Authors:Eky Susilowati, Fatma Lestari Pages: 1 - 11 Abstract: Introduction: Fire is a common risk in any industrial facility that uses combustible and flammable raw materials, products, or supporting materials. Among others, the pharmaceutical industry is exposed to such risk due to the application of flammable liquids including ethanol as a volatile solvent in production areas, which has the potential to form explosive atmospheres through evaporation from pools created by accidental releases. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the hazardous area classification (HAC) in ethanol storage areas to facilitate the execution of risk mitigation efforts for reducing the role of ignition sources that cause fire and explosion. Methods: The HAC assessment was carried out in December 2021 - January 2022 using the quantitative method outlined in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard: IEC/EN 60079-10-1 for zone determination. During flash point analysis, the ASTM D-93 method was employed to define the class of ethanol as a flammable liquid. Results: The ethanol storage areas fell into the zone 2 category based on the secondary grade of release, as well as the areas’ ventilation effectiveness with a medium dilution, and fair ventilation availability. The extent of zone 2 is up to 3 m from the release source. Conclusion: Ignition sources capable of leading to fire and explosion incidents in ethanol storage areas should be controlled. PubDate: 2023-02-03 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (Special Issue) (2023)
Authors:Sapto Budi Nugroho, Mila Tejamaya Pages: 12 - 19 Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has not officially ended, and due to the apparent underestimation of protective behavior, it is imperative to continuously promote public awareness and implement health protocols to control its spread. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the community's risk perception and experiences of COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia. Method: This study was conducted in 2022 using an online survey. The questionnaire was developed based on a standard questionnaire (ECOM, 2015) on the risk perception of an infectious disease outbreak. It was then distributed through various social media platforms, including WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. Result: According to all ten risk perception distribution data, the majority of respondents considered COVID-19 a threat. This showed that most respondents had intense COVID-19 transmission directly or indirectly. This study also revealed that there were more female respondents than men. Conclusion: Individuals who had contracted COVID-19 might have different perceptions compared to those who had not been infected. Furthermore, experiences such as the COVID-19 transmission involving relatives and friends might also shape an individual’s risk perception, particularly in implementing protective behavior, in this case, health protocol. Control measures based on gender should also be considered to ensure the effectiveness of the COVID-19 risk management. PubDate: 2023-02-22 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (Special Issue) (2023)
Authors:Putri Ayuni Alayyannur, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan, Mila Tejamaya Pages: 20 - 24 Abstract: Introduction: Workers face pressure that comes from the work environment, one of which is heat pressure. Exposure to heat, workload, rehydration, and rest period are several factors that can cause heat stress to workers. People who are uncovered to heat are much more likely to experience heat stress. Related to this, current research was carried out aiming to analyze environmental factors that are at risk of heat stress exposure to fishermen in Indonesia. Methods: This study was conducted through a cross sectional design in the coastal regions in Surabaya. Accidental sampling technique was applied, obtaining 42 respondents. In this case, the variables included are humidity, temperature, access to clean water, risk of heat stress, and dehydration, while the data analysis techniques used are the logistic regression and pearson correlation. Results: The results showed that the significant environmental factor is access to clean water, with a value of 0.009 so that the p-value is less than 0.05. Furthermore, the relationship between heat stress and dehydration is 27.1%. Conclusion: Therefore, this study concludes that only access to clean water is significantly related to the risk of heat stress. In addition, the relationship between heat stress and the incidence of dehydration is weak. PubDate: 2023-02-28 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (Special Issue) (2023)
Authors:Mila Tejamaya, Amelia Anggarawati Putri, Sapto Budi Nugroho, Ira Safhira Pages: 25 - 34 Abstract: Introduction: In line with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases from July to early August 2022, this paper aimed to analyze the perception of COVID-19 among Indonesians. Methods: A cross-sectional online study on COVID-19 risk perception was conducted in the first week of July 2022. A questionnaire adapted from ECOM (Effective Communication in Outbreak Management for Europe) was distributed online through social media to obtain information about the respondents’ knowledge, behavior, and risk perceptions on COVID-19. Results: There were 775 respondents. Most of them were female (61.3%), lived in the eight most targeted areas (84.1%), were unmarried (52.5%), held a bachelor’s degree (38.5%), and were Muslims (80.8%). The percentages of respondents who had been infected with COVID-19 were (43.8%). Most participants believed that their knowledge level of the disease was average and above average (>91%). Of the respondents, 83.6% perceived the seriousness of COVID-19 as serious and very serious. However, the anxiety level among these respondents was moderate (slightly and quite anxious). This indicates that even though most respondents still see COVID-19 as a serious disease, their level of fear is decreasing. Compared to a previous study, most respondents in the current study were more confident of their ability to control the risks associated with the transmission of the virus. Nevertheless, they still believe that outdoor activity and not using a face mask can significantly increase the probability of getting infected. Conclusion: The risk perception of COVID-19 in Indonesian community among our study population was appropriate. PubDate: 2023-02-28 Issue No:Vol. 12, No. 1 (Special Issue) (2023)
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