lives, including Australian stories. The research findings show that Australian teens enjoy watching long-form screen stories on their favourite streaming services and that on-demand delivery is critical to their viewing preferences. Although many remember with affection the Australian drama they watched as children, teens now place a low priority on a screen story being Australian. A sophisticated audience that particularly values diverse and inclusive representation, teens’ deprioritising of Australian content – and linear television – has profound implications for policy, for Australian screen production and for public service broadcasters the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the Special Broadcasting Service. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-05-28T07:28:31Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241254234
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Authors:Sebastian Morrison Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. In videogames, players commonly encounter virtual animals who perform labour for human benefit. Animal labour is not only physical, but increasingly involves labours of bonding and love which invest the player in the animal's liveliness alongside their utility. This article analyses Stardew Valley, interrogating the ways in which the player encounters and builds relationships with labouring virtual animals. It argues that, through these player-animal relationships, the player rehearses orientations towards animal life which take for granted their subjugation. In Stardew Valley, animals express love in ways which not only obscure their subjugated position, relative to humans, in relationships of domination, but also encourage the player to reproduce those relationships on an expanding scale. This is a naturalization of animal subjugation which, in part, justifies real practices of industrial animal agriculture which lead not only to constant cycles of mass animal death, but also contribute to climate disaster. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-05-22T12:55:04Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241254577
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Authors:TJ Thomson, Lesley Irvine, Glen Thomas Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Many scholars find the peer-review process to be a puzzling, non-transparent, and subjective exercise. Many emerging scholars also learn about the peer-review and publishing process through painful and time-consuming trial and error while still students or as early-career researchers rather than through formal training or guided supervision. Yet many pitfalls exist in this process for new and veteran scholars alike. With this study, grounded in the communication field, we aim to pull back the curtain on this opaque process and assist scholars in their publishing ambitions while also providing suggestions, primarily for journal editors and those who train future reviewers, about how the peer-review process can be improved for collective benefit. To do so, this grounded theory study reviews a year's worth of reviews from a communication journal to explore which issues reviewers identify within the submitted research, to explore how the reviewer feedback reveals their implicit understanding of their role in the peer-review process, and to identify how clear reviewers and editors are regarding which feedback is most important. Taken together, this allows for an understanding of how reviewers and editors engage in the social construction of research. The results inform the training of communication scholars, reviewers, and editors. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-05-16T07:26:52Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241254568
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Authors:Stephanie Ketterer Hobbis, Geoffrey Hobbis Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Smartphones have become crucial for understanding how digital technologies are adopted and adapted into people's lives, while also emerging as tools for studying social phenomena more broadly. Drawing on insights from our own longitudinal work in Solomon Islands, this article details a sociotechnical approach to smartphone research that combines both potentialities. It distinguishes itself from other smartphone-based methods by connecting media-centric perspectives with non-media-centric approaches through an additional focus on body techniques. The approach is centered on object-centric, semi-structured interviews embedded in longitudinal participant observation and theoretically informed by anthropologies of technologies. Emphasizing a holistic perspective and the diversity of human experiences, this approach allows for generating material evidence of contextually-embedded mediations of social relationships through the hardware and software of the phones themselves. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-05-16T05:11:31Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241253011
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Authors:Mona Chatskin Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article underscores the transformative impact of victim–survivor voices in reshaping public discourse on child sexual abuse (CSA). The research project took as the backbone for analysis the Malka Leifer case that spanned 15 years and is linked to the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse's report of Case Study 22, which examined responses in ultra-Orthodox Jewish schools to child sexual abuse. Adopting a mixed methods research approach, this study combines qualitative media analysis of 102 news articles and 8 in-depth focus groups to investigate the impact of media outlets in amplifying victim voice and influencing public discourse, and how this impacts the subjects of mediatised public crises. Drawing on the theorising of Couldry and Cottle, the article considers the capacity and limitations of survivor-advocates to leverage media power in the contemporary media system. By exploring the ‘Privileging Victim Voice’ frame, this paper sheds light on how victim–survivor advocates utilised mainstream, local religious, and social media to solidify their central place in the narrative and its reportage. The media analysis served as the foundation for a ‘peer conversation’ style of focus groups with Jewish community members to investigate local impacts of the case's media reportage. The focus group methodology sought to represent this diverse community as wholly as possible. Findings reveal the significant power of journalists’ framing and sourcing practices, and how Jewish institutional child sexual abuse is framed by media outlets within the Australian media landscape. Further, it showcases the broader implications of public inquiries, such as Australia's Royal Commission, in empowering victim–survivors and centreing their narratives in media reportage. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-05-07T05:51:01Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241251497
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Authors:Muhammad Asim Imran, Zehra Ahmed Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article presents a discursive analysis of crisis communication strategies employed by British Prime Minister Boris Johnson during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilising critical discourse analysis, the study examined official communications from March 2020 to January 2022. While Johnson's communication style encompassed empathy, assertiveness, and a focus on vaccination efforts, enhancing specificity, transparency, addressing potential inequalities, as well as prioritising community building, could have heightened the impact of his messages during the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining Boris Johnson's speeches as a case study, the research adds depth to the discourse on effective communication strategies employed by world leaders. The findings underscore the significance of clarity, adaptability, empathy, and reliance on scientific evidence in navigating the complexities of crisis communication. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-04-23T08:31:58Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241248264
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Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-04-22T08:07:11Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241249812
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Authors:Briony Luttrell, Hannah Joyce Banks Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Our Flag Means Death (OFMD) premiered to critical acclaim and unprecedented audience engagement. It can be argued that it is a romantic queer reading of historical facts. In this article, we reflect on the social function of storytelling and audience labour within the context of queer screen representations. We theorise queer reading as a practice of learning to recognise, identify and create patterns of semiotic resources. This practice is a reaction to a history of being erased or relegated to subtext. We argue queer reading is a particular form of audience labour, in that readers are asked to do extra work. This is especially important in cases where identities and communities are regularly symbolically annihilated. Season One of OFMD is a unique case study where we explore how the show achieves a low/easy labour environment for a vulnerable viewer and how this is an act of care and empathy. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-04-11T09:34:38Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241245785
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Authors:Timothy Graham, Katherine M. FitzGerald Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This study investigates post-truth messaging and participatory disinformation on Twitter, focusing on the activities of Craig Kelly, a former Australian member of parliament and a key figure previously accused of spreading health misinformation in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We draw on Harsin's conceptualisation of post truth communication to analyse 4317 tweets and 5.2 million interactions with Kelly's account and his network of followers over a six-month period. Our novel empirical approach, combining coordination network analysis with a forensic qualitative approach, explores the participatory nature of online interaction, where fringe actors mobilise around Kelly's tweets. The findings demonstrate how political figures have a privileged and outsized role in public discourse, undermining scientific institutions and promoting anti-deliberative politics. This research underscores the role of participatory disinformation in the post-truth era and suggests that regulators, governments, and social media platforms work collaboratively to develop a whole-of-society framework to tackle misinformation. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-04-04T07:13:07Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241244919
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Authors:Jim Macnamara Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. The ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has changed society are the source of widespread discussion. But references to a ‘new normal’ are mostly confined to hybrid working and a possible four-day working week. Should future-scoping remain so narrow, a major opportunity for fundamental rethinking will be lost. This commentary seeks to take up and expand the argument of a 2021 article on the effects of COVID-19 by exploring the wider social implications and the opportunity presented by this existential crisis. Specifically, this critical analysis explores whether COVID-19 and its impacts have created a moment of liminality – a time of “transition during which the normal limits to thought are relaxed, opening the way to novelty and imagination, construction, and destruction” potentially leading to what Victor Turner refers to as communitas in which we can rethink the issues of our time and in which new social structures and understandings can form. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-04-02T06:58:55Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241243093
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Authors:Nansong Zhou Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. In the 1990s, in China, arcade and console games were called “spiritual opium.” Why were video games labeled spiritual drugs, specifically opium, as opposed to other types of drugs' How did the mainstream media gradually depict video games as spiritual opium' The term “spiritual opium” carries profound historical and political connotations and is skillfully employed by media entities to disparage video games, fostering adverse perceptions among the populace. This scholarly inquiry delves into the cultural history of arcade and console games during this era. Historical and cultural methods were used to meticulously trace the genesis and evolution of the “spiritual opium” metaphor in the 1990s, scrutinizing the process through which video games were ensnared by this pejorative label. In addition, the paper also elucidates the “spiritual opium war,” a series of government-led campaigns against arcade and console games, including investigations, crackdowns on arcades, and reminiscent of Mao-era mobilizations. By doing so, this research fills a critical gap in the historiography of Chinese gaming, thereby enriching studies of the regional game industry and contributing to a broader understanding of the global gaming landscape. This article also shows how postsocialist states such as China navigate the challenges posed by the influx of video games and their perceived political threats and provides a nuanced understanding of state–media dynamics and cultural policy in postsocialist contexts. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-03-15T10:15:32Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241239454
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Authors:Amelia Johns, Francesco Bailo, Emily Booth, Marian-Andrei Rizoiu Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. In this paper, we ask how effective Meta's content moderation strategy was on its flagship platform, Facebook, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse the performance of 18 Australian right-wing/anti-vaccination pages, posts and commenting sections collected between January 2019 and July 2021, and use engagement metrics and time series analysis to analyse the data, mapping key policy announcements against page performance. We combine this with content analysis of comments parsed from two public pages that overperformed in the time period. The results show that Meta's content moderation systems were partially effective, with previously high-performing pages showing steady decline. Nonetheless, some pages not only slipped through the net but overperformed, proving this strategy to be piecemeal and inconsistent. The analysis identifies trends that content labelling and ‘shadow banning’ accounts was resisted by these communities, who employed tactics to stay engaged on Facebook, while migrating some conversations to less moderated platforms. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-03-13T12:38:06Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241236984
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Authors:Damien John O’Meara, Whitney Monaghan Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Over the past few decades, there has been significant industry and scholarly interest in diversity, equity, and inclusion in television. Alongside this, attention has been paid to the politics of queer representation in screen and media contexts. Providing much-needed data on these issues, this article catalogues the representation of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and nonbinary characters in Australian scripted television since 2000. We highlight the inclusion of more queer characters onscreen and situate this in the context of two significant decades of change in the Australian television industry and the broader socio-political context. In teasing out recent trends around gender and sexually diverse representation, we identify shifts toward representing more complex and inclusive queer story worlds on Australian television. We also note significant tensions in these representations, highlighting how Australian television remains quite conservative in depicting queer sex, intersections between sexualities and gender identities, and bisexual identities. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-03-06T07:22:04Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241236990
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Authors:Aneta Podkalicka, Danie Nilsson, Simon Troon Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Proliferating media content is key to public understanding and discussions about the environment and climate change. While scholarly interest in mediated environmental communication has been ample and multi-directional, the questions around media's impacts remain pressing and largely under-theorised. This paper uses an example of popular environmental media in Australia – i.e. media aimed at attracting wide audiences – to discuss how impact is perceived and pursued in the distinctive Australian context, and what can be inferred from this study about environmental media and its impact more generally. Drawing on 28 interviews with media-makers and practitioners, conducted between 2022 and 2023, we catalogue common creative/narratives strategies used to engage audiences, noting a diversity of views and approaches for creating and measuring impact. The paper contributes to theoretical debates on media impact and encourages active academic research-media industry collaborations as part of initiatives aimed at meeting the challenges of climate change. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-02-29T07:53:07Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241232167
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Authors:Jane B Singer Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-02-27T07:24:02Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241234983
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Authors:Kristy Hess, Alison McAdam Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Digital adaptation is often considered the panacea to the local journalism crisis in Australia. As a result, this digital first agenda has perpetuated ‘death and doom’ narratives about some traditional strategies and practices, especially in regards to the future of printed local newspapers. This paper draws on interviews and focus groups with local news owners, journalists, editors, advertising staff and managers who work for small independently owned titles in rural and regional Australia to suggest there are three key myths which are deeply interwoven and impact perceptions of local news media realities: that print is dead, the traditional advertising model has collapsed and there are no jobs in journalism. We suggest these myths can cloud discussions around the targeted and systemic solutions needed to secure local news futures. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-02-13T06:44:39Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241230380
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Authors:Deborah Wise Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-01-31T09:05:02Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X231221301
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Authors:Sebastian F. K. Svegaard Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-01-31T09:04:02Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X241229264
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Authors:Angela Ross Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. There is increasing evidence fewer people are willing to discuss and debate issues of common concern on social media with their feeds becoming more conflict-laden and toxic. A more nuanced understanding is needed of the motivations and deterrents for individual participation, in different contexts. This article provides a unique perspective from regional Australia by considering the conditions under which a group of social media users in Launceston, Tasmania were more likely to participate in discussion on Facebook and the factors that encouraged participants to present a constructed version of themselves. In doing so, this digital ethnographic case study contributes to evidence about the limitations of Facebook as a place for democratic public debate and may have practical application by helping identify spaces on social media that are more likely to prompt open and honest discussion. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-01-31T05:43:52Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X231226355
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Authors:Niels ten Oever, Christoph Becker Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. This article argues that the production and maintenance of “infrastructural insecurity” is an inherent part of the process of the standardization of telecommunication networks. Infrastructural insecurity is the outcome of intentional practices during the production, standardization, and maintenance of communication infrastructures that leave end-users vulnerable to attacks that benefit particular actors. We ground this analysis in the qualitative and quantitative exploration of the responses to the disclosure of three fundamental security vulnerabilities in telecommunications networks. To research the shaping of communication and infrastructure architectures in the face of insecurities, we develop a novel approach to the study of Internet governance and standard-setting processes that leverages web scraping and computer-assisted document set discovery software tools combined with document analysis. This is an important contribution because it problematizes the process of standardization and asks fundamental questions about the adequacy and legitimacy of the process and procedures of standardization, its participants, and its institutions. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-01-18T03:52:49Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X231225748
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Authors:Rob Cover, Nicola Henry, Joscelyn Gleave, Sharon Greenfield, Viktor Grechyn, Thuc Bao Huynh Abstract: Media International Australia, Ahead of Print. Public figures are subject to higher rates of online abuse than other users in part because many digital platforms have significantly higher thresholds for intervening in cases of public figure abuse. Internationally, this higher rate of abuse has led to substantial impacts on public figures’ wellbeing and withdrawal from public life. This article presents findings from a study of platform policies to understand how platforms and policy stakeholders define public figures. Key findings included (a) public figures are ill-defined in platform policies, (b) policies often collapse distinctions between traditional public figures such as politicians and entertainers, emerging public figures such as influencers, and involuntary public figures such as a celebrity's family members; and (c) policies fail to acknowledge the diverse resources and institutional support enjoyed by different types of public figure. The article draws on applied cultural theory to unpack the challenges and consequences of inadequately defining public figures. Citation: Media International Australia PubDate: 2024-01-10T07:46:33Z DOI: 10.1177/1329878X231225745
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
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